1
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Pellaers E, Bhat A, Christ F, Debyser Z. Determinants of Retroviral Integration and Implications for Gene Therapeutic MLV-Based Vectors and for a Cure for HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 36680071 PMCID: PMC9861059 DOI: 10.3390/v15010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To complete their replication cycle, retroviruses need to integrate a DNA copy of their RNA genome into a host chromosome. Integration site selection is not random and is driven by multiple viral and cellular host factors specific to different classes of retroviruses. Today, overwhelming evidence from cell culture, animal experiments and clinical data suggests that integration sites are important for retroviral replication, oncogenesis and/or latency. In this review, we will summarize the increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the integration site selection of the gammaretrovirus MLV and the lentivirus HIV-1. We will discuss how host factors of the integration site selection of retroviruses may steer the development of safer viral vectors for gene therapy. Next, we will discuss how altering the integration site preference of HIV-1 using small molecules could lead to a cure for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Mekkaoui L, Tejerizo JG, Abreu S, Rubat L, Nikoniuk A, Macmorland W, Horlock C, Matsumoto S, Williams S, Smith K, Price J, Srivastava S, Hussain R, Banani MA, Day W, Stevenson E, Madigan M, Chen J, Khinder R, Miah S, Walker S, Ade-Onojobi M, Domining S, Sillibourne J, Sabatino M, Slepushkin V, Farzaneh F, Pule M. Efficient clinical-grade γ-retroviral vector purification by high-speed centrifugation for CAR T cell manufacturing. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 28:116-128. [PMID: 36620071 PMCID: PMC9808014 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Retroviral vectors (γ-RV) are powerful tools for gene therapy applications. Current clinical vectors are produced from stable producer cell lines which require minimal further downstream processing, while purification schemes for γ-RV produced by transient transfection have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to develop a method to purify transiently produced γ-RV for early clinical studies. Here, we report a simple one-step purification method by high-speed centrifugation for γ-RV produced by transient transfection for clinical application. High-speed centrifugation enabled the concentration of viral titers in the range of 107-108 TU/mL with >80% overall recovery. Analysis of research-grade concentrated vector revealed sufficient reduction in product- and process-related impurities. Furthermore, product characterization of clinical-grade γ-RV by BioReliance demonstrated two-logs lower impurities per transducing unit compared with regulatory authority-approved stable producer cell line vector for clinical application. In terms of CAR T cell manufacturing, clinical-grade γ-RV produced by transient transfection and purified by high-speed centrifugation was similar to γ-RV produced from a clinical-grade stable producer cell line. This method will be of value for studies using γ-RV to bridge vector supply between early- and late-stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mekkaoui
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Jose G. Tejerizo
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Sara Abreu
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Lydie Rubat
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | | | | | - Claire Horlock
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Sofia Matsumoto
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Sarah Williams
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Koval Smith
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Juliet Price
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Saket Srivastava
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Rehan Hussain
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | | | - William Day
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Elena Stevenson
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Meghan Madigan
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jie Chen
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ravin Khinder
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Shahed Miah
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Michael Ade-Onojobi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sabine Domining
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | | | | | | | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
- Deparment of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Corresponding author: Martin Pule, Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK.
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3
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Efficient Pseudotyping of Different Retroviral Vectors Using a Novel, Codon-Optimized Gene for Chimeric GALV Envelope. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081471. [PMID: 34452336 PMCID: PMC8402753 DOI: 10.3390/v13081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus envelope protein (GALV-Env) mediates efficient transduction of human cells, particularly primary B and T lymphocytes, and is therefore of great interest in gene therapy. Using internal domains from murine leukemia viruses (MLV), chimeric GALV-Env proteins such as GALV-C4070A were derived, which allow pseudotyping of lentiviral vectors. In order to improve expression efficiency and vector titers, we developed a codon-optimized (co) variant of GALV-C4070A (coGALV-Env). We found that coGALV-Env mediated efficient pseudotyping not only of γ-retroviral and lentiviral vectors, but also α-retroviral vectors. The obtained titers on HEK293T cells were equal to those with the classical GALV-Env, whereas the required plasmid amounts for transient vector production were significantly lower, namely, 20 ng coGALV-Env plasmid per 106 293T producer cells. Importantly, coGALV-Env-pseudotyped γ- and α-retroviral, as well as lentiviral vectors, mediated efficient transduction of primary human T cells. We propose that the novel chimeric coGALV-Env gene will be very useful for the efficient production of high-titer vector preparations, e.g., to equip human T cells with novel specificities using transgenic TCRs or CARs. The considerably lower amount of plasmid needed might also result in a significant cost advantage for good manufacturing practice (GMP) vector production based on transient transfection.
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4
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Efficient Genetic Safety Switches for Future Application of iPSC-Derived Cell Transplants. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060565. [PMID: 34204193 PMCID: PMC8234706 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell products hold great promise as a potential cell source in personalized medicine. As concerns about the potential risk of graft-related severe adverse events, such as tumor formation from residual pluripotent cells, currently restrict their applicability, we established an optimized tool for therapeutic intervention that allows drug-controlled, specific and selective ablation of either iPSCs or the whole graft through genetic safety switches. To identify the best working system, different tools for genetic iPSC modification, promoters to express safety switches and different safety switches were combined. Suicide effects were slightly stronger when the suicide gene was delivered through lentiviral (LV) vectors compared to integration into the AAVS1 locus through TALEN technology. An optimized HSV-thymidine kinase and the inducible Caspase 9 both mediated drug-induced, efficient in vitro elimination of transgene-positive iPSCs. Choice of promoter allowed selective elimination of distinct populations within the graft: the hOct4 short response element restricted transgene expression to iPSCs, while the CAGs promoter ubiquitously drove expression in iPSCs and their progeny. Remarkably, both safety switches were able to prevent in vivo teratoma development and even effectively eliminated established teratomas formed by LV CAGs-transgenic iPSCs. These optimized tools to increase safety provide an important step towards clinical application of iPSC-derived transplants.
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5
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Morgan MA, Galla M, Grez M, Fehse B, Schambach A. Retroviral gene therapy in Germany with a view on previous experience and future perspectives. Gene Ther 2021; 28:494-512. [PMID: 33753908 PMCID: PMC8455336 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy can be used to restore cell function in monogenic disorders or to endow cells with new capabilities, such as improved killing of cancer cells, expression of suicide genes for controlled elimination of cell populations, or protection against chemotherapy or viral infection. While gene therapies were originally most often used to treat monogenic diseases and to improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome, the advent of genetically modified immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells, has contributed to the increased numbers of patients treated with gene and cell therapies. The advancement of gene therapy with integrating retroviral vectors continues to depend upon world-wide efforts. As the topic of this special issue is "Spotlight on Germany," the goal of this review is to provide an overview of contributions to this field made by German clinical and research institutions. Research groups in Germany made, and continue to make, important contributions to the development of gene therapy, including design of vectors and transduction protocols for improved cell modification, methods to assess gene therapy vector efficacy and safety (e.g., clonal imbalance, insertion sites), as well as in the design and conduction of clinical gene therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Morgan
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel Grez
- grid.418483.20000 0001 1088 7029Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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6
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Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Cosset FL, Verhoeyen E. Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes: Precious Tools to Improve Gene Modification of Hematopoietic Cells for Research and Gene Therapy. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091016. [PMID: 32933033 PMCID: PMC7551254 DOI: 10.3390/v12091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have been repurposed into tools for gene delivery by transforming them into viral vectors. The most frequently used vectors are lentiviral vectors (LVs), derived from the human immune deficiency virus allowing efficient gene transfer in mammalian cells. They represent one of the safest and most efficient treatments for monogenic diseases affecting the hematopoietic system. LVs are modified with different viral envelopes (pseudotyping) to alter and improve their tropism for different primary cell types. The vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) is commonly used for pseudotyping as it enhances gene transfer into multiple hematopoietic cell types. However, VSV-G pseudotyped LVs are not able to confer efficient transduction in quiescent blood cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), B and T cells. To solve this problem, VSV-G can be exchanged for other heterologous viral envelopes glycoproteins, such as those from the Measles virus, Baboon endogenous retrovirus, Cocal virus, Nipah virus or Sendai virus. Here, we provide an overview of how these LV pseudotypes improved transduction efficiency of HSC, B, T and natural killer (NK) cells, underlined by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating how pseudotyped LVs deliver therapeutic genes or gene editing tools to treat different genetic diseases and efficiently generate CAR T cells for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France;
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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7
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8
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Schott JW, León-Rico D, Ferreira CB, Buckland KF, Santilli G, Armant MA, Schambach A, Cavazza A, Thrasher AJ. Enhancing Lentiviral and Alpharetroviral Transduction of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Clinical Application. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:134-147. [PMID: 31338385 PMCID: PMC6629974 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo retroviral gene transfer into CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has demonstrated remarkable clinical success in gene therapy for monogenic hematopoietic disorders. However, little attention has been paid to enhancement of culture and transduction conditions to achieve reliable effects across patient and disease contexts and to maximize potential vector usage and reduce treatment cost. We systematically tested three HSPC culture media manufactured to cGMP and eight previously described transduction enhancers (TEs) to develop a state-of-the-art clinically applicable protocol. Six TEs enhanced lentiviral (LV) and five TEs facilitated alpharetroviral (ARV) CD34+ HSPC transduction when used alone. Combinatorial TE application tested with LV vectors yielded more potent effects, with up to a 5.6-fold increase in total expression of a reporter gene and up to a 3.8-fold increase in VCN. Application of one of the most promising combinations, the poloxamer LentiBOOST and protamine sulfate, for GMP-compliant manufacturing of a clinical-grade advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) increased total VCN by over 6-fold, with no major changes in global gene expression profiles or inadvertent loss of CD34+CD90+ HSPC populations. Application of these defined culture and transduction conditions is likely to significantly improve ex vivo gene therapy manufacturing protocols for HSPCs and downstream clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane W Schott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diego León-Rico
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Carolina B Ferreira
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Karen F Buckland
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Giorgia Santilli
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Myriam A Armant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Axel Schambach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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9
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Morgan MA, Schambach A. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: Extending Translation from Liquid to Solid Tumors. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1083-1097. [PMID: 30156435 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells designed to target and eradicate CD19+ lymphomas has emboldened scientists and physicians worldwide to explore the possibility of applying CAR T-cell technology to other tumor entities, including solid tumors. Next-generation strategies such as fourth-generation CARs (CAR T cells redirected for universal cytokine killing, also known as TRUCKs) designed to deliver immunomodulatory cytokines to the tumor microenvironment, dual CAR designs to improve tumor control, inclusion of suicide genes as safety switches, and precision genome editing are currently being investigated. One major ongoing goal is to determine how best to generate CAR T cells that modulate the tumor microenvironment, overcome tumor survival mechanisms, and thus allow broader applicability as universal allogeneic T-cell therapeutics. Development of state-of-the-art and beyond viral vector systems to deliver designer CARs coupled with targeted genome editing is expected to generate more effective off-the-shelf CAR T cells with activity against a greater number of cancer types and importantly solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Morgan
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany .,3 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Aranyossy T, Thielecke L, Glauche I, Fehse B, Cornils K. Genetic Barcodes Facilitate Competitive Clonal Analyses In Vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 28:926-937. [PMID: 28847169 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the fate of individual cell clones is an important task to better understand normal tissue regeneration, for example after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, but also cancerogenesis. Based on their integration into the host cell's genome, retroviral vectors are commonly used to stably mark target cells and their progeny. The development of genetic barcoding techniques has opened new possibilities to determine clonal composition and dynamics in great detail. A modular genetic barcode was recently introduced consisting of 32 variable positions (BC32) with a customized backbone, and its advantages were demonstrated with regard to barcode calling and quantification. The study presented applied the BC32 system in a complex in vivo situation, namely to analyze clonal reconstitution dynamics for HSC grafts consisting of up to three cell populations with distinguishable barcodes using different alpha- and lentiviral vectors. In a competitive transplantation setup, it was possible to follow the differently marked cell populations within individual animals. This enabled the clonal contribution of the different BC32 constructs during reconstitution and long-term hematopoiesis in the peripheral blood and the spatial distribution in bone marrow and spleen to be identified. Thus, it was demonstrated that the system allows the output of individually marked cells to be tracked in vivo and their influence on clonal dynamics to be analyzed. Successful application of the BC32 system in a complex, competitive in vivo situation provided proof-of-principle that its high complexity and the large Hamming distance between individual barcodes, combined with the easy customization, facilitate efficient and precise quantification, even without prior knowledge of individual barcode sequences. Importantly, simultaneous high-sensitivity analyses of different cell populations in single animals may significantly reduce numbers of animals required to investigate specific scientific questions in accordance with RRR principles. It is concluded that this BC32 system will be excellently suited for various research applications in regenerative medicine and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aranyossy
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Thielecke
- 2 Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- 2 Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cornils
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,3 Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Division Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,4 Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Ngom M, Imren S, Maetzig T, Adair JE, Knapp DJHF, Chagraoui J, Fares I, Bordeleau ME, Sauvageau G, Leboulch P, Eaves C, Humphries RK. UM171 Enhances Lentiviral Gene Transfer and Recovery of Primitive Human Hematopoietic Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:156-164. [PMID: 30101153 PMCID: PMC6077133 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced gene transfer efficiencies and higher yields of transplantable transduced human hematopoietic stem cells are continuing goals for improving clinical protocols that use stemcell-based gene therapies. Here, we examined the effect of the HSC agonist UM171 on these endpoints in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Using a 22-hr transduction protocol, we found that UM171 significantly enhances both the lentivirus-mediated transduction and yield of CD34+ and CD34+CD45RA- hematopoietic cells from human cord blood to give a 6-fold overall higher recovery of transduced hematopoietic stem cells, including cells with long-term lympho-myeloid repopulating activity in immunodeficient mice. The ability of UM171 to enhance gene transfer to primitive cord blood hematopoietic cells extended to multiple lentiviral pseudotypes, gamma retroviruses, and non-integrating lentiviruses and to adult bone marrow cells. UM171, thus, provides an interesting reagent for improving the ex vivo production of gene-modified cells and for reducing requirements of virus for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Ngom
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Suzan Imren
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Tobias Maetzig
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David J H F Knapp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jalila Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Iman Fares
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Bordeleau
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Stem Cells, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- Atomic and Alternative Energy Commission, Université Paris-Sud, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connie Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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12
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Detailed comparison of retroviral vectors and promoter configurations for stable and high transgene expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene Ther 2017; 24:298-307. [PMID: 28346436 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Correction of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) upon gene delivery through retroviral vectors offers new treatment perspectives for monogenetic diseases. Gene-modified iPSC clones can be screened for safe integration sites and differentiated into transplantable cells of interest. However, the current bottleneck is epigenetic vector silencing. In order to identify the most suitable retroviral expression system in iPSC, we systematically compared vectors from different retroviral genera, different promoters and their combination with ubiquitous chromatin opening elements (UCOE), and several envelope pseudotypes. Lentiviral vectors (LV) pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein were superior to gammaretroviral and alpharetroviral vectors and other envelopes tested. The elongation factor 1α short (EFS) promoter mediated the most robust expression, whereas expression levels were lower from the potent but more silencing-prone spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) promoter. Both full-length (A2UCOE) and minimal (CBX3) UCOE juxtaposed to two physiological and one viral promoter reduced transgene silencing with equal efficiency. However, a promoter-specific decline in expression levels was not entirely prevented. Upon differentiation of transgene-positive iPSC into endothelial cells, A2UCOE.EFS and CBX3.EFS vectors maintained highest transgene expression in a larger fraction of cells as compared with all other constructs tested here. The function of UCOE diminished, but did not fully counteract, vector silencing and possibilities for improvements remain. Nevertheless, the CBX3.EFS in a LV background exhibited the most promising promoter and vector configuration for both high titer production and long-term genetic modification of human iPSC and their progeny.
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Abstract
Advances in molecular technologies have led to the discovery of many disease-related genetic mutations as well as elucidation of aberrant gene and protein expression patterns in several human diseases, including cancer. This information has driven the development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as the utilization of small molecules to target specific cellular pathways and the use of retroviral vectors to retarget immune cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Retroviral-mediated gene transfer has allowed efficient production of T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which have demonstrated marked success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. As a safety point, these modified cells can be outfitted with suicide genes. Customized gene editing tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated nucleases (CRISPR-Cas9), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), or TAL-effector nucleases (TALENs), may also be combined with retroviral delivery to specifically delete oncogenes, inactivate oncogenic signaling pathways, or deliver wild-type genes. Additionally, the feasibility of retroviral gene transfer strategies to protect the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from the dose-limiting toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was demonstrated. While some of these approaches have yet to be translated into clinical application, the potential implications for improved cellular replacement therapies to enhance and/or support the current treatment modalities are enormous.
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