1
|
Chen X, Coffman BL, Brindley RL, Galpin JD, Ahern CA, Currie KPM, Smrcka AV, Axelrod D, Anantharam A. Phospholipase C-ε defines a PACAP-stimulated pathway for secretion in the chromaffin cell. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13255. [PMID: 36970756 PMCID: PMC10790106 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells respond to splanchnic (sympathetic) nerve stimulation by releasing stress hormones into the circulation. The signal for hormone secretion is encoded in the neurotransmitters - especially acetylcholine (ACh) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) - that are released into the splanchnic-chromaffin cell synapse. However, functional differences in the effects of ACh and PACAP on the chromaffin cell secretory response are not well defined. Here, selective agonists of PACAP receptors or nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were applied to chromaffin cells. The major differences in the effects of these agents were not on exocytosis, per se, but rather on the steps upstream of exocytosis. In almost every respect, the properties of individual fusion events triggered by PACAP and cholinergic agonists were similar. On the other hand, the properties of the Ca2+ transients evoked by PACAP differed in several ways from those evoked by muscarinic and nicotinic receptor stimulation. A defining feature of the PACAP-stimulated secretory pathway was its dependence on signaling through exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) and PLCε. However, the absence of PLCε did not disrupt Ca2+ transients evoked by cholinergic agonists. Accordingly, inhibition of Epac activity did not disrupt secretion triggered by acetylcholine or specific agonists of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Thus, PACAP and acetylcholine stimulate chromaffin cell secretion via separate and independent pathways. This feature of stimulus-secretion coupling may be important for sustaining hormone release from the adrenal medulla under conditions associated with the sympathetic stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA
| | - Breanna L. Coffman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Brindley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, 08103, USA
| | - Jason D. Galpin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Christopher A. Ahern
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Kevin P. M. Currie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, 08103, USA
| | - Alan V. Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Axelrod
- Department of Physics and LSA Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Arun Anantharam
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palacios-Filardo J, Udakis M, Brown GA, Tehan BG, Congreve MS, Nathan PJ, Brown AJH, Mellor JR. Acetylcholine prioritises direct synaptic inputs from entorhinal cortex to CA1 by differential modulation of feedforward inhibitory circuits. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5475. [PMID: 34531380 PMCID: PMC8445995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine release in the hippocampus plays a central role in the formation of new memory representations. An influential but largely untested theory proposes that memory formation requires acetylcholine to enhance responses in CA1 to new sensory information from entorhinal cortex whilst depressing inputs from previously encoded representations in CA3. Here, we show that excitatory inputs from entorhinal cortex and CA3 are depressed equally by synaptic release of acetylcholine in CA1. However, feedforward inhibition from entorhinal cortex exhibits greater depression than CA3 resulting in a selective enhancement of excitatory-inhibitory balance and CA1 activation by entorhinal inputs. Entorhinal and CA3 pathways engage different feedforward interneuron subpopulations and cholinergic modulation of presynaptic function is mediated differentially by muscarinic M3 and M4 receptors, respectively. Thus, our data support a role and mechanisms for acetylcholine to prioritise novel information inputs to CA1 during memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Palacios-Filardo
- Center for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Matt Udakis
- Center for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Giles A Brown
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abingdon, Cambridge, UK
- OMass Therapeutics Ltd, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin G Tehan
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abingdon, Cambridge, UK
- OMass Therapeutics Ltd, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Miles S Congreve
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abingdon, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pradeep J Nathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair J H Brown
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abingdon, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack R Mellor
- Center for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nickerson AJ, Rottgen TS, Rajendran VM. Activation of KCNQ (K V7) K + channels in enteric neurons inhibits epithelial Cl - secretion in mouse distal colon. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C1074-C1087. [PMID: 33852365 PMCID: PMC8285638 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00536.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv7 (KCNQ family) K+ channels are expressed in many neuronal populations and play an important role in regulating membrane potential by generating a hyperpolarizing K+ current and decreasing cell excitability. However, the role of KV7 channels in the neural regulation of intestinal epithelial Cl- secretion is not known. Cl- secretion in mouse distal colon was measured as a function of short-circuit current (ISC), and pharmacological approaches were used to test the hypothesis that activation of KV7 channels in enteric neurons would inhibit epithelial Cl- secretion. Flupirtine, a nonselective KV7 activator, inhibited basal Cl- secretion in mouse distal colon and abolished or attenuated the effects of drugs that target various components of enteric neurotransmission, including tetrodotoxin (NaV channel blocker), veratridine (NaV channel activator), nicotine (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist), and hexamethonium (nicotinic antagonist). In contrast, flupritine did not block the response to epithelium-targeted agents VIP (endogenous VPAC receptor ligand) or carbachol (nonselective cholinergic agonist). Flupirtine inhibited Cl- secretion in both full-thickness and seromuscular-stripped distal colon (containing the submucosal, but not myenteric plexus) but generated no response in epithelial T84 cell monolayers. KV7.2 and KV7.3 channel proteins were detected by immunofluorescence in whole mount preparations of the submucosa from mouse distal colon. ICA 110381 (KV7.2/7.3 specific activator) inhibited Cl- secretion comparably to flupirtine. We conclude that KV7 channel activators inhibit neurally driven Cl- secretion in the colonic epithelium and may therefore have therapeutic benefit in treating pathologies associated with hyperexcitable enteric nervous system, such as irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Nickerson
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Trey S Rottgen
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vazhaikkurichi M Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aydogdu O, Gocun PU, Aronsson P, Carlsson T, Winder M. Prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a model of zymosan-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats. Prostate 2021; 81:252-260. [PMID: 33465254 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function and pathophysiology. METHODS To create a model for CPPS, rats were intraprostatically injected with zymosan or saline, serving as control. Metabolic cage experiments were performed 7, 14, or 21 days after zymosan injection and after 14 days in the control group. Thereafter, cystometry was performed in which simulated micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and contractile responses to the cholinergic agonist methacholine and the purinergic agonist ATP were measured. Following cystometry, the prostate and urinary bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes. RESULTS Metabolic cage data revealed a significantly increased urinary frequency in zymosan treated rats. Likewise, the volume per micturition was significantly lower in all CPPS groups compared to controls. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of nonvoiding contractions, longer voiding time, and a trend towards lower compliance in CPPS rats compared to controls. Induction of CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in all CPPS groups, in particular in later stage groups. Both the extent and grade of bladder inflammation were significantly higher in CPPS groups compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The current findings demonstrate a potential prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization leading to symptoms of bladder overactivity and signs of bladder inflammation. Future clinical studies are required to verify the outcomes of the current study and enable advancement of patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgu Aydogdu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Uyar Gocun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karaki SI, Tanaka R. Role of PGE 2 in colonic motility: PGE 2 attenuates spontaneous contractions of circular smooth muscle via EP 4 receptors in the rat colon. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:8. [PMID: 33622238 PMCID: PMC10717948 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Colonic motor activity is important for the formation and propulsion of feces. The production of prostaglandins (PGs) in colonic tissue is considered to play a critical role in the generation and regulation of colonic motility. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PGE2 and selective agonists of four EP receptors on the spontaneous phasic contractions, called 'giant contractions' (GCs), of mucosa-free circular smooth muscle strips from the rat middle colon. Neural blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX) increased the frequency and amplitude of the GCs by about twofold. However, inhibiting PG production with piroxicam reduced the GC frequency in the presence of TTX, but did not affect the GC amplitude. In the presence of both TTX and piroxicam, exogenous PGE2 and each EP receptor agonist were cumulatively added to the tissue bath. In this setting, PGE2, the EP2 agonist ONO-AE1-259, and the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329, but not the EP1 agonist ONO-AE-DI-004 or the EP3 agonist ONO-AE-248, concentration-dependently reduced the GC frequency and amplitude. The PGE2-induced inhibition of GC frequency and amplitude was inhibited by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208, but not by the EP1/2 antagonist AH6809. Immunohistochemistry revealed the EP2 and EP4 receptors were localized in perinuclear sites in circular smooth muscle cells. EP2 immunoreactivity was also located in GFAP-immunoreactive enteroglia, whereas EP4 immunoreactivity was also located in HU (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision [ELAV] protein; a marker of all myenteric neurons)-immunoreactive myenteric nerve cell bodies. These results suggest that the PGs produced in the colonic tissue inhibit the GC frequency and amplitude of circular muscle in the rat middle colon, and is mediated by EP4 receptors expressed in the smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cholinergic Agonists/pharmacology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/physiology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Piroxicam/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
- Zebrafish Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Karaki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Environmental Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Environmental Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Testing and Research Laboratories, HAMRI Co., Ltd., 2654-3 Osaki, Koga, Ibaraki, 306-0101, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Knowland D, Gu S, Eckert WA, Dawe GB, Matta JA, Limberis J, Wickenden AD, Bhattacharya A, Bredt DS. Functional α6β4 acetylcholine receptor expression enables pharmacological testing of nicotinic agonists with analgesic properties. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6158-6170. [PMID: 33074244 DOI: 10.1172/jci140311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The α6β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is enriched in dorsal root ganglia neurons and is an attractive non-opioid therapeutic target for pain. However, difficulty expressing human α6β4 receptors in recombinant systems has precluded drug discovery. Here, genome-wide screening identified accessory proteins that enable reconstitution of human α6β4 nAChRs. BARP, an auxiliary subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels, promoted α6β4 surface expression while IRE1α, an unfolded protein response sensor, enhanced α6β4 receptor assembly. Effects on α6β4 involve BARP's N-terminal region and IRE1α's splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Furthermore, clinical efficacy of nicotinic agents in relieving neuropathic pain best correlated with their activity on α6β4. Finally, BARP-knockout, but not NACHO-knockout mice lacked nicotine-induced antiallodynia, highlighting the functional importance of α6β4 in pain. These results identify roles for IRE1α and BARP in neurotransmitter receptor assembly and unlock drug discovery for the previously elusive α6β4 receptor.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawata R, Hotta Y, Maeda K, Kataoka T, Kimura K. Effects of High Salt Intake on Detrusor Muscle Contraction in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:539. [PMID: 33562242 PMCID: PMC7915718 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt intake has been reported as a risk factor for urinary storage symptoms. However, the association between high salt intake and detrusor muscle contraction is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high salt intake on the components of detrusor muscle contraction in rats. Six-week-old male Dahl salt-resistant (DR; n = 5) and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS; n = 5) rats were fed a high salt (8% NaCl) diet for one week. The contractile responses of the detrusor muscle to the cumulative administration of carbachol and electrical field stimulation (EFS) with and without suramin and atropine were evaluated via isometric tension study. The concentration-response curves of carbachol were shifted more to the left in the DS group than those in the DR group. Contractile responses to EFS were more enhanced in the DS group than those in the DR group (p < 0.05). Cholinergic component-induced responses were more enhanced in the DS group than those in the DR group (p < 0.05). High salt intake might cause urinary storage symptoms via abnormalities in detrusor muscle contraction and the enhancement of cholinergic signals. Excessive salt intake should be avoided to preserve bladder function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Kawata
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kotomi Maeda
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan;
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (R.K.); (K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serikuly N, Alpyshov ET, Wang D, Wang J, Yang L, Hu G, Yan D, Demin KA, Kolesnikova TO, Galstyan D, Amstislavskaya TG, Babashev AM, Mor MS, Efimova EV, Gainetdinov RR, Strekalova T, de Abreu MS, Song C, Kalueff AV. Effects of acute and chronic arecoline in adult zebrafish: Anxiolytic-like activity, elevated brain monoamines and the potential role of microglia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:109977. [PMID: 32454162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid with partial agonism at nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arecoline consumption is widespread, making it the fourth (after alcohol, nicotine and caffeine) most used substance by humans. However, the mechanisms of acute and chronic action of arecoline in-vivo remain poorly understood. Animal models are a valuable tool for CNS disease modeling and drug screening. Complementing rodent studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) emerges as a promising novel model organism for neuroscience research. Here, we assessed the effects of acute and chronic arecoline on adult zebrafish behavior and physiology. Overall, acute and chronic arecoline treatments produced overt anxiolytic-like behavior (without affecting general locomotor activity and whole-body cortisol levels), with similar effects also caused by areca nut water extracts. Acute arecoline at 10 mg/L disrupted shoaling, increased social preference, elevated brain norepinephrine and serotonin levels and reduced serotonin turnover. Acute arecoline also upregulated early protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun in the brain, whereas chronic treatment with 1 mg/L elevated brain expression of microglia-specific biomarker genes egr2 and ym1 (thus, implicating microglial mechanisms in potential effects of long-term arecoline use). Finally, acute 2-h discontinuation of chronic arecoline treatment evoked withdrawal-like anxiogenic behavior in zebrafish. In general, these findings support high sensitivity of zebrafish screens to arecoline and related compounds, and reinforce the growing utility of zebrafish for probing molecular mechanisms of CNS drugs. Our study also suggests that novel anxiolytic drugs can eventually be developed based on arecoline-like molecules, whose integrative mechanisms of CNS action may involve monoaminergic and neuro-immune modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - JingTao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - GuoJun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David Galstyan
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Mikael S Mor
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Efimova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Cai Song
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faramarzi S, Netoff TI. Closed-Loop neuromodulation for clustering neuronal populations. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:248-255. [PMID: 33296614 PMCID: PMC8087385 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00424.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological synchronization of neurons is associated with symptoms of movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) suppresses symptoms, presumably through the desynchronization of neurons. Coordinated reset (CR) delivers trains of high-frequency stimuli to different regions in the brain through multiple electrodes and may have more persistent therapeutic effects than conventional DBS. As an alternative to CR, we present a closed-loop control setup that desynchronizes neurons in brain slices by inducing clusters using a single electrode. Our setup uses calcium fluorescence imaging to extract carbachol-induced neuronal oscillations in real time. To determine the appropriate stimulation waveform for inducing clusters in a population of neurons, we calculate the phase of the neuronal populations and then estimate the phase response curve (PRC) of those populations to electrical stimulation. The phase and PRC are then fed into a control algorithm called the input of maximal instantaneous efficiency (IMIE). By using IMIE, the synchrony across the slice is decreased by dividing the population of neurons into subpopulations without suppressing the oscillations locally. The desynchronization effect is persistent 10 s after stimulation is stopped. The IMIE control algorithm may be used as a novel closed-loop DBS approach to suppress the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor by inducing clusters with a single electrode.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we present a closed-loop controller to desynchronize neurons in brain slices by inducing clusters using a single electrode using calcium imaging feedback. Phase of neurons are estimated in real time, and from the phase response curve stimulation is applied to achieve target phase differences. This method is an alternative to coordinated reset and is a novel therapy that could be used to disrupt synchronous neuronal oscillations thought to be the mechanism underlying Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Faramarzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Théoden I Netoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Joyce W, Axelsson M. Regulation of splenic contraction persists as a vestigial trait in white-blooded Antarctic fishes. J Fish Biol 2021; 98:287-291. [PMID: 33090461 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, the spleen can function as an important reservoir for red blood cells (RBCs), which, following splenic contraction, may be released into the circulation to increase haematocrit during energy-demanding activities. This trait is particularly pronounced in red-blooded Antarctic fishes in which the spleen can sequester a large proportion of RBCs during rest, thereby reducing blood viscosity, which may serve as an adaptation to life in cold environments. In one species, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, it has previously been shown that splenic contraction primarily depends on cholinergic stimulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of splenic contraction in five other Antarctic fish species, three red-blooded notothenioids (Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937, Gobionotothen gibberifrons Lönnberg, 1905, Notothenia coriiceps Richardson 1844) and two white-blooded "icefish" (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lönnberg, 1906 and Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905), which lack haemoglobin and RBCs, but nevertheless possess a large spleen. In all species, splenic strips constricted in response to both cholinergic (carbachol) and adrenergic (adrenaline) agonists. Surprisingly, in the two species of icefish, the spleen responded with similar sensitivity to red-blooded species, despite contraction being of little obvious benefit for releasing RBCs into the circulation. Although the icefish lineage lost functional haemoglobin before diversifying over the past 7.8-4.8 millions of years, they retain the capacity to contract the spleen, likely as a vestige inherited from their red-blooded ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Johnson K, Yin J, In JG, Kulkarni S, Pasricha P, Tse CM, Donowitz M. Cholinergic-induced anion secretion in murine jejunal enteroids involves synergy between muscarinic and nicotinic pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C321-C330. [PMID: 32551856 PMCID: PMC7500216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00179.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine induces robust electrogenic anion secretion in mammalian intestine and it has long been hypothesized that it mediates the epithelial response through the M3 and, to a lesser extent, the M1 muscarinic receptors in the mouse. However, nicotinic receptors have recently been identified in intestinal enterocytes by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR/RNAseq, although any direct influence on intestinal transport has not been identified. We tested the hypothesis that cholinergic-induced anion secretion in the intestine is a result of both muscarinic and nicotinic pathways that are intrinsic to the intestinal epithelia. We developed a method to generate mouse jejunal enteroid monolayers which were used to measure active electrogenic anion secretion by the Ussing chamber/voltage-clamp technique. Here, we show that the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) and the muscarinic agonist bethanechol (BCh) stimulate short-lived, concentration-dependent anion secretion in the epithelial cell-only enteroid monolayers. The muscarinic antagonist atropine completely inhibited CCh- and BCh-induced secretion, while the nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium reduced the CCh response by ~45%. While nicotine alone did not alter anion secretion, it increased the BCh-induced increase in short-circuit current in a concentration-dependent manner; this synergy was prevented by pretreatment with hexamethonium. In addition to being sensitive to hexamethonium, monolayers express both classes of cholinergic receptor by qRT-PCR, including 13 of 16 nicotinic receptor subunits. Our findings indicate that an interaction between muscarinic and nicotinic agonists synergistically stimulates anion secretion in mouse jejunal epithelial cells and identify a role for epithelial nicotinic receptors in anion secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jianyi Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie G In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Subhash Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pankaj Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chung Ming Tse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scabia G, Cancello R, Dallanoce C, Berger S, Matera C, Dattilo A, Zulian A, Barone I, Ceccarini G, Santini F, De Amici M, Di Blasio AM, Maffei M. ICH3, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, modulates adipocyte inflammation associated with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:983-993. [PMID: 31965518 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), involved in the modulation of inflammation and insulin sensitivity, is downregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese patients. This study aims to test the ability of a selective synthetic α7nAChR agonist, the spirocyclic Δ2-isoxazoline derivative (R)-(-)-ICH3 (ICH3), to counteract acute inflammation and obesity-associated modifications in WAT. METHODS We employed the LPS-septic shock murine model, human primary adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Inflammatory factor expression was assessed by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was employed to define WAT inflammatory infiltrate. Insulin signaling was monitored by quantification of AKT phosphorylation. RESULTS In the septic shock model, ICH3 revealed antipyretic action and reduced the surge of circulating cytokines. In vitro, ICH3 stimulation (10 µM) preserved viability of human adipocytes, decreased IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) and blunted LPS-induced peak of TNFα (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.01). Chronic administration of ICH3 to DIO mice was associated with lower numbers of CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) and to changed WAT expression of inflammatory factors (Hp, P < 0.05; CD301/MGL1, P < 0.01; Arg-1, P < 0.05). As compared to untreated, ICH3 DIO mice exhibited improved insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01) mirrored by an improved response to glucose load (ipGTT: P < 0.05 at 120 min). CONCLUSIONS We proved that ICH3 is an anti-inflammatory drug, able to reduce inflammatory cytokines in human adipocytes and to blunt the effects of obesity on WAT inflammatory profile, on glucose tolerance and on tissue insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Scabia
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Cancello
- Laboratorio di Ricerche Sull'Obesità, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Berger
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Matera
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Dattilo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Zulian
- Laboratorio di Ricerche Sull'Obesità, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - I Barone
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Di Blasio
- Laboratorio di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Maffei
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dasgupta R, Saha I, Ray PP, Maity A, Pradhan D, Sarkar HP, Maiti BR. Arecoline plays dual role on adrenal function and glucose-glycogen homeostasis under thermal stress in mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:214-224. [PMID: 30318934 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1508238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline has biomedical importance, but it has untoward side effects on endocrine functions. The aim is to investigate its role on adrenal activity under thermal stress by ultrastructural and hormonal parameters in mice. Cold (4 °C) or heat (37 °C) stress, or arecoline (10 mg/kg body wt), each for 7 days in cold or heat stress stimulated adrenocortical activity ultrastructurally with an elevation of corticosterone level. Adrenomedullary activity was suppressed in cold stress with depletion of catecholamine levels. In heat stress, adrenomedullary activity was stimulated ultrastructurally with an elevation of catecholamine levels. Arecoline treatment alone, or in cold or heat stress suppressed adrenomedullary activity, judged by ultrastructural and hormonal parameters. Arecoline treatment caused hypoglycemia with an elevation of glycogen level, but cold or heat stress, or arecoline treatment in thermal stress caused hyperglycemia, with a fall in glycogen profile. Thus, arecoline in thermal stress plays a dual role on adrenal function and glucose-glycogen homeostasis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romi Dasgupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | | | | | - Aniruddha Maity
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | | | | | - B R Maiti
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du X, Tang Y, Han Y, Ri S, Kim T, Ju K, Shi W, Sun S, Zhou W, Liu G. Acetylcholine suppresses phagocytosis via binding to muscarinic- and nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors and subsequently interfering Ca 2+- and NFκB-signaling pathways in blood clam. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:152-160. [PMID: 32320762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Though immunomodulation via cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), an important part of neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) regulatory network, has been well established in vertebrate species, the mechanisms remain poorly understood in invertebrates. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of ACh on haemocyte phagocytosis was investigated in an invertebrate bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. Data obtained showed that in vitro ACh incubation suppressed phagocytic activity of haemocytes along with a significant elevation in intracellular Ca2+. In addition, the expressions of genes from Ca2+ signaling pathway were significantly induced whereas those from NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly down-regulated by ACh incubation. Furthermore, these adverse impacts of ACh were significantly relieved by the blocking of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) using corresponding antagonists. Our study suggests that ACh suppresses phagocytosis via binding to both mAChRs and nAChRs, which disrupts intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and subsequently interferes with downstream Ca2+ and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, PR Korea
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, PR Korea
| | - Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093, PR Korea
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Acetylcholine is well-understood to enhance cortical sensory responses and perceptual sensitivity in aroused or attentive states. Yet little is known about cholinergic influences on motor cortical regions. Here we use the quantifiable nature of birdsong to investigate how acetylcholine modulates the cortical (pallial) premotor nucleus HVC and shapes vocal output. We found that dialyzing the cholinergic agonist carbachol into HVC increased the pitch, amplitude, tempo and stereotypy of song, similar to the natural invigoration of song that occurs when males direct their songs to females. These carbachol-induced effects were associated with increased neural activity in HVC and occurred independently of basal ganglia circuitry. Moreover, we discovered that the normal invigoration of female-directed song was also accompanied by increased HVC activity and was attenuated by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These results indicate that, analogous to its influence on sensory systems, acetylcholine can act directly on cortical premotor circuitry to adaptively shape behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Jaffe
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael S Brainard
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maroli A, Di Lascio S, Drufuca L, Cardani S, Setten E, Locati M, Fornasari D, Benfante R. Effect of donepezil on the expression and responsiveness to LPS of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A in macrophages: A possible link to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:155-166. [PMID: 31048268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA7) modulates the inflammatory response by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. CHRFAM7A, the human-restricted duplicated form of CHRNA7, has a negative effect on the functioning of α7 receptors, suggesting that CHRFAM7A expression regulation may be a key step in the modulation of inflammation in the human setting. The analysis of the CHRFAM7A gene's regulatory region reveals some of the mechanisms driving its expression and responsiveness to LPS in human immune cell models. Moreover, given the immunomodulatory potential of donepezil we show that it differently modulates CHRFAM7A and CHRNA7 responsiveness to LPS, thus contributing to its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Maroli
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Lascio
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drufuca
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Cardani
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR -Neuroscience Institute, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Benfante
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR -Neuroscience Institute, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang H, Liu H, Zeng Q, Imperato GH, Addorisio ME, Li J, He M, Cheng KF, Al-Abed Y, Harris HE, Chavan SS, Andersson U, Tracey KJ. Inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE-mediated endocytosis by HMGB1 antagonist box A, anti-HMGB1 antibodies, and cholinergic agonists suppresses inflammation. Mol Med 2019; 25:13. [PMID: 30975096 PMCID: PMC6460792 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) serves a central role in inflammation as a transporter protein, which binds other immune-activating molecules that are endocytosed via the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). These pro-inflammatory complexes are targeted to the endolysosomal compartment, where HMGB1 permeabilizes the lysosomes. This enables HMGB1-partner molecules to avoid degradation, to leak into the cytosol, and to reach cognate immune-activating sensors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) requires this pathway to generate pyroptosis by accessing its key cytosolic receptors, murine caspase 11, or the human caspases 4 and 5. This lytic, pro-inflammatory cell death plays a fundamental pathogenic role in gram-negative sepsis. The aim of the study was to identify molecules inhibiting HMGB1 or HMGB1/LPS cellular internalization. METHODS Endocytosis was studied in cultured macrophages using Alexa Fluor-labeled HMGB1 or complexes of HMGB1 and Alexa Fluor-labeled LPS in the presence of an anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), recombinant HMGB1 box A protein, acetylcholine, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype alpha 7 (α7 nAChR) agonist GTS-21, or a dynamin-specific inhibitor of endocytosis. Images were obtained by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by the ImageJ processing program (NIH). Data were analyzed using student's t test or one-way ANOVA followed by the least significant difference or Tukey's tests. RESULTS Anti-HMGB1 mAb, recombinant HMGB1 antagonist box A protein, acetylcholine, GTS-21, and the dynamin-specific inhibitor of endocytosis inhibited internalization of HMGB1 or HMGB1-LPS complexes in cultured macrophages. These agents prevented macrophage activation in response to HMGB1 and/or HMGB1-LPS complexes. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that therapies based on HMGB1 antagonists and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway share a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism of substantial clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Qiong Zeng
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Gavin H. Imperato
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Meghan E. Addorisio
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Mingzhu He
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Kai Fan Cheng
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Helena E. Harris
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lehner KR, Silverman HA, Addorisio ME, Roy A, Al-Onaizi MA, Levine Y, Olofsson PS, Chavan SS, Gros R, Nathanson NM, Al-Abed Y, Metz CN, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA. Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling Regulates Innate Immune Responses and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:585. [PMID: 31024522 PMCID: PMC6455130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain regulates physiological functions integral to survival. However, the insight into brain neuronal regulation of peripheral immune function and the neuromediator systems and pathways involved remains limited. Here, utilizing selective genetic and pharmacological approaches, we studied the role of forebrain cholinergic signaling in the regulation of peripheral immune function and inflammation. Forebrain-selective genetic ablation of acetylcholine release and vagotomy abolished the suppression of serum TNF by the centrally-acting cholinergic drug galantamine in murine endotoxemia. Selective stimulation of acetylcholine action on the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR) by central administration of the positive allosteric modulator benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) suppressed serum TNF (TNFα) levels in murine endotoxemia. This effect was recapitulated by peripheral administration of the compound. BQCA also improved survival in murine endotoxemia and these effects were abolished in M1 mAChR knockout (KO) mice. Selective optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervating brain regions with abundant M1 mAChR localization reduced serum TNF in endotoxemic mice. These findings reveal that forebrain cholinergic neurons regulate innate immune responses and inflammation, suggesting the possibility that in diseases associated with cholinergic dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease this anti-inflammatory regulation can be impaired. These results also suggest novel anti-inflammatory approaches based on targeting forebrain cholinergic signaling in sepsis and other disorders characterized by immune dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Lehner
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Harold A. Silverman
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Meghan E. Addorisio
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ashbeel Roy
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Onaizi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Yaakov Levine
- SetPoint Medical Corporation, Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Robert Gros
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Neil M. Nathanson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine N. Metz
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Vania F. Prado
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A. M. Prado
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sluzalska KD, Liebisch G, Ishaque B, Schmitz G, Rickert M, Steinmeyer J. The Effect of Dexamethasone, Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptor Agonists on Phospholipid Metabolism in Human Osteoarthritic Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020342. [PMID: 30650648 PMCID: PMC6359197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) possess the unique ability to contribute to synovial joint lubrication. The aim of our study was to determine for the first time the effect of dexamethasone and some adrenergic and cholinergic agonists on the biosynthesis and release of PLs from human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Osteoarthritic human knee FLS were treated with dexamethasone, terbutaline, epinephrine, carbachol, and pilocarpine, or the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486. Simultaneously PL biosynthesis was determined through the incorporation of stable isotope-labeled precursors into PLs. Radioactive isotope-labeled precursors were used to radiolabel PLs for the subsequent quantification of their release into nutrient media. Lipids were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry or liquid scintillation counting. Dexamethasone significantly decreased the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PE-based plasmalogen, and sphingomyelin. The addition of RU 486 abolished these effects. A release of PLs from FLS into nutrient media was not recognized by any of the tested agents. None of the adrenergic or cholinergic receptor agonists modulated the PL biosynthesis. We demonstrate for the first time an inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the PL biosynthesis of FLS from human knees. Moreover, our study indicates that the PL metabolism of synovial joints and lungs are differently regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Sluzalska
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Ishaque
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Rickert
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khajehali E, Valant C, Jörg M, Tobin AB, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Sexton PM, Scammells PJ, Christopoulos A. Probing the binding site of novel selective positive allosteric modulators at the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:243-254. [PMID: 29777683 PMCID: PMC6066355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Subtype-selective allosteric modulation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M1 mAChR) is an attractive approach for the treatment of numerous disorders, including cognitive deficits. The discovery of benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid, BQCA, a selective M1 mAChR positive allosteric modulator (PAM), spurred the subsequent development of newer generation M1 PAMs representing diverse chemical scaffolds, different pharmacodynamic properties and, in some instances, improved pharmacokinetics. Key exemplar molecules from such efforts include PF-06767832 (N-((3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5-methyl-4-(4-(thiazol-4-yl)benzyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide), VU6004256 (4,6-difluoro-N-(1S,2S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl-1-((6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide) and MIPS1780 (3-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-6-(2-((4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-benzyl)oxy)phenyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one). Given these diverse scaffolds and pharmacodynamics, the current study combined pharmacological analysis and site-directed mutagenesis to explore the potential binding site and function of newer M1 mAChR PAMs relative to BQCA. Interestingly, the mechanism of action of the novel PAMs was consistent with a common model of allostery, as previously described for BQCA. Key residues involved in the activity of BQCA, including Y179 in the second extracellular loop (ECL) and W4007.35 in transmembrane domain (TM) 7, were critical for the activity of all PAMs tested. Overall, our data indicate that structurally distinct PAMs share a similar binding site with BQCA, specifically, an extracellular allosteric site defined by residues in TM2, TM7 and ECL2. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural basis underlying modulator binding, cooperativity and signaling at the M1 mAChR, which is essential for the rational design of PAMs with tailored pharmacological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van der Westhuizen ET, Spathis A, Khajehali E, Jörg M, Mistry SN, Capuano B, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Scammells PJ, Valant C, Christopoulos A. Assessment of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel 4-Phenylpyridine-2-One and 6-Phenylpyrimidin-4-One Allosteric Modulators at the M 1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:770-783. [PMID: 29691279 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that target the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M1 mAChR) are potential treatments for cognitive deficits in conditions such as Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia. We recently reported novel 4-phenylpyridine-2-one and 6-phenylpyrimidin-4-one M1 mAChR PAMs with the potential to display different modes of positive allosteric modulation and/or agonism but whose molecular mechanisms of action remain undetermined. The current study compared the pharmacology of three such novel PAMs with the prototypical first-generation PAM, benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA), in a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stably expressing the human M1 mAChR. Interactions between the orthosteric agonists and the novel PAMs or BQCA suggested their allosteric effects were solely governed by modulation of agonist affinity. The greatest degree of positive co-operativity was observed with higher efficacy agonists, whereas minimal potentiation was observed when the modulators were tested against the lower efficacy agonist, xanomeline. Each PAM was investigated for its effects on the endogenous agonist ACh on three different signaling pathways [extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 phosphorylation, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, and β-arrestin-2 recruitment], revealing that the allosteric potentiation generally tracked with the efficiency of stimulus-response coupling, and that there was little pathway bias in the allosteric effects. Thus, despite the identification of novel allosteric scaffolds targeting the M1 mAChR, the molecular mechanism of action of these compounds is largely consistent with a model of allostery previously described for BQCA, suggesting that this may be a more generalized mechanism for M1 mAChR PAM effects than previously appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma T van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Arthur Spathis
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Ben Capuano
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology (E.T.W., A.S., E.K., P.M.S., C.V., A.C.) and Medicinal Chemistry (M.J., S.N.M., B.C., P.J.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.B.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blanchard A, Guégnard F, Charvet CL, Crisford A, Courtot E, Sauvé C, Harmache A, Duguet T, O’Connor V, Castagnone-Sereno P, Reaves B, Wolstenholme AJ, Beech RN, Holden-Dye L, Neveu C. Deciphering the molecular determinants of cholinergic anthelmintic sensitivity in nematodes: When novel functional validation approaches highlight major differences between the model Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic species. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006996. [PMID: 29719008 PMCID: PMC5931475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic agonists such as levamisole and pyrantel are widely used as anthelmintics to treat parasitic nematode infestations. These drugs elicit spastic paralysis by activating acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) expressed in nematode body wall muscles. In the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, genetic screens led to the identification of five genes encoding levamisole-sensitive-AChR (L-AChR) subunits: unc-38, unc-63, unc-29, lev-1 and lev-8. These subunits form a functional L-AChR when heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Here we show that the majority of parasitic species that are sensitive to levamisole lack a gene orthologous to C. elegans lev-8. This raises important questions concerning the properties of the native receptor that constitutes the target for cholinergic anthelmintics. We demonstrate that the closely related ACR-8 subunit from phylogenetically distant animal and plant parasitic nematode species functionally substitutes for LEV-8 in the C. elegans L-AChR when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The importance of ACR-8 in parasitic nematode sensitivity to cholinergic anthelmintics is reinforced by a ‘model hopping’ approach in which we demonstrate the ability of ACR-8 from the hematophagous parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus to fully restore levamisole sensitivity, and to confer high sensitivity to pyrantel, when expressed in the body wall muscle of C. elegans lev-8 null mutants. The critical role of acr-8 to in vivo drug sensitivity is substantiated by the successful demonstration of RNAi gene silencing for Hco-acr-8 which reduced the sensitivity of H. contortus larvae to levamisole. Intriguingly, the pyrantel sensitivity remained unchanged thus providing new evidence for distinct modes of action of these important anthelmintics in parasitic species versus C. elegans. More broadly, this highlights the limits of C. elegans as a predictive model to decipher cholinergic agonist targets from parasitic nematode species and provides key molecular insight to inform the discovery of next generation anthelmintic compounds. Parasitic nematodes have global health and economic impacts. They infect animals, including livestock, humans, and plants including all major food crops. Their control in human and veterinary medicine is reliant on anthelmintic drugs but this is now challenged by resistant worms especially in livestock. Importantly, for anthelmintics such as levamisole and other cholinergic agonists, resistance appears to be less frequent stressing the need to investigate their molecular target in parasitic nematodes. The levamisole receptor was first identified in the free-living model nematode C. elegans but it is now becoming apparent that this is not a good predictor for many parasitic species. In particular we have found that the LEV-8 subunit which is involved in levamisole sensitivity in C. elegans, is not present in many levamisole-sensitive parasitic species. Here we used heterologous expression systems and gene silencing to provide the functional in vivo demonstration that the ACR-8 subunit, which is not an essential component of the levamisole receptor in C. elegans, has a critical role in the levamisole sensitivity of parasitic nematodes. This has important significance for understanding the molecular targets of cholinergic anthelmintics and addresses the increasing challenge of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Crisford
- Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Courtot
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Duguet
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent O’Connor
- Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barbara Reaves
- Department of Infectious Disease & Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Adrian J. Wolstenholme
- Department of Infectious Disease & Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Robin N. Beech
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Neveu
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li DJ, Liu J, Hua X, Fu H, Huang F, Fei YB, Lu WJ, Shen FM, Wang P. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit improves energy homeostasis and inhibits inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2018; 79:52-63. [PMID: 29129819 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide; yet, the pathogenesis of the disorder is not completely understood. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR) plays an indispensable role in the vagus nerve-regulated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the key role of α7nAChR in NAFLD development. Male wild-type (WT) and α7nAChR knockout (α7nAChR-/-) mice were fed a normal chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16weeks to induce NAFLD. RESULTS We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of α7nAChR in the liver tissue of NAFLD mice were significantly higher than those in mice fed normal chow. There were no differences in food intake, body weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and insulin sensitivity between WT and α7nAChR-/- mice under normal condition. When the WT and α7nAChR-/- mice were challenged with HFD, the body weight of α7nAChR-/- mice became higher than that of WT mice. The oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice were significantly lower than that in HFD-fed WT mice. The HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice also showed more aggravated hepatic lipid accumulation, steatosis and oxidative stress than HFD-fed WT mice. Macrophage infiltration; mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β; and liver fibrosis were significantly accelerated in HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice compared to that in HFD-fed WT mice. In addition, the bolus insulin injection-activated insulin signaling pathway, which was reflected by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor at Tyr1162/Tyr1163 site (p-IRTyr1162/Tyr1163), insulin receptor substrate-1 at Tyr612 site (p-IRS-1Tyr612) and Akt at Ser473 (p-AktSer473), was significantly compromised in liver tissues of HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice relative to HFD-fed WT mice. Finally, pharmacologically activation of α7nAChR in HFD-fed mice, with a selective agonist PNU-282987, remarkably ameliorated the hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate that activation of α7nAChR improves energy homeostasis and inhibits inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bo Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yoshizawa T, Hayashi Y, Yoshida A, Yoshida S, Ito Y, Yamaguchi K, Yamada S, Takahashi S. Concomitant alteration in number and affinity of P 2X and muscarinic receptors are associated with bladder dysfunction in early stage of diabetic rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:451-458. [PMID: 29368246 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate time course of bladder dysfunction and concurrent changes in number and affinity of the muscarinic and P2X receptor in the early stage of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic rats were prepared by the intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of STZ to 7-week-old female Wistar rats. We performed recording of 24-h voiding behavior and cystometry at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the induction of diabetes. A muscle strip experiments with electrical field stimulation (EFS), carbachol, and α,β-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (α,β-MeATP) were also performed at the same time-points. Additionally, concurrent changes in number and affinity of bladder muscarinic and P2X receptor were measured by a radioreceptor assay using [N-methyl-3H] scopolamine methyl chloride ([3H]NMS) and α,β-methylene-ATP (2,8-3H) tetrasodium salt ([3H]α,β-MeATP). RESULTS In STZ-induced diabetic rats, polydipsic polyuric pollakiuria were noted on recording of 24-h voiding behavior from early stage. Also, the residual urine volume markedly increased in diabetic rats on cystometry. In the muscle strip experiment, the detrusor contractions induced by EFS, carbachol, and α,β-MeATP were enhanced in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Based on the radioreceptor assay, the maximum number of sites (Bmax) for the specific binding of [3H]NMS and [3H]α,β-MeATP was concurrently increased in the bladder from diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Increased bladder contractility is found in early stage of diabetic rats. Then, bladder dysfunction is associated with increased number of muscarinic and P2X receptors in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yoshizawa
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku,, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | | | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiko Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenya Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku,, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku,, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sayeed MSB, Alhadidi Q, Shah ZA. Cofilin signaling in hemin-induced microglial activation and inflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 313:46-55. [PMID: 29153608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe form of stroke and is further exacerbated by the secondary injury involving inflammatory response due to the activation of microglia. This secondary injury is partly due to the toxic effects of hemin, an endogenous breakdown product of hemoglobin. Cofilin, an actin depolymerizing factor, controls actin dynamics and has been previously shown to be involved in mediating neuronal cell death in ischemic conditions and during bacterial lipopolysaccharide induced microglial activation. There are limited studies regarding the deleterious effects of extremely high concentrations of hemin released during ICH and its effects on microglia and subsequent cofilin response. Therefore, investigations were conducted to study the effects of hemin on microglial activation induced inflammation and the critical role of cofilin in mediating the response. We observed that hemin treated microglia had a concentration dependent increase in cofilin expression and NO production. There were increased levels of iNOS, TNF-α, HO1, Nrf2, Wfs-1, XBP-1 and spliced XBP-1 observed in response to hemin treatment and the signaling was found to be partly mediated by cofilin. Acute hemin treatment did not evoke Ca2+ signaling and long-term treatment of hemin also resulted in the failure of microglial response to acetylcholine-evoked Ca2+ signaling. Knockdown of cofilin by siRNA also reduced acetylcholine-evoked Ca2+ signaling. These studies demonstrate that cofilin signaling is important in hemin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress, microglial migration, and the ability to evoke Ca2+ signaling. Therefore, cofilin inhibition could be a potential therapy in brain injuries triggered by hemin toxicity in conditions like ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Qasim Alhadidi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Klaka P, Grüdl S, Banowski B, Giesen M, Sättler A, Proksch P, Welss T, Förster T. A novel organotypic 3D sweat gland model with physiological functionality. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182752. [PMID: 28796813 PMCID: PMC5552089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated human eccrine sweat glands can negatively impact the quality-of-life of people suffering from disorders like hyperhidrosis. Inability of sweating can even result in serious health effects in humans affected by anhidrosis. The underlying mechanisms must be elucidated and a reliable in vitro test system for drug screening must be developed. Here we describe a novel organotypic three-dimensional (3D) sweat gland model made of primary human eccrine sweat gland cells. Initial experiments revealed that eccrine sweat gland cells in a two-dimensional (2D) culture lose typical physiological markers. To resemble the in vivo situation as close as possible, we applied the hanging drop cultivation technology regaining most of the markers when cultured in its natural spherical environment. To compare the organotypic 3D sweat gland model versus human sweat glands in vivo, we compared markers relevant for the eccrine sweat gland using transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Comparing the marker profile, a high in vitro-in vivo correlation was shown. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3), Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1/TMEM16A), and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) are found at significant expression levels in the 3D model. Moreover, cholinergic stimulation with acetylcholine or pilocarpine leads to calcium influx monitored in a calcium flux assay. Cholinergic stimulation cannot be achieved with the sweat gland cell line NCL-SG3 used as a sweat gland model system. Our results show clear benefits of the organotypic 3D sweat gland model versus 2D cultures in terms of the expression of essential eccrine sweat gland key regulators and in the physiological response to stimulation. Taken together, this novel organotypic 3D sweat gland model shows a good in vitro-in vivo correlation and is an appropriate alternative for screening of potential bioactives regulating the sweat mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Klaka
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (PK); (TW)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Welss
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (PK); (TW)
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sottile SY, Ling L, Cox BC, Caspary DM. Impact of ageing on postsynaptic neuronal nicotinic neurotransmission in auditory thalamus. J Physiol 2017; 595:5375-5385. [PMID: 28585699 PMCID: PMC5538226 DOI: 10.1113/jp274467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a fundamental role in the attentional circuitry throughout the mammalian CNS. In the present study, we report a novel finding that ageing negatively impacts nAChR efficacy in auditory thalamus, and this is probably the result of a loss of nAChR density (Bmax ) and changes in the subunit composition of nAChRs. Our data support the hypothesis that age-related maladaptive changes involving nAChRs within thalamocortical circuits partially underpin the difficulty that elderly adults experience with respect to attending to speech and other salient acoustic signals. ABSTRACT The flow of auditory information through the medial geniculate body (MGB) is regulated, in part, by cholinergic projections from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. The functional significance of these projections is not fully established, although they have been strongly implicated in the allocation of auditory attention. Using in vitro slice recordings, we have analysed postsynaptic function and pharmacology of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) in young adult and the aged rat MGB. We find that ACh produces significant excitatory postsynaptic actions on young MGB neurons, probably mediated by β2-containing heteromeric nAChRs. Radioligand binding studies show a significant age-related loss of heteromeric nAChR receptor number, which supports patch clamp data showing an age-related loss in ACh efficacy in evoking postsynaptic responses. Use of the β2-selective nAChR antagonist, dihydro-β-erythroidine, suggests that loss of cholinergic efficacy may also be the result of an age-related subunit switch from high affinity β2-containing nAChRs to low affinity β4-containing nAChRs, in addition to the loss of total nAChR number. This age-related nAChR dysfunction may partially underpin the attentional deficits that contribute to the loss of speech understanding in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brandon C. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Surgery, Division of OtolaryngologySouthern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldILUSA
| | - Donald M. Caspary
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Surgery, Division of OtolaryngologySouthern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldILUSA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Betterton RT, Broad LM, Tsaneva‐Atanasova K, Mellor JR. Acetylcholine modulates gamma frequency oscillations in the hippocampus by activation of muscarinic M1 receptors. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1570-1585. [PMID: 28406538 PMCID: PMC5518221 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of gamma oscillations is important for the processing of information and the disruption of gamma oscillations is a prominent feature of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Gamma oscillations are generated by the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory neurons where their precise frequency and amplitude are controlled by the balance of excitation and inhibition. Acetylcholine enhances the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons and suppresses both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, but the net modulatory effect on gamma oscillations is not known. Here, we find that the power, but not frequency, of optogenetically induced gamma oscillations in the CA3 region of mouse hippocampal slices is enhanced by low concentrations of the broad‐spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol but reduced at higher concentrations. This bidirectional modulation of gamma oscillations is replicated within a mathematical model by neuronal depolarisation, but not by reducing synaptic conductances, mimicking the effects of muscarinic M1 receptor activation. The predicted role for M1 receptors was supported experimentally; bidirectional modulation of gamma oscillations by acetylcholine was replicated by a selective M1 receptor agonist and prevented by genetic deletion of M1 receptors. These results reveal that acetylcholine release in CA3 of the hippocampus modulates gamma oscillation power but not frequency in a bidirectional and dose‐dependent manner by acting primarily through muscarinic M1 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth T. Betterton
- Centre for Synaptic PlasticitySchool of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | | | - Krasimira Tsaneva‐Atanasova
- Department of MathematicsCollege of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| | - Jack R. Mellor
- Centre for Synaptic PlasticitySchool of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lian W, Fang J, Xu L, Zhou W, Kang D, Xiong W, Jia H, Liu AL, Du GH. DL0410 Ameliorates Memory and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Scopolamine via Increasing Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030410. [PMID: 28272324 PMCID: PMC6155334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the cholinergic system is thought to play a vital role in cognitive impairment of dementia. DL0410 was discovered as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestease (BuChE), with potent efficiency in in-vitro experiments, but its in vivo effect on the cholinergic model has not been evaluated, and its action mechanism has also not been illustrated. In the present study, the capability of DL0410 in ameliorating the amnesia induced by scopolamine was investigated, and its effect on the cholinergic system in the hippocampus and its binding mode in the active site of AChE was also explored. Mice were administrated DL0410 (3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg), and mice treated with donepezil were used as a positive control. The Morris water maze, escape learning task, and passive avoidance task were used as behavioral tests. The test results indicated that DL0410 could significantly improve the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine, with 10 mg/kg performing best. Further, DL0410 inhibited the AChE activity and increased acetylcholine (ACh) levels in a dose-dependent manner, and interacted with the active site of AChE in a similar manner as donepezil. However, no difference in the activity of BuChE was found in this study. All of the evidence indicated that its AChE inhibition is an important mechanism in the anti-amnesia effect. In conclusion, DL0410 could be an effective therapeutic drug for the treatment of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lian
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lvjie Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - De Kang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wandi Xiong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hao Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lock JT, Smith IF, Parker I. Comparison of Ca 2+ puffs evoked by extracellular agonists and photoreleased IP 3. Cell Calcium 2016; 63:43-47. [PMID: 28108028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling pathway evokes local Ca2+ signals (Ca2+ puffs) that arise from the concerted openings of clustered IP3 receptor/channels in the ER membrane. Physiological activation is triggered by binding of agonists to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface, leading to cleavage of phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate and release of IP3 into the cytosol. Photorelease of IP3 from a caged precursor provides a convenient and widely employed means to study the final stage of IP3-mediated Ca2+ liberation, bypassing upstream signaling events to enable more precise control of the timing and relative concentration of cytosolic IP3. Here, we address whether Ca2+ puffs evoked by photoreleased IP3 fully replicate those arising from physiological agonist stimulation. We imaged puffs in individual SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that were sequentially stimulated by picospritzing extracellular agonist (carbachol, CCH or bradykinin, BK) followed by photorelease of a poorly-metabolized IP3 analog, i-IP3. The centroid localizations of fluorescence signals during puffs evoked in the same cells by agonists and photorelease substantially overlapped (within ∼1μm), suggesting that IP3 from both sources accesses the same, or closely co-localized clusters of IP3Rs. Moreover, the time course and spatial spread of puffs evoked by agonists and photorelease matched closely. Because photolysis generates IP3 uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, our results imply that IP3 generated in SH-SY5Y cells by activation of receptors to CCH and BK also exerts broadly distributed actions, rather than specifically activating a subpopulation of IP3Rs that are scaffolded in close proximity to cell surface receptors to form a signaling nanodomain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Lock
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
| | - Ian F Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Silkis IG, Makechiv VA. [Possible Mechanisms of Influence of Various Concentrations of Acetylcholine on Hippocampal Functioning]. Usp Fiziol Nauk 2016; 47:57-75. [PMID: 29283235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of features of influence of acetylcholine on the hippocampal functioning was performed basing on the modulation rules for the efficacy of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission we earlier proposed, and also on the known data about location of pre- and postsynaptic muscarine and nicotinic receptors. According to these rules, activation of postsynaptic muscarine М1/М3 and nicotinic receptors should promote long-term potentiation of excitatory and depressions (LTD) of inhibitory input to a neuron, whereas action on М2/М4 receptors should promote LTD of excitatory input and a decrease in neuromodulator release. If inhibitory input is stronger than excitatory, LTP (LTD) of excitatory input to the interneuron should promote LTD (LTP) of excitatory input to a target cell. It follows from the proposed mechanism that a lowing concentration of acetylcholine in the hippocampus, a decrease in density of М1/ М3 and a4p2 receptors, and augmenting binding of М2 receptors must lead to a depression of responses of pyramidal neurons in СА3 and СА1 fields to signals from the entorhinal cortex. Thereof, interaction of the semantic information, stored in the cortex, with the information of an episode-, stored in the hippocampus must be hindered and this effect can underlie disturbances of recall of stored information at Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang Z, Wang H, Wang J, Zhao M, Sun N, Sun F, Shen J, Zhang H, Xia K, Chen D, Gao M, Hammer RP, Liu Q, Xi Z, Fan X, Wu J. Cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R) agonist, GW405833 reduces agonist-induced Ca(2+) oscillations in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29757. [PMID: 27432473 PMCID: PMC4949433 DOI: 10.1038/srep29757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that the blockade of intracellular Ca(2+) signals may protect pancreatic acinar cells against Ca(2+) overload, intracellular protease activation, and necrosis. The activation of cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R) prevents acinar cell pathogenesis in animal models of acute pancreatitis. However, whether CB2Rs modulate intracellular Ca(2+) signals in pancreatic acinar cells is largely unknown. We evaluated the roles of CB2R agonist, GW405833 (GW) in agonist-induced Ca(2+) oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells using multiple experimental approaches with acute dissociated pancreatic acinar cells prepared from wild type, CB1R-knockout (KO), and CB2R-KO mice. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that CB2R protein was expressed in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Electrophysiological experiments showed that activation of CB2Rs by GW reduced acetylcholine (ACh)-, but not cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced Ca(2+) oscillations in a concentration-dependent manner; this inhibition was prevented by a selective CB2R antagonist, AM630, or was absent in CB2R-KO but not CB1R-KO mice. In addition, GW eliminated L-arginine-induced enhancement of Ca(2+) oscillations, pancreatic amylase, and pulmonary myeloperoxidase. Collectively, we provide novel evidence that activation of CB2Rs eliminates ACh-induced Ca(2+) oscillations and L-arginine-induced enhancement of Ca(2+) signaling in mouse pancreatic acinar cells, which suggests a potential cellular mechanism of CB2R-mediated protection in acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Acinar Cells/drug effects
- Acinar Cells/metabolism
- Acinar Cells/physiology
- Animals
- Arginine/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cholinergic Agonists/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Pancreas/cytology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix AZ 85013, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jingke Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Mengqin Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Nana Sun
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jianxin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kunkun Xia
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix AZ 85013, USA
| | - Dejie Chen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ronald P. Hammer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Qingrong Liu
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhengxiong Xi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix AZ 85013, USA
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tan KY, Tan CH, Sim SM, Fung SY, Tan NH. Geographical venom variations of the Southeast Asian monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia): venom-induced neuromuscular depression and antivenom neutralization. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:77-86. [PMID: 26972756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Southeast Asian monocled cobras (Naja kaouthia) exhibit geographical variations in their venom proteomes, especially on the composition of neurotoxins. This study compared the neuromuscular depressant activity of the venoms of N. kaouthia from Malaysia (NK-M), Thailand (NK-T) and Vietnam (NK-V), and the neutralization of neurotoxicity by a monospecific antivenom. On chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation, all venoms abolished the indirect twitches, with NK-T venom being the most potent (shortest t90, time to 90% twitch inhibition), followed by NK-V and NK-M. Acetylcholine and carbachol failed to reverse the blockade, indicating irreversible/pseudo-irreversible post-synaptic neuromuscular blockade. KCl restored the twitches variably (NK-M preparation being the least responsive), consistent with different degree of muscle damage. The findings support that NK-T venom has the most abundant curarimimetic alpha-neurotoxins, while NK-M venom contains more tissue-damaging cytotoxins. Pre-incubation of tissue with N. kaouthia monovalent antivenom (NKMAV) prevented venom-induced twitch depression, with the NK-T preparation needing the largest antivenom dose. NKMAV added after the onset of neuromuscular depression could only halt the inhibitory progression but failed to restore full contraction. The findings highlight the urgency of early antivenom administration to sequester as much circulating neurotoxins as possible, thereby hastening toxin elimination from the circulation. In envenomed mice, NKMAV administered upon the first neurological sign neutralized the neurotoxic effect, with the slowest full recovery noticed in the NK-T group. This is consistent with the high abundance of neurotoxins in the NK-T venom, implying that a larger amount or repeated dosing of NKMAV may be required in NK-T envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kae Yi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choo Hock Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Si Mui Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fillafer C, Schneider MF. On the excitation of action potentials by protons and its potential implications for cholinergic transmission. Protoplasma 2016; 253:357-365. [PMID: 25874591 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the most conserved mechanisms for transmission of a nerve pulse across a synapse relies on acetylcholine (ACh). Ever since the Nobel Prize-winning works of Dale and Loewi, it has been assumed that ACh-subsequent to its action on a postsynaptic cell-is split into inactive by-products by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Herein, the widespread assumption of inactivity of ACh's hydrolysis products is falsified. Excitable cells (Chara braunii internodes), which had previously been unresponsive to ACh, became ACh-sensitive in the presence of AChE. The latter was evidenced by a striking difference in cell membrane depolarization upon exposure to 10 mM intact ACh (∆V = -2 ± 5 mV) and its hydrolysate (∆V = 81 ± 19 mV), respectively, for 60 s. This pronounced depolarization, which also triggered action potentials, was clearly attributed to one of the hydrolysis products: acetic acid (∆V = 87 ± 9 mV at pH 4.0; choline ineffective in the range 1-10 mM). In agreement with our findings, numerous studies in the literature have reported that acids excite gels, lipid membranes, plant cells, erythrocytes, as well as neurons. Whether excitation of the postsynaptic cell in a cholinergic synapse is due to protons or due to intact ACh is a most fundamental question that has not been addressed so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fillafer
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Matthias F Schneider
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Afzal A, Ajmal K, Shakir S, Khan BT, Ara I. Paroxetine: An update of response on intestinal motility. J PAK MED ASSOC 2016; 66:240-242. [PMID: 26968268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the possible effects of paroxetine on gastrointestinal smooth muscles in vitro as they can cause severe nausea and vomiting at the start of therapy which later settles down. METHODS Power lab (USA) was used for recording the contractions of ileal smooth muscle of rabbits in response to acetylcholine, serotonin and paroxetine. RESULTS The percent responses with acetylcholine, serotonin and paroxetine were 100, 158.7 and 6.45 percent respectively indicating that acetylcholine and serotonin causes an increase in contractility of isolated ileal smooth muscle in comparison to paroxetine which has a depressant effect on motility. CONCLUSIONS Inability of paroxetine to enhance the serotonergic transmission in vitro causes a decrease in its qualitative response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Ajmal
- Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Sabeen Shakir
- Department of Pharmacology, Rawal Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Iffat Ara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khnychenko LK, Okunevich IV, Losev NA, Sapronov NS. [Hypolipidemic activity of N-cholinergic antagonist Benzohexonium in the experiments ]. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter 2016; 60:36-43. [PMID: 29215244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods: Experiments were carried out on outbred albino male rats (n = 150, 230-250 g). For modeling dislipoproteinemia (DLP) we used 3 models: single intraperitoneal injection of the detergent triton WR-1339; administration of ethanol; maintenance on a special hypercholesterolaemic diet (HD) during 21 days. Animals were divided into four groups: normal control, model group, gemfibrozil (Gfb) group, benzohexonium (Benz) group. Rats received per os benzohexonium (20mg/kg), reference drug gemfibrozil (50 mg/kg). We determined content of total cholesterol (TCh), triglycerides (TG) in samples of blood serum and liver, TCh in aorta. TCh, TG and Ch-HDL were analyzed spectrophotometrically using of standardized methods. Results: Compared with model group the contents of TCh, TG in serum and liver were significantly decreased in model + Benz group, whereas Ch-HDL was raised in rats fed special HD (P<0.05). Calculated index of atherogenity (TCh - Ch-HDL) / (Ch-HDL) showed the positive effect. Conclusion: The results obtained were shown the hypolipidemic activity of N-cholinergic antagonist Benzohexonium (20 mg/kg) lowered the content of lipids in blood, liver, and aorta.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Lung cancers express an autocrine cholinergic loop in which secreted acetylcholine can stimulate tumor growth through both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Because activation of mAChR and nAChR stimulates growth; tumor growth can be stimulated by both locally synthesized acetylcholine as well as acetylcholine from distal sources and from nicotine in the high percentage of lung cancer patients who are smokers. The stimulation of lung cancer growth by cholinergic agonists offers many potential new targets for lung cancer therapy. Cholinergic signaling can be targeted at the level of choline transport; acetylcholine synthesis, secretion and degradation; and nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. In addition, the newly describe family of ly-6 allosteric modulators of nicotinic signaling such as lynx1 and lynx2 offers yet another new approach to novel lung cancer therapeutics. Each of these targets has their potential advantages and disadvantages for the development of new lung cancer therapies which are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliot R Spindel
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Azuma YT, Samezawa N, Nishiyama K, Nakajima H, Takeuchi T. Differences in time to peak carbachol-induced contractions between circular and longitudinal smooth muscles of mouse ileum. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:63-72. [PMID: 26475617 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The muscular layer in the GI tract consists of an inner circular muscular layer and an outer longitudinal muscular layer. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the representative neurotransmitter that causes contractions in the gastrointestinal tracts of most animal species. There are many reports of muscarinic receptor-mediated contraction of longitudinal muscles, but few studies discuss circular muscles. The present study detailed the contractile response in the circular smooth muscles of the mouse ileum. We used small muscle strips (0.2 mm × 1 mm) and large muscle strips (4 × 4 mm) isolated from the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the mouse ileum to compare contraction responses in circular and longitudinal smooth muscles. The time to peak contractile responses to carbamylcholine (CCh) were later in the small muscle strips (0.2 × 1 mm) of circular muscle (5.7 min) than longitudinal muscles (0.4 min). The time to peak contractile responses to CCh in the large muscle strips (4 × 4 mm) were also later in the circular muscle (3.1 min) than the longitudinal muscle (1.4 min). Furthermore, a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist and gap junction inhibitor significantly delayed the time to peak contraction of the large muscle strips (4 × 4 mm) from the circular muscular layer. Our findings indicate that muscarinic M2 receptors in the circular muscular layer of mouse ileum exert a previously undocumented function in gut motility via the regulation of gap junctions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Durlu-Kandilci NT, Denizalti M, Sahin-Erdemli I. Aging changes agonist induced contractile responses in permeabilized rat bladder. Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:9807. [PMID: 26153091 PMCID: PMC4497501 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging alters bladder functions where a decrease in filling, storage and emptying is observed. These changes cause urinary incontinence, especially in women. The aim of this study is to examine how aging affects the intracellular calcium movements due to agonist-induced contractions in permeabilized female rat bladder. Urinary bladder isolated from young and old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Small detrusor strips were permeabilized with β-escin. The contractile responses induced with agonists were compared between young and old groups. Carbachol-induced contractions were decreased in permeabilized detrusor from old rats compared to young group. Heparin and ryanodine decreased carbachol-induced contractions in young rats where only heparin inhibited these contractions in olds. Caffeine-induced contractions but not inositol triphosphate (IP3)-induced contractions were decreased in old group compared to youngs. The cumulative calcium response curves (pCa 8-4) were also decreased in old rats. Carbachol-induced calcium sensitization responses did not alter by age where GTP-β-S and GF-109203X but not Y-27632 inhibited these responses. Carbachol-induced contractions decrease with aging in rat bladder detrusor. It can be postulated as IP3-induced calcium release (IICR) is primarily responsible for the contractions in older rats where the decrease in carbachol contractions in aging may be as a result of a decrease in calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), rather than carbachol-induced calcium sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Tugba Durlu-Kandilci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kurowski P, Gawlak M, Szulczyk P. Muscarinic receptor control of pyramidal neuron membrane potential in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 303:474-88. [PMID: 26186898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the cholinergic input to the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cholinergic endings release acetylcholine, which activates nicotinic and/or G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors activate transduction systems, which control cellular effectors that regulate the membrane potential in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons. The mechanisms responsible for the cholinergic-dependent depolarization of mPFC layer V pyramidal neurons in slices obtained from young rats were elucidated in this study. Glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission as well as tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na(+) and voltage-dependent Ca(++) currents were eliminated. Cholinergic receptor stimulation by carbamoylcholine chloride (CCh; 100 μM) evoked depolarization (10.0 ± 1.3 mV), which was blocked by M1/M4 (pirenzepine dihydrochloride, 2 μM) and M1 (VU 0255035, 5 μM) muscarinic receptor antagonists and was not affected by a nicotinic receptor antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride, 10 μM). CCh-dependent depolarization was attenuated by extra- (20 μM) or intracellular (50 μM) application of an inhibitor of the βγ-subunit-dependent transduction system (gallein). It was also inhibited by intracellular application of a βγ-subunit-binding peptide (GRK2i, 10μM). mPFC pyramidal neurons express Nav1.9 channels. CCh-dependent depolarization was abolished in the presence of antibodies against Nav1.9 channels in the intracellular solution and augmented by the presence of ProTx-I toxin (100 nM) in the extracellular solution. CCh-induced depolarization was not affected by the following reagents: intracellular transduction system blockers, including U-73122 (10 μM), chelerythrine chloride (5 μM), SQ 22536 (100 μM) and H-89 (2 μM); channel blockers, including Ba(++) ions (200 μM), apamin (100 nM), flufenamic acid (200 μM), 2-APB (200 μM), SKF 96365 (50 μM), and ZD 7288 (50 μM); and a Na(+)/Ca(++) exchanger blocker, benzamil (20 μM). We conclude that muscarinic M1 receptor-dependent depolarization in mPFC pyramidal neurons is evoked by the activation of Nav1.9 channels and that the signal transduction pathway involves G-protein βγ subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kurowski
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - M Gawlak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - P Szulczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gibon J, Buckley SM, Unsain N, Kaartinen V, Séguéla P, Barker PA. proBDNF and p75NTR Control Excitability and Persistent Firing of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2015; 35:9741-53. [PMID: 26134656 PMCID: PMC6605143 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4655-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent firing of entorhinal cortex (EC) pyramidal neurons is a key component of working and spatial memory. We report here that a pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF)-dependent p75NTR signaling pathway plays a major role in excitability and persistent activity of pyramidal neurons in layer V of the EC. Using electrophysiological recordings, we show that proBDNF suppresses persistent firing in entorhinal slices from wild-type mice but not from p75NTR-null mice. Conversely, function-blocking proBDNF antibodies enhance excitability of pyramidal neurons and facilitate their persistent firing, and acute exposure to function-blocking p75NTR antibodies results in enhanced firing activity of pyramidal neurons. Genetic deletion of p75NTR specifically in neurons or during adulthood also induces enhanced excitability and persistent activity, indicating that the proBDNF-p75NTR signaling cascade functions within adult neurons to inhibit pyramidal activity. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-sensitive transient receptor potential canonical channels play a critical role in mediating persistent firing in the EC and we hypothesized that proBDNF-dependent p75NTR activation regulates PIP2 levels. Accordingly, proBDNF decreases cholinergic calcium responses in cortical neurons and affects carbachol-induced depletion of PIP2. Further, we show that the modulation of persistent firing by proBDNF relies on a p75NTR-Rac1-PI4K pathway. The hypothesis that proBDNF and p75NTR maintain network homeostasis in the adult CNS was tested in vivo and we report that p75NTR-null mice show improvements in working memory but also display an increased propensity for severe seizures. We propose that the proBDNF-p75NTR axis controls pyramidal neuron excitability and persistent activity to balance EC performance with the risk of runaway activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Persistent firing of entorhinal cortex (EC) pyramidal neurons is required for working memory. We report here that pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) activates p75NTR to induce a Rac1-dependent and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent signaling cascade that suppresses persistent activity. Conversely, using loss-of-function approaches, we find that endogenous proBDNF or p75NTR activation strongly decreases pyramidal neuron excitability and persistent firing, suggesting that a physiological role of this proBDNF-p75NTR cascade may be to regulate working memory in vivo. Consistent with this, mice rendered null for p75NTR during adulthood show improvements in working memory but also display an increased propensity for severe seizures. We propose that by attenuating EC network performance, the proBDNF-p75NTR signaling cascade reduces the probability of epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gibon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4, and
| | - Shannon M Buckley
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4, and
| | - Nicolas Unsain
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4, and
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Philippe Séguéla
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4, and
| | - Philip A Barker
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4, and
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
MacDonald K, Kimber MJ, Day TA, Ribeiro P. A constitutively active G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor regulates motility of larval Schistosoma mansoni. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2015; 202:29-37. [PMID: 26365538 PMCID: PMC4607267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular system of helminths controls a variety of essential biological processes and therefore represents a good source of novel drug targets. The neuroactive substance, acetylcholine controls movement of Schistosoma mansoni but the mode of action is poorly understood. Here, we present first evidence of a functional G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor in S. mansoni, which we have named SmGAR. A bioinformatics analysis indicated that SmGAR belongs to a clade of invertebrate GAR-like receptors and is related to vertebrate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Functional expression studies in yeast showed that SmGAR is constitutively active but can be further activated by acetylcholine and, to a lesser extent, the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. Anti-cholinergic drugs, atropine and promethazine, were found to have inverse agonist activity towards SmGAR, causing a significant decrease in the receptor's basal activity. An RNAi phenotypic assay revealed that suppression of SmGAR activity in early-stage larval schistosomulae leads to a drastic reduction in larval motility. In sum, our results provide the first molecular evidence that cholinergic GAR-like receptors are present in schistosomes and are required for proper motor control in the larvae. The results further identify SmGAR as a possible candidate for antiparasitic drug targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin MacDonald
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Michael J Kimber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tim A Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Paula Ribeiro
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takeuchi K, Kita K, Takahashi K, Aihara E, Hayashi S. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 4 is essential for cholinergic stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion in mice - relationship to D cell/somatostatin. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66:391-401. [PMID: 26084221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of muscarinic (M) acetylcholine receptor subtype in the cholinergic stimulation of duodenal HCO3(-) secretion using knockout (KO) mice. Wild-type and M1-M5 KO C57BL/6J mice were used. The duodenal mucosa was mounted on an Ussing chamber, and HCO3(-) secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method in vitro. Carbachol (CCh) or other agents were added to the serosal side. CCh dose-dependently stimulated HCO3(-) secretion in wild-type mice, and this effect was completely inhibited in the presence of atropine. The HCO3(-) response to CCh in wild-type mice was also inhibited by pirenzepine (M1 antagonist), 4DAMP (M3 antagonist), and tropicamide (M4 antagonist), but not by methoctramine (M2 antagonist). CCh stimulated HCO3(-) secretion in M2 and M5 KO animals as effectively as in WT mice; however, this stimulatory effect was significantly attenuated in M1, M3, and M4 KO mice. The decrease observed in the CCh-stimulated HCO3(-) response in M4 KO mice was reversed by the co-application of CYN154806, a somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) antagonist. Octreotide (a somatostatin analogue) decreased the basal and CCh-stimulated secretion of HCO3(-) in wild-type mice. The co-localized expression of somatostatin and M4 receptors was confirmed immunohistologically in the duodenum. We concluded that the duodenal HCO3(-) response to CCh was directly mediated by M1/M3 receptors and indirectly modified by M4 receptors. The activation of M4 receptors was assumed to inhibit the release of somatostatin from D cells and potentiate the HCO3(-) response by removing the negative influence of somatostatin via the activation of SST2 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Takeuchi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan.
- General Incorporated Association, Kyoto Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karasuma-Oike, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Kita
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Aihara
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Hayashi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Oda Y, Fukunaga A, Tsujimoto M, Hatakeyama M, Washio K, Nishigori C. Combined cholinergic urticaria and cold-induced cholinergic urticaria with acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis. Allergol Int 2015; 64:214-5. [PMID: 25838106 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Oda
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Mariko Tsujimoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hatakeyama
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ken Washio
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wilkie IC, Fassini D, Cullorà E, Barbaglio A, Tricarico S, Sugni M, Del Giacco L, Candia Carnevali MD. Mechanical properties of the compass depressors of the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) and the effects of enzymes, neurotransmitters and synthetic tensilin-like protein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120339. [PMID: 25786033 PMCID: PMC4365025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The compass depressors (CDs) of the sea-urchin lantern are ligaments consisting mainly of discontinuous collagen fibrils associated with a small population of myocytes. They are mutable collagenous structures, which can change their mechanical properties rapidly and reversibly under nervous control. The aims of this investigation were to characterise the baseline (i.e. unmanipulated) static mechanical properties of the CDs of Paracentrotus lividus by means of creep tests and incremental force-extension tests, and to determine the effects on their mechanical behaviour of a range of agents. Under constant load the CDs exhibited a three-phase creep curve, the mean coefficient of viscosity being 561±365 MPa.s. The stress-strain curve showed toe, linear and yield regions; the mean strain at the toe-linear inflection was 0.86±0.61; the mean Young's modulus was 18.62±10.30 MPa; and the mean tensile strength was 8.14±5.73 MPa. Hyaluronidase from Streptomyces hyalurolyticus had no effect on creep behaviour, whilst chondroitinase ABC prolonged primary creep but had no effect on secondary creep or on any force-extension parameters; it thus appears that neither hyaluronic acid nor sulphated glycosaminoglycans have an interfibrillar load transfer function in the CD. Acetylcholine, the muscarinic agonists arecoline and methacholine, and the nicotinic agonists nicotine and 1-[1-(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperazine produced an abrupt increase in CD viscosity; the CDs were not differentially sensitive to muscarinic or nicotinic agonists. CDs showed either no, or no consistent, response to adrenaline, L-glutamic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine and γ-aminobutyric acid. Synthetic echinoid tensilin-like protein had a weak and inconsistent stiffening effect, indicating that, in contrast to holothurian tensilins, the echinoid molecule may not be involved in the regulation of collagenous tissue tensility. We compare in detail the mechanical behaviour of the CD with that of mammalian tendon and highlight its potential as a model system for investigating poorly understood aspects of the ontogeny and phylogeny of vertebrate collagenous tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain C. Wilkie
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Fassini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cullorà
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Barbaglio
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Tricarico
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu H, Testai FD, Valyi-Nagy T, N Pavuluri M, Zhai F, Nanegrungsunk D, Paisansathan C, Pelligrino DA. VAP-1 blockade prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated cerebrovascular dilating dysfunction via repression of a neutrophil recruitment-related mechanism. Brain Res 2015; 1603:141-9. [PMID: 25662771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous findings indicated that in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), suppression of post-SAH neuroinflammation via vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) blockade provides significant neuroprotection. We and others have reported that neuroinflammation contributes to cerebral microvascular impairment. Thus, in the present study, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) treatment with LJP-1586, a selective VAP-1 blocker, prevents SAH-associated pial arteriolar dilating dysfunction; and (2) the vasculoprotective effect of LJP-1586 arises from inhibiting SAH-elicited neutrophil recruitment. We utilized an endovascular perforation model of SAH. Rats subjected to SAH were either treated with LJP-1586 or rendered neutropenic via anti-neutrophil-antibody treatment. Findings from these groups were compared to their respective control groups. At 48 h post-SAH, rats were evaluated for neurobehavioral function, pial venular leukocyte trafficking, and pial arteriolar reactivity to topically-applied acetylcholine (ACh) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP). Pial arteriolar responses decreased at 48 h post-SAH. However, in the presence of LJP-1586, those responses were significantly preserved. Neutrophil-depletion yielded a substantial suppression of SAH-associated leukocyte adhesion and infiltration. This was accompanied by a significant preservation of pial arteriolar dilating function, suggesting a direct link between neutrophil recruitment and the loss of cerebral microvascular reactivity. Moreover, neutrophil depletion also was associated with significant protection of neurobehavioral function. The present findings suggest that attenuating SAH-linked elevation in neutrophil trafficking will protect against the development of microvascular dysfunction and subsequent neurological impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Xu
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tibor Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mani N Pavuluri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fengguo Zhai
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Danop Nanegrungsunk
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chanannait Paisansathan
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dale A Pelligrino
- Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gigout S, Wierschke S, Dehnicke C, Deisz RA. Different pharmacology of N-desmethylclozapine at human and rat M2 and M 4 mAChRs in neocortex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:487-96. [PMID: 25592256 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission plays a pivotal role in learning, memory and cognition, and disturbances of cholinergic transmission have been implicated in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. Pharmacological alleviation of these diseases by drugs including N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), promising in animal models, often fails in patients. We therefore compared the effects of NDMC on glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in slices from rat and human neocortex. We used carbachol (CCh; an established agonist at metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs)) as a reference. Standard electrophysiological methods including intracellular and field potential recordings were used. In the rat neocortex, NDMC prevented the CCh-induced decrease of GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated responses but not the CCh-induced increase of the paired-pulse depression. NDMC reduced neither the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) nor antagonized the CCh-induced depression of EPSP. In the human neocortex, however, NDMC failed to prevent CCh-induced decrease of the GABAB responses and directly reduced the amplitude of EPSP. These data suggest distinct effects of NDMC in rat and human at M2 and M4 mAChRs underlying presynaptic modulation of GABA and glutamate release, respectively. In particular, NDMC might be a M2 mAChR antagonist in the rat but has no activity at this receptor in human neocortex. However, NDMC has an agonistic effect at M4 mAChR in the human but no such effect in the rat neocortex. The present study confirms that pharmacology at mAChRs can differ between species and emphasizes the need of studies in human tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gigout
- Centre for Anatomy, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstrasse, 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In Type 1 and advanced Type 2 diabetes mellitus, elevation of plasma epinephrine plays a key role in normalizing plasma glucose during hypoglycaemia. However, recurrent hypoglycaemia blunts this elevation of plasma epinephrine. To determine whether recurrent hypoglycaemia affects peripheral components of the sympatho-adrenal system responsible for epinephrine release, male rats were administered subcutaneous insulin daily for 3 days. These recurrent hypoglycaemic animals showed a smaller elevation of plasma epinephrine than saline-injected controls when subjected to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Electrical stimulation of an adrenal branch of the splanchnic nerve in recurrent hypoglycaemic animals elicited less release of epinephrine and norepinephrine than in controls, without a change in adrenal catecholamine content. Responsiveness of isolated, perfused adrenal glands to acetylcholine and other acetylcholine receptor agonists was also unchanged. These results indicate that recurrent hypoglycaemia compromised the efficacy with which peripheral neuronal activity stimulates adrenal catecholamine release and demonstrate that peripheral components of the sympatho-adrenal system were directly affected by recurrent hypoglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branly O Orban
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA Actavis LLC, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa H Routh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA Department of Neurology & Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Barry E Levin
- Department of Neurology & Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua R Berlin
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, leading to deficient secretion from salivary and lacrimal glands. Saliva production is normally increased by cholinergic innervation, giving rise to intracellular calcium signaling and water transport through water channels (aquaporins, AQPs). The aim of this study was to investigate possible pathophysiological changes in cell volume regulation, AQP expression and localization, and intracellular calcium signaling in glandular cells from SS patients compared to controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 35 SS patients and 41 non-SS controls were included. Real time qPCR was combined with immunohistochemistry to analyze the mRNA expression and cellular distribution of AQP1, 3 and 5. Cell volume regulation and intracellular calcium signaling were examined in fresh acinar cells. RESULTS We show for the first time a reduced mRNA expression of AQP1 and 5 in SS compared to controls, accompanied by a decrease in staining intensity of AQP1, 3 and 5 in areas adjacent to local lymphocytic infiltration. Furthermore, we observed that the SS cells' capacity for volume regulation was abnormal. Similarly, the calcium response after parasympathetic agonist (carbachol) stimulation was markedly decreased in SS cells. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that mRNA expression of AQP1 and 5, protein distribution of AQP1, 3 and 5, glandular cell volume regulation and intracellular calcium signaling are all altered in SS, pointing to possible pathophysiological mechanisms in SS.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mednikova IS, Pasikova NV, Zakharova NM, Averina IV. [Glutamatergic excitation of cortical neurons depending on site of origin on the neuronal membrane and cholinergic regulation under hypothermic condition]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2014; 100:1008-1024. [PMID: 25697010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In sensorimotor cortical slices of guinea pig in the course of cooling of incubating fluid from 34 to 21-22 delta C it was shown that hypothermia does not influence on the evoked spike reactions to iontophoretic application of glutamate to the soma, but glutamate action on the dendritic locus causes the shot latency somatic spike response during hypothermic increasing of the rate of spontaneous activity and long latency spike response--during hypothermic fall of activity. While the cooling rate of spontaneous activity in the slow firing neurons was mainly increasing and in the high firing neurons (above 4 spikes per second)--decreasing. The changes in spontaneous activity began at 30 degrees C along with the decreased spike reactions to iontophoretic applications of acetylcholine and efficacy of dendro-somatic propagation. At the same temperature the fall of spike amplitude was initiated and increased with further hypothermia. It is proposed that the basis for hypothermic changes of neuronal activity.is the decreased rate of M-cholinergic process at 27-29 degrees C. Neurons of different physiological properties display different sensitivity to hypothermic factor.
Collapse
|