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Biswas N, Bahr A, Howard J, Bonin JL, Grazda R, MacNamara KC. Survivors of polymicrobial sepsis are refractory to G-CSF-induced emergency myelopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38608679 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors exhibit immune dysfunction, hematological changes, and increased risk of infection. The long-term impacts of sepsis on hematopoiesis were analyzed using a surgical model of murine sepsis, resulting in 50% survival. During acute disease, phenotypic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were reduced in the bone marrow (BM), concomitant with increased myeloid colony-forming units and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Upon recovery, BM HSPCs were increased and exhibited normal function in the context of transplantation. To evaluate hematopoietic responses in sepsis survivors, we treated recovered sham and cecal ligation and puncture mice with a mobilizing regimen of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at day 20 post-surgery. Sepsis survivors failed to undergo emergency myelopoiesis and HSPC mobilization in response to G-CSF administration. G-CSF is produced in response to acute infection and injury to expedite the production of innate immune cells; therefore, our findings contribute to a new understanding of how sepsis predisposes to subsequent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Amber Bahr
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer Howard
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jesse L Bonin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Rachel Grazda
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Katherine C MacNamara
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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2
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Guo Q, Zhang J, Parikh K, Brinkley A, Lin S, Zakarian C, Pernet O, Shimizu S, Khamaikawin W, Hacke K, Kasahara N, An DS. In vivo selection of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to enhance engraftment and HIV-1 inhibition. Mol Ther 2024; 32:384-394. [PMID: 38087779 PMCID: PMC10862071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based anti-HIV-1 gene therapy holds great promise to eradicate HIV-1 or to provide long-term remission through a continuous supply of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified cells without ongoing antiretroviral therapy. However, achieving sufficient engraftment levels of anti-HIV gene-modified HSPC to provide therapeutic efficacy has been a major limitation. Here, we report an in vivo selection strategy for anti-HIV-1 gene-modified HSPC by introducing 6-thioguanine (6TG) chemoresistance through knocking down hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) expression using RNA interference (RNAi). We developed a lentiviral vector capable of co-expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against HPRT alongside two anti-HIV-1 genes: shRNA targeting HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 and a membrane-anchored HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, C46, for efficient in vivo selection of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified human HSPC. 6TG-mediated preconditioning and in vivo selection significantly enhanced engraftment of HPRT-knockdown anti-HIV-1 gene-modified cells (>2-fold, p < 0.0001) in humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (huBLT) mice. Viral load was significantly reduced (>1 log fold, p < 0.001) in 6TG-treated HIV-1-infected huBLT mice compared to 6TG-untreated mice. We demonstrated that 6TG-mediated preconditioning and in vivo selection considerably improved engraftment of HPRT-knockdown anti-HIV-1 gene-modified HSPC and repopulation of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified hematopoietic cells in huBLT mice, allowing for efficient HIV-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keval Parikh
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Brinkley
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samantha Lin
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christina Zakarian
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Olivier Pernet
- Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Saki Shimizu
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Katrin Hacke
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- UCSF, Neurological Surgery, Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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3
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Hammad R, Alzubi J, Rhiel M, Chmielewski KO, Mosti L, Rositzka J, Heugel M, Lawrenz J, Pennucci V, Gläser B, Fischer J, Schambach A, Moritz T, Lachmann N, Cornu TI, Mussolino C, Schäfer R, Cathomen T. CRISPR-Cas12a for Highly Efficient and Marker-Free Targeted Integration in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:985. [PMID: 38256061 PMCID: PMC10816062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas12a platform has attracted interest in the genome editing community because the prototypical Acidaminococcus Cas12a generates a staggered DNA double-strand break upon binding to an AT-rich protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM, 5'-TTTV). The broad application of the platform in primary human cells was enabled by the development of an engineered version of the natural Cas12a protein, called Cas12a Ultra. In this study, we confirmed that CRISPR-Cas12a Ultra ribonucleoprotein complexes enabled allelic gene disruption frequencies of over 90% at multiple target sites in human T cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In addition, we demonstrated, for the first time, the efficient knock-in potential of the platform in human iPSCs and achieved targeted integration of a GFP marker gene into the AAVS1 safe harbor site and a CSF2RA super-exon into CSF2RA in up to 90% of alleles without selection. Clonal analysis revealed bi-allelic integration in >50% of the screened iPSC clones without compromising their pluripotency and genomic integrity. Thus, in combination with the adeno-associated virus vector system, CRISPR-Cas12a Ultra provides a highly efficient genome editing platform for performing targeted knock-ins in human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Hammad
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg iPS Core Facility, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- PhD Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jamal Alzubi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rhiel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kay O. Chmielewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- PhD Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Mosti
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rositzka
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Heugel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Lawrenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Pennucci
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.G.); (J.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.S.); (T.M.)
- REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.S.); (T.M.)
- REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Nico Lachmann
- REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tatjana I. Cornu
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg iPS Core Facility, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (R.H.); (J.A.); (M.R.); (K.O.C.); (L.M.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (V.P.); (T.I.C.); (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Hara T, Terakawa T, Okamura Y, Bando Y, Furukawa J, Harada K, Nakano Y, Fujisawa M. Real-world analysis of metastatic prostate cancer demonstrates increased frequency of PSA-imaging discordance with visceral metastases and upfront ARAT/docetaxel therapy. Prostate 2023; 83:1270-1278. [PMID: 37316357 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the background and treatment course of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PC), with a particular focus on radiographic progression in the absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression. METHODS The study population consisted of 229 patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC), who received prostate biopsy and androgen deprivation therapy at Kobe University Hospital between January 2008 and June 2022. Clinical characteristics were retrospectively evaluated using medical records. PSA progression-free status was defined as ≤1.05 times greater than that from 3 months before. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify parameters associated with time to progression on imaging without PSA elevation. RESULTS A total of 227 patients with metastatic HSPC without neuroendocrine PC were identified. The median follow-up period was 38.0 months, with a median overall survival of 94.9 months. Six patients exhibited disease progression on imaging without PSA elevation during HSPC treatment, three during first-line castration-resistant PC (CRPC) treatment, and two during late-line CRPC treatment. The rate of disease progression without PSA elevation at 3 years after treatment initiation was 7.4%. Multivariate analysis revealed that organ metastases and upfront treatment with docetaxel or androgen receptor axis-targeted therapy were independent prognostic factors for imaging progression without PSA elevation. CONCLUSIONS Disease progression on imaging without PSA elevation occurred not only during HSPC treatment and first-line CRPC treatment, but also during late-line CRPC treatment. Patients with visceral metastases or those treated with upfront androgen receptor axis-targeted or docetaxel may be more prone to such progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Hara
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Terakawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Okamura
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukari Bando
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junya Furukawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuzo Nakano
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Colella P, Meneghini V, Baldo G, Gomez-Ospina N. Editorial: Ex-vivo and in-vivo genome engineering for metabolic and neurometabolic diseases. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1248904. [PMID: 37484653 PMCID: PMC10359423 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1248904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Li H, Luo Q, Cai S, Tie R, Meng Y, Shan W, Xu Y, Zeng X, Qian P, Huang H. Glia maturation factor-γ is required for initiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:117. [PMID: 37122014 PMCID: PMC10150485 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vertebrates, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) emerge from hemogenic endothelium in the floor of the dorsal aorta and subsequently migrate to secondary niches where they expand and differentiate into committed lineages. Glia maturation factor γ (gmfg) is a key regulator of actin dynamics that was shown to be highly expressed in hematopoietic tissue. Our goal is to investigate the role and mechanism of gmfg in embryonic HSPC development. METHODS In-depth bioinformatics analysis of our published RNA-seq data identified gmfg as a cogent candidate gene implicated in HSPC development. Loss and gain-of-function strategies were applied to study the biological function of gmfg. Whole-mount in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and western blotting were used to evaluate changes in the number of various hematopoietic cells and expression levels of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and hematopoietic-related markers. RNA-seq was performed to screen signaling pathways responsible for gmfg deficiency-induced defects in HSPC initiation. The effect of gmfg on YAP sublocalization was assessed in vitro by utilizing HUVEC cell line. RESULTS We took advantage of zebrafish embryos to illustrate that loss of gmfg impaired HSPC initiation and maintenance. In gmfg-deficient embryos, the number of hemogenic endothelium and HSPCs was significantly reduced, with the accompanying decreased number of erythrocytes, myelocytes and lymphocytes. We found that blood flow modulates gmfg expression and gmfg overexpression could partially rescue the reduction of HSPCs in the absence of blood flow. Assays in zebrafish and HUVEC showed that gmfg deficiency suppressed the activity of YAP, a well-established blood flow mediator, by preventing its shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus. During HSPC initiation, loss of gmfg resulted in Notch inactivation and the induction of Notch intracellular domain could partially restore the HSPC loss in gmfg-deficient embryos. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that gmfg mediates blood flow-induced HSPC maintenance via regulation of YAP, and contributes to HSPC initiation through the modulation of Notch signaling. Our findings reveal a brand-new aspect of gmfg function and highlight a novel mechanism for embryonic HSPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
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Dausinas Ni P, Hartman M, Slack J, Basile C, Liu S, Wan J, O'Leary HA. Novel differential calcium regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under physiological low oxygen conditions. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37051890 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen bone marrow (BM) niches (~1%-4% low O2 ) provide critical signals for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HSPCs). Our presented data are the first to investigate live, sorted HSC/HSPCs in their native low O2 conditions. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis uncovered differential Ca2+ regulation that correlated with overlapping phenotypic populations consisting of robust increases of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ , ABC transporter (ABCG2) expression and sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE1) expression in live, HSC/HSPCs remaining in constant low O2. We identified a novel Ca2+ high population in HSPCs predominantly detected in low O2 that displayed enhanced frequency of phenotypic LSK/LSKCD150 in low O2 replating assays compared to Ca2+ low populations. Inhibition of the Ca2+ regulator NHE1 (Cariporide) resulted in attenuation of both the low O2 induced Ca2+ high population and subsequent enhanced maintenance of phenotypic LSK and LSKCD150 during low O2 replating. These data reveal multiple levels of differential Ca2+ regulation in low O2 resulting in phenotypic, signaling, and functional consequences in HSC/HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Dausinas Ni
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa Hartman
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jacob Slack
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Heather A O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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8
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Jing CB, Prutsch N, He S, Zimmerman MW, Landesman Y, Look AT. Synthetic lethal targeting of TET2-mutant haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by XPO1 inhibitors. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:489-501. [PMID: 36746437 PMCID: PMC10121884 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TET2 inactivating mutations serve as initiating genetic lesions in the transformation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In this study, we analysed known drugs in zebrafish embryos for their ability to selectively kill tet2-mutant HSPCs in vivo. We found that the exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors, selinexor and eltanexor, selectively kill tet2-mutant HSPCs. In serial replating colony assays, these small molecules were selectively active in killing murine Tet2-deficient Lineage-, Sca1+, Kit+ (LSK) cells, and also TET2-inactivated human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. Selective killing of TET2-mutant HSPCs and human AML cells by these inhibitors was due to increased levels of apoptosis, without evidence of DNA damage based on increased γH2AX expression. The finding that TET2 loss renders HSPCs and AML cells selectively susceptible to cell death induced by XPO1 inhibitors provides preclinical evidence of the selective activity of these drugs, justifying further clinical studies of these small molecules for the treatment of TET2-mutant haematopoietic malignancies, and to suppress clonal expansion in age-related TET2-mutant clonal haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bin Jing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Prutsch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuning He
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Wu J, Li J, Chen K, Liu G, Zhou Y, Chen W, Zhu X, Ni TT, Zhang B, Jin D, Li D, Kang L, Wu Y, Zhu P, Xie P, Zhong TP. Atf7ip and Setdb1 interaction orchestrates the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell state with diverse lineage differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209062120. [PMID: 36577070 PMCID: PMC9910619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells with expansion, differentiation, and repopulation capacities. How HSPCs orchestrate the stemness state with diverse lineage differentiation at steady condition or acute stress remains largely unknown. Here, we show that zebrafish mutants that are deficient in an epigenetic regulator Atf7ip or Setdb1 methyltransferase undergo excessive myeloid differentiation with impaired HSPC expansion, manifesting a decline in T cells and erythroid lineage. We find that Atf7ip regulates hematopoiesis through Setdb1-mediated H3K9me3 modification and chromatin remodeling. During hematopoiesis, the interaction of Atf7ip and Setdb1 triggers H3K9me3 depositions in hematopoietic regulatory genes including cebpβ and cdkn1a, preventing HSPCs from loss of expansion and premature differentiation into myeloid lineage. Concomitantly, loss of Atf7ip or Setdb1 derepresses retrotransposons that instigate the viral sensor Mda5/Rig-I like receptor (RLR) signaling, leading to stress-driven myelopoiesis and inflammation. We find that ATF7IP or SETDB1 depletion represses human leukemic cell growth and induces myeloid differentiation with retrotransposon-triggered inflammation. These findings establish that Atf7ip/Setdb1-mediated H3K9me3 deposition constitutes a genome-wide checkpoint that impedes the myeloid potential and maintains HSPC stemness for diverse blood cell production, providing unique insights into potential intervention in hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Kang Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Guolong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Terri T. Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Daqing Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Lan Kang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong510100, China
| | - Peng Xie
- SEU-ALLEN Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210096, China
| | - Tao P. Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai200241, China
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10
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Singh P. MSC and HSPC Coculture: Mimicking Ex Vivo Bone Marrow Niche. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2567:181-189. [PMID: 36255702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2679-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the crucial component of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) niche in the bone marrow. Therefore, an ex vivo culture system that recapitulates the marrow microenvironment is important to understanding the niche's regulatory role on HSPC function and improving ex vivo HSPC expansion for clinical transplantation. Herein, a procedure for ex vivo expansion of MSCs from human bone marrow cells and their identification and characterization is described. In addition, a protocol for MSC and HSPC coculture assay is presented. This MSC-HSPC coculture assay can be used for ex vivo expansion of HSPC. Furthermore, this assay is also useful for qualitative analysis of MSCs capable of supporting hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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11
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Qiu HY, Ji RJ, Zhang Y. Current advances of CRISPR-Cas technology in cell therapy. Cell Insight 2022; 1:100067. [PMID: 37193354 PMCID: PMC10120314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas is a versatile genome editing technology that has been broadly applied in both basic research and translation medicine. Ever since its discovery, the bacterial derived endonucleases have been engineered to a collection of robust genome-editing tools for introducing frameshift mutations or base conversions at site-specific loci. Since the initiation of first-in-human trial in 2016, CRISPR-Cas has been tested in 57 cell therapy trials, 38 of which focusing on engineered CAR-T cells and TCR-T cells for cancer malignancies, 15 trials of engineered hematopoietic stem cells treating hemoglobinopathies, leukemia and AIDS, and 4 trials of engineered iPSCs for diabetes and cancer. Here, we aim to review the recent breakthroughs of CRISPR technology and highlight their applications in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yuan Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui-Jin Ji
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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12
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Yuen KC, Tran B, Anton A, Hamidi H, Costello AJ, Corcoran NM, Lawrentschuk N, Rainey N, Semira MCG, Gibbs P, Mariathasan S, Sandhu S, Kadel EE. Molecular classification of hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer, using nonnegative matrix factorization molecular subtyping of primary and metastatic specimens. Prostate 2022; 82:993-1002. [PMID: 35435276 PMCID: PMC9321082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape, immunotherapy has demonstrated limited activity in prostate cancer. A greater understanding of the molecular landscape, particularly the expression of immune-related pathways, will inform future immunotherapeutic strategies. Consensus nonnegative matrix factorization (cNMF) is a novel model of molecular classification analyzing gene expression data, focusing on biological interpretation of metagenes and selecting meaningful clusters. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify molecular subtypes of prostate cancer using cNMF and correlate these with existing biomarkers to inform future immunotherapeutic strategies. METHODS A cohort of archival tumor specimens from hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant disease was studied. Whole transcriptomic profiles were generated using TruSeq RNA Access technology and subjected to cNMF. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed with the FoundationOne assay. NMF subtypes were characterized by gene expression pathways, genomic alterations and correlated with clinical data, then applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. RESULTS We studied 164 specimens, including 52 castration-resistant and 13 paired primary/metastatic specimens. cNMF identified four distinct subtypes. NMF1 (19%) is enriched for immune-related and stromal-related pathways with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signature. NMF2 (36%) is associated with FOXO-mediated transcription signature and AKT signaling, NMF3 (26%) is enriched for ribosomal RNA processing, while NMF4 (19%) is enriched for cell cycle and DNA-repair pathways. The most common gene alterations included TMPRSS22 (42%), TP53 (23%), and DNA-repair genes (19%), occurring across all subtypes. NMF4 is significantly enriched for MYC and Wnt-signaling gene alterations. TMB, CD8 density, and PD-L1 expression were low overall. NMF1 and NMF4 were NMF2 was associated with superior overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Using cNMF, we identified four molecularly distinct subtypes which may inform treatment selection. NMF1 demonstrates the most inflammatory signature with asuppressive TGFβ signature, suggesting potential benefit with immunotherapy combination strategies targeting TGFβ and PD-(L)1. Prospective studies are required to evaluate the use of this novel model to molecularly stratify patients for optimal treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobe C. Yuen
- Department of Oncology Biomarker DevelopmentGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ben Tran
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Angelyn Anton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Eastern HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Habib Hamidi
- Department of Oncology Biomarker DevelopmentGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony J. Costello
- Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of SurgeryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Prostate CentreNorth MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of SurgeryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of SurgeryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Natalie Rainey
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marie C. G. Semira
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sanjeev Mariathasan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker DevelopmentGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edward E. Kadel
- Department of Oncology Biomarker DevelopmentGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Shim SH, Tufa D, Woods R, George TD, Shank T, Yingst A, Lake J, Cobb L, Jones D, Jones K, Verneris MR. SAHA Enhances Differentiation of CD34+CD45+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells Concomitant with an Increase in Hemogenic Endothelium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:513-526. [PMID: 35349707 PMCID: PMC9154343 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is an important process during hematopoietic cell differentiation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have previously been shown to enhance expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the effect of HDAC inhibitors on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in this context is less understood. For years, investigators have considered PSC-derived natural killer (NK) and T-cell therapies. These "off-the-shelf" cellular therapies are now entering the clinic. However, the in vitro commitment of PSCs to the hematopoietic lineage is inefficient and represents a major bottleneck. We investigated whether HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) influence human PSC differentiation into CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), focusing on hemogenic endothelium (HE). Pluripotent stem cells cultured in the presence of HDACi showed a 2-5 times increase in HSPCs. Concurrent with this, HDACi-treated PSCs increased expression of 7 transcription factors (HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXA10, RUNX1, ERG, SPI1, and LCOR) recently shown to convert HE to HSPCs. ChIP-qPCR showed that SAHA upregulated acetylated-H3 at the promoter region of the above key genes. SAHA-treated human PSC-derived CD34+CD45+ cells showed primary engraftment in immunodeficient mice, but not serial transplantation. We further demonstrate that SAHA-derived HSPCs could differentiate into functional NK cells in vitro. The addition of SAHA is an easy and effective approach to overcoming the bottleneck in the transition from PSC to HSPCs for "off-the-shelf" cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hui Shim
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dejene Tufa
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Renee Woods
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trahan D George
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tyler Shank
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashley Yingst
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Cobb
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dallas Jones
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Montel-Hagen A, Tsai S, Seet CS, Crooks GM. Generation of Artificial Thymic Organoids from Human and Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e403. [PMID: 35384408 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The generation of T cells is a complex, carefully orchestrated process that occurs in the thymus. The ability to mimic T cell differentiation in vitro has opened up avenues to better understand different stages of thymopoiesis but has also enabled the in vitro production of mature T cells suitable for immunotherapy. Among existing protocols, the artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system has been shown to be the most efficient at producing mature conventional T cells. In this serum-free model, human or murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are combined with a murine stromal cell line expressing a Notch ligand in a 3D cell aggregate. In ATOs, although only simple medium changes are required throughout the cultures, HSPCs differentiate into T cells with kinetics and phenotypes similar to those of endogenous thymopoiesis. This article describes protocols for the generation of ATOs from human and murine HSPCs. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Expansion and preparation of MS5-hDLL4 or MS5-mDLL4 cells Basic Protocol 2: Isolation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs; CD34+ cells) Support Protocol 1: Transduction of human HSPCs (CD34+ cells) Basic Protocol 3: Production of thymic progenitors and mature T cells from human HSPCs in artificial thymic organoids (ATOs) Support Protocol 2: Phenotype analysis of human ATO cells by flow cytometry Basic Protocol 4: Isolation of murine HSPCs (Lin- Sca1+ cKit+; LSK) and hematopoietic stem cells (LSK CD150+ CD48-) Basic Protocol 5: Production of thymic progenitors and mature T cells from murine HSPCs in ATOs Support Protocol 3: Phenotype analysis of murine ATO cells by flow cytometry Alternate Protocol: Generation of ATOs from single HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Tsai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Terry VH, Zimmerman GE, Virgilio MC, Painter MM, Bixby D, Collins KL. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells ( HSPCs). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2407:115-154. [PMID: 34985663 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cord blood is a readily available source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) which can be infected with HIV-1 in vitro to produce inducible latently infected cells for reactivation studies. Infected HSPCs can also be found in the setting of clinically undetectable viremia in vivo. Here we describe an in vitro infection model utilizing cord blood derived HSPCs, as well as methods for isolating and characterizing provirus from bone marrow HSPCs from suppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri H Terry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Maria C Virgilio
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark M Painter
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dale Bixby
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen L Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Zeisig BB, Fung TK, Troadec E, So CWE. Reconstruction of Human AML Using Functionally and Immunophenotypically Defined Human Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells as Targeted Populations. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4262. [PMID: 35087921 PMCID: PMC8720524 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogenous blood cancer, in which the expansion of aberrant myeloid blood cells interferes with the generation and function of normal blood cells. Although key driver mutations and their associated inhibitors have been identified in the last decade, they have not been fully translated into better survival rates for AML patients, which remain dismal. In addition to DNA mutation, studies in mouse models strongly suggest that the cell of origin, where the driver mutation (such as MLL fusions) occurs, emerges as an additional factor that determines the treatment outcome in AML. To investigate its functional relevance in human disease, we have recently reported that AML driven by MLL fusions can transform immunophenotypically and functionally distinctive human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or myeloid progenitors resulting in immunophenotypically indistinguishable human AML. Intriguingly, these cells display differential treatment sensitivities to current treatments, attesting the cell of origin as an important determinant governing treatment outcome for AML. To further facilitate this line of investigation, here we describe a comprehensive disease modelling protocol using human primary haematopoietic cells, which covers all the key steps, from the isolation of immunophenotypically defined human primary haematopoietic stem and progenitor populations, to oncogene transfer via viral transduction, the in vitro liquid culture assay, and finally the xenotransplantation into immunocompromised mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd B. Zeisig
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
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17
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Rogers GL, Huang C, Clark RDE, Seclén E, Chen HY, Cannon PM. Optimization of AAV6 transduction enhances site-specific genome editing of primary human lymphocytes. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:198-209. [PMID: 34703842 PMCID: PMC8517001 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV6) is a valuable reagent for genome editing of hematopoietic cells due to its ability to serve as a homology donor template. However, a comprehensive study of AAV6 transduction of hematopoietic cells in culture, with the goal of maximizing ex vivo genome editing, has not been reported. Here, we evaluated how the presence of serum, culture volume, transduction time, and electroporation parameters could influence AAV6 transduction. Based on these results, we identified an optimized protocol for genome editing of human lymphocytes based on a short, highly concentrated AAV6 transduction in the absence of serum, followed by electroporation with a targeted nuclease. In human CD4+ T cells and B cells, this protocol improved editing rates up to 7-fold and 21-fold, respectively, when compared to standard AAV6 transduction protocols described in the literature. As a result, editing frequencies could be maintained using 50- to 100-fold less AAV6, which also reduced cellular toxicity. Our results highlight the important contribution of cell culture conditions for ex vivo genome editing with AAV6 vectors and provide a blueprint for improving AAV6-mediated homology-directed editing of human T and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert D E Clark
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Seclén
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsu-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula M Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Chen J, Li G, Lian J, Ma N, Huang Z, Li J, Wen Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Slc20a1b is essential for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion in zebrafish. Sci China Life Sci 2021; 64:2186-2201. [PMID: 33751369 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are able to self-renew and can give rise to all blood lineages throughout their lifetime, yet the mechanisms regulating HSPC development have yet to be discovered. In this study, we characterized a hematopoiesis defective zebrafish mutant line named smu07, which was obtained from our previous forward genetic screening, and found the HSPC expansion deficiency in the mutant. Positional cloning identified that slc20a1b, which encodes a sodium phosphate cotransporter, contributed to the smu07 blood phenotype. Further analysis demonstrated that mutation of slc20a1b affects HSPC expansion through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases in a cell-autonomous manner. Our study shows that slc20a1b is a vital regulator for HSPC proliferation in zebrafish early hematopoiesis and provides valuable insights into HSPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakui Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gaofei Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junwei Lian
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Muggeo S, Crisafulli L, Uva P, Fontana E, Ubezio M, Morenghi E, Colombo FS, Rigoni R, Peano C, Vezzoni P, Della Porta MG, Villa A, Ficara F. PBX1-directed stem cell transcriptional program drives tumor progression in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2607-2616. [PMID: 34678207 PMCID: PMC8581051 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PBX1 regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and maintains proto-oncogenic transcriptional pathways in early progenitors. Its increased expression was found in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients bearing the JAK2V617F mutation. To investigate if PBX1 contributes to MPN, and to explore its potential as therapeutic target, we generated the JP mouse strain, in which the human JAK2 mutation is induced in the absence of PBX1. Typical MPN features, such as thrombocythemia and granulocytosis, did not develop without PBX1, while erythrocytosis, initially displayed by JP mice, gradually resolved over time; splenic myeloid metaplasia and in vitro cytokine independent growth were absent upon PBX1 inactivation. The aberrant transcriptome in stem/progenitor cells from the MPN model was reverted by the absence of PBX1, demonstrating that PBX1 controls part of the molecular pathways deregulated by the JAK2V617F mutation. Modulation of the PBX1-driven transcriptional program might represent a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Muggeo
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Laura Crisafulli
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Marta Ubezio
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Core, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosita Rigoni
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Genomic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Vezzoni
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ficara
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
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20
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Lian X, Zhao M, Xia J, He Y, Zhang L. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis of mRNA splicing relevant proteins in aging HSPCs. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:3123-34. [PMID: 32141009 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSPC (hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell) aging was closely associated with the organism aging, senile diseases and hematopoietic related diseases. Therefore, study on HSPC aging is of great significance to further elucidate the mechanisms of aging and to treat hematopoietic disease resulting from HSPC aging. Little attention had been paid to mRNA splicing as a mechanism underlying HSPC senescence. RESULTS We used our lab's patented in vitro aging model of HSPCs to analyze mRNA splicing relevant protein alterations with iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. We found that not only the notable mRNA splicing genes such as SR, hnRNP, WBP11, Sf3b1, Ptbp1 and U2AF1 but also the scarcely reported mRNA splicing relevant genes such as Rbmxl1, Dhx16, Pcbp2, Pabpc1 were significantly down-regulated. We further verified their gene expressions by qRT-PCR. In addition, we reported the effect of Spliceostatin A (SSA), which inhibits mRNA splicing in vivo and in vitro, on HSPC aging. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that mRNA splicing emerged as an important factor for the vulnerability of HSPC aging. This study improved our understanding of the role of mRNA splicing in the HSPC aging process.
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21
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Suryawanshi GW, Arokium H, Kim S, Khamaikawin W, Lin S, Shimizu S, Chupradit K, Lee Y, Xie Y, Guan X, Suryawanshi V, Presson AP, An DS, Chen ISY. Longitudinal clonal tracking in humanized mice reveals sustained polyclonal repopulation of gene-modified human- HSPC despite vector integration bias. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:528. [PMID: 34620229 PMCID: PMC8499514 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current understanding of hematopoiesis is largely derived from mouse models that are physiologically distant from humans. Humanized mice provide the most physiologically relevant small animal model to study human diseases, most notably preclinical gene therapy studies. However, the clonal repopulation dynamics of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in these animal models is only partially understood. Using a new clonal tracking methodology designed for small sample volumes, we aim to reveal the underlying clonal dynamics of human cell repopulation in a mouse environment. Methods Humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (hu-BLT) mice were generated by transplanting lentiviral vector-transduced human fetal liver HSPC (FL-HSPC) in NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice implanted with a piece of human fetal thymus. We developed a methodology to track vector integration sites (VIS) in a mere 25 µl of mouse blood for longitudinal and quantitative clonal analysis of human HSPC repopulation in mouse environment. We explored transcriptional and epigenetic features of human HSPC for possible VIS bias. Results A total of 897 HSPC clones were longitudinally tracked in hu-BLT mice—providing a first-ever demonstration of clonal dynamics and coordinated expansion of therapeutic and control vector-modified human cell populations simultaneously repopulating in the same humanized mice. The polyclonal repopulation stabilized at 19 weeks post-transplant and the contribution of the largest clone doubled within 4 weeks. Moreover, 550 (~ 60%) clones persisted over 6 weeks and were highly shared between different organs. The normal clonal profiles confirmed the safety of our gene therapy vectors. Multi-omics analysis of human FL-HSPC revealed that 54% of vector integrations in repopulating clones occurred within ± 1 kb of H3K36me3-enriched regions. Conclusions Human repopulation in mice is polyclonal and stabilizes more rapidly than that previously observed in humans. VIS preference for H3K36me3 has no apparent negative effects on HSPC repopulation. Our study provides a methodology to longitudinally track clonal repopulation in small animal models extensively used for stem cell and gene therapy research and with lentiviral vectors designed for clinical applications. Results of this study provide a framework for understanding the clonal behavior of human HPSC repopulating in a mouse environment, critical for translating results from humanized mice models to the human settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02601-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra W Suryawanshi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, BSRB, Rm 173, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hubert Arokium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, BSRB, Rm 173, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Samantha Lin
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Saki Shimizu
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - YooJin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, BSRB, Rm 173, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yiming Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, BSRB, Rm 173, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, BSRB, Rm 173, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vasantika Suryawanshi
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Angela P Presson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Dong-Sung An
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Irvin S Y Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, BSRB, Rm 173, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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22
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Sun R, He L, Lee H, Glinka A, Andresen C, Hübschmann D, Jeremias I, Müller-Decker K, Pabst C, Niehrs C. RSPO2 inhibits BMP signaling to promote self-renewal in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109559. [PMID: 34407399 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing cancer, for which chemotherapy remains standard treatment and additional therapeutic targets are requisite. Here, we show that AML cells secrete the stem cell growth factor R-spondin 2 (RSPO2) to promote their self-renewal and prevent cell differentiation. Although RSPO2 is a well-known WNT agonist, we reveal that it maintains AML self-renewal WNT independently, by inhibiting BMP receptor signaling. Autocrine RSPO2 signaling is also required to prevent differentiation and to promote self-renewal in normal hematopoietic stem cells as well as primary AML cells. Comprehensive datamining reveals that RSPO2 expression is elevated in patients with AML of poor prognosis. Consistently, inhibiting RSPO2 prolongs survival in AML mouse xenograft models. Our study indicates that in AML, RSPO2 acts as an autocrine BMP antagonist to promote cancer cell renewal and may serve as a marker for poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lixiazi He
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory-Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyeyoon Lee
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Andresen
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Pabst
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory-Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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23
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Dong Y, Guo C, Zhou W, Li W, Zhang L. Using a new HSPC senescence model in vitro to explore the mechanism of cellular memory in aging HSPCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:444. [PMID: 34365970 PMCID: PMC8351417 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated changes attenuate human blood system functionality through the aging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), manifested in human populations an increase in myeloproliferative disease and even leukemia; therefore, study on HSPC senescence bears great significance to treat hematopoietic-associated disease. Furthermore, the mechanism of HSPC aging is lacking, especially the cellular memory mechanism. Here, we not only reported a new HSPC senescence model in vitro, but also propose and verify the cellular memory mechanism of HSPC aging of the Polycomb/Trithorax system. METHODS HSPCs (Lin-c-kit+ cells) were isolated and purified by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). The proportions and cell cycle distribution of cells were determined by flow cytometry; senescence-related β-galactosidase assay, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and colony-forming unit (CFU)-mix assay were detected for identification of the old HSPC model. Proteomic tests and RNA-seq were applied to analyze differential pathways and genes in the model cells. qPCR, Western blot (WB), and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR (CHIP-PCR) were used to detect the gene expression of cell memory-related proteins. Knockdown of cell memory-related key genes was performed with shRNA interference. RESULTS In the model old HSPCs, β-gal activity, cell cycle, colony-forming ability, aging-related cell morphology, and metabolic pathway were significantly changed compared to the young HSPCs. Furthermore, we found the model HSPCs have more obvious aging manifestations than those of natural mice, and IL3 is the major factor contributing to HSPC aging in the model. We also observed dramatic changes in the expression level of PRC/TrxG complexes. After further exploring the downstream molecules of PRC/TrxG complexes, we found that Uhrf1 and TopII played critical roles in HSPC aging based on the HSPC senescence model. CONCLUSIONS These findings proposed a new HSPC senescence model in vitro which we forecasted could be used to preliminary screen the drugs of the HSPC aging-related hemopathy and suggested cellular memory mechanism of HSPC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpin Dong
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 CaiLun Ave., Pudong, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunni Guo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuxiong Zhou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 CaiLun Ave., Pudong, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 CaiLun Ave., Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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24
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Singh P, Kacena MA, Orschell CM, Pelus LM. Aging-Related Reduced Expression of CXCR4 on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Contributes to Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Defects. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:684-692. [PMID: 32418119 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs the regenerative potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and skews differentiation towards the myeloid lineage. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has recently been suggested to influence HSC aging, however the mechanisms whereby BM stromal cells mediate this effect is unknown. Here we show that aging-associated decreased expression of CXCR4 expression on BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) plays a crucial role in the development of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) aging phenotype. The BM MSC from old mice was sufficient to drive a premature aging phenotype of young HSPC when cultured together ex vivo. The impaired ability of old MSC to support HSPC function is associated with reduced expression of CXCR4 on BM MSC of old mice. Deletion of the CXCR4 gene in young MSC accelerates an aging phenotype in these cells characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, senescence, and reduced proliferation. Culture of HSPC from young mice with CXCR4 deficient MSC also from young mice led to a premature aging phenotype in the young HSPC, as evidenced by reduced hematopoietic regeneration and enhanced myeloid differentiation. Mechanistically, CXCR4 signaling prevents BM MSC dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress, as treatment of old or CXCR4 deficient MSC with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), improved their niche supporting activity, and attenuated the HSPC aging phenotype. Our studies suggest that age-associated reduction in CXCR4 expression on BM MSC impairs hematopoietic niche activity with increased ROS production, driving an HSC aging phenotype. Thus, modulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in MSC may lead to novel interventions to alleviate the age-associated decline in immune/hematopoietic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States.
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States.
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
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25
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Szade A, Szade K, Mahdi M, Józkowicz A. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in hematopoietic system and its microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4639-4651. [PMID: 33787980 PMCID: PMC8195762 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic system transports all necessary nutrients to the whole organism and provides the immunological protection. Blood cells have high turnover, therefore, this system must be dynamically controlled and must have broad regeneration potential. In this review, we summarize how this complex system is regulated by the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-an enzyme, which degrades heme to biliverdin, ferrous ion and carbon monoxide. First, we discuss how HO-1 influences hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self-renewal, aging and differentiation. We also describe a critical role of HO-1 in endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells that constitute the specialized bone marrow niche of HSC. We further discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which HO-1 modulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we highlight how modulation of HO-1 activity regulates the mobilization of bone marrow hematopoietic cells to peripheral blood. We critically discuss the issue of metalloporphyrins, commonly used pharmacological modulators of HO-1 activity, and raise the issue of their important HO-1-independent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mahdi Mahdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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Mollica V, Rizzo A, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Ricci AD, Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Bonucci C, Andrini E, Errani C, Santoni M, Montironi R, Massari F. Bone Targeting Agents in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030546. [PMID: 33535541 PMCID: PMC7867059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the disease course of metastatic prostate cancer, approximately the 90% of patients develops bone metastases, with bone involvement frequently leading to various skeletal complications including pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and pain. Notably enough, the peculiar inclination of prostate cancer cells to seed the bone is considered an important cause of morbidity for prostate cancer patients. Recent years have witnessed the advent of several novel treatments for prostate cancer, and therapeutic paradigms are rapidly shifting. In this review, we aim at giving an overview of current knowledge on the relationship between prostate cancer and bone, especially focusing on the use of bone-targeted agents in this setting. Abstract Bone health represents a major issue in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastases; in fact, the frequently prolonged use of hormonal agents causes important modifications in physiological bone turnover and most of these men will develop skeletal-related events (SREs), including spinal cord compression, pathologic fractures and need for surgery or radiation to bone, which are estimated to occur in almost half of this patient population. In the last decade, several novel therapeutic options have entered into clinical practice of bone metastatic CRPC, with recent approval of enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate, cabazitaxel chemotherapy and radium-223, on the basis of survival benefit suggested by landmark Phase III trials assessing these agents in this setting. Conversely, although bone-targeted agents (BTAs)—such as the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand inhibitor denosumab—are approved for the prevention of SREs, these compounds have not shown benefit in terms of overall survival. However, emerging evidence has suggested that the combination of BTAs and abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and the radiopharmaceutical radium-223 could result in improved clinical outcomes and prolonged survival in bone metastatic CRPC. In this review, we will provide an overview on bone tropism of prostate cancer and on the role of BTAs in metastatic hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Bonucci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisa Andrini
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Costantino Errani
- Department of Musculo–Skeletal Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: or
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Abstract
The adult hematopoietic system is repopulated in its entirety from a rare cell type known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the marrow space throughout the skeletal system. Here we describe the isolation and identification of HSCs both phenotypically and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Frisch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Embryonic definitive hematopoiesis generates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) essential for establishment and maintenance of the adult blood system. This process requires the specification of a subset of vascular endothelial cells to become blood-forming, or hemogenic, and the subsequent endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to generate HSPCs therefrom. The mechanisms that regulate these processes are under intensive investigation, as their recapitulation in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to generate autologous HSPCs for clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of hemogenic endothelial cell development and highlight the molecular events that govern hemogenic specification of vascular endothelial cells and the generation of multilineage HSPCs from hemogenic endothelium. We also discuss the impact of hemogenic endothelial cell development on adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA;
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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29
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic infection that destroys the immune system in infected individuals. Although antiretroviral therapy is effective at preventing infection of new cells, it is not curative. The inability to clear infection is due to the presence of a rare, but long-lasting latent cellular reservoir. These cells harboring silent integrated proviral genomes have the potential to become activated at any moment, making therapy necessary for life. Latently-infected cells can also proliferate and expand the viral reservoir through several methods including homeostatic proliferation and differentiation. The chromosomal location of HIV proviruses within cells influences the survival and proliferative potential of host cells. Proliferating, latently-infected cells can harbor proviruses that are both replication-competent and defective. Replication-competent proviral genomes contribute to viral rebound in an infected individual. The majority of available techniques can only assess the integration site or the proviral genome, but not both, preventing reliable evaluation of HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Virgilio
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Collins
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Emiloju OE, Potdar R, Jorge V, Gupta S, Varadi G. Clinical Advancement and Challenges of ex vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood Cells. Clin Hematol Int 2019; 2:18-26. [PMID: 34595439 PMCID: PMC8432338 DOI: 10.2991/chi.d.191121.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC), umbilical cord blood (UCB) is now a recognized source of stem cells for transplantation. UCB is an especially important source of stem cells for minority populations, which would otherwise be unable to find appropriately matched adult donors. UCB has fewer mature T lymphocytes compared with peripheral blood, thus making a UCB transplantation (UCBT) with a greater degree of HLA mismatch possible. The limited cell dose per UCB sample is however associated with delayed engraftment and a higher risk of graft failure, especially in adult recipients. This lower cell dose can be optimized by performing double unit UCBT, ex vivo UCB expansion prior to transplant and enhancement of the capabilities of the stem cells to home to the bone marrow. UCB contains naïve and immature T cells, thus posing significant challenges with increased risk of infections, graft versus host diseases (GVHD) and relapse following UCBT. Cell engineering techniques have been developed to circumnavigate the immaturity of the T cells, and include virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (VSTs), T cells transduced with disease-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T cells) and regulatory T cell (Tregs) engineering. In this article, we review the advances in UCB ex vivo expansion and engineering to improve engraftment and reduce complications. As further research continues to find ways to overcome the current challenges, outcomes from UCBT will likely improve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmika Potdar
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vinicius Jorge
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabor Varadi
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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31
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Henschler R, Richter R. Transmigration Assays for the Determination of Molecular Interactions Between Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Niche Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2017:59-70. [PMID: 31197768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9574-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The transmigration capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) is characteristically associated with their ability to home to sites of hematopoiesis in the transplanted host, to proliferate, to differentiate, and to successfully repopulate the hematopoietic system of a transplanted host. Stimulating agents shown to induce the transmigration of HSPC were often later identified to play significant roles in mobilization of HSPC or their interaction with niche cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Transwell migration assays through microporous membranes have been developed in various forms to determine the migration capacity of HSPC or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) toward chemoattractants. We describe here a method of a multi-well reusable transmigration assay using a small volume and low numbers of HSPC, allowing the simple and reproducible determination of HSPC transmigration capacity which enable researchers to obtain rapid answers at limited costs with high reliability.
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32
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Schott JW, León-Rico D, Ferreira CB, Buckland KF, Santilli G, Armant MA, Schambach A, Cavazza A, Thrasher AJ. Enhancing Lentiviral and Alpharetroviral Transduction of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Clinical Application. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:134-147. [PMID: 31338385 PMCID: PMC6629974 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo retroviral gene transfer into CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has demonstrated remarkable clinical success in gene therapy for monogenic hematopoietic disorders. However, little attention has been paid to enhancement of culture and transduction conditions to achieve reliable effects across patient and disease contexts and to maximize potential vector usage and reduce treatment cost. We systematically tested three HSPC culture media manufactured to cGMP and eight previously described transduction enhancers (TEs) to develop a state-of-the-art clinically applicable protocol. Six TEs enhanced lentiviral (LV) and five TEs facilitated alpharetroviral (ARV) CD34+ HSPC transduction when used alone. Combinatorial TE application tested with LV vectors yielded more potent effects, with up to a 5.6-fold increase in total expression of a reporter gene and up to a 3.8-fold increase in VCN. Application of one of the most promising combinations, the poloxamer LentiBOOST and protamine sulfate, for GMP-compliant manufacturing of a clinical-grade advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) increased total VCN by over 6-fold, with no major changes in global gene expression profiles or inadvertent loss of CD34+CD90+ HSPC populations. Application of these defined culture and transduction conditions is likely to significantly improve ex vivo gene therapy manufacturing protocols for HSPCs and downstream clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane W Schott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diego León-Rico
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Carolina B Ferreira
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Karen F Buckland
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Giorgia Santilli
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Myriam A Armant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Axel Schambach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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33
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Chandra S, Cristofori P, Fonck C, O'Neill CA. Ex Vivo Gene Therapy: Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD) in NSG™ (NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl/SzJ) Mice Transplanted with CD34 + Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:656-660. [PMID: 31064282 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319844484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic option for monogenic disorders is gene therapy with ex vivo-transduced autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Safety or efficacy studies of ex vivo-modified HSCs are conducted in humanized mouse models after ablation of the murine bone marrow and transfer of human CD34+ HSCs. Engrafted human CD34+ cells migrate to bone marrow and differentiate into various human hematopoietic lineages. A 12-week study was conducted in NSG™ mice to evaluate engraftment, differentiation, and safety of human CD34+ cells that were transduced (ex vivo) with a proprietary lentiviral vector encoding a human gene (BMRN-1) or a mock (green fluorescent protein) vector. Several mice intravenously injected with naive CD34+ cells or transduced CD34+ cells had variable lymphohistiocytic inflammatory cell infiltrates and microgranulomas in the liver and lungs consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Spleen, bone marrow, stomach, reproductive tract, but not the skin had similar inflammatory changes. Ex vivo viral transduction of CD34+ cells did not impact engraftment or predispose to xenogeneic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Fonck
- 1 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, California, USA
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34
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Kolbina M, Schulte A, van Hoogevest P, Körber M, Bodmeier R. Evaluation of Hydrogenated Soybean Phosphatidylcholine Matrices Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion for Oral Controlled Delivery of Water-Soluble Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:159. [PMID: 30968304 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to prepare hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) matrices by hot melt extrusion and to evaluate resulting matrix potential to extend drug release in regard to drug loading and solubility for oral drug delivery of water-soluble drugs. The liquid crystalline nature of HSPC powder allowed its extrusion at 120°C, which was below its capillary melting point. Model drugs with a wide range of water solubilities (8, 20 and 240 mg/mL) and melting temperatures (160-270°C) were used. Extrudates with up to 70% drug loading were prepared at temperatures below the drugs' melting points. The original crystalline state of the drugs remained unchanged through the process as confirmed by XRPD and hot-stage microscopy. The time to achieve 80% release (t80) from extrudates with 50% drug loading was 3, 8 and 18 h for diprophylline, caffeine and theophylline, respectively. The effect of matrix preparation method (extrusion vs. compression) on drug release was evaluated. For non-eroding formulations, the drug release retarding properties of the HSPC matrix were mostly not influenced by the preparation method. However, with increasing drug loadings, compressed tablets eroded significantly more than extruded matrices, resulting in 2 to 11 times faster drug release. There were no signs of erosion observed in extrudates with different drugs up to 70% loadings. The mechanical robustness of HSPC extrudates was attributed to the formation of a skin-core structure and was identified as the main reason for the drug release controlling potential of the HSPC matrices produced by hot melt extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kolbina
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Schulte
- Lipoid GmbH, Frigenstr. 4, D-67065, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Körber
- Pensatech Pharma GmbH, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Bodmeier
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Daw S, Law A, Law S. Myelodysplastic Syndrome related alterations of MAPK signaling in the bone marrow of experimental mice including stem/progenitor compartment. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:330-343. [PMID: 30808519 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome is considered globally as heterogenous group of neoplasm which often proclaims leukemic progression. The heterogeneity is reflected not only in clinical manifestations of the disease but also in salient causes of disease development. In spite of multiple therapeutic modalities, shortfall towards treatment of this disorder still persists. The focal point of tussle suggested toward defects, which are not confined to any unifying cellular signalling. The pathobiology of the disease often experiences an intriguing paradox involving 'hyperproliferative bone marrow with pancytopenic peripheral blood'. In our present study we have reported about MAPK signaling in the hematopoietic stem progenitor compartmental (HSPC) dysregulation during the course of alkylator(ENU) induced myelodysplasia. The phospho-protein status of RTK's(FLT3, PDGFR, EGFR) were markedly increased that activated MAPK signaling proteins which finally executed their tasks by transcription of c-Myc and Rb leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, simultaneously the activated c-Jun revealed stress related apoptosis. Altogether, the role of activated MAPK signaling in the HSPC's may have led to hyperproliferation and concurrent enhanced apoptosis of abnormal cells which gradually headed towards premalignant transformations during the course of disease. The phenotypic expression of the HSPC markers CD 150 and CD 90 also established a mechanistic correlation with MAPK signalling alterations and overall scenario.
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36
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Johannesen S, Budeus B, Peters S, Iberl S, Meyer AL, Kammermaier T, Wirkert E, Bruun TH, Samara VC, Schulte-Mattler W, Herr W, Schneider A, Grassinger J, Bogdahn U. Biomarker Supervised G-CSF (Filgrastim) Response in ALS Patients. Front Neurol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 30534107 PMCID: PMC6275232 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate safety, tolerability and feasibility of long-term treatment with Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a well-known hematopoietic stem cell factor, guided by assessment of mobilized bone marrow derived stem cells and cytokines in the serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treated on a named patient basis. Methods: 36 ALS patients were treated with subcutaneous injections of G-CSF on a named patient basis and in an outpatient setting. Drug was dosed by individual application schemes (mean 464 Mio IU/month, range 90-2160 Mio IU/month) over a median of 13.7 months (range from 2.7 to 73.8 months). Safety, tolerability, survival and change in ALSFRS-R were observed. Hematopoietic stem cells were monitored by flow cytometry analysis of circulating CD34+ and CD34+CD38− cells, and peripheral cytokines were assessed by electrochemoluminescence throughout the intervention period. Analysis of immunological and hematological markers was conducted. Results: Long term and individually adapted treatment with G-CSF was well tolerated and safe. G-CSF led to a significant mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood. Higher mobilization capacity was associated with prolonged survival. Initial levels of serum cytokines, such as MDC, TNF-beta, IL-7, IL-16, and Tie-2 were significantly associated with survival. Continued application of G-CSF led to persistent alterations in serum cytokines and ongoing measurements revealed the multifaceted effects of G-CSF. Conclusions: G-CSF treatment is feasible and safe for ALS patients. It may exert its beneficial effects through neuroprotective and -regenerative activities, mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as angiogenic factors. These cytokines may serve as prognostic markers when measured at the time of diagnosis. Hematopoietic stem cell numbers and cytokine levels are altered by ongoing G-CSF application and may potentially serve as treatment biomarkers for early monitoring of G-CSF treatment efficacy in ALS in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siw Johannesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Iberl
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Louise Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tina Kammermaier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Wirkert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim-Henrik Bruun
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena C Samara
- Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Grassinger
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Charlesworth CT, Camarena J, Cromer MK, Vaidyanathan S, Bak RO, Carte JM, Potter J, Dever DP, Porteus MH. Priming Human Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cas9/sgRNA Gene Targeting. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018; 12:89-104. [PMID: 30195800 PMCID: PMC6023838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nuclease-mediated gene targeting through homologous recombination (HR) in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has the potential to treat a variety of genetic hematologic and immunologic disorders. Here, we identify critical parameters to reproducibly achieve high frequencies of RNA-guided (single-guide RNA [sgRNA]; CRISPR)-Cas9 nuclease (Cas9/sgRNA) and rAAV6-mediated HR at the β-globin (HBB) locus in HSPCs. We identified that by transducing HSPCs with rAAV6 post-electroporation, there was a greater than 2-fold electroporation-aided transduction (EAT) of rAAV6 endocytosis with roughly 70% of the cell population having undergone transduction within 2 hr. When HSPCs are cultured at low densities (1 × 105 cells/mL) prior to HBB targeting, HSPC expansion rates are significantly positively correlated with HR frequencies in vitro as well as in repopulating cells in immunodeficient NSG mice in vivo. We also show that culturing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-enriched HBB-targeted HSPCs at low cell densities in the presence of the small molecules, UM171 and SR1, stimulates the expansion of gene-edited HSPCs as measured by higher engraftment levels in immunodeficient mice. This work serves not only as an optimized protocol for genome editing HSPCs at the HBB locus for the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies but also as a foundation for editing HSPCs at other loci for both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Carte
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jason Potter
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Kim H, Lee S, Lee SW. TRAF6 Distinctly Regulates Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitors at Different Periods of Development in Mice. Mol Cells 2018; 41:753-761. [PMID: 30037215 PMCID: PMC6125416 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is identified as a signaling adaptor protein that regulates bone metabolism, immunity, and the development of several tissues. Therefore, its functions are closely associated with multiple diseases. TRAF6 is also involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis under steady-state conditions, but the role of TRAF6 in modulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during the developmental stages remains unknown. Here, we report that the deletion of TRAF6 in hematopoietic lineage cells resulted in the upregulation of HSPCs in the fetal liver at the prenatal period. However, in the early postnatal period, deletion of TRAF6 drastically diminished HSPCs in the bone marrow (BM), with severe defects in BM development and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen being identified. In the analysis of adult HSPCs in a BM reconstitution setting, TRAF6 played no significant role in HSPC homeostasis, albeit it affected the development of T cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the role of TRAF6 in regulating HSPCs is altered in a spatial and temporal manner during the developmental course of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekang Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673,
Korea
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Iacovelli R, Ciccarese C, Mosillo C, Tortora G. De Novo, Progressed, and Neglected Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Is One Therapy Fit for All? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:482-4. [PMID: 30139716 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients who receive a diagnosis of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) have different phenotypes of disease. Some of them have de novo CSPC, but others receive a late diagnosis, and still others underwent prostatectomy several years before the diagnosis of metastases. We analyze the presence of these differences in recent clinical trials in CSPC and assess the possible impact on their results.
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Lewis G, Christiansen L, McKenzie J, Luo M, Pasackow E, Smurnyy Y, Harrington S, Gregory P, Veres G, Negre O, Bonner M. Staurosporine Increases Lentiviral Vector Transduction Efficiency of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 9:313-322. [PMID: 30038935 PMCID: PMC6054695 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vector (LVV)-mediated transduction of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) holds tremendous promise for the treatment of monogenic hematological diseases. This approach requires the generation of a sufficient proportion of gene-modified cells. We identified staurosporine, a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, as a small molecule that could be added to the transduction process to increase the proportion of genetically modified HSPCs by overcoming a LVV entry barrier. Staurosporine increased vector copy number (VCN) approximately 2-fold when added to mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) CD34+ cells prior to transduction. Limited staurosporine treatment did not affect viability of cells post-transduction, and there was no difference in in vitro colony formation compared to vehicle-treated cells. Xenotransplantation studies identified a statistically significant increase in VCN in engrafted human cells in mouse bone marrow at 4 months post-transplantation compared to vehicle-treated cells. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to increase transduction efficiency of HSPCs through a different mechanism. Combining staurosporine and PGE2 resulted in further enhancement of transduction efficiency, particularly in short-term HSPCs. The combinatorial use of small molecules, such as staurosporine and PGE2, to enhance LVV transduction of human CD34+ cells is a promising method to improve transduction efficiency and subsequent potential therapeutic benefit of gene therapy drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Lewis
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Min Luo
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eli Pasackow
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yegor Smurnyy
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Philip Gregory
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gabor Veres
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olivier Negre
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Bonner
- bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Corresponding author: Melissa Bonner, bluebird bio, Inc., 60 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Abstract
Exposure to arsenic on a regular basis, mainly through drinking water, agricultural pesticide, and sometimes therapeutic dose, results in various diseases of different tissues including the bone marrow hematopoietic system. Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process by which bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) generate a relatively constant pool of functionally mature blood cells by the support of microenvironmental components. The present study has been aimed to understand stem cell microenvironmental status during arsenic toxicity and the consequent reflection of dysregulation involving the hematopoietic machinery in experimental mice. Swiss albino mice were experimentally exposed to 10 μg arsenic trioxide/g body weight through oral gavage and 5 μg arsenic trioxide/g body weight intraperitoneally for a period of 30 days. Altered hemogram values in peripheral blood reflected the impaired hematopoiesis which was further validated by the reduced BM cellularity along with the deviated BM cell morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy post arsenic exposure. The stromal cells were unable to establish a healthy matrix and the sustainability of hematopoietic progenitors was drastically affected in arsenic-exposed mouse groups, as observed in in vitro explant culture. The inability of stromal cells to establish supportive matrix was also explained by the decreased adherent colony formation in treated animals. Furthermore, the flow cytometric characterization of CXCR4+ and Sca-1+ CD44+ receptor expressions confirmed the dysregulation in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Thus, considering the importance of microenvironment in the maintenance of HSPC, it can be concluded that arsenic toxicity causes microenvironmental damage, leading to niche derangement and impaired hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacintha Archana Pereira
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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42
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Salati S, Prudente Z, Genovese E, Pennucci V, Rontauroli S, Bartalucci N, Mannarelli C, Ruberti S, Zini R, Rossi C, Bianchi E, Guglielmelli P, Tagliafico E, Vannucchi AM, Manfredini R. Calreticulin Affects Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Fate by Impacting Erythroid and Megakaryocytic Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:225-236. [PMID: 29258411 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a chaperone protein that localizes primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen where it is responsible for the control of proper folding of neo-synthesized glycoproteins and the retention of calcium. Recently, mutations affecting exon 9 of the CALR gene have been described in approximately 40% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Although the role of mutated CALR in the development of MPNs has begun to be clarified, there are still no data available on the function of wild-type (WT) CALR during physiological hematopoiesis. To shed light on the role of WT CALR during normal hematopoiesis, we performed gene silencing and overexpression experiments in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our results showed that CALR overexpression is able to affect physiological hematopoiesis by enhancing both erythroid and megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation. In agreement with overexpression data, CALR silencing caused a significant decrease in both erythroid and MK differentiation of human HSPCs. Gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis showed that CALR is able to affect the expression of several genes involved in HSPC differentiation toward both the erythroid and MK lineages. Moreover, GEP data also highlighted the modulation of several genes involved in ER stress response, unfolded protein response (UPR), and DNA repair, and of several genes already described to play a role in MPN development, such as proinflammatory cytokines and hematological neoplasm-related markers. Altogether, our data unraveled a new and unexpected role for CALR in the regulation of normal hematopoietic differentiation. Moreover, by showing the impact of CALR on the expression of genes involved in several biological processes already described in cellular transformation, our data strongly suggest a more complex role for CALR in MPN development that goes beyond the activation of the THPO receptor and involves ER stress response, UPR, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Salati
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Zelia Prudente
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Genovese
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Pennucci
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy & Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Rontauroli
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bartalucci
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmela Mannarelli
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Samantha Ruberti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Zini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Basilico S, Göttgens B. Dysregulation of haematopoietic stem cell regulatory programs in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:719-727. [PMID: 28429049 PMCID: PMC5487585 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are situated at the apex of the haematopoietic differentiation hierarchy, ensuring the life-long supply of mature haematopoietic cells and forming a reservoir to replenish the haematopoietic system in case of emergency such as acute blood loss. To maintain a balanced production of all mature lineages and at the same time secure a stem cell reservoir, intricate regulatory programs have evolved to control multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Leukaemogenic mutations commonly disrupt these regulatory programs causing a block in differentiation with simultaneous enhancement of proliferation. Here, we briefly summarize key aspects of HSPC regulatory programs, and then focus on their disruption by leukaemogenic fusion genes containing the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene. Using MLL as an example, we explore important questions of wider significance that are still under debate, including the importance of cell of origin, to what extent leukaemia oncogenes impose specific regulatory programs and the relevance of leukaemia stem cells for disease development and prognosis. Finally, we suggest that disruption of stem cell regulatory programs is likely to play an important role in many other pathologies including ageing-associated regenerative failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Basilico
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Pascutti MF, Erkelens MN, Nolte MA. Impact of Viral Infections on Hematopoiesis: From Beneficial to Detrimental Effects on Bone Marrow Output. Front Immunol 2016; 7:364. [PMID: 27695457 PMCID: PMC5025449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the bone marrow (BM) to generate copious amounts of blood cells required on a daily basis depends on a highly orchestrated process of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This process can be rapidly adapted under stress conditions, such as infections, to meet the specific cellular needs of the immune response and the ensuing physiological changes. This requires a tight regulation in order to prevent either hematopoietic failure or transformation. Although adaptation to bacterial infections or systemic inflammation has been studied and reviewed in depth, specific alterations of hematopoiesis to viral infections have received less attention so far. Viruses constantly pose a significant health risk and demand an adequate, balanced response from our immune system, which also affects the BM. In fact, both the virus itself and the ensuing immune response can have a tremendous impact on the hematopoietic process. On one hand, this can be beneficial: it helps to boost the cellular response of the body to resolve the viral infection. But on the other hand, when the virus and the resulting antiviral response persist, the inflammatory feedback to the hematopoietic system will become chronic, which can be detrimental for a balanced BM output. Chronic viral infections frequently have clinical manifestations at the level of blood cell formation, and we summarize which viruses can lead to BM pathologies, like aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, we address specific effects of acute and chronic viral infections on blood cell production. As such, we distinguish four different levels in which this can occur: (1) direct viral infection of HSPCs, (2) viral recognition by HSPCs, (3) indirect effects on HSPCs by inflammatory mediators, and (4) the role of the BM microenvironment on hematopoiesis upon virus infection. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview on how viral infections can affect the formation of new blood cells, aiming to advance our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms to improve the treatment of BM failure in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Pascutti
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martje N. Erkelens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
More than 40,000 unrelated cord blood transplantations (UCBT) have been performed worldwide as treatment for patients with malignant or non-malignant life threatening hematologic disorders. However, low absolute numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) within a single cord blood unit has remained a limiting factor for this transplantation modality, particularly in adult recipients. Further, because UCB contains low numbers of mostly naïve T cells, immune recovery after UCBT is slow, predisposing patients to severe infections. Other causes of UCBT failure has included graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse of the underlying disease. In this article, we first review the current landscape of cord blood engineering aimed at improving engraftment. This includes approaches of UCB-HSPCs expansion and methods aimed at improving UCB-HSCPs homing. We then discuss recent approaches of cord blood engineering developed to prevent infection [generation of multivirus-specific cytotoxic T cells (VSTs) from UCB], relapse [transduction of UCB-T cells with tumor-specific chimeric receptor antigens (CARs)] and GVHD (expansion of regulatory T cells from UCB). Although many of these techniques of UCB engineering remain currently technically challenging and expensive, they are likely to revolutionize the field of UCBT in the next decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Baron
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA-I3, Section of Hematology , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- c Eurocord Hospital Saint Louis, AP-HP , Paris , France.,d Hospital Saint Antoine , Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP , Paris , France.,e Cord Blood Committee, Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party , EBMT , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Arnon Nagler
- f Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer , Ramat-Gan , Israel.,g EBMT Paris Office , Hospital Saint Antoine , Paris , France.,h Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,i Tel Aviv University (TAU) , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Bhatt R, Singh D, Prakash A, Mishra N. Development, characterization and nasal delivery of rosmarinic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the effective management of Huntington's disease. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:931-9. [PMID: 24512295 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.880860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a drug delivery system to enhance the brain-targeting efficiency of rosmarinic acid (RA) following intranasal (i.n.) administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RA-loaded SLNs was prepared by the hot homogenization technique, in which glycerol monostearate (GMS) as lipid, tween 80 and soya lecithin were used as surfactant along with hydrogenated soya phosphatidyl choline (HSPC) as a stabilizer, and were characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), in vitro study. Nasal delivery of the developed formulation followed by the study of behavioral (locomotor, narrow beam, body weight) and biochemical parameters (glutathione, lipid peroxidation, catalase and nitrite) in wistar rat was carried out. RESULTS Optimized RA-loaded SLNs using tween 80 (SLNPRT) have the mean size of (149.2 ± 3.2 nm), ZP (-38.27 mV) entrapment efficiency (61.9 ± 2.2%). 3-NP-treated rat significantly increased behavioral alterations, oxidative damage as compared with the control group. SLNPRT treatment significantly improved behavioral abnormalities and attenuated the oxidative stress in 3NP-treated rats. However, the nasal delivery of SLNPRT produced significant therapeutic action as compared to intravenous application. In the organ distribution study, brain drug concentration was found to be 5.69 µg, in pharmacokinetic study Cmax, tmax, t1/2, AUC values were found to be 0.284 µg/ml, 1.5 h, 3.17 h, and 1.505 µg/ml/h, respectively. CONCLUSION The encouraging results confirmed the developed optimized RA-loaded SLNs formulation following the non-invasive nose-to-brain drug delivery that is a promising therapeutic approach for the effective management in Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atish Prakash
- b Department of Pharmacology , I.S.F. College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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47
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Faridi F, Ponnusamy K, Quagliano-Lo Coco I, Chen-Wichmann L, Grez M, Henschler R, Wichmann C. Aberrant epigenetic regulators control expansion of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Front Genet 2013; 4:254. [PMID: 24348510 PMCID: PMC3842847 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription is a tightly regulated process ensuring the proper expression of numerous genes regulating all aspects of cellular behavior. Transcription factors regulate multiple genes including other transcription factors that together control a highly complex gene network. The transcriptional machinery can be “hijacked” by oncogenic transcription factors, thereby leading to malignant cell transformation. Oncogenic transcription factors manipulate a variety of epigenetic control mechanisms to fulfill gene regulatory and cell transforming functions. These factors assemble epigenetic regulators at target gene promoter sequences, thereby disturbing physiological gene expression patterns. Retroviral vector technology and the availability of “healthy” human hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells enable the generation of pre-leukemic cell models for the analysis of aberrant human hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion mediated by leukemogenic transcription factors. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the mechanism by which leukemogenic gene products control human hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cell expansion by disrupting the normal epigenetic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Faridi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostasis, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Kanagaraju Ponnusamy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostasis, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Germany ; Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Linping Chen-Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostasis, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Grez
- Institute for Biomedical Research Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostasis, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostasis, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Germany
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48
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Klamer SE, Kuijk CGM, Hordijk PL, van der Schoot CE, von Lindern M, van Hennik PB, Voermans C. BIGH3 modulates adhesion and migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:434-49. [PMID: 24152593 DOI: 10.4161/cam.26596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration are important determinants of homing and development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in bone marrow (BM) niches. The extracellular matrix protein transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inducible gene H3 (BIGH3) is involved in adhesion and migration, although the effect of BIGH3 is highly cell type-dependent. BIGH3 is abundantly expressed by mesenchymal stromal cells, while its expression in HSPCs is relatively low unless induced by certain BM stressors. Here, we set out to determine how BIGH3 modulates HSPC adhesion and migration. We show that primary HSPCs adhere to BIGH3-coated substrates, which is, in part, integrin-dependent. Overexpression of BIGH3 in HSPCs and HL60 cells reduced the adhesion to the substrate fibronectin in adhesion assays, which was even more profound in electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) assays. Accordingly, the CXCL12 induced migration over fibronectin-coated surface was reduced in BIGH3-expressing HSPCs. The integrin expression profile of HSPCs was not altered upon BIGH3 expression. Although expression of BIGH3 did not alter actin polymerization in response to CXCL12, it inhibited the PMA-induced activation of the small GTPase RAC1 as well as the phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs). Reduced activation of ERK and RAC1 may be responsible for the inhibition of cell adhesion and migration by BIGH3 in HSPCs. Induced BIGH3 expression upon BM stress may contribute to the regulation of BM homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofieke E Klamer
- Department of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn G M Kuijk
- Department of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paula B van Hennik
- Department of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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49
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Abstract
Definitive hematopoietic cells are generated de novo during ontogeny from a specialized subset of endothelium, the so-called hemogenic endothelium. In this review we give a brief overview of the identification of hemogenic endothelium, explore its links with the HSC lineage, and summarize recent insights into the nature of hemogenic endothelium and the microenvironmental and intrinsic regulators contributing to its transition into blood. Ultimately, a better understanding of the processes controlling the transition of endothelium into blood will advance the generation and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Swiers
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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50
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Lee HJ, Li N, Evans SM, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical force in blood development: extrinsic physical cues drive pro-hematopoietic signaling. Differentiation 2013; 86:92-103. [PMID: 23850217 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is dynamic during development and in adulthood, undergoing countless spatial and temporal transitions during the course of one's life. Microenvironmental cues in the many unique hematopoietic niches differ, characterized by distinct soluble molecules, membrane-bound factors, and biophysical features that meet the changing needs of the blood system. Research from the last decade has revealed the importance of substrate elasticity and biomechanical force in determination of stem cell fate. Our understanding of the role of these factors in hematopoiesis is still relatively poor; however, the developmental origin of blood cells from the endothelium provides a model for comparison. Many endothelial mechanical sensors and second messenger systems may also determine hematopoietic stem cell fate, self renewal, and homing behaviors. Further, the intimate contact of hematopoietic cells with mechanosensitive cell types, including osteoblasts, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and pericytes, places them in close proximity to paracrine signaling downstream of mechanical signals. The objective of this review is to present an overview of the sensors and intracellular signaling pathways activated by mechanical cues and highlight the role of mechanotransductive pathways in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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