1
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Schieferecke AJ, Lee H, Chen A, Kilaru V, Krish Williams J, Schaffer DV. Evolving membrane-associated accessory protein variants for improved adeno-associated virus production. Mol Ther 2024; 32:340-351. [PMID: 38115579 PMCID: PMC10861973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing sufficient adeno-associated virus (AAV) to meet current and projected clinical needs is a significant hurdle to the growing gene therapy industry. The recently discovered membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP) is encoded by an alternative open reading frame in the AAV cap gene that is found in all presently reported natural serotypes. Recent evidence has emerged supporting a functional role of MAAP in AAV egress, although the underlying mechanisms of MAAP function remain unknown. Here, we show that inactivation of MAAP from AAV2 by a single point mutation that is silent in the VP1 open reading frame (ORF) (AAV2-ΔMAAP) decreased exosome-associated and secreted vector genome production. We hypothesized that novel MAAP variants could be evolved to increase AAV production and thus subjected a library encoding over 1 × 106 MAAP protein variants to five rounds of packaging selection into the AAV2-ΔMAAP capsid. Between each successive packaging round, we observed a progressive increase in both overall titer and ratio of secreted vector genomes conferred by the bulk-selected MAAP library population. Next-generation sequencing uncovered enriched mutational features, and a resulting selected MAAP variant containing missense mutations and a frameshifted C-terminal domain increased overall GFP transgene packaging in AAV2, AAV6, and AAV9 capsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Schieferecke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aleysha Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vindhya Kilaru
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Justin Krish Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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2
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Pathak S, Singh V, Kumar N, Jayandharan GR. Inducible caspase 9-mediated suicide gene therapy using AAV6 vectors in a murine model of breast cancer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101166. [PMID: 38149057 PMCID: PMC10750187 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma has one of the highest incidence rates (11.7%), with significant clinical heterogeneity. Although conventional chemotherapy and surgical resection are the current standard of care, the resistance and recurrence, after these interventions, necessitate alternate therapeutic approaches. Cancer gene therapy for breast cancer with the suicide gene is an attractive option due to their directed delivery into the tumor. In this study, we have developed a novel treatment strategy against breast cancer with recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 6 vectors carrying a suicide gene, inducible Caspase 9 (iCasp9). Upon treatment with AAV6-iCasp9 vectors and the chemical inducer of dimerizer, AP20187, the viability of murine breast cancer cells (4T1) was significantly reduced to ∼40%-60% (mock control 100%). Following intratumoral delivery of AAV6-iCasp9 vectors in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model, we observed a significant increase in iCasp9 transgene expression and a significant reduction in tumor growth rate. At the molecular level, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated subsequent activation of the effector caspase 3 and cellular death. These data highlight the potential of AAV6-iCasp9-based suicide gene therapy for aggressive breast cancer in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pathak
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Vijayata Singh
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Giridhara R. Jayandharan
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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3
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Canarutto D, Asperti C, Vavassori V, Porcellini S, Rovelli E, Paulis M, Ferrari S, Varesi A, Fiumara M, Jacob A, Sergi Sergi L, Visigalli I, Ferrua F, González‐Granado LI, Lougaris V, Finocchi A, Villa A, Radrizzani M, Naldini L. Unbiased assessment of genome integrity and purging of adverse outcomes at the target locus upon editing of CD4 + T-cells for the treatment of Hyper IgM1. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114188. [PMID: 37916874 PMCID: PMC10690452 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper IgM1 is an X-linked combined immunodeficiency caused by CD40LG mutations, potentially treatable with CD4+ T-cell gene editing with Cas9 and a "one-size-fits-most" corrective template. Contrary to established gene therapies, there is limited data on the genomic alterations following long-range gene editing, and no consensus on the relevant assays. We developed drop-off digital PCR assays for unbiased detection of large on-target deletions and found them at high frequency upon editing. Large deletions were also common upon editing different loci and cell types and using alternative Cas9 and template delivery methods. In CD40LG edited T cells, on-target deletions were counter-selected in culture and further purged by enrichment for edited cells using a selector coupled to gene correction. We then validated the sensitivity of optical genome mapping for unbiased detection of genome wide rearrangements and uncovered on-target trapping of one or more vector copies, which do not compromise functionality, upon editing using an integrase defective lentiviral donor template. No other recurring events were detected. Edited patient cells showed faithful reconstitution of CD40LG regulated expression and function with a satisfactory safety profile. Large deletions and donor template integrations should be anticipated and accounted for when designing and testing similar gene editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canarutto
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Università Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Pediatric Immunohematology Unit and BMT ProgramIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Claudia Asperti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Vavassori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Simona Porcellini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Elisabetta Rovelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Marianna Paulis
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSMilanItaly
- UOS Milan UnitIstituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNRMilanItaly
| | - Samuele Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Angelica Varesi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Martina Fiumara
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Aurelien Jacob
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Lucia Sergi Sergi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Ilaria Visigalli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Pediatric Immunohematology Unit and BMT ProgramIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Luis Ignacio González‐Granado
- Unidad de Immunodeficiencias Primarias y la Unidad de Hematología y Oncología PediátricaInstituto de Investigacíon Hospital 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | | | - Andrea Finocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesú Children's HospitalIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere ScientificoRomeItaly
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- UOS Milan UnitIstituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNRMilanItaly
| | - Marina Radrizzani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Università Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
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Yanda MK, Zeidan A, Ciobanu C, Izzi J, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. Transduction of Ferret Surface and Basal Cells of Airways, Lung, Liver, and Pancreas via Intratracheal or Intravenous Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus 1 or 6. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1135-1144. [PMID: 37650819 PMCID: PMC10659021 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is potentially treatable by gene therapy. Since the identification of the CF gene, preclinical and clinical trials have concentrated on achieving effective gene therapy targeting the lung. However, the lung has proven to be a formidable barrier to successful gene therapy especially for CF, and many clinical trials failed to achieve efficacy. Recent advances in vector design and adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes have increased the chances of success. Given that CF is a multi-organ disease, the goal of this study was to test whether a gene therapy approach involving AAV1 or AAV6 vector delivery via the systemic circulation would at the same time overcome the barrier of lung delivery and transduce organs commonly affected by CF. To accomplish this, we sprayed AAV1 containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the trachea or injected it intravenously (IV). We also tested AAV6 injected IV. No adverse events were noted. Ferrets were necropsied 30 days after vector delivery. AAV1 or AAV6 vector genomes, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and GFP were detected in all the tracheal and lung samples from the treated animals, whether AAV1 was sprayed into the trachea or injected IV or AAV6 was injected IV. Importantly, both surface epithelial and basal cells of the trachea and lung airways were successfully transduced, regardless of which route of delivery or vector serotype used for transduction. We detected also AAV1 and AAV6 vector genomes, mRNA expression, and GFP in the livers and pancreases, particularly in the acinar cells of the pancreatic duct. These data suggest that gene transfer is attainable in the airways, liver, and pancreas using either serotype, AAV1 or AAV6. Given that these same organs are affected in CF, systemic delivery of AAV may be the preferred route of delivery for a gene therapy for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K. Yanda
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adi Zeidan
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristian Ciobanu
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Izzi
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William B. Guggino
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Hunt MS, Yang SJ, Mortensen E, Boukhris A, Buckner J, Cook PJ, Rawlings DJ. Dual-locus, dual-HDR editing permits efficient generation of antigen-specific regulatory T cells with robust suppressive activity. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2872-2886. [PMID: 37481700 PMCID: PMC10556186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy is predicted to modulate immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the requirement for antigen (ag) specificity to optimally orchestrate tissue-specific, Treg cell-mediated tolerance limits effective clinical application. To address this challenge, we present a single-step, combinatorial gene editing strategy utilizing dual-locus, dual-homology-directed repair (HDR) to generate and specifically expand ag-specific engineered Treg (EngTreg) cells derived from donor CD4+ T cells. Concurrent delivery of CRISPR nucleases and recombinant (r)AAV homology donor templates targeting FOXP3 and TRAC was used to achieve three parallel goals: enforced, stable expression of FOXP3; replacement of the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) with an islet-specific TCR; and selective enrichment of dual-edited cells. Each HDR donor template contained an alternative component of a heterodimeric chemically inducible signaling complex (CISC), designed to activate interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling in response to rapamycin, promoting expansion of only dual-edited EngTreg cells. Using this approach, we generated purified, islet-specific EngTreg cells that mediated robust direct and bystander suppression of effector T (Teff) cells recognizing the same or a different islet antigen peptide, respectively. This platform is broadly adaptable for use with alternative TCRs or other targeting moieties for application in tissue-specific autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina S Hunt
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Soo Jung Yang
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Emma Mortensen
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Ahmad Boukhris
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jane Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Peter J Cook
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Tran NT, Lebedin M, Danner E, Kühn R, Rajewsky K, Chu VT. Application of a Spacer-nick Gene-targeting Approach to Repair Disease-causing Mutations with Increased Safety. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4661. [PMID: 37113334 PMCID: PMC10127048 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for gene repair that holds great potential for gene therapy to cure monogenic diseases. Despite intensive improvement, the safety of this system remains a major clinical concern. In contrast to Cas9 nuclease, Cas9 nickases with a pair of short-distance (38-68 bp) PAM-out single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) preserve gene repair efficiency while strongly reducing off-target effects. However, this approach still leads to efficient unwanted on-target mutations that may cause tumorigenesis or abnormal hematopoiesis. We establish a precise and safe spacer-nick gene repair approach that combines Cas9D10A nickase with a pair of PAM-out sgRNAs at a distance of 200-350 bp. In combination with adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 6 donor templates, this approach leads to efficient gene repair with minimal unintended on- and off-target mutations in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we provide detailed protocols to use the spacer-nick approach for gene repair and to assess the safety of this system in human HSPCs. The spacer-nick approach enables efficient gene correction for repair of disease-causing mutations with increased safety and suitability for gene therapy. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tung Tran
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Lebedin
- Immune Mechanisms and Human Antibodies, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Danner
- Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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7
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Brault J, Liu T, Liu S, Lawson A, Choi U, Kozhushko N, Bzhilyanskaya V, Pavel-Dinu M, Meis RJ, Eckhaus MA, Burkett SS, Bosticardo M, Kleinstiver BP, Notarangelo LD, Lazzarotto CR, Tsai SQ, Wu X, Dahl GA, Porteus MH, Malech HL, De Ravin SS. CRISPR-Cas9-AAV versus lentivector transduction for genome modification of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency hematopoietic stem cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067417. [PMID: 36685559 PMCID: PMC9846165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ex vivo gene therapy for treatment of Inborn errors of Immunity (IEIs) have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in multiple Phase I/II clinical trials. Current approaches rely on engineered retroviral vectors to randomly integrate copy(s) of gene-of-interest in autologous hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) genome permanently to provide gene function in transduced HSPCs and their progenies. To circumvent concerns related to potential genotoxicities due to the random vector integrations in HSPCs, targeted correction with CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing offers improved precision for functional correction of multiple IEIs. Methods We compare the two approaches for integration of IL2RG transgene for functional correction of HSPCs from patients with X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID-X1 or XSCID); delivery via current clinical lentivector (LV)-IL2RG versus targeted insertion (TI) of IL2RG via homology-directed repair (HDR) when using an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-IL2RG donor following double-strand DNA break at the endogenous IL2RG locus. Results and discussion In vitro differentiation of LV- or TI-treated XSCID HSPCs similarly overcome differentiation block into Pre-T-I and Pre-T-II lymphocytes but we observed significantly superior development of NK cells when corrected by TI (40.7% versus 4.1%, p = 0.0099). Transplants into immunodeficient mice demonstrated robust engraftment (8.1% and 23.3% in bone marrow) for LV- and TI-IL2RG HSPCs with efficient T cell development following TI-IL2RG in all four patients' HSPCs. Extensive specificity analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 editing with rhAmpSeq covering 82 predicted off-target sites found no evidence of indels in edited cells before (in vitro) or following transplant, in stark contrast to LV's non-targeted vector integration sites. Together, the improved efficiency and safety of IL2RG correction via CRISPR-Cas9-based TI approach provides a strong rationale for a clinical trial for treatment of XSCID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brault
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taylor Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Amanda Lawson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uimook Choi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nikita Kozhushko
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vera Bzhilyanskaya
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Eckhaus
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandra S. Burkett
- Molecular Cytogenetic Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cicera R. Lazzarotto
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shengdar Q. Tsai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Matthew H. Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Suk See De Ravin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Glazkova DV, Bogoslovskaya EV, Urusov FA, Kartashova NP, Glubokova EA, Gracheva AV, Faizuloev EB, Trunova GV, Khokhlova VA, Bezborodova OA, Pankratov AA, Leneva IA, Shipulin GA. [Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Mouse Model by Transient Expression of the Human ACE2 Gene Mediated by Intranasal Administration of AAV-hACE2]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2022; 56:774-782. [PMID: 36165016 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898422050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important steps in the development of drugs and vaccines against a new coronavirus infection is their testing on a relevant animal model. The laboratory mouse, with well-studied immunology, is the preferred mammalian model in experimental medicine. However, mice are not susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to the lack of human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2), which is the cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and necessary for the entry of the virus into the cell. In present work, it was shown that intranasal administration of the adeno-associated vectors AAV9 and AAV-DJ encoding the hACE2 provided a high level of expression of ACE2 gene in the lungs of mice. In contrast, the introduction of the AAV6 vector led to a low level ACE2 expression. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 of mice expressing hACE2 in the lungs led to virus replication and development of bronchopneumonia on the 7th day after infection. Thus, a simple method for delivering the human ACE2 gene to mouse lungs by intranasal administration of the AAV vector has been proposed. This approach enabled rapid generation of mouse model for studying coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Glazkova
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - E V Bogoslovskaya
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - F A Urusov
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119992 Russia
- Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275 Russia
| | - N P Kartashova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - E A Glubokova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - A V Gracheva
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - E B Faizuloev
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - G V Trunova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125284 Russia
| | - V A Khokhlova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125284 Russia
| | - O A Bezborodova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125284 Russia
| | - A A Pankratov
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125284 Russia
| | - I A Leneva
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - G A Shipulin
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119992 Russia
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9
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Naeimi Kararoudi M, Likhite S, Elmas E, Yamamoto K, Schwartz M, Sorathia K, de Souza Fernandes Pereira M, Sezgin Y, Devine RD, Lyberger JM, Behbehani GK, Chakravarti N, Moriarity BS, Meyer K, Lee DA. Optimization and validation of CAR transduction into human primary NK cells using CRISPR and AAV. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100236. [PMID: 35784645 PMCID: PMC9243630 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human primary natural killer (NK) cells are being widely advanced for cancer immunotherapy. However, methods for gene editing of these cells have suffered low transduction rates, high cell death, and loss of transgene expression after expansion. Here, we developed a highly efficient method for site-specific gene insertion in NK cells using CRISPR (Cas9/RNP) and AAVs. We compared AAV vectors designed to mediate gene insertion by different DNA repair mechanisms, homology arm lengths, and virus concentrations. We then validated the method for site-directed gene insertion of CD33-specific CARs into primary human NK cells. CAR transduction was efficient, its expression remained stable after expansion, and it improved efficacy against AML targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shibi Likhite
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ezgi Elmas
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maura Schwartz
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kinnari Sorathia
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Yasemin Sezgin
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raymond D. Devine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Justin M. Lyberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nitin Chakravarti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Kathrin Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Wörner TP, Snijder J, Friese O, Powers T, Heck AJ. Assessment of genome packaging in AAVs using Orbitrap-based charge-detection mass spectrometry. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:40-47. [PMID: 34977271 PMCID: PMC8671526 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) represent important gene therapy vectors with several approved clinical applications and numerous more in clinical trials. Genome packaging is an essential step in the bioprocessing of AAVs and needs to be tightly monitored to ensure the proper delivery of transgenes and the production of effective drugs. Current methods to monitor genome packaging have limited sensitivity, a high demand on labor, and struggle to distinguish between packaging of the intended genome or unwanted side-products. Here we show that Orbitrap-based charge-detection mass spectrometry allows the very sensitive quantification of all these different AAV bioprocessing products. A protocol is presented that allows the quantification of genome-packed AAV preparations in under half an hour, requiring only micro-liter quantities of typical AAV preparations with ∼1013 viral capsids per milliliter. The method quickly assesses the integrity and amount of genome packed AAV particles to support AAV bioprocessing and characterization of this rapidly emerging class of advanced drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias P. Wörner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Friese
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer WRDM, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas Powers
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer WRDM, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Glazkova DV, Bogoslovskaya EV, Urusov FA, Kartashova NP, Glubokova EA, Gracheva AV, Faizuloev EB, Trunova GV, Khokhlova VA, Bezborodova OA, Pankratov AA, Leneva IA, Shipulin GA. Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Mouse Model by Transient Expression of the Human ACE2 Gene Mediated by Intranasal Administration of AAV-hACE2. Mol Biol 2022; 56:705-712. [PMID: 36217340 PMCID: PMC9534474 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important steps in the development of drugs and vaccines against a new coronavirus infection is their testing on a relevant animal model. The laboratory mouse, with well-studied immunology, is the preferred mammalian model in experimental medicine. However, mice are not susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to the lack of human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2), which is the cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and necessary for the entry of the virus into the cell. In present work, it was shown that intranasal administration of the adeno-associated vectors AAV9 and AAV-DJ encoding the hACE2 provided a high level of expression of ACE2 gene in the lungs of mice. In contrast, the introduction of the AAV6 vector led to a low level ACE2 expression. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 of mice expressing hACE2 in the lungs led to virus replication and development of bronchopneumonia on the 7th day after infection. Thus, a simple method for delivering the human ACE2 gene to mouse lungs by intranasal administration of the AAV vector has been proposed. This approach enabled rapid generation of mouse model for studying coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Glazkova
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. V. Bogoslovskaya
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - F. A. Urusov
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, 119992 Moscow, Russia ,Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. P. Kartashova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. A. Glubokova
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Gracheva
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. B. Faizuloev
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - G. V. Trunova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. A. Khokhlova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - O. A. Bezborodova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Pankratov
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Leneva
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - G. A. Shipulin
- Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Kudo M, Wupuer S, Fujiwara M, Saito Y, Kubota S, Inoue KI, Takada M, Seki K. Specific gene expression in unmyelinated dorsal root ganglion neurons in nonhuman primates by intra-nerve injection of AAV 6 vector. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:11-22. [PMID: 34552999 PMCID: PMC8426475 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus 6 (AAV6) has been proposed as a potential vector candidate for specific gene expression in pain-related dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, but this has not been confirmed in nonhuman primates. The aim of our study was to analyze the transduction efficiency and target specificity of this viral vector in the common marmoset by comparing it with those in the rat. When green fluorescent protein-expressing serotype-6 vector was injected into the sciatic nerve, the efficiency of gene expression in DRG neurons was comparable in both species. We found that the serotype-6 vector was largely specific to the pain-related ganglion neurons in the marmoset, as well as in the rat, whereas the serotype-9 vector resulted in contrasting effects in the two species. Neither AAV6 nor AAV9 resulted in DRG toxicity when administered via the sciatic nerve, suggesting this as a safer route of sensory nerve transduction than the currently used intrathecal or intravenous administrative routes. Furthermore, the AAV6 vector could be an optimal serotype for gene therapy for human chronic pain that has a minimal effect on other somatosensory functions of DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Kudo
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sidikejiang Wupuer
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fujiwara
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kubota
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takada
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Fañanas-Baquero S, Quintana-Bustamante O, Dever DP, Alberquilla O, Sanchez-Dominguez R, Camarena J, Ojeda-Perez I, Dessy-Rodriguez M, Turk R, Schubert MS, Lattanzi A, Xu L, Lopez-Lorenzo JL, Bianchi P, Bueren JA, Behlke MA, Porteus M, Segovia JC. Clinically relevant gene editing in hematopoietic stem cells for the treatment of pyruvate kinase deficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:237-48. [PMID: 34485608 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), an autosomal-recessive disorder, is the main cause of chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. PKD is caused by mutations in the pyruvate kinase, liver and red blood cell (PKLR) gene, which encodes for the erythroid pyruvate kinase protein (RPK). RPK is implicated in the last step of anaerobic glycolysis in red blood cells (RBCs), responsible for the maintenance of normal erythrocyte ATP levels. The only curative treatment for PKD is allogeneic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplant, associated with a significant morbidity and mortality, especially relevant in PKD patients. Here, we address the correction of PKD through precise gene editing at the PKLR endogenous locus to keep the tight regulation of RPK enzyme during erythropoiesis. We combined CRISPR-Cas9 system and donor recombinant adeno-associated vector (rAAV) delivery to build an efficient, safe, and clinically applicable system to knock in therapeutic sequences at the translation start site of the RPK isoform in human hematopoietic progenitors. Edited human hematopoietic progenitors efficiently reconstituted human hematopoiesis in primary and secondary immunodeficient mice. Erythroid cells derived from edited PKD-HSPCs recovered normal ATP levels, demonstrating the restoration of RPK function in PKD erythropoiesis after gene editing. Our gene-editing strategy may represent a lifelong therapy to correct RPK functionality in RBCs for PKD patients.
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14
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Chen H, Cai J, Wang J, Qiu Y, Jiang C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yi C, Guo Lv, Pan L, Guan Y, Zheng J, Qiu D, Du C, Liu Q, Chen G, Yang Y, Xu Y, Xiang AP, Zhang Q. Targeting Nestin + hepatic stellate cells ameliorates liver fibrosis by facilitating TβRI degradation. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1176-1187. [PMID: 33217494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is a wound healing response that arises from various aetiologies. The intermediate filament protein Nestin has been reported to participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis during wound healing responses. However, little is known about the role Nestin plays in liver fibrosis. This study investigated the function and precise regulatory network of Nestin during liver fibrosis. METHODS Nestin expression was assessed via immunostaining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in fibrotic/cirrhotic samples. The induction of Nestin expression by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-Smad2/3 signalling was investigated through luciferase reporter assays. The functional role of Nestin in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was investigated by examining the pathway activity of profibrogenic TGFβ-Smad2/3 signalling and degradation of TGFβ receptor I (TβRI) after interfering with Nestin. The in vivo effects of knocking down Nestin were examined with an adeno-associated virus vector (serotype 6, AAV6) carrying short-hairpin RNA targeting Nestin in fibrotic mouse models. RESULTS Nestin was mainly expressed in activated HSCs and increased with the progression of liver fibrosis. The profibrogenic pathway TGFβ-Smad2/3 induced Nestin expression directly. Knocking down Nestin promoted caveolin 1-mediated TβRI degradation, resulting in TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathway impairment and reduced fibrosis marker expression in HSCs. In AAV6-treated murine fibrotic models, knocking down Nestin resulted in decreased levels of inflammatory infiltration, hepatocellular damage, and a reduced degree of fibrosis. CONCLUSION The expression of Nestin in HSCs was induced by TGFβ and positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis. Knockdown of Nestin decreased activation of the TGFβ pathway and alleviated liver fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate a novel role of Nestin in controlling HSC activation in liver fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY Liver fibrosis has various aetiologies but represents a common process in chronic liver diseases that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Herein, we demonstrate that the intermediate filament protein Nestin plays an essential profibrogenic role in liver fibrosis by forming a positive feedback loop with the TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Chen
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Jiang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Lv
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjun Guan
- Core Facility Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Du
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Bloomer H, Smith RH, Hakami W, Larochelle A. Genome editing in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-independent targeted integration. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1611-1624. [PMID: 33309880 PMCID: PMC8058434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo gene correction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of inherited human blood disorders. Use of engineered nucleases to target therapeutic transgenes to their endogenous genetic loci addresses many of the limitations associated with viral vector-based gene replacement strategies, such as insertional mutagenesis, variable gene dosage, and ectopic expression. Common methods of nuclease-mediated site-specific integration utilize the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway. However, these approaches are inefficient in HSPCs, where non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the primary DNA repair mechanism. Recently, a novel NHEJ-based approach to CRISPR-Cas9-mediated transgene knockin, known as homology-independent targeted integration (HITI), has demonstrated improved site-specific integration frequencies in non-dividing cells. Here we utilize a HITI-based approach to achieve robust site-specific transgene integration in human mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ HSPCs. As proof of concept, a reporter gene was targeted to a clinically relevant genetic locus using a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6 vector and single guide RNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes. We demonstrate high levels of stable HITI-mediated genome editing (∼21%) in repopulating HSPCs after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Our study demonstrates that HITI-mediated genome editing provides an effective alternative to HDR-based transgene integration in CD34+ HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bloomer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard H Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Waleed Hakami
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Salisbury-Ruf CT, Larochelle A. Advances and Obstacles in Homology-Mediated Gene Editing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:513. [PMID: 33535527 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homology-directed gene editing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a promising strategy for the treatment of inherited blood disorders, obviating many of the limitations associated with viral vector-mediated gene therapies. The use of CRISPR/Cas9 or other programmable nucleases and improved methods of homology template delivery have enabled precise ex vivo gene editing. These transformative advances have also highlighted technical challenges to achieve high-efficiency gene editing in HSPCs for therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss recent pre-clinical investigations utilizing homology-mediated gene editing in HSPCs and highlight various strategies to improve editing efficiency in these cells.
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17
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Martin RM, Ikeda K, Cromer MK, Uchida N, Nishimura T, Romano R, Tong AJ, Lemgart VT, Camarena J, Pavel-Dinu M, Sindhu C, Wiebking V, Vaidyanathan S, Dever DP, Bak RO, Laustsen A, Lesch BJ, Jakobsen MR, Sebastiano V, Nakauchi H, Porteus MH. Highly Efficient and Marker-free Genome Editing of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by CRISPR-Cas9 RNP and AAV6 Donor-Mediated Homologous Recombination. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:821-828.e5. [PMID: 31051134 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides powerful opportunities for in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery, and personalized stem cell-based therapeutics. Currently, only small edits can be engineered with high frequency, while larger modifications suffer from low efficiency and a resultant need for selection markers. Here, we describe marker-free genome editing in hPSCs using Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) in combination with AAV6-mediated DNA repair template delivery. We report highly efficient and bi-allelic integration frequencies across multiple loci and hPSC lines, achieving mono-allelic editing frequencies of up to 94% at the HBB locus. Using this method, we show robust bi-allelic correction of homozygous sickle cell mutations in a patient-derived induced PSC (iPSC) line. Thus, this strategy shows significant utility for generating hPSCs with large gene integrations and/or single-nucleotide changes at high frequency and without the need for introducing selection genes, enhancing the applicability of hPSC editing for research and translational uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuya Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nobuko Uchida
- ReGen Med Division, BOCO Silicon Valley, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | | | - Rosa Romano
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew J Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Viktor T Lemgart
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Camille Sindhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Volker Wiebking
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anders Laustsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus Research Centre of Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Benjamin J Lesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin R Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus Research Centre of Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Matthew H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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18
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Khan N, Maurya S, Bammidi S, Jayandharan GR. AAV6 Vexosomes Mediate Robust Suicide Gene Delivery in a Murine Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 17:497-504. [PMID: 32258213 PMCID: PMC7114838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During recombinant Adeno-associated virus (AAV) production, a proportionately large amount of vectors is released in the culture supernatant, which is often discarded. It has been shown that these vectors often associate with vesiculated structures, such as exosomes. Exosome-associated AAV (vexosomes) represent an additional gene-delivery platform. The efficiency of such vexosomes in suicide gene therapy is unexplored. In the present study, we have generated AAV serotype 6 vexosomes containing an inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9) suicide gene by a differential ultracentrifugation-based protocol. We further tested the cytotoxic potential of these vexosomes in a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in vitro and in vivo. The AAV6-iCasp9 containing vexosomes, when primed with a pro-drug (AP20187), demonstrated a significant loss in cell viability (57% ± 8% versus 100% ± 4.8%, p < 0.001) in comparison to mock-treated Huh7 cells. An intratumoral administration of AAV6-iCasp9 vexosomes and AP20187 in a murine xenograft model revealed a 2.3-fold increase in tumor regression in comparison to untreated animals. These findings were further corroborated by histological analysis and apoptosis assays. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of AAV6 vexosomes in a xenotransplantation model of HCC. Furthermore, the simplicity in production and isolation of vexosomes should further facilitate its application in other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubham Maurya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Lyons C, Razzoli M, Larson E, Svedberg D, Frontini A, Cinti S, Vulchanova L, Sanders M, Thomas M, Bartolomucci A. Optogenetic-induced sympathetic neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:2765-2773. [PMID: 31908033 PMCID: PMC7306786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that plays a major role in energy balance, obesity, and diabetes due to the potent glucose and lipid clearance that fuels its thermogenesis, which is largely mediated via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, thus far there has been little experimental validation of the hypothesis that selective neuromodulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT is sufficient to elicit thermogenesis in mice. We generated mice expressing blue light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT using two different strategies: injecting the BAT of C57Bl/6J mice with AAV6-hSyn-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP; crossbreeding tyrosine hydroxylase-Cre mice with floxed-stop ChR2-EYFP mice. The nerves in the BAT expressing ChR2 were selectively stimulated with a blue LED light positioned underneath the fat pad of anesthetized mice, while the BAT and core temperatures were simultaneously recorded. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the selective expression of EYFP in TH positive nerves fibers. In addition, local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves induced significant increase in the BAT temperature followed by an increase in core temperature in mice expressing ChR2, but not in the respective controls. The BAT activation was also paralleled by increased levels of pre-UCP1 transcript. Our results demonstrate that local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is sufficient to elicit BAT and core thermogenesis, thus suggesting that peripheral neuromodulation has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to pharmacotherapies to elicit organ activation and thus ameliorate type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Erin Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Sanders
- University Imaging Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
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20
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Orefice NS, Souchet B, Braudeau J, Alves S, Piguet F, Collaud F, Ronzitti G, Tada S, Hantraye P, Mingozzi F, Ducongé F, Cartier N. Real-Time Monitoring of Exosome Enveloped-AAV Spreading by Endomicroscopy Approach: A New Tool for Gene Delivery in the Brain. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:237-251. [PMID: 31440523 PMCID: PMC6699252 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes represent a strategy for optimizing the adeno-associated virus (AAV) toward the development of novel therapeutic options for neurodegenerative disorders. However, in vivo spreading of exosomes and AAVs after intracerebral administration is poorly understood. This study provides an assessment and comparison of the spreading into the brain of exosome-enveloped AAVs (exo-AAVs) or unassociated AAVs (std-AAVs) through in vivo optical imaging techniques like probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) and ex vivo fluorescence microscopy. The std-AAV serotypes (AAV6 and AAV9) encoding the GFP were enveloped in exosomes and injected into the ipsilateral hippocampus. At 3 months post-injection, pCLE detected enhanced GFP expression of both exo-AAV serotypes in contralateral hemispheres compared to std-AAVs. Although sparse GFP-positive astrocytes were observed using exo-AAVs, our results show that the enhancement of the transgene expression resulting from exo-AAVs was largely restricted to neurons and oligodendrocytes. Our results suggest (1) the possibility of combining gene therapy with an endoscopic approach to enable tracking of exo-AAV spread, and (2) exo-AAVs allow for widespread, long-term gene expression in the CNS, supporting the use of exo-AAVs as an efficient gene delivery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Salvatore Orefice
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Benoît Souchet
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Jérôme Braudeau
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Sandro Alves
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Françoise Piguet
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Fanny Collaud
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry 91002, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry 91002, France
| | - Satoru Tada
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (UMR9199), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry 91002, France
| | - Frédéric Ducongé
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 94100, France.,CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institut of Biology Francois Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
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21
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Charlesworth CT, Camarena J, Cromer MK, Vaidyanathan S, Bak RO, Carte JM, Potter J, Dever DP, Porteus MH. Priming Human Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cas9/sgRNA Gene Targeting. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018; 12:89-104. [PMID: 30195800 PMCID: PMC6023838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nuclease-mediated gene targeting through homologous recombination (HR) in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has the potential to treat a variety of genetic hematologic and immunologic disorders. Here, we identify critical parameters to reproducibly achieve high frequencies of RNA-guided (single-guide RNA [sgRNA]; CRISPR)-Cas9 nuclease (Cas9/sgRNA) and rAAV6-mediated HR at the β-globin (HBB) locus in HSPCs. We identified that by transducing HSPCs with rAAV6 post-electroporation, there was a greater than 2-fold electroporation-aided transduction (EAT) of rAAV6 endocytosis with roughly 70% of the cell population having undergone transduction within 2 hr. When HSPCs are cultured at low densities (1 × 105 cells/mL) prior to HBB targeting, HSPC expansion rates are significantly positively correlated with HR frequencies in vitro as well as in repopulating cells in immunodeficient NSG mice in vivo. We also show that culturing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-enriched HBB-targeted HSPCs at low cell densities in the presence of the small molecules, UM171 and SR1, stimulates the expansion of gene-edited HSPCs as measured by higher engraftment levels in immunodeficient mice. This work serves not only as an optimized protocol for genome editing HSPCs at the HBB locus for the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies but also as a foundation for editing HSPCs at other loci for both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Carte
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jason Potter
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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22
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Kurosaki F, Uchibori R, Sehara Y, Saga Y, Urabe M, Mizukami H, Hagiwara K, Kume A. AAV6-Mediated IL-10 Expression in the Lung Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1242-1251. [PMID: 29598007 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibroproliferative disorder with limited therapeutic options. An aberrant wound healing process in response to repetitive lung injury has been suggested for its pathogenesis, and a number of cytokines including transforming growth factor β1 play pivotal roles in the induction and progression of fibrosis. Thus, the regulation of these pro-inflammatory conditions may reduce the progression of IPF and ameliorate its symptoms in patients. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a pleiotropic cytokine, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in numerous biological settings. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of IL-10 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice with the continuous expression of this cytokine via an adeno-associated virus serotype 6 vector. Mice were administered the adeno-associated virus serotype 6 vector encoding mouse IL-10 by intratracheal injection, and osmotic minipumps containing bleomycin were subcutaneously implanted seven days later. Lung histology and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic cytokines were then analyzed. In mice exhibiting persistent IL-10 expression on day 35, the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells and the development of fibrosis in lung tissues were significantly reduced. Increases in transforming growth factor β1 and decreases in IFN-γ were also suppressed in treated animals, with changes in these cytokines playing important roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, IL-10 significantly improved survival in bleomycin-induced mice. Our results provide insights into the potential benefit of the anti-fibrotic effects of IL-10 as a novel therapeutic approach for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kurosaki
- 1 Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan .,2 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- 1 Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan .,3 Division of Immuno-Gene and Cell Therapy (Takara Bio), Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Sehara
- 1 Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saga
- 1 Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan .,4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masashi Urabe
- 1 Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- 1 Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kume
- 5 Support Center for Clinical Investigation, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Vectors derived from adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have been generated using numerous naturally occurring and synthetic serotypes of the virus. Such vectors have proven to be extremely useful for a variety of gene transfer studies, both in vitro and in vivo, and are increasingly being used in gene therapy protocols for a variety of human disorders. Methods to produce AAV vectors typically rely on co-transfection of several different plasmid vectors that carry the transgene of interest (the gene to be delivered , in a "transfer plasmid") and helper genes needed for AAV vector replication and packaging (helper plasmids). While the methods used to generate AAV are conceptually simple, minor variations in a variety of steps can result in significant differences in the overall yield of vector. Here we describe protocols for generating vectors derived from AAV6, which are particularly useful for gene transfer to muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Halbert
- Department of Neurology, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| | - James M Allen
- Department of Neurology, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA.
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24
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Wang F, Huang C, Cao J, Liu X, Wang D, Zhang C, Chen Q. A novel and highly efficient AAV6 mutant. Virus Genes 2018; 54:165-71. [PMID: 29282655 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus has been gaining prominence in its use as a highly secure virus gene vector with low immunogenicity in the field of human gene therapy. However, wild-type adeno-associated virus sometimes has low transduction efficiency for certain tissues or cells both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, achieving the desired level of expression often requires a large dose. Large doses of viral injection in clinical applications will not only trigger the body's immune response but will come at a high production cost. To improve the transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus 6 (AAV6), we herein used fusion PCR to mutate a specific amino acid of the VP2 region of the wild-type AAV6 (AAV6-WT) and obtained AAV6-S663L, AAV6Y705 + 731F + T492A, AAV6Y705 + 731F + T492 V + S663 V and so on. We concluded that AAV6-S663L was the most efficient AAV6 mutant. When HEK293 cells were infected in vitro with a virus at a multiplicity of infection value of 1000, the transduction rate of AAV6-WT was only 43.8%, while that of AAV6-S663L was 83.9%. This highly efficient AAV6 mutant is highly significant for the future use of AAV6 in gene therapy.
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25
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Quirin KA, Kwon JJ, Alioufi A, Factora T, Temm CJ, Jacobsen M, Sandusky GE, Shontz K, Chicoine LG, Clark KR, Mendell JT, Korc M, Kota J. Safety and Efficacy of AAV Retrograde Pancreatic Ductal Gene Delivery in Normal and Pancreatic Cancer Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 8:8-20. [PMID: 29349096 PMCID: PMC5675991 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene delivery shows promise to transduce the pancreas, but safety/efficacy in a neoplastic context is not well established. To identify an ideal AAV serotype, route, and vector dose and assess safety, we have investigated the use of three AAV serotypes (6, 8, and 9) expressing GFP in a self-complementary (sc) AAV vector under an EF1α promoter (scAAV.GFP) following systemic or retrograde pancreatic intraductal delivery. Systemic delivery of scAAV9.GFP transduced the pancreas with high efficiency, but gene expression did not exceed >45% with the highest dose, 5 × 1012 viral genomes (vg). Intraductal delivery of 1 × 1011 vg scAAV6.GFP transduced acini, ductal cells, and islet cells with >50%, ∼48%, and >80% efficiency, respectively, and >80% pancreatic transduction was achieved with 5 × 1011 vg. In a KrasG12D-driven pancreatic cancer mouse model, intraductal delivery of scAAV6.GFP targeted acini, epithelial, and stromal cells and exhibited persistent gene expression 5 months post-delivery. In normal mice, intraductal delivery induced a transient increase in serum amylase/lipase that resolved within a day of infusion with no sustained pancreatic inflammation or fibrosis. Similarly, in PDAC mice, intraductal delivery did not increase pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression/fibrosis. Our study demonstrates that scAAV6 targets the pancreas/neoplasm efficiently and safely via retrograde pancreatic intraductal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Quirin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jason J Kwon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arafat Alioufi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tricia Factora
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Max Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Kim Shontz
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Louis G Chicoine
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - K Reed Clark
- Dimension Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indiana University and Purdue University-Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 43202, USA.,Department of Medicine, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 43202, USA
| | - Janaiah Kota
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indiana University and Purdue University-Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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26
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Kasper JM, McCue DL, Milton AJ, Szwed A, Sampson CM, Huang M, Carlton S, Meltzer HY, Cunningham KA, Hommel JD. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acidergic Projections From the Dorsal Raphe to the Nucleus Accumbens Are Regulated by Neuromedin U. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:878-887. [PMID: 27105831 PMCID: PMC5016225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide enriched in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), a brain region associated with reward. While NMU and its receptor, NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2), have been studied for the ability to regulate food reward, NMU has not been studied in the context of drugs of abuse (e.g., cocaine). Furthermore, the neuroanatomical pathways that express NMUR2 and its ultrastructural localization are unknown. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the synaptic localization of NMUR2 in the NAcSh and characterize which neurons express this receptor (n = 17). The functional outcome of NMU on NMUR2 was examined using microdialysis (n = 16). The behavioral effects of NMU microinjection directly to the NAcSh were investigated using cocaine-evoked locomotion (n = 93). The specific effects of NMUR2 knockdown on cocaine-evoked locomotion were evaluated using viral-mediated RNA interference (n = 40). RESULTS NMUR2 is localized to presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acidergic nerve terminals in the NAcSh originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus. Furthermore, NMU microinjection to the NAcSh decreased local gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Next, we evaluated the effects of NMU microinjection on behavioral sensitization to cocaine. When repeatedly administered throughout the sensitization regimen, NMU attenuated cocaine-evoked hyperactivity. Additionally, small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of presynaptic NMUR2 in the NAcSh using a retrograde viral vector potentiated cocaine sensitization. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data reveal that NMUR2 modulates a novel gamma-aminobutyric acidergic pathway from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the NAcSh to influence behavioral responses to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Kasper
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - David L. McCue
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Adrianna J. Milton
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Angelia Szwed
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Catherine M. Sampson
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Susan Carlton
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Hommel
- Center for Addiction Research, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA,Correspondence: , Jonathan D. Hommel, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0615
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Schober AL, Gagarkin DA, Chen Y, Gao G, Jacobson L, Mongin AA. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 6 (r AAV6) Potently and Preferentially Transduces Rat Astrocytes In vitro and In vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:262. [PMID: 27891076 PMCID: PMC5104754 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors are an increasingly popular tool for gene delivery to the CNS because of their non-pathological nature, low immunogenicity, and ability to stably transduce dividing and non-dividing cells. One of the limitations of rAAVs is their preferential tropism for neuronal cells. Glial cells, specifically astrocytes, appear to be infected at low rates. To overcome this limitation, previous studies utilized rAAVs with astrocyte-specific promoters or assorted rAAV serotypes and pseudotypes with purported selectivity for astrocytes. Yet, the reported glial infection rates are not consistent from study to study. In the present work, we tested seven commercially available recombinant serotypes- rAAV1, 2, and 5 through 9, for their ability to transduce primary rat astrocytes [visualized via viral expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)]. In cell cultures, rAAV6 consistently demonstrated the highest infection rates, while rAAV2 showed astrocytic transduction in some, but not all, of the tested viral batches. To verify that all rAAV constructs utilized by us were viable and effective, we confirmed high infectivity rates in retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19), which are known to be transduced by numerous rAAV serotypes. Based on the in vitro results, we next tested the cell type tropism of rAAV6 and rAAV2 in vivo, which were both injected in the barrel cortex at approximately equal doses. Three weeks later, the brains were sectioned and immunostained for viral GFP and the neuronal marker NeuN or the astrocytic marker GFAP. We found that rAAV6 strongly and preferentially transduced astrocytes (>90% of cells in the virus-infected areas), but not neurons (∼10% infection rate). On the contrary, rAAV2 preferentially infected neurons (∼65%), but not astrocytes (∼20%). Overall, our results suggest that rAAV6 can be used as a tool for manipulating gene expression (either delivery or knockdown) in rat astrocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Schober
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, AlbanyNY, USA
| | - Dmitriy A. Gagarkin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, AlbanyNY, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- ViGene Biosciences, Inc., RockvilleMD, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center–Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, WorcesterMA, USA
| | - Lauren Jacobson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, AlbanyNY, USA
| | - Alexander A. Mongin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, AlbanyNY, USA
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