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Churchill CC, Peterson CD, Kitto KF, Pflepsen KR, Belur LR, McIvor RS, Vulchanova L, Wilcox GL, Fairbanks CA. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of arginine decarboxylase to the central nervous system prevents opioid analgesic tolerance. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2024; 4:1269017. [PMID: 38405182 PMCID: PMC10884299 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1269017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Agmatine, a decarboxylated form of L-arginine, prevents opioid analgesic tolerance, dependence, and self-administration when given by both central and systemic routes of administration. Endogenous agmatine has been previously detected in the central nervous system. The presence of a biochemical pathway for agmatine synthesis offers the opportunity for site-specific overexpression of the presumptive synthetic enzyme for local therapeutic effects. In the present study, we evaluated the development of opioid analgesic tolerance in ICR-CD1 mice pre-treated with either vehicle control or intrathecally delivered adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) carrying the gene for human arginine decarboxylase (hADC). Vehicle-treated or AAV-hADC-treated mice were each further divided into two groups which received repeated delivery over three days of either saline or systemically-delivered morphine intended to induce opioid analgesic tolerance. Morphine analgesic dose-response curves were constructed in all subjects on day four using the warm water tail flick assay as the dependent measure. We observed that pre-treatment with AAV-hADC prevented the development of analgesic tolerance to morphine. Peripheral and central nervous system tissues were collected and analyzed for presence of hADC mRNA. In a similar experiment, AAV-hADC pre-treatment prevented the development of analgesic tolerance to a high dose of the opioid neuropeptide endomorphin-2. Intrathecal delivery of anti-agmatine IgG (but not normal IgG) reversed the inhibition of endomorphin-2 analgesic tolerance in AAV-hADC-treated mice. To summarize, we report here the effects of AAV-mediated gene transfer of human ADC (hADC) in models of opioid-induced analgesic tolerance. This study suggests that gene therapy may contribute to reducing opioid analgesic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Churchill
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Cristina D. Peterson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelley F. Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelsey R. Pflepsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lalitha R. Belur
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - George L. Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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2
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Gore R, Esmail T, Pflepsen K, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Kitto KF, Riedl MS, Karlen A, McIvor RS, Honda CN, Fairbanks CA, Vulchanova L. AAV-mediated gene transfer to colon-innervating primary afferent neurons. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2023; 4:1225246. [PMID: 37599864 PMCID: PMC10436501 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1225246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neural circuits underlying visceral pain is hampered by the difficulty in achieving selective manipulations of individual circuit components. In this study, we adapted a dual AAV approach, used for projection-specific transgene expression in the CNS, to explore the potential for targeted delivery of transgenes to primary afferent neurons innervating visceral organs. Focusing on the extrinsic sensory innervation of the mouse colon, we first characterized the extent of dual transduction following intrathecal delivery of one AAV9 vector and intracolonic delivery of a second AAV9 vector. We found that if the two AAV9 vectors were delivered one week apart, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron transduction by the second vector was greatly diminished. Following delivery of the two viruses on the same day, we observed colocalization of the transgenes in DRG neurons, indicating dual transduction. Next, we delivered intrathecally an AAV9 vector encoding the inhibitory chemogenetic actuator hM4D(Gi) in a Cre-recombinase dependent manner, and on the same day injected an AAV9 vector carrying Cre-recombinase in the colon. DRG expression of hM4D(Gi) was demonstrated at the mRNA and protein level. However, we were unable to demonstrate selective inhibition of visceral nociception following hM4D(Gi) activation. Taken together, these results establish a foundation for development of strategies for targeted transduction of primary afferent neurons for neuromodulation of peripheral neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Gore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tina Esmail
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelsey Pflepsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Kelley F. Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maureen S. Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Andrea Karlen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher N. Honda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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3
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Joukal M, Vulchanova L, Dubový P. Editorial: The brain barriers in diseases of the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1215651. [PMID: 37265582 PMCID: PMC10230063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1215651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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4
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Peterson CD, Waataja JJ, Kitto KF, Erb SJ, Verma H, Schuster DJ, Churchill CC, Riedl MS, Belur LR, Wolf DA, McIvor RS, Vulchanova L, Wilcox GL, Fairbanks CA. Long-term reversal of chronic pain behavior in rodents through elevation of spinal agmatine. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1123-1135. [PMID: 36710491 PMCID: PMC10124077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a significant burden worldwide, and treatments are often limited by safety or efficacy. The decarboxylated form of L-arginine, agmatine, antagonizes N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, inhibits nitric oxide synthase, and reverses behavioral neuroplasticity. We hypothesized that expressing the proposed synthetic enzyme for agmatine in the sensory pathway could reduce chronic pain without motor deficits. Intrathecal delivery of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector carrying the gene for arginine decarboxylase (ADC) prevented the development of chronic neuropathic pain as induced by spared nerve injury in mice and rats and persistently reversed established hypersensitivity 266 days post-injury. Spinal long-term potentiation was inhibited by both exogenous agmatine and AAV-human ADC (hADC) vector pre-treatment but was enhanced in rats treated with anti-agmatine immunoneutralizing antibodies. These data suggest that endogenous agmatine modulates the neuroplasticity associated with chronic pain. Development of approaches to access this inhibitory control of neuroplasticity associated with chronic pain may yield important non-opioid pain-relieving options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina D Peterson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan J Waataja
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel J Erb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harsha Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Schuster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Caroline C Churchill
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maureen S Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lalitha R Belur
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel A Wolf
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, College of Pharmacy, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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5
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Tyshynsky R, Sensarma S, Riedl M, Bukowy J, Schramm LP, Vulchanova L, Osborn JW. Periglomerular afferent innervation of the mouse renal cortex. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:974197. [PMID: 36777644 PMCID: PMC9909228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.974197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using a novel method for targeted ablation of afferent renal nerves have demonstrated their importance in the development and maintenance of some animal models of hypertension. However, relatively little is known about the anatomy of renal afferent nerves distal to the renal pelvis. Here, we investigated the anatomical relationship between renal glomeruli and afferent axons identified based on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1) lineage or calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) immunolabeling. Analysis of over 6,000 (10,000 was accurate prior to the removal of the TH data during the review process) glomeruli from wildtype C57BL/6J mice and transgenic mice expressing tdTomato in TRPV1 lineage cells indicated that approximately half of all glomeruli sampled were closely apposed to tdTomato+ or CGRP+ afferent axons. Glomeruli were categorized as superficial, midcortical, or juxtamedullary based on their depth within the cortex. Juxtamedullary glomeruli were more likely to be closely apposed by afferent axon subtypes than more superficial glomeruli. High-resolution imaging of thick, cleared renal slices and subsequent distance transformations revealed that CGRP+ axons closely apposed to glomeruli were often found within 2 microns of nephrin+ labeling of glomerular podocytes. Furthermore, imaging of thick slices suggested that CGRP+ axon bundles can closely appose multiple glomeruli that share the same interlobular artery. Based on their expression of CGRP or tdTomato, prevalence near glomeruli, proximity to glomerular structures, and close apposition to multiple glomeruli within a module, we hypothesize that periglomerular afferent axons may function as mechanoreceptors monitoring glomerular pressure. These anatomical findings highlight the importance of further studies investigating the physiological role of periglomerular afferent axons in neural control of renal function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tyshynsky
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sulagna Sensarma
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maureen Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John Bukowy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lawrence P. Schramm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John W. Osborn
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: John W. Osborn,
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6
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Ruiz Lauar M, Pestana-Oliveira N, Vulchanova L, Van Helden D, Collister JP, Banek CT, Evans LC, Menani JV, Osborn JW. Abstract 075: The Kidney-OVLT Neuroaxis Mediates Neurogenic Hypertension And Polydipsia In 2-Kidney, 1-Clip Rats. Hypertension 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.79.suppl_1.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal afferent nerves mediate activation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension in rats with unilateral renal artery stenosis (2K1C-HTN). However, the central neural structures that mediate this response are unclear. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), has also been implicated in the regulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and sympathetic activity in preclinical models of hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that afferent renal nerves and the OVLT share a common neural pathway required for the development of 2K1C-HTN. Two experiments were conducted.
1:
Male rats (n=5-9) were implanted with telemeters to measure MAP. 1-week later they received a clip on the left renal artery and were subjected to afferent renal denervation (ARDN) by periaxonal capsaicin (2K1C-ARDN) or sham (2K1C-sham) treatment of the clipped kidney.
2:
Male rats (n=6-8) were subjected to lesioning of the OVLT (OVLTx) or sham operation. 1-week later telemeters were implanted and 7 days later the left renal artery was stenosed by application of a silver clip. In both experiments, MAP was measured continuously for 6 weeks, and water intake (WI) was measured once a week. Neurogenic pressor activity (NPA) was assessed by measuring the peak MAP response to ganglionic blockade.
EXPT 1 Results:
At the end of the protocol, MAP was 165±5 mmHg in 2K1C-sham compared to 131±10mmHg in 2K-1C-ARDN rats (p<0.001). WI increased in 2K1C-sham rats peaking at 110±13 ml/day at week 2. In contrast, WI was markedly reduced in 2K1C-ARDN rats at this same time point (41±3 ml/day). NPA was increased in 2K1C-sham (-50 ± 4 mmHg) but was reduced in 2K1C-ARDN (-25 ± 3 mmHg) rats (p<0.05).
EXPT 2 Results:
At end of the protocol MAP was 162±6 mmHg in sham-2K1C rats compared to 135±8 mmHg in OVLTx-2K1C rats (p<0.001). WI peaked at 74±9 ml/day in sham lesion-2K1C compared to 52±9 ml/day in OVLTx-2K1C rats at week 2 (p<0.05). NPA was increased in sham-2K1C rats (-51 ± 3 mmHg) but was reduced in OVLTx-2K1C rats (-31 ± 4 mmHg) (p<0.05). Since both ARDN and OVLTx attenuated MAP, WI, and NPA similarly in 2K1C rats, we hypothesize that afferent renal nerves and the OVLT are linked in a common neural pathway required for the development of hypertension following renal artery stenosis.
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Tyshynsky R, Van Helden D, Baumann DC, Sensarma S, Kram R, Vulchanova L, Osborn JW. TRPV1+ Sensory Fibers in the Mouse Renal Cortex ‐ Juxtaglomerular Anatomy and Optogenetic Stimulation. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel C. Baumann
- Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
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Ruiz Lauar M, Ross J, Almutlaq R, Guntipally S, Mussatto D, Vulchanova L, Osborn JW, Evans LC. Renal Afferent Nerves Regulate Salt Appetite in DOCA Hypertensive Rats. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaryd Ross
- SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Rawan Almutlaq
- Graduate Program in Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | | | | | | | - John W. Osborn
- SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
- Graduate Program in Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Louise C. Evans
- SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
- Graduate Program in Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
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9
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Skorput AGJ, Gore R, Schorn R, Riedl MS, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Hadlich B, Kitto KF, Fairbanks CA, Vulchanova L. Targeting the somatosensory system with AAV9 and AAV2retro viral vectors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264938. [PMID: 35271639 PMCID: PMC8912232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors allow for site-specific and time-dependent genetic manipulation of neurons. However, for successful implementation of AAV vectors, major consideration must be given to the selection of viral serotype and route of delivery for efficient gene transfer into the cell type being investigated. Here we compare the transduction pattern of neurons in the somatosensory system following injection of AAV9 or AAV2retro in the parabrachial complex of the midbrain, the spinal cord dorsal horn, the intrathecal space, and the colon. Transduction was evaluated based on Cre-dependent expression of tdTomato in transgenic reporter mice, following delivery of AAV9 or AAV2retro carrying identical constructs that drive the expression of Cre/GFP. The pattern of distribution of tdTomato expression indicated notable differences in the access of the two AAV serotypes to primary afferent neurons via peripheral delivery in the colon and to spinal projections neurons via intracranial delivery within the parabrachial complex. Additionally, our results highlight the superior sensitivity of detection of neuronal transduction based on reporter expression relative to expression of viral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. J. Skorput
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Reshma Gore
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rachel Schorn
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Maureen S. Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Bailey Hadlich
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kelley F. Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Carolyn A. Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Pflepsen KR, Peterson CD, Kitto KF, Riedl MS, McIvor RS, Wilcox GL, Vulchanova L, Fairbanks CA. Biodistribution of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 5 Viral Vectors Following Intrathecal Injection. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3741-3749. [PMID: 34460254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile of AAV particles following intrathecal delivery has not yet been clearly defined. The present study evaluated the distribution profile of adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5) viral vectors following lumbar intrathecal injection in mice. After a single bolus intrathecal injection, viral DNA concentrations in mouse whole blood, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The kinetics of AAV5 vector in whole blood and the concentration over time in spinal and peripheral tissues were analyzed. Distribution of the AAV5 vector to all levels of the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and into systemic circulation occurred rapidly within 30 min following injection. Vector concentration in whole blood reached a maximum 6 h postinjection with a half-life of approximately 12 h. Area under the curve data revealed the highest concentration of vector distributed to dorsal root ganglia tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed AAV5 particle colocalization with the pia mater at the spinal cord and macrophages in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) 30 min after injection. These results demonstrate the widespread distribution of AAV5 particles through cerebrospinal fluid and preferential targeting of DRG tissue with possible clearance mechanisms via DRG macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Pflepsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cristina D Peterson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maureen S Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Belur LR, Romero M, Lee J, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Nan Z, Riedl MS, Vulchanova L, Kitto KF, Fairbanks CA, Kozarsky KF, Orchard PJ, Frey WH, Low WC, McIvor RS. Comparative Effectiveness of Intracerebroventricular, Intrathecal, and Intranasal Routes of AAV9 Vector Administration for Genetic Therapy of Neurologic Disease in Murine Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:618360. [PMID: 34040503 PMCID: PMC8141728 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.618360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA). The two current treatments [hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)], are insufficiently effective in addressing neurologic disease, in part due to the inability of lysosomal enzyme to cross the blood brain barrier. With a goal to more effectively treat neurologic disease, we have investigated the effectiveness of AAV-mediated IDUA gene delivery to the brain using several different routes of administration. Animals were treated by either direct intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, by intrathecal (IT) infusion into the cerebrospinal fluid, or by intranasal (IN) instillation of AAV9-IDUA vector. AAV9-IDUA was administered to IDUA-deficient mice that were either immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (CP), or immunotolerized at birth by weekly injections of human iduronidase. In animals treated by ICV or IT administration, levels of IDUA enzyme ranged from 3- to 1000-fold that of wild type levels in all parts of the microdissected brain. In animals administered vector intranasally, enzyme levels were 100-fold that of wild type in the olfactory bulb, but enzyme expression was close to wild type levels in other parts of the brain. Glycosaminoglycan levels were reduced to normal in ICV and IT treated mice, and in IN treated mice they were normalized in the olfactory bulb, or reduced in other parts of the brain. Immunohistochemical analysis showed extensive IDUA expression in all parts of the brain of ICV treated mice, while IT treated animals showed transduction that was primarily restricted to the hind brain with some sporadic labeling seen in the mid- and fore brain. At 6 months of age, animals were tested for spatial navigation, memory, and neurocognitive function in the Barnes maze; all treated animals were indistinguishable from normal heterozygous control animals, while untreated IDUA deficient animals exhibited significant learning and spatial navigation deficits. We conclude that IT and IN routes are acceptable and alternate routes of administration, respectively, of AAV vector delivery to the brain with effective IDUA expression, while all three routes of administration prevent the emergence of neurocognitive deficiency in a mouse MPS I model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha R Belur
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Megan Romero
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Junggu Lee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelly M Podetz-Pedersen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zhenhong Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maureen S Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Paul J Orchard
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - William H Frey
- HealthPartners Neurosciences, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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12
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Abstract
Renal sympathetic (efferent) nerves play an important role in the regulation of renal function, including glomerular filtration, sodium reabsorption, and renin release. The kidney is also innervated by sensory (afferent) nerves that relay information to the brain to modulate sympathetic outflow. Hypertension and other cardiometabolic diseases are linked to overactivity of renal sympathetic and sensory nerves, but our mechanistic understanding of these relationships is limited. Clinical trials of catheter-based renal nerve ablation to treat hypertension have yielded promising results. Therefore, a greater understanding of how renal nerves control the kidney under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is needed. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the anatomy of efferent and afferent renal nerves and their functions in normal and pathophysiological conditions. We also suggest further avenues of research for development of novel therapies targeting the renal nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Osborn
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Roman Tyshynsky
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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13
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Belur LR, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Tran TA, Mesick JA, Singh NM, Riedl M, Vulchanova L, Kozarsky KF, McIvor RS. Intravenous delivery for treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I: A comparison of AAV serotypes 9 and rh10. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 24:100604. [PMID: 32461912 PMCID: PMC7242863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA), resulting in accumulation of heparan and dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Individuals with the most severe form of the disease (Hurler syndrome) suffer from neurodegeneration, intellectual disability, and death by age 10. Current treatments for this disease include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). However, these treatments do not address CNS manifestations of the disease. In this study we compared the ability of intravenously administered AAV serotypes 9 and rh10 (AAV9 and AAVrh10) for delivery and expression of the IDUA gene in the CNS. Adult C57BL/6 MPS I mice were infused intravenously with either AAV9 or AAVrh10 vector encoding the human IDUA gene. Treated animals demonstrated supraphysiological levels and widespread restoration of IDUA enzyme activity in the plasma and all organs including the CNS. High levels of IDUA enzyme activity were observed in the plasma, brain and spinal cord ranging from 10 to 100-fold higher than heterozygote controls, while levels in peripheral organs were also high, ranging from 1000 to 10,000-fold higher than control animals. In general, levels of IDUA expression were slightly higher in peripheral organs for AAVrh10 administered animals although these differences were not significant except for the lung. Levels of IDUA expression between AAV 9 and rh10 were roughly equivalent in the brain. Urinary and tissue GAGs were significantly reduced starting at 3 weeks after vector infusion, with restoration of normal GAG levels by the end of the study in animals treated with either AAV9 or rh10. These results demonstrate that non-invasive intravenous AAV9 or AAVrh10-mediated IDUA gene therapy is a potentially effective treatment for both systemic and CNS manifestations of MPS I, with implications for the treatment of other metabolic and neurological diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha R. Belur
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Church St. S. E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kelly M. Podetz-Pedersen
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Church St. S. E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thuy An Tran
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Church St. S. E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua A. Mesick
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Church St. S. E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nathaniel M. Singh
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Church St. S. E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maureen Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 6-145 Jackson Hall, Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 6-145 Jackson Hall, Church St. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karen F. Kozarsky
- REGENXBIO Inc., 9600 Blackwell Road, Suite 210, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Church St. S. E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Joukal M, Vulchanova L, Huffman C, Dubový P, Honda CN. Peripheral Deltorphin II Inhibits Nociceptors Following Nerve Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1151. [PMID: 32848761 PMCID: PMC7411131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed that local administration of opioid agonists into peripheral tissue attenuates inflammatory pain. However, few studies have examined whether peripherally restricted opioids are effective in reducing mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia that usually follows nerve injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the mechanical responsiveness of C-fiber mechanical nociceptors innervating skin under neuropathic pain conditions is depressed by direct activation of delta opioid receptors (DORs) on their peripheral terminals. A murine model of peripheral neuropathic pain was induced with a spared nerve (tibial) injury, in which mice survived 7 or 28 days after surgery before electrophysiological testing began. Control groups comprised naïve and sham-operated animals. An ex vivo preparation of mouse plantar skin with attached tibial nerve was used to examine electrophysiologically the effects of the selective DOR agonist, deltorphin II, on the response properties of individual cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors. In contrast to naïve and sham-operated animals, deltorphin II induced an inhibition of the mechanical responsiveness of C-fiber mechanical nociceptors innervating skin under neuropathic conditions. The effects of deltorphin II were concentration-dependent and prevented by pretreatment with naltrindole indicating DOR-mediated inhibitory effects of deltorphin II. Our results provide the first direct evidence for expression of functional DORs on mechanical nociceptors innervating skin in an animal model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Cecilia Huffman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Christopher N Honda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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15
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Tyshynsky R, Van Helden D, Larson E, Sensarma S, Schramm LP, Vulchanova L, Osborn JW. SPARC ‐ Anatomical Analysis and Optogenetic Stimulation of TRPV1+ Sensory Fibers in the Renal Cortex. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Lyons C, Razzoli M, Larson E, Svedberg D, Frontini A, Cinti S, Vulchanova L, Sanders M, Thomas M, Bartolomucci A. Optogenetic-induced sympathetic neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:2765-2773. [PMID: 31908033 PMCID: PMC7306786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that plays a major role in energy balance, obesity, and diabetes due to the potent glucose and lipid clearance that fuels its thermogenesis, which is largely mediated via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, thus far there has been little experimental validation of the hypothesis that selective neuromodulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT is sufficient to elicit thermogenesis in mice. We generated mice expressing blue light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT using two different strategies: injecting the BAT of C57Bl/6J mice with AAV6-hSyn-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP; crossbreeding tyrosine hydroxylase-Cre mice with floxed-stop ChR2-EYFP mice. The nerves in the BAT expressing ChR2 were selectively stimulated with a blue LED light positioned underneath the fat pad of anesthetized mice, while the BAT and core temperatures were simultaneously recorded. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the selective expression of EYFP in TH positive nerves fibers. In addition, local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves induced significant increase in the BAT temperature followed by an increase in core temperature in mice expressing ChR2, but not in the respective controls. The BAT activation was also paralleled by increased levels of pre-UCP1 transcript. Our results demonstrate that local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is sufficient to elicit BAT and core thermogenesis, thus suggesting that peripheral neuromodulation has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to pharmacotherapies to elicit organ activation and thus ameliorate type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Erin Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Sanders
- University Imaging Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
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17
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Peterson CD, Skorput AGJ, Kitto KF, Wilcox GL, Vulchanova L, Fairbanks CA. AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery to the Spinal Cord by Intrathecal Injection. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1950:199-207. [PMID: 30783975 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9139-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy targeting the spinal cord is an important tool for analyzing mechanisms of nervous system diseases and the development of gene therapies. Analogous to a lumbar puncture in humans, the rodent spinal cord can be accessed through an efficient, noninvasive injection. Here we describe a method for AAV-mediated gene transfer to cells of the spinal cord by intrathecal injection of small quantities of AAV vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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18
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Borges da Silva H, Beura LK, Wang H, Hanse EA, Gore R, Scott MC, Walsh DA, Block KE, Fonseca R, Yan Y, Hippen KL, Blazar BR, Masopust D, Kelekar A, Vulchanova L, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC. The purinergic receptor P2RX7 directs metabolic fitness of long-lived memory CD8 + T cells. Nature 2018; 559:264-268. [PMID: 29973721 PMCID: PMC6054485 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is an ancient 'danger signal' used by eukaryotes to detect cellular damage1. In mice and humans, the release of eATP during inflammation or injury stimulates both innate immune activation and chronic pain through the purinergic receptor P2RX72-4. It is unclear, however, whether this pathway influences the generation of immunological memory, a hallmark of the adaptive immune system that constitutes the basis of vaccines and protective immunity against re-infection5,6. Here we show that P2RX7 is required for the establishment, maintenance and functionality of long-lived central and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cell populations in mice. By contrast, P2RX7 is not required for the generation of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, P2RX7 promotes mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic function in differentiating memory CD8+ T cells, at least in part by inducing AMP-activated protein kinase. Pharmacological inhibitors of P2RX7 provoked dysregulated metabolism and differentiation of activated mouse and human CD8+ T cells in vitro, and transient P2RX7 blockade in vivo ameliorated neuropathic pain but also compromised production of CD8+ memory T cells. These findings show that activation of P2RX7 by eATP provides a common currency that both alerts the nervous and immune system to tissue damage, and promotes the metabolic fitness and survival of the most durable and functionally relevant memory CD8+ T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Borges da Silva
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Reshma Gore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel A Walsh
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katharine E Block
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raissa Fonseca
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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19
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Doolen S, Cook J, Riedl M, Kitto K, Kohsaka S, Honda CN, Fairbanks CA, Taylor BK, Vulchanova L. Complement 3a receptor in dorsal horn microglia mediates pronociceptive neuropeptide signaling. Glia 2017; 65:1976-1989. [PMID: 28850719 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The complement 3a receptor (C3aR1) participates in microglial signaling under pathological conditions and was recently shown to be activated by the neuropeptide TLQP-21. We previously demonstrated that TLQP-21 elicits hyperalgesia and contributes to nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity through an unknown mechanism in the spinal cord. Here we determined that this mechanism requires C3aR1 and that microglia are the cellular target for TLQP-21. We propose a novel neuroimmune signaling pathway involving TLQP-21-induced activation of microglial C3aR1 that then contributes to spinal neuroplasticity and neuropathic pain. This unique dual-ligand activation of C3aR1 by a neuropeptide (TLQP-21) and an immune mediator (C3a) represents a potential broad-spectrum mechanism throughout the CNS for integration of neuroimmune crosstalk at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Doolen
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0298
| | - Jennifer Cook
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maureen Riedl
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Kelley Kitto
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | | | - Christopher N Honda
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.,Departments of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.,Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0298
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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20
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Belur LR, Temme A, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Riedl M, Vulchanova L, Robinson N, Hanson LR, Kozarsky KF, Orchard PJ, Frey WH, Low WC, McIvor RS. Intranasal Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Delivery and Expression of Human Iduronidase in the Central Nervous System: A Noninvasive and Effective Approach for Prevention of Neurologic Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:576-587. [PMID: 28462595 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive, multi-systemic, inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Current treatments for this disease are ineffective in treating central nervous system (CNS) disease due to the inability of lysosomal enzymes to traverse the blood-brain barrier. A noninvasive and effective approach was taken in the treatment of CNS disease by intranasal administration of an IDUA-encoding adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector. Adult IDUA-deficient mice aged 3 months were instilled intranasally with AAV9-IDUA vector. Animals sacrificed 5 months post instillation exhibited IDUA enzyme activity levels that were up to 50-fold that of wild-type mice in the olfactory bulb, with wild-type levels of enzyme restored in all other parts of the brain. Intranasal treatment with AAV9-IDUA also resulted in the reduction of tissue glycosaminoglycan storage materials in the brain. There was strong IDUA immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections observed in the nasal epithelium and olfactory bulb, but there was no evidence of the presence of transduced cells in other portions of the brain. This indicates that reduction of storage materials most likely occurred as a result of enzyme diffusion from the olfactory bulb and the nasal epithelium into deeper areas of the brain. At 8 months of age, neurocognitive testing using the Barnes maze to assess spatial navigation demonstrated that treated IDUA-deficient mice were no different from normal control animals, while untreated IDUA-deficient mice exhibited significant learning and navigation deficits. This novel, noninvasive strategy for intranasal AAV9-IDUA instillation could potentially be used to treat CNS manifestations of human MPS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha R Belur
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Alexa Temme
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Kelly M Podetz-Pedersen
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Maureen Riedl
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Nicholas Robinson
- 3 Department of Research Animal Resources, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Leah R Hanson
- 4 HealthPartners Neurosciences, Regions Hospital , St. Paul, Minneapolis
| | | | - Paul J Orchard
- 6 Program in Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - William H Frey
- 4 HealthPartners Neurosciences, Regions Hospital , St. Paul, Minneapolis
| | - Walter C Low
- 7 Department of Neurosurgery and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - R Scott McIvor
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
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21
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Belur L, Tran TA, Pedersen KM, Riedl M, Vulchanova L, Kozarsky K, Low WC, McIvor RS. 369. Therapeutic Effectiveness of AAV-Mediated Iduronidase Delivery to the CNS Following Intravenous Administration in a Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Belur L, Buckvold M, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Riedl M, Vulchanova L, Hanson L, Fairbanks C, Kozarsky K, Frey WH, Low WC, Mclvor RS. 25. Intranasal Gene Delivery of AAV Iduronidase: An Effective and Non-Invasive Approach for Treatmentof CNS Disease in a Murine Model of MPS Type I. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)32834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Kashem SW, Riedl MS, Yao C, Honda CN, Vulchanova L, Kaplan DH. Nociceptive Sensory Fibers Drive Interleukin-23 Production from CD301b+ Dermal Dendritic Cells and Drive Protective Cutaneous Immunity. Immunity 2016; 43:515-26. [PMID: 26377898 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate resistance to Candida albicans in mucosal tissues requires the production of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by tissue-resident cells early during infection, but the mechanism of cytokine production has not been precisely defined. In the skin, we found that dermal γδ T cells were the dominant source of IL-17A during C. albicans infection and were required for pathogen resistance. Induction of IL-17A from dermal γδ T cells and resistance to C. albicans required IL-23 production from CD301b(+) dermal dendritic cells (dDCs). In addition, we found that sensory neurons were directly activated by C. albicans. Ablation of sensory neurons increased susceptibility to C. albicans infection, which could be rescued by exogenous addition of the neuropeptide CGRP. These data define a model in which nociceptive pathways in the skin drive production of IL-23 by CD301b(+) dDCs resulting in IL-17A production from γδ T cells and resistance to cutaneous candidiasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Candida albicans/immunology
- Candida albicans/physiology
- Candidiasis/genetics
- Candidiasis/immunology
- Candidiasis/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dermis/cytology
- Flow Cytometry
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Immunity/genetics
- Immunity/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-23/genetics
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukin-23/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/immunology
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensory Receptor Cells/immunology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakeen W Kashem
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maureen S Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher N Honda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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24
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Guedon JMG, Wu S, Zheng X, Churchill CC, Glorioso JC, Liu CH, Liu S, Vulchanova L, Bekker A, Tao YX, Kinchington PR, Goins WF, Fairbanks CA, Hao S. Current gene therapy using viral vectors for chronic pain. Mol Pain 2015; 11:27. [PMID: 25962909 PMCID: PMC4446851 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of chronic pain and the challenges of pharmacotherapy highlight the importance of development of new approaches to pain management. Gene therapy approaches may be complementary to pharmacotherapy for several advantages. Gene therapy strategies may target specific chronic pain mechanisms in a tissue-specific manner. The present collection of articles features distinct gene therapy approaches targeting specific mechanisms identified as important in the specific pain conditions. Dr. Fairbanks group describes commonly used gene therapeutics (herpes simplex viral vector (HSV) and adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)), and addresses biodistribution and potential neurotoxicity in pre-clinical models of vector delivery. Dr. Tao group addresses that downregulation of a voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1.2) contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. Alleviation of chronic pain through restoring Kv1.2 expression in sensory neurons is presented in this review. Drs Goins and Kinchington group describes a strategy to use the replication defective HSV vector to deliver two different gene products (enkephalin and TNF soluble receptor) for the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. Dr. Hao group addresses the observation that the pro-inflammatory cytokines are an important shared mechanism underlying both neuropathic pain and the development of opioid analgesic tolerance and withdrawal. The use of gene therapy strategies to enhance expression of the anti-pro-inflammatory cytokines is summarized. Development of multiple gene therapy strategies may have the benefit of targeting specific pathologies associated with distinct chronic pain conditions (by Guest Editors, Drs. C. Fairbanks and S. Hao).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc G Guedon
- Graduate Program in Molecular Virology and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Room 1020 EEI, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | | | - Joseph C Glorioso
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 424 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Ching-Hang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Shue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Department of Neurology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Graduate Program in Molecular Virology and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Room 1020 EEI, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - William F Goins
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 424 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 9-177 Weaver Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Shuanglin Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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25
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Belur L, Buckvold M, Podetz-Pedersen K, Riedl M, Vulchanova L, Hanson LR, Kozarsky K, Frey WH, Low WC, Fairbanks C, Scott McIvor R. 706. Non-Invasive Intranasal Administration of AAV9-Iduronidase Prevents Emergence of Neurologic Disease and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)34315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Laoharawee K, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Kitto K, Vulchanova L, Fairbanks C, Kozarsky K, Low WC, Scott McIvor R. 369. AAV9 Mediated Correction of Iduronate-2-Sulfatase Deficiency in the Central Nervous System of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Mice. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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27
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Cero C, Vostrikov VV, Verardi R, Severini C, Gopinath T, Braun PD, Sassano MF, Gurney A, Roth BL, Vulchanova L, Possenti R, Veglia G, Bartolomucci A. The TLQP-21 peptide activates the G-protein-coupled receptor C3aR1 via a folding-upon-binding mechanism. Structure 2014; 22:1744-1753. [PMID: 25456411 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
TLQP-21, a VGF-encoded peptide is emerging as a novel target for obesity-associated disorders. TLQP-21 is found in the sympathetic nerve terminals in the adipose tissue and targets the G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor1 (C3aR1). The mechanisms of TLQP-21-induced receptor activation remain unexplored. Here, we report that TLQP-21 is intrinsically disordered and undergoes a disorder-to-order transition, adopting an α-helical conformation upon targeting cells expressing the C3aR1. We determined that the hot spots for TLQP-21 are located at the C terminus, with mutations in the last four amino acids progressively reducing the bioactivity and, a single site mutation (R21A) or C-terminal amidation abolishing its function completely. Additionally, the human TLQP-21 sequence carrying a S20A substitution activates the human C3aR1 receptor with lower potency compared to the rodent sequence. These studies reveal the mechanism of action of TLQP-21 and provide molecular templates for designing agonists and antagonists to modulate C3aR1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Cero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vitaly V Vostrikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tata Gopinath
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patrick D Braun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maria F Sassano
- Department of Pharmacology and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Allison Gurney
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Roberta Possenti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine of System, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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28
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Schuster DJ, Belur LR, Riedl MS, Schnell SA, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Kitto KF, McIvor RS, Vulchanova L, Fairbanks CA. Supraspinal gene transfer by intrathecal adeno-associated virus serotype 5. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:66. [PMID: 25147505 PMCID: PMC4122912 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the pattern of transgene expression across brain regions after intrathecal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5). Labeling in hindbrain appeared to be primarily neuronal, and was detected in sensory nuclei of medulla, pontine nuclei, and all layers of cerebellar cortex. Expression in midbrain was minimal, and generally limited to isolated neurons and astrocytes in the cerebral peduncles. GFP immunoreactivity (-ir) in thalamus was most prominent in medial geniculate nucleus, and otherwise limited to posterior nuclei of the dorsal and lateral margins. Labeling was also observed in neurons and astrocytes of the hippocampal formation and amygdaloid complex. In the hippocampal formation, GFP-ir was found in neuronal cell bodies of the rostral ventral portion, but was largely restricted to fiber-like staining in the molecular layer of dentate gyrus and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the rostral dorsal region. GFP-ir was seen in neurons and astroglia throughout caudal cortex, whereas in rostral regions of neocortex it was limited to isolated neurons and non-neuronal cells. Labeling was also present in olfactory bulb. These results demonstrate that intrathecal delivery of AAV5 vector leads to transgene expression in discrete CNS regions throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the neuraxis. A caudal-to-rostral gradient of decreasing GFP-ir was present in choroid plexus and Purkinje cells, suggesting that spread of virus through cerebrospinal fluid plays a role in the resulting transduction pattern. Other factors contributing to the observed expression pattern likely include variations in cell-surface receptors and inter-parenchymal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schuster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lalitha R Belur
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maureen S Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen A Schnell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly M Podetz-Pedersen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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29
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Schuster DJ, Dykstra JA, Riedl MS, Kitto KF, Belur LR, McIvor RS, Elde RP, Fairbanks CA, Vulchanova L. Biodistribution of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector after intrathecal and intravenous delivery in mouse. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:42. [PMID: 24959122 PMCID: PMC4051274 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene transfer has been reported in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. The current study compared the pattern of expression of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) across the mouse CNS and selected peripheral tissues after intrathecal (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) delivery of equivalent doses of single-stranded AAV9 vector. After i.t. delivery, GFP immunoreactivity (-ir) was observed in spinal neurons, primary afferent fibers and corresponding primary sensory neurons at all spinal levels. Robust transduction was seen in small and large dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as well as trigeminal and vagal primary afferent neurons. Transduction efficiency in sensory ganglia was substantially lower in i.v. treated mice. In brain, i.v. delivery yielded GFP-immunoreactivity (-ir) primarily in spinal trigeminal tract, pituitary, and scattered isolated neurons and astrocytes. In contrast, after i.t. delivery, GFP-ir was widespread throughout CNS, with greater intensity and more abundant neuropil-like staining at 6 weeks compared to 3 weeks. Brain regions with prominent GFP-ir included cranial nerve nuclei, ventral pons, cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, pituitary, choroid plexus, and selected nuclei of midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus. In cortex, GFP-ir was associated with blood vessels, and was seen in both neurons and astrocytes. In the periphery, GFP-ir in colon and ileum was present in the enteric nervous system in both i.v. and i.t. treated mice. Liver and adrenal cortex, but not adrenal medulla, also showed abundant GFP-ir after both routes of delivery. In summary, i.t. delivery yielded higher transduction efficiency in sensory neurons and the CNS. The observation of comparable gene transfer to peripheral tissues using the two routes indicates that a component of i.t. delivered vector is redistributed from the subarachnoid space to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schuster
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Dykstra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Maureen S Riedl
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelley F Kitto
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lalitha R Belur
- Departments of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Departments of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert P Elde
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Departments of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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30
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Fairbanks CA, Peterson CD, Speltz RH, Riedl MS, Kitto KF, Dykstra JA, Braun PD, Sadahiro M, Salton SR, Vulchanova L. The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 contributes to inflammatory and nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity. Pain 2014; 155:1229-1237. [PMID: 24657450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
VGF (nonacronymic) is a granin-like protein that is packaged and proteolytically processed within the regulated secretory pathway. VGF and peptides derived from its processing have been implicated in neuroplasticity associated with learning, memory, depression, and chronic pain. In sensory neurons, VGF is rapidly increased following peripheral nerve injury and inflammation. Several bioactive peptides generated from the C-terminus of VGF have pronociceptive spinal effects. The goal of the present study was to examine the spinal effects of the peptide TLQP-21 and determine whether it participates in spinal mechanisms of persistent pain. Application of exogenous TLQP-21 induced dose-dependent thermal hyperalgesia in the warm-water immersion tail-withdrawal test. This hyperalgesia was inhibited by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, as well as inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. We used immunoneutralization of TLQP-21 to determine the function of the endogenous peptide in mechanisms underlying persistent pain. In mice injected intradermally with complete Freund adjuvant, intrathecal treatment with anti-TLQP-21 immediately prior to or 5hours after induction of inflammation dose-dependently inhibited tactile hypersensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia. Intrathecal anti-TL21 administration also attenuated the development and maintenance of tactile hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. These results provide evidence that endogenous TLQP-21 peptide contributes to the mechanisms of spinal neuroplasticity after inflammation and nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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31
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Brosnahan AJ, Vulchanova L, Witta SR, Dai Y, Jones BJ, Brown DR. Norepinephrine potentiates proinflammatory responses of human vaginal epithelial cells. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 259:8-16. [PMID: 23571017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal epithelium provides a barrier to pathogens and recruits immune defenses through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Several studies have shown that mucosal sites are innervated by norepinephrine-containing nerve fibers. Here we report that norepinephrine potentiates the proinflammatory response of human vaginal epithelial cells to products produced by Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that causes menstrual toxic shock syndrome. The cells exhibit immunoreactivity for catecholamine synthesis enzymes and the norepinephrine transporter. Moreover, the cells secrete norepinephrine and dopamine at low concentrations. These results indicate that norepinephrine may serve as an autocrine modulator of proinflammatory responses in the vaginal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Brosnahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 75 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine, 1988 Fitch Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
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32
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Schuster DJ, Dykstra JA, Riedl MS, Kitto KF, Honda CN, McIvor RS, Fairbanks CA, Vulchanova L. Visualization of spinal afferent innervation in the mouse colon by AAV8-mediated GFP expression. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e89-100. [PMID: 23252426 PMCID: PMC3552078 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary afferent neurons whose cell bodies reside in thoracolumbar and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervate colon and transmit sensory signals from colon to spinal cord under normal conditions and conditions of visceral hypersensitivity. Histologically, these extrinsic afferents cannot be differentiated from intrinsic fibers of enteric neurons because all known markers label neurons of both populations. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are capable of transducing DRG neurons after intrathecal administration. We hypothesized that AAV-driven overexpression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in DRG would enable visualization of extrinsic spinal afferents in colon separately from enteric neurons. METHODS Recombinant AAV serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector carrying the GFP gene was delivered via direct lumbar puncture. Green fluorescent protein labeling in DRG and colon was examined using immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Analysis of colon from rAAV8-GFP-treated mice demonstrated GFP-immunoreactivity (GFP-ir) within mesenteric nerves, smooth muscle layers, myenteric plexus, submucosa, and mucosa, but not in cell bodies of enteric neurons. Notably, GFP-ir colocalized with CGRP and TRPV1 in mucosa, myenteric plexus, and globular-like clusters surrounding nuclei within myenteric ganglia. In addition, GFP-positive fibers were observed in close association with blood vessels of mucosa and submucosa. Analysis of GFP-ir in thoracolumbar and lumbosacral DRG revealed that levels of expression in colon and L6 DRG appeared to be related. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results demonstrate the feasibility of gene transfer to mouse colonic spinal sensory neurons using intrathecal delivery of AAV vectors and the utility of this approach for histological analysis of spinal afferent nerve fibers within colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Schuster
- Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jaclyn A. Dykstra
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Maureen S. Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kelley F. Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - R. Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Carolyn A. Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN55108
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33
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Lyte M, Vulchanova L, Brown DR. Stress at the intestinal surface: catecholamines and mucosa-bacteria interactions. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 343:23-32. [PMID: 20941511 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress has profound effects on gastrointestinal function, and investigations over the past few decades have examined the mechanisms by which neural and hormonal stress mediators act to modulate gut motility, epithelial barrier function and inflammatory states. With its cellular diversity and large commensal bacterial population, the intestinal mucosa and its overlying mucous environment constitute a highly interactive environment for eukaryotic host cells and prokaryotic bacteria. The elaboration of stress mediators, particularly norepinephrine, at this interface influences host cells engaged in mucosal protection and the bacteria which populate the mucosal surface and gut lumen. This review will address growing evidence that norepinephrine and, in some cases, other mediators of the adaptation to stress modulate mucosal interactions with enteric bacteria. Stress-mediated changes in this delicate interplay may shift the microbial colonization patterns on the mucosal surface and alter the susceptibility of the host to infection. Moreover, changes in host-microbe interactions in the digestive tract may also influence ongoing neural activity in stress-responsive brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lyte
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 8162, Lubbock, TX 79430-8162, USA.
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34
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Vulchanova L, Schuster DJ, Belur LR, Riedl MS, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Kitto KF, Wilcox GL, McIvor RS, Fairbanks CA. Differential adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer to sensory neurons following intrathecal delivery by direct lumbar puncture. Mol Pain 2010; 6:31. [PMID: 20509925 PMCID: PMC2900238 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal transduction by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has been demonstrated in cortex, brainstem, cerebellum, and sensory ganglia. Intrathecal delivery of AAV serotypes that transduce neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord offers substantial opportunities to 1) further study mechanisms underlying chronic pain, and 2) develop novel gene-based therapies for the treatment and management of chronic pain using a non-invasive delivery route with established safety margins. In this study we have compared expression patterns of AAV serotype 5 (AAV5)- and AAV serotype 8 (AAV8)-mediated gene transfer to sensory neurons following intrathecal delivery by direct lumbar puncture. Results Intravenous mannitol pre-treatment significantly enhanced transduction of primary sensory neurons after direct lumbar puncture injection of AAV5 (rAAV5-GFP) or AAV8 (rAAV8-GFP) carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The presence of GFP in DRG neurons was consistent with the following evidence for primary afferent origin of the majority of GFP-positive fibers in spinal cord: 1) GFP-positive axons were evident in both dorsal roots and dorsal columns; and 2) dorsal rhizotomy, which severs the primary afferent input to spinal cord, abolished the majority of GFP labeling in dorsal horn. We found that both rAAV5-GFP and rAAV8-GFP appear to preferentially target large-diameter DRG neurons, while excluding the isolectin-B4 (IB4) -binding population of small diameter neurons. In addition, a larger proportion of CGRP-positive cells was transduced by rAAV5-GFP, compared to rAAV8-GFP. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the feasibility of minimally invasive gene transfer to sensory neurons using direct lumbar puncture and provides evidence for differential targeting of subtypes of DRG neurons by AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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35
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Seth M, Lamont EA, Janagama HK, Widdel A, Vulchanova L, Stabel JR, Waters WR, Palmer MV, Sreevatsan S. Biomarker discovery in subclinical mycobacterial infections of cattle. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5478. [PMID: 19424492 PMCID: PMC2674942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disease of cattle worldwide; however, infection in the United States is limited to 0.01% of dairy herds. Thus detection of bovine TB is confounded by high background infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The present study addresses variations in the circulating peptidome based on the pathogenesis of two biologically similar mycobacterial diseases of cattle. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We hypothesized that serum proteomes of animals in response to either M. bovis or M. paratuberculosis infection will display several commonalities and differences. Sera prospectively collected from animals experimentally infected with either M. bovis or M. paratuberculosis were analyzed using high-resolution proteomics approaches. iTRAQ, a liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry approach, was used to simultaneously identify and quantify peptides from multiple infections and contemporaneous uninfected control groups. Four comparisons were performed: 1) M. bovis infection versus uninfected controls, 2) M. bovis versus M. paratuberculosis infection, 3) early, and 4) advanced M. paratuberculosis infection versus uninfected controls. One hundred and ten differentially elevated proteins (P < or = 0.05) were identified. Vitamin D binding protein precursor (DBP), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1B glycoprotein, fetuin, and serine proteinase inhibitor were identified in both infections. Transthyretin, retinol binding proteins, and cathelicidin were identified exclusively in M. paratuberculosis infection, while the serum levels of alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (AMBP) protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and alpha-1B glycoprotein were elevated exclusively in M. bovis infected animals. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The discovery of these biomarkers has significant impact on the elucidation of pathogenesis of two mycobacterial diseases at the cellular and the molecular level and can be applied in the development of mycobacterium-specific diagnostic tools for the monitoring progression of disease, response to therapy, and/or vaccine based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Seth
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Elise A. Lamont
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Harish K. Janagama
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrea Widdel
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - W. Ray Waters
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mitchell V. Palmer
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Vulchanova L, Casey MA, Crabb GW, Kennedy WR, Brown DR. Anatomical evidence for enteric neuroimmune interactions in Peyer's patches. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 185:64-74. [PMID: 17363074 PMCID: PMC1913558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PP), a key component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, serve as the primary inductive sites for intestinal immunity. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that the morphological features of PP innervation are consistent with an immunomodulatory role for the enteric nervous system. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to collect images through large tissue volumes, yielding a three-dimensional perspective of the neuronal network superimposed on PP follicles from porcine jejunum and human ileum. Peptidergic nerve fibers were found in close apposition to immunocytes within PP subepithelial domes and the adjacent villi. The results suggest that nerve fibers in PP may participate in neuroimmune cross-talk within individual antigen-sampling sites as well as integrate information across multiple antigen-sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - Melissa A. Casey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - Gwen W. Crabb
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - William R. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - David R. Brown
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
- *Please address correspondence to: David R. Brown, Ph.D., Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010, Telephone: (612) 624-0713; FAX: (612) 625-0204, E-mail:
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Schmidt LD, Xie Y, Lyte M, Vulchanova L, Brown DR. Autonomic neurotransmitters modulate immunoglobulin A secretion in porcine colonic mucosa. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 185:20-8. [PMID: 17320195 PMCID: PMC1913560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays a crucial role in mucosal surface defense. We tested the hypothesis that colonic sIgA secretion is under enteric neural control. Immunohistochemistry of the porcine distal colonic mucosa revealed presumptive cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibers apposed to secretory component (SC)-positive crypt epithelial cells and neighboring IgA(+) plasmacytes. The cholinomimetic drug carbamylcholine elicited rapid, atropine-sensitive IgA secretion into the luminal fluid bathing mucosal explants mounted in Ussing chambers. The adrenergic receptor agonist norepinephrine also increased IgA secretion, an action inhibited by phentolamine. These effects were independent of agonist-induced anion secretion. In Western blots of luminal fluid, both agonists increased the density of protein bands co-immunoreactive for IgA and SC. Mucosal exposure to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli did not affect IgA secretion, and carbamylcholine treatment did not affect mucosal adherence of this enteropathogen. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine, acting respectively through muscarinic cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors in the colonic mucosa, stimulate sIgA secretion and may enhance mucosal defense in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D. Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 Fourth Street, MS 8162, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
| | - David R. Brown
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010
- Corresponding author: David R. Brown, Ph.D., Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010, Telephone: (612) 624-0713; FAX: (612) 625-0204; E-mail:
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Chen C, Lyte M, Stevens MP, Vulchanova L, Brown DR. Mucosally-directed adrenergic nerves and sympathomimetic drugs enhance non-intimate adherence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to porcine cecum and colon. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 539:116-24. [PMID: 16687138 PMCID: PMC4277206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine has been found to increase mucosal adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in explants of murine cecum and porcine distal colon. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that norepinephrine augments the initial, loose adherence of this important pathogen to the intestinal mucosa. In mucosal sheets of porcine cecum or proximal, spiral and distal colon mounted in Ussing chambers, norepinephrine (10 microM, contraluminal addition) increased mucosal adherence of wild-type E. coli O157:H7 strain 85-170; in the cecal mucosa, this effect occurred within 30-90 min after bacterial inoculation. In addition, norepinephrine transiently increased short-circuit current in cecal and colonic mucosal sheets, a measure of active anion transport. Norepinephrine was effective in promoting cecal adherence of a non-O157 E. coli strain as well as E. coli O157:H7 eae or espA mutant strains that are incapable of intimate mucosal attachment. Nerve fibers immunoreactive for the norepinephrine synthetic enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase appeared in close proximity to the cecal epithelium, and the norepinephrine reuptake blocker cocaine, like norepinephrine and the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist UK-14,304, increased E. coli O157:H7 adherence. These results suggest that norepinephrine, acting upon the large bowel mucosa, modulates early, non-intimate adherence of E. coli O157:H7 and probably other mucosa-associated bacteria. Sympathetic nerves innervating the cecocolonic mucosa may link acute stress exposure or psychostimulant abuse with an increased microbial colonization of the intestinal surface. This in turn may alter host susceptibility to enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Chen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, U.S.A
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 Fourth Street, MS 8162, Lubbock, Texas 79430, U.S.A
| | - Mark P. Stevens
- Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, U.S.A
| | - David R. Brown
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, U.S.A
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Hyland KA, Kohrt L, Vulchanova L, Murtaugh MP. Mucosal innate immune response to intragastric infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:1890-9. [PMID: 16325910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response is critical to enteric disease resistance and the induction of mucosal adaptive immunity. In mucosae of the small intestine, Peyer's patches play a central role in immune surveillance and sampling of bacteria by specialized M cells. The innate immune response to Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, an enteric pathogen of swine, involves IL-1beta and IL-8 mRNA induction but not that of IL-6 and TNFalpha, in contrast to Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection of murine small intestine. We investigated in vivo responses to Salmonella and potential effects of animal variation since the gut environment is highly dynamic and constantly changing physiologically. Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis induced an early proinflammatory cytokine response at 6h after infection, which was characterized by a 4-fold increase in production of CXCL2 mRNA by jejunal Peyer's patches (JPP), and a 12-fold increase in IL-1beta and 4-fold increase in IL-8 (CXCL8) mRNAs by distal ileal Peyer's patches (IPP). Levels of IL-1beta and IL-8 mRNA were positively correlated with numbers of mucosal neutrophils in the distal IPP. Salmonella DNA was also detected in ileal tissues, including Peyer's patches, absorptive epithelium and mesenteric lymph nodes, in 33-83% of infected animals, compared to the jejunal tissues, which were positive in 0-33% of infected pigs. Notwithstanding substantial animal-to-animal variation, IL-1beta was increased in both proximal and distal IPP, IL-8 was increased in the distal IPP, and calprotectin was associated with both by cluster analysis. These data indicate that IL-1beta and IL-8 expression in the IPP plays a key role early in the interaction between Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis and the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A Hyland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, 1460 Mayo Memorial Building, 420 Delaware Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Green BT, Lyte M, Chen C, Xie Y, Casey MA, Kulkarni-Narla A, Vulchanova L, Brown DR. Adrenergic modulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence to the colonic mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G1238-46. [PMID: 15534374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00471.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enteric neurotransmitters can modulate the biodefensive functions of the intestinal mucosa, but their role in mucosal interactions with enteropathogens is not well defined. Here we tested the hypothesis that norepinephrine (NE) modulates interactions between enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) and the colonic epithelium. Mucosal sheets from porcine distal colon were mounted in Ussing chambers. Drugs and an inoculum of either Shiga toxin-negative or -positive EHEC were added to the contraluminal and luminal bathing medium, respectively. After 90 min, adherent bacteria were quantified by an adherence assay and by immunohistochemical methods; short-circuit current (I(sc)) was measured continuously to assess changes in active ion transport. NE-treated tissues exhibited concentration-dependent increases in I(sc) and EHEC adherence. NE did not alter adherence of a rodent-adapted, noninfectious E. coli strain or two porcine-adapted non-O157 E. coli strains. The actions of NE on EHEC adherence but not I(sc) were prevented by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine and the PKA activator Sp-8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate. Like NE, the PKA inhibitor Rp-8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate or indirectly acting sympathomimetic agents increased EHEC adherence. Nerve fibers immunoreactive for the NE-synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase appeared to innervate the colonic epithelium. EHEC-like immunoreactivity on the colonic surface had the appearance of bacterial microcolonies and increased after NE treatment by a phentolamine-sensitive mechanism. Through interactions with alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors, NE appears to increase EHEC adherence to the colonic mucosa. Changes in sympathetic neural outflow may alter intestinal susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-6010, USA
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Stone LS, Vulchanova L, Riedl MS, Williams FG, Wilcox GL, Elde R. Effects of peripheral nerve injury on delta opioid receptor (DOR) immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 2004; 361:208-11. [PMID: 15135930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphine and other opioids have direct analgesic actions in the spinal cord and chronic spinal administration of opioid agonists is used clinically in patients suffering from severe, chronic pain. Neuropathic pain resulting from peripheral nerve injury is often less sensitive to opioid therapy than other forms of chronic pain in both humans and animal models. Changes in spinal mu-opioid receptor (MOR) expression have been demonstrated in animal models of neuropathic pain. However, these changes alone fail to account for the attenuation of opioid activity. Reduced expression of delta-opioid receptors (DOR) following peripheral nerve injury has been reported but most of these reports are limited to subjective observation. The magnitude and consistency of these changes is therefore unclear. In addition, previous studies did not evaluate the effects of nerve injury on behavioral measures to confirm induction of aberrant pain symptoms. We therefore performed quantitative image analysis to evaluate the effect of peripheral nerve injury on DOR-immunoreactivity in spinal cord sections from rats previously characterized for sensory responsiveness. We observed statistically significant decreases ipsilateral to nerve injury in all three models tested: sciatic nerve transection, chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve and L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation. These results suggest that decreases in the expression of DOR are a common feature of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, 6-145 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
As the genomic revolution continues to evolve, there is an increasing demand for efficient and reliable tools for functional characterization of individual gene products. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown has been used successfully as a functional genomics tool in animal models of pain and analgesia yet skepticism regarding the validity and utility of antisense technology remains. Contributing to this uncertainty are the lack of systematic studies exploring antisense oligonucleotide use in vivo and the many technical and methodological challenges intrinsic to the method. This article reviews the contributions of antisense oligonucleotide-based studies to the field of pain and analgesia and the general principles of antisense technology. A special emphasis is placed on technical issues surrounding the successful application of antisense oligonucleotides in vivo, including sequence selection, antisense oligonucleotide chemistry, DNA controls, route of administration, uptake, dose-dependence, time-course and adequate evaluation of knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
The isolectin I-B4 (IB4) binds specifically to a subset of small sensory neurons. We used a conjugate of IB4 and the toxin saporin to examine in vivo the contribution of IB4-binding sensory neurons to nociception. A single dose of the conjugate was injected unilaterally into the sciatic nerve of rats. The treatment resulted in a permanent selective loss of IB4-binding neurons as indicated by histological analysis of dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and skin from treated animals. Behavioral measurements showed that 7-10 days after the injection, conjugate-treated rats had elevated thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. However, 21 days post-treatment the nociceptive thresholds returned to baseline levels. These results demonstrate the utility of the IB4-saporin conjugate as a tool for selective cytotoxic targeting and provide behavioral evidence for the role of IB4-binding neurons in nociception. The decreased sensitivity to noxious stimuli associated with the loss of IB4-binding neurons indicates that these sensory neurons are essential for the signaling of acute pain. Furthermore, the unexpected recovery of nociceptive thresholds suggests that the loss of IB4-binding neurons triggers changes in the processing of nociceptive information, which may represent a compensatory mechanism for the decreased sensitivity to acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Shuster SJ, Riedl M, Li X, Vulchanova L, Elde R. The kappa opioid receptor and dynorphin co-localize in vasopressin magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in guinea-pig hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2000; 96:373-83. [PMID: 10683577 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the cloned kappa opioid receptor, dynorphin, and the neurohypophysial hormones vasopressin and oxytocin was analysed in the guinea-pig hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons. This analysis was performed in order to understand better which population of neuroendocrine neurons in the guinea-pig is modulated by kappa opioid receptors and its endogenous ligand dynorphin. Extensive co-localization was observed between kappa opioid receptor immunoreactivity and preprodynorphin immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Cells positive for either the kappa opioid receptor or both the kappa opioid receptor and preprodynorphin were restricted to the vasopressin expressing neuronal population and not found in the oxytocin expressing neuronal population. The kappa opioid receptor and dynorphin were examined in the posterior pituitary and both were found to be extensively distributed. Staining for the kappa opioid receptor and dynorphin B co-localized in posterior pituitary. In addition, immunogold electron microscopy confirmed that kappa opioid receptor and dynorphin B immunoreactivity were found in the same nerve terminals. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed that kappa opioid receptor immunoreactivity was associated with both nerve terminals and pituicytes. Within nerve terminals, kappa opioid receptor immunoreactivity was often associated with large secretory vesicles and rarely associated with the plasma membrane. Our data suggest that the cloned kappa opioid receptor may directly modulate the release of vasopressin but not oxytocin in guinea-pig hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons and posterior pituitary. Furthermore, we propose that this receptor is an autoreceptor in this system because our results demonstrate a high degree of co-localization between kappa opioid receptor and dynorphin peptide immunoreactivity in magnocellular nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shuster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
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Stone LS, Vulchanova L, Riedl MS, Wang J, Williams FG, Wilcox GL, Elde R. Effects of peripheral nerve injury on alpha-2A and alpha-2C adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 1999; 93:1399-407. [PMID: 10501465 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain resulting from peripheral nerve injury can often be relieved by administration of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Tonic activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors may therefore facilitate the hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with neuropathic pain. It is currently unclear whether alpha2A- or alpha2c-adrenergic receptor subtypes are involved in the pro-nociceptive actions of alpha-adrenergic receptors under neuropathic conditions. We therefore investigated the effects of peripheral nerve injury on the expression of these subtypes in rat spinal cord using immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was examined as an internal control because it has previously been shown to be up-regulated following nerve injury. We observed a decrease in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in the spinal cord ipsilateral to three models of neuropathic pain: complete sciatic nerve transection, chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve and L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation. The extent of this down-regulation was significantly correlated with the magnitude of injury-induced changes in mechanical sensitivity. In contrast, alpha2c-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity was only increased in the spinal nerve ligation model; these increases did not correlate with changes in mechanical sensitivity. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was up-regulated in all models examined. Increased expression of neuropeptide Y correlated with changes in mechanical sensitivity. The decrease in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity and the lack of consistent changes in alpha2C-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity suggest that neither of these receptor subtypes is likely to be responsible for the abnormal adrenergic sensitivity observed following nerve injury. On the contrary, the decrease in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity following nerve injury may result in an attenuation of the influence of descending inhibitory noradrenergic input into the spinal cord resulting in increased excitatory transmitter release following peripheral stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Stone
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Shuster SJ, Riedl M, Li X, Vulchanova L, Elde R. Stimulus-dependent translocation of kappa opioid receptors to the plasma membrane. J Neurosci 1999; 19:2658-64. [PMID: 10087079 PMCID: PMC6786082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the cellular and subcellular distribution of the cloned kappa opioid receptor (KOR1) and its trafficking to the presynaptic plasma membrane in vasopressin magnocellular neurosecretory neurons. We used immunohistochemistry to show that KOR1 immunoreactivity (IR) colocalized with vasopressin-containing cell bodies, axons, and axon terminals within the posterior pituitary. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that a major fraction of KOR1-IR was associated with the membrane of peptide-containing large secretory vesicles. KOR1-IR was rarely associated with the plasma membrane in unstimulated nerve terminals within the posterior pituitary. A physiological stimulus (salt-loading) that elicits vasopressin release also caused KOR1-IR to translocate from these vesicles to the plasma membrane. After stimulation, there was a significant decrease in KOR1-IR associated with peptide-containing vesicles and a significant increase in KOR1-IR associated with the plasma membrane. This stimulus-dependent translocation of receptors to the presynaptic plasma membrane provides a novel mechanism for regulation of transmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shuster
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Guo A, Vulchanova L, Wang J, Li X, Elde R. Immunocytochemical localization of the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1): relationship to neuropeptides, the P2X3 purinoceptor and IB4 binding sites. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11:946-58. [PMID: 10103088 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The vanilloid receptor (VR1) protein functions both as a receptor for capsaicin and a transducer of noxious thermal stimuli. To determine the expression and targetting of this protein, we have generated antisera against both the amino and carboxy termini of VR1. Within the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia of rats, VR1-immunoreactivity (VR1-ir) was restricted to small and medium sized neurons. VR1-ir was transported into both the central and peripheral processes of these primary afferent neurons, as evidenced by: (i) the presence of VR1-ir in nerve fibres and terminals in lamina I and lamina II of the superficial dorsal horn, and the association of VR1-ir with small diameter nerve fibres in the skin and cornea; (ii) the reduction of VR1-ir in the spinal cord after dorsal rhizotomy; and (iii) the accumulation of VR1-ir proximal to sciatic nerve ligation. At the ultrastructural level, VR1-ir was associated with plasma membranes of neuronal perikarya in dorsal root ganglia and nerve terminals in the dorsal horn. VR1-ir was also seen in nerve fibres and terminals in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. Within a large proportion of dorsal root ganglion neurons and the terminals of their axons, VR1-ir was colocalized with staining for the P2X3 purinoceptor, and with binding sites for the lectin IB4. Surprisingly, VR1-ir did not coexist substantially in nerve fibres and terminals that contain substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, suggesting complex mechanisms for the release of these neuropeptides in response to capsaicin application.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholera Toxin
- DNA Primers
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Horseradish Peroxidase
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney/cytology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Nerve Fibers/chemistry
- Nerve Fibers/physiology
- Neurons, Afferent/chemistry
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/ultrastructure
- Nociceptors/physiology
- Rats
- Receptors, Drug/analysis
- Receptors, Drug/genetics
- Receptors, Drug/immunology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/analysis
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/immunology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X3
- Spinal Cord/chemistry
- Spinal Cord/cytology
- Spinal Cord/physiology
- Subcellular Fractions/chemistry
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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48
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Vulchanova L, Riedl MS, Shuster SJ, Stone LS, Hargreaves KM, Buell G, Surprenant A, North RA, Elde R. P2X3 is expressed by DRG neurons that terminate in inner lamina II. Eur J Neurosci 1998; 10:3470-8. [PMID: 9824460 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The P2X3 receptor subunit, a member of the P2X family of ATP-gated ion channels, is almost exclusively localized in sensory neurons. In the present study, we sought to gain insight into the role of P2X3 and P2X3-containing neurons in sensory transmission, using immunohistochemical approaches. In rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG), P2X3-immunoreactivity (-ir) was observed in small- and medium-sized neurons. Approximately 40% of DRG neuronal profiles in normal rats contained P2X3-ir. In rats that had received neonatal capsaicin treatment, the number of P2X3-positive neurons was decreased by approximately 70%. Analysis of the colocalization of P2X3-ir with cytochemical markers of DRG neurons indicated that approximately 94% of the P2X3-positive neuronal profiles were labelled by isolectin B4 from Bandeiraea simplicifolia, while only 3% contained substance P-ir, and 7% contained somatostatin-ir. In dorsal horn of rat spinal cord, P2X3-ir was observed in the inner portion of lamina II and was reduced subsequent to dorsal rhizotomy, as well as subsequent to neonatal capsaicin treatment. Finally, P2X3-ir accumulated proximal to the site of sciatic nerve ligation, and was seen in nerve fibres in skin and corneal epithelium. In summary, our results suggest that P2X3 is expressed by a functionally heterogeneous population of BSI-B4-binding sensory neurons, and is transported into both central and peripheral processes of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vulchanova
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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49
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Stone LS, Broberger C, Vulchanova L, Wilcox GL, Hökfelt T, Riedl MS, Elde R. Differential distribution of alpha2A and alpha2C adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 1998; 18:5928-37. [PMID: 9671679 PMCID: PMC6793037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha2-Adrenergic receptors (alpha2-ARs) mediate a number of physiological phenomena, including spinal analgesia. We have developed subtype-selective antisera against the C termini of the alpha2A-AR and alpha2C-AR to investigate the relative distribution and cellular source or sources of these receptor subtypes in the rat spinal cord. Immunoreactivity (IR) for both receptor subtypes was observed in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Our results suggest that the primary localization of the alpha2A-AR in the rat spinal cord is on the terminals of capsaicin-sensitive, substance P (SP)-containing primary afferent fibers. In contrast, the majority of alpha2C-AR-IR was not of primary afferent origin, not strongly colocalized with SP-IR, and not sensitive to neonatal capsaicin treatment. Spinal alpha2C-AR-IR does not appear to colocalize with the neurokinin-1 receptor, nor is it localized on astrocytes, as evidenced by a lack of costaining with the glial marker GFAP. However, some colocalization was observed between alpha2C-AR-IR and enkephalin-IR, suggesting that the alpha2C-AR may be expressed by a subset of spinal interneurons. Interestingly, neither subtype was detected on descending noradrenergic terminals. These results indicate that the alpha2-AR subtypes investigated are likely expressed by different subpopulations of neurons and may therefore subserve different physiological functions in the spinal cord, with the alpha2A-AR being more likely to play a role in the modulation of nociceptive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Stone
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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50
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Abstract
The acid sensing ion channel (ASIC) identified in rat brain and spinal cord is potentially involved in the transmission of acid-induced nociception. We have developed polyclonal antisera against ASIC, and used them to screen rat brain and spinal cord using immunocytochemistry. ASIC-immunoreactivity (-ir) is present in but not limited to the superficial dorsal horn, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, as well as peripheral nerve fibers. These observations, combined with the disappearance of ASIC-ir following dorsal rhizotomy, suggest localization of ASIC to primary afferents. DRG ASIC-ir co-localizes with substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-ir in small capsaicin-sensitive cell bodies, suggesting that ASIC is poised to play a role in the transduction of noxious stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Olson
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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