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Nakajima R, Ooba N, Kamei M, Hashiba H, Miyazaki C. Safety of mirogabalin and pregabalin in Japanese patients with neuropathic pain: a retrospective cohort study. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:841-848. [PMID: 36945742 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2193395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the safety risks between the gabapentinoids, pregabalin, and mirogabalin in post-marketing clinical settings. We assessed reported events associated with gabapentinoid use in patients with neuropathic pain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study between September 2020 and December 2020 using the community pharmacies records in Japan. The pharmacists identified new vs. prevalent users of mirogabalin and pregabalin in September 2020 and reported data regarding baseline and adverse events to the Japan Pharmaceutical Association using web-based questionnaires. The incidence of events and hazard ratio (HR) were consequently compared. RESULTS New users of mirogabalin and pregabalin were identified (n = 1,650 and 2,244; mean age (SD): 69 (15) and 68 (16) years; women: 59% and 56%, respectively). Although serious events were not reported, a marked difference in HRs of common adverse events, including somnolence (1.6), dizziness (1.3), nausea (2.8), edema (3.1), and acetaminophen (2.0)/antidepressant (2.4) addition, was observed. CONCLUSION No new serious safety concerns were found for mirogabalin and pregabalin use in patients with neuropathic pain, although the HR of some events indicated increased risk among mirogabalin users. However, further studies are needed as estimates for events occurring in small numbers with wide confidence intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nakajima
- Department of Pharmacy Practice in Primary Care, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ooba
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miwako Kamei
- Japan Pharmaceutical Association, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Macrì R, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. Ferula L. Plant Extracts and Dose-Dependent Activity of Natural Sesquiterpene Ferutinin: From Antioxidant Potential to Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235768. [PMID: 33297504 PMCID: PMC7731292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The employment studies of natural extracts in the prevention and treatment of several diseases highlighted the role of different species of genus Ferula L., belonging to the Apiaceae family, dicotyledonous plants present in many temperate zones of our planet. Ferula communis L. is the main source of sesquiterpene ferutinin, a bioactive compound studied both in vitro and in vivo, because of different effects, such as phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, but also antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, performed in a dose-dependent and cell-dependent way. The present review will focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the different activities of Ferutinin, starting from its antioxidant potential at low doses until its ionophoric property and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction induced through administration of high doses, which represent the key point of its anticancer action. Furthermore, we will summarize the data acquired from some experimental studies on different cell types and on several diseases. The results obtained showed an important antioxidant and phytoestrogenic regulation with lack of typical side effects related to estrogenic therapy. The preferential cell death induction for tumor cell lines suggests that ferutinin may have anti-neoplastic properties, and may be used as an antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent in an estrogen dependent and independent manner. Nevertheless, more data are needed to clearly understand the effect of ferutinin in animals before using it as a phytoestrogen or anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Griñán-Ferré C, Codony S, Pujol E, Yang J, Leiva R, Escolano C, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Companys-Alemany J, Corpas R, Sanfeliu C, Pérez B, Loza MI, Brea J, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Vázquez S, Pallàs M, Galdeano C. Pharmacological Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as a New Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1825-1835. [PMID: 32488482 PMCID: PMC7851240 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has demonstrated clinical therapeutic effects in several peripheral inflammatory-related diseases, with 3 compounds in clinical trials. However, the role of this enzyme in the neuroinflammation process has been largely neglected. Herein, we disclose the pharmacological validation of sEH as a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evaluation of cognitive impairment and pathological hallmarks were used in 2 models of age-related cognitive decline and AD using 3 structurally different and potent sEH inhibitors as chemical probes. sEH is upregulated in brains from AD patients. Our findings supported the beneficial effects of central sEH inhibition, regarding reducing cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation pathology, and the number of amyloid plaques. This study suggests that inhibition of inflammation in the brain by targeting sEH is a relevant therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de de l'Alimentació y Institut de Biomedicina, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Pujol
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de de l'Alimentació y Institut de Biomedicina, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de de l'Alimentació y Institut de Biomedicina, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Escolano
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de de l'Alimentació y Institut de Biomedicina, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Rosselló, 149, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en red Epidemiology and Public Health, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Rosselló, 149, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en red Epidemiology and Public Health, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Edificio CIMUS, Av. Barcelona, S/N, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Edificio CIMUS, Av. Barcelona, S/N, E-15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de de l'Alimentació y Institut de Biomedicina, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Galdeano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kato J, Matsui N, Kakehi Y, Murayama E, Ohwada S. Long-term safety and efficacy of mirogabalin in Asian patients with postherpetic neuralgia: Results from an open-label extension of a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21976. [PMID: 32899037 PMCID: PMC7478715 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a condition that results from nerve dysfunction following an episode of acute herpes zoster (shingles). Mirogabalin is a novel, selective oral α2δ ligand that demonstrated safety and efficacy in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 14-week study in Asian patients with PHN. This 52-week, open-label extension study investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of flexible-dosage mirogabalin in Asian patients with PHN. METHODS This open-label extension study enrolled patients who completed the placebo-controlled study. Patients started with a dose of 5 mg mirogabalin twice daily (BID), which was followed by a flexible dose of 10 or 15 mg BID. During the study, patients assessed their pain using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS Of 239 enrolled patients, 184 (77.0%) completed the study and 185 patients (77.4%) received the 15 mg BID dose most during the treatment duration. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild or moderate. The most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis, somnolence, dizziness, weight increased, and edema. All SF-MPQ scales decreased from baseline to week 52. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the safety and stable pain management of a long-term flexible dosing regimen of mirogabalin 10 or 15 mg twice daily for 52 weeks in patients with PHN. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTERED AT CLINICALTRIALS.GOV:: NCT02318719. SUMMARY FOR TABLE OF CONTENTS Mirogabalin-a novel α2δ oral ligand-was shown to be effective and well tolerated for treating postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in an Asian multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-week study. This open-label, 52-week study was conducted as an extension of the double-blind study to demonstrate long-term safety and efficacy of mirogabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitsu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Shoichi Ohwada
- Biostatistics and Data Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Nakanishi K, Ota C, Yomiya K. [Analgesic Effects of Mirogabalin for Cancer Pain]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2020; 47:927-931. [PMID: 32541170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mirogabalin is a novel drug for alleviating peripheral neuropathic pain, available since April 2019 in Japan. Since cancer pain was not included as an outcome in clinical trials for product approval, there have been no reports on its effectiveness or safety for treating cancer pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mirogabalin for patients with cancer pain. During the 5 months from April to August 2019, our palliative care team prescribed mirogabalin to 34 patients who had not achieved effective analgesia even after opioid titration. Effectiveness was defined as(1)reduction in persistent pain of 50% or more on the numeric rating scale(NRS); or(2)reduction in the frequency of rescue medicine of 50% or more for breakthrough pain. Based on this definition, the rate of effectiveness of mirogabalin was 88.2%. Two patients experienced mild side effects in the central nervous system. However, these effects did not result in discontinuation of the medication. The results of the study showed that mirogabalin can be used effectively and safely for cancer pain relief.
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Abstract
Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of mirogabalin versus no treatment or pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) from a third-party perspective in Taiwan.Methods: A Markov model, which was developed with 2-week cycles and 1-year time horizon from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Administration perspective, consisted of three health states: "mild," "moderate," and "severe" pain. Average daily pain score (ADPS) was assessed at the end of each cycle. Patients either remained in, or transitioned from, their assigned health state to a different state according to their pain score changes. All patients entered the model in "moderate" (4 ≤ ADPS <7) or "severe" (7 ≤ ADPS ≤ 10) pain health states. Efficacy data was informed by the pivotal Phase III trial, or by a network meta-analysis (NMA). Utility values were obtained from published literature and cost data from Taiwanese clinical experts and the Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration, using 2018 New Taiwan dollar (NT$). Probabilistic analysis was conducted to test the robustness of base case results.Results: Head-to-head analysis showed mirogabalin 30 mg to be cost-effective versus placebo in PHN. The deterministic analysis estimated a quality-adjusted life years gain of 0.041 at an ICER of NT$11,231 (US$365) versus no treatment (ICER: NT$274,567 [US$8,900]). In the NMAs, mirogabalin was cost-effective compared to pregabalin 150 mg (ICER: NT$515,881 [US$16,720]) and 300 mg (ICER: NT$201,671 [US$6,535]). Mirogabalin 30 mg dominated pregabalin 600 mg. Results from sensitivity and scenario analyses confirmed these results.Conclusion: Mirogabalin 30 mg, a potent and selective α2δ ligand, is a cost-effective treatment option for PHN in Taiwan, with ICERs below the willingness-to-pay threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Bridge, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yen-Feng Wang
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Baba M, Matsui N, Kuroha M, Wasaki Y, Ohwada S. Long-term safety and efficacy of mirogabalin in Asian patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:693-698. [PMID: 31722446 PMCID: PMC7232295 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) affects the functionality, mood and sleep patterns of patients with diabetes. Mirogabalin, an α2 δ ligand with a slower dissociation for α2 δ-1 versus α2 δ-2 subunits, showed efficacy and safety in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-week study in Asian patients with DPNP. This open-label extension study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of mirogabalin in Asian patients with DPNP. MATERIAL AND METHODS This 52-week open-label extension study was carried out in Japan, Korea and Taiwan in patients with DPNP. Patients received mirogabalin, initiated at 5 mg twice daily and increased to a flexible maintenance dosage of 10 or 15 mg twice daily. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. Patients provided a self-assessment of pain using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 214 patients who entered the study, 172 (80.4%) completed the extension study. Of 172 patients who completed the study, 149 received the highest dosage of mirogabalin (15 mg twice daily). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were nasopharyngitis, diabetic retinopathy, peripheral edema, somnolence, diarrhea, increased weight and dizziness. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation was 13.1%. The visual analog scale and all other Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire subscales (sensory score, affective score, total score and present pain intensity) generally decreased over time from baseline until week 52. CONCLUSIONS This extension study showed the safety and efficacy of a long-term flexible dosing regimen of mirogabalin 10 or 15 mg twice daily in patients with DPNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norimitsu Matsui
- Clinical Development DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Masanori Kuroha
- Clinical Development DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Wasaki
- Asia Development DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Shoichi Ohwada
- Biostatistics and Data Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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Merante D. The mirogabalin ALDAY phase 3 program in pain associated with fibromyalgia: the lessons learned. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:661-666. [PMID: 32027198 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1725744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The main aim of this work was to identify and to share the lessons learned from the negative outcome of the mirogabalin ALDAY phase 3 clinical program in pain associated with fibromyalgia. These lessons are important to improve planning and design of future phase 3 programs in fibromyalgia.Methods: A systematic review from Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies' websites, was carried out starting from the development of gabapentin, the first α2δ ligand studied for the treatment of neuropathic pain and ending with the mirogabalin program.Results: Based on the outcome of the main fibromyalgia programs, several differences in design, primary endpoint choice, magnitude of placebo response, presence of an active comparator, and size of the entire clinical program were identified. This analysis focused on the negative primary results of the mirogabalin ALDAY program and found several contributing factors. Above all, the magnitude of placebo response and the unprecedented size of the program were identified. The number of study visits and procedures was also high and highly demanding on all subjects involved in ALDAY.Outcome: In terms of main lessons learned from ALDAY, the first was the need for a comprehensive patient-focused strategy to preliminarily identify the challenges of fibromyalgia based on patient perspective and study complexity. Second, there was a need for a harmonized, truly patient-centric, global regulatory guidance accepted by regulatory agencies. Third, ALDAY proved that a phase 2 proof of concept, dose ranging study is necessary before commencing any phase 3 program in fibromyalgia.
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Murasawa H, Kobayashi H, Saeki K, Kitano Y. Anxiolytic effects of the novel α 2δ ligand mirogabalin in a rat model of chronic constriction injury, an experimental model of neuropathic pain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:189-197. [PMID: 31515584 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression are frequently observed in neuropathic pain patients, and negatively impact their quality of life. Mirogabalin is a novel ligand for the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels and has unique binding characteristics to α2δ subunits and potent and long-lasting analgesic effects in neuropathic pain models. OBJECTIVES To provide further information on the pharmacological profile of mirogabalin and its utility for chronic pain therapy, we investigated its anxiolytic effects in an experimental animal model for neuropathic pain. METHODS In chronic constriction injury (CCI) model rats, mechanical hypersensitivity was determined by the von Frey test. Anxiety- and depression-related behaviours were evaluated using the elevated plus maze test and forced swimming test, respectively. RESULTS CCI model rats showed sustained tactile allodynia followed by anxiety-related behaviours, not depression-related behaviours. The tactile allodynia (significant decreases in paw withdrawal threshold) developed within 2 weeks after model preparation, whereas the anxiety-related behaviours (significant decreases in the number of entries and time spent in open arms and significant increases in time spent in closed arms) were observed at 5 weeks but not 4 weeks after model preparation. Single oral administration of mirogabalin (3 or 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently alleviated the above-mentioned anxiety-related behaviours and tactile allodynia. CONCLUSIONS CCI model rats showed anxiety-related behaviours in a time-dependent manner in the elevated plus maze test. Mirogabalin alleviated both the anxiety-related behaviours and tactile allodynia in CCI model rats. Mirogabalin may provide effective anxiety relief as well as pain relief in patients with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Murasawa
- Hashima Laboratory, Nihon Bioresearch Inc., 6-104, Majima, Fukuju-cho, Hashima, Gifu, 501-6251, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Hashima Laboratory, Nihon Bioresearch Inc., 6-104, Majima, Fukuju-cho, Hashima, Gifu, 501-6251, Japan
| | - Kensuke Saeki
- Hashima Laboratory, Nihon Bioresearch Inc., 6-104, Majima, Fukuju-cho, Hashima, Gifu, 501-6251, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kitano
- Pain & Neuroscience Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan.
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Arnold LM, Whitaker S, Hsu C, Jacobs D, Merante D. Efficacy and safety of mirogabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia: results from three 13-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group studies and a 52-week open-label extension study. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:1825-1835. [PMID: 31284771 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1629757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of mirogabalin, an α2δ ligand, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods: In three 13-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 studies (studies A, B, and C), patients with FM (n = 1293, 1270, and 1301, respectively) were randomized (1:1:1:1) to placebo, pregabalin 150 mg twice daily, mirogabalin 15 mg once daily or mirogabalin 15 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the change in weekly average daily worst pain score (ADPS) at week 13. Key secondary endpoints included Patient Global Impression of Change and change in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score. Long-term safety of mirogabalin was assessed in a 52-week extension study. Results: Neither mirogabalin dose demonstrated a significant ADPS reduction from baseline vs. placebo at week 13 in any of the three studies. Pregabalin significantly reduced ADPS from baseline vs. placebo in studies B and C (p = .0008 and .0001, respectively). The effect of mirogabalin compared with placebo on key secondary endpoints was variable across the studies. Mirogabalin was well tolerated by most patients in the phase 3 studies; no unexpected adverse events occurring during the 52-week extension study. Conclusion: While both mirogabalin doses were well tolerated by most patients and showed potential for reducing pain associated with FM, the primary endpoint of significant pain reduction in patients on mirogabalin compared with placebo was not achieved in any of the three randomized controlled studies. Clinical trial registration: NCT02146430; NCT02187159; NCT02187471; and NCT02234583 (extension study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Arnold
- Women's Health Research Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | | | - Ching Hsu
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc. , Basking Ridge , NJ , USA
| | | | - Domenico Merante
- Global Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Development , Gerrards Cross , United Kingdom
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Baba M, Matsui N, Kuroha M, Wasaki Y, Ohwada S. Mirogabalin for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study in Asian patients. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1299-1306. [PMID: 30672128 PMCID: PMC6717827 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mirogabalin, a novel, potent, selective ligand of the α2 δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). MATERIALS AND METHODS During this double-blind, multisite, placebo-controlled phase III study, Asian patients aged ≥20 years with type 1 or 2 diabetes and DPNP were randomized 2:1:1:1 to a placebo, mirogabalin 15, 20 or 30 mg/day for up to 14 weeks, with a 1- to 2-week titration (NCT02318706). The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in average daily pain score (ADPS) at week 14, defined as a weekly average of daily pain (0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain, for the past 24 h). RESULTS Of 834 randomized patients, 330, 164, 165 and 165 received placebo, mirogabalin 15, 20 or 30 mg/day, respectively, and were included in analyses (modified intention-to-treat population, n = 824); 755 (90.5%) completed the study. At week 14, the least squares mean average daily pain score change from baseline was -1.31, -1.34, -1.47 and -1.81, respectively, showing statistical significance for mirogabalin 30 mg/day versus placebo (P = 0.0027). The treatment-emergent adverse events observed were mostly mild-to-moderate in all mirogabalin doses, and the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were nasopharyngitis, somnolence, dizziness, peripheral edema and weight increase. CONCLUSIONS Mirogabalin relieved DPNP in a dose-dependent manner; mirogabalin 30 mg/day showed statistically significant pain relief (vs placebo) in Asian DPNP patients. All doses of mirogabalin tested were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norimitsu Matsui
- Clinical Development DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Masanori Kuroha
- Clinical Development DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Wasaki
- Asia Development DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Shoichi Ohwada
- Biostatistics and Data Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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Brown K, Mendell J, Ohwada S, Hsu C, He L, Warren V, Dishy V, Zahir H. Tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of mirogabalin in healthy subjects: Results from phase 1 studies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00418. [PMID: 30151212 PMCID: PMC6106189 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three phase 1 pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) studies were conducted in healthy men and women to further characterize the safety, tolerability, and PK/PD of mirogabalin administration with or without food and to guide the dose selection and regimen for phase 2 and 3 clinical development. The 3 studies included 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending-dose studies, and 1 open-label, crossover study to evaluate the PK of mirogabalin administered under fasting and fed (high-fat meal) conditions. Forty-eight and 47 healthy volunteers completed the single- and multiple-dose studies, respectively. Thirty subjects were enrolled and completed the food effect study. Mirogabalin was well tolerated in the fed and fasted states. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)-dizziness and somnolence-were expected based on mirogabalin's mechanism of action. Subjects receiving the highest mirogabalin doses (50 and 75 mg single dose) showed greater dizziness and sedation and higher rates of TEAEs than subjects receiving 3-30 mg. After oral administration, mirogabalin was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum concentration, ∼1 hour) and eliminated through urine unchanged (61%-72% urinary excretion). Exposure increased in a dose-proportional manner after single or multiple mirogabalin doses. No significant accumulation occurred with multiple doses over 14 days. After single doses of mirogabalin (15 mg), the bioavailability was considered equivalent in the fed and fasted states, indicating that mirogabalin can be taken without food restrictions. Based on these data, mirogabalin 15 mg twice daily was selected as the highest target dose for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Brown
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
| | - Jeanne Mendell
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
| | | | - Ching Hsu
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
| | - Ling He
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
| | - Vance Warren
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
| | - Victor Dishy
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
| | - Hamim Zahir
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma DevelopmentBasking RidgeNew Jersey
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Li DJ, Liu J, Hua X, Fu H, Huang F, Fei YB, Lu WJ, Shen FM, Wang P. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit improves energy homeostasis and inhibits inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2018; 79:52-63. [PMID: 29129819 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide; yet, the pathogenesis of the disorder is not completely understood. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR) plays an indispensable role in the vagus nerve-regulated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the key role of α7nAChR in NAFLD development. Male wild-type (WT) and α7nAChR knockout (α7nAChR-/-) mice were fed a normal chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16weeks to induce NAFLD. RESULTS We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of α7nAChR in the liver tissue of NAFLD mice were significantly higher than those in mice fed normal chow. There were no differences in food intake, body weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and insulin sensitivity between WT and α7nAChR-/- mice under normal condition. When the WT and α7nAChR-/- mice were challenged with HFD, the body weight of α7nAChR-/- mice became higher than that of WT mice. The oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice were significantly lower than that in HFD-fed WT mice. The HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice also showed more aggravated hepatic lipid accumulation, steatosis and oxidative stress than HFD-fed WT mice. Macrophage infiltration; mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β; and liver fibrosis were significantly accelerated in HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice compared to that in HFD-fed WT mice. In addition, the bolus insulin injection-activated insulin signaling pathway, which was reflected by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor at Tyr1162/Tyr1163 site (p-IRTyr1162/Tyr1163), insulin receptor substrate-1 at Tyr612 site (p-IRS-1Tyr612) and Akt at Ser473 (p-AktSer473), was significantly compromised in liver tissues of HFD-fed α7nAChR-/- mice relative to HFD-fed WT mice. Finally, pharmacologically activation of α7nAChR in HFD-fed mice, with a selective agonist PNU-282987, remarkably ameliorated the hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate that activation of α7nAChR improves energy homeostasis and inhibits inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bo Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Hasan MK, Friedman TC, Sims C, Lee DL, Espinoza-Derout J, Ume A, Chalfant V, Lee ML, Sinha-Hikim I, Lutfy K, Liu Y, Mahata SK, Sinha-Hikim AP. α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Ameliorates Nicotine Plus High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Male Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stimulating AMPK Signaling. Endocrinology 2018; 159:931-944. [PMID: 29272360 PMCID: PMC5776480 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists confer protection against a wide variety of cytotoxic insults and suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis in various cell systems, including hepatocytes. We recently demonstrated that nicotine, when combined with a high-fat diet (HFD), triggers oxidative stress, activates hepatocyte apoptosis, and exacerbates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice. This study evaluates whether PNU-282987 (PNU), a specific α7nAChR agonist, is effective in preventing nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Adult C57BL6 male mice were fed a normal chow diet or HFD with 60% of calories derived from fat and received twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.75 mg/kg body weight (BW) of nicotine, PNU (0.26 mg/kg BW), PNU plus nicotine, or saline for 10 weeks. PNU treatment was effective in attenuating nicotine plus HFD-induced increase in hepatic triglyceride levels, hepatocyte apoptosis, and hepatic steatosis. The preventive effects of PNU on nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatic steatosis were mediated by suppression of oxidative stress and activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) together with inhibition of its downstream target sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-coenzyme A-carboxylase (ACC). We conclude that the α7nAChR agonist PNU protects against nicotine plus HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in obese mice. PNU appears to work at various steps of signaling pathways involving suppression of oxidative stress, activation of AMPK, and inhibition of SREBP1c, FAS, and ACC. α7nAChR agonists may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ameliorating fatty liver disease, especially in obese smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Carl Sims
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Desean L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Adaku Ume
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Victor Chalfant
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Martin L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Indrani Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093
- VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Kato M, Tajima N, Shimizu T, Sugihara M, Furihata K, Harada K, Ishizuka H. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Mirogabalin in Japanese Subjects With Varying Degrees of Renal Impairment. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:57-63. [PMID: 28834546 PMCID: PMC5763271 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mirogabalin (DS-5565) is a novel preferentially selective α2 δ-1 ligand being developed for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and postherpetic neuralgia. The current multicenter open-label study determined the effect of varying degrees of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of mirogabalin 5 mg in Japanese subjects. A total of 30 subjects (6 subjects per renal function category [normal, mild, moderate, or severe impairment; and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)]) were enrolled and completed the study. The AUClast increased with severity of renal impairment; the geometric least-squares mean ratios of AUClast compared with subjects with normal renal function were 1.3, 1.9, 3.6, and 5.3 for patients with mild, moderate, and severe impairment and ESRD, respectively. In accordance with this AUClast increase, apparent total body clearance (CL/F), renal clearance (CLr), and the cumulative percentage of mirogabalin dose excreted into urine all decreased with severity of renal impairment. There were no deaths and no severe treatment-related adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, or TEAEs resulting in study discontinuation. Mirogabalin was well tolerated in Japanese subjects with normal renal function and those with mild to severe renal impairment. It was also tolerated in subjects with ESRD but with a higher incidence of TEAEs. The most frequently reported TEAEs were dizziness (ESRD, n = 3), somnolence (ESRD, n = 2), and vomiting (ESRD, n = 2). Based on these data, a mirogabalin dose adjustment will be considered in Japanese subjects with moderate to severe renal impairment and those with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kato
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Naoyuki Tajima
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Takako Shimizu
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Masahiro Sugihara
- Biostatistics & Data Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Internal MedicineKasaoka Daiichi HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ishizuka
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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Du MH, Hu Q, Luo HM, Lin ZL, Ma L, Wang H, Hu S. [Effects of PNU282987 on organ function and survival in dogs with lethal burn shock]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2012; 24:651-654. [PMID: 23131281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of PNU282987, a α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (α7nAChR), on organ function and survival rate in dogs with lethal burn shock. METHODS Twelve adult male Beagle dogs were subjected to 50% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness flame injury, and then they were randomly divided into a burn group and a PNU282987 group (PNU group), each n=6. The dogs in PNU group received PNU282987 (0.38 mg/kg, venous pumping) and the dogs in burn group received equal amount of normal saline solution as the control group. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were continuously determined before and 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after burn. All the above measurements were performed with animals in conscious and cooperative state. At the end of 24-hours-period experiment, the survival rate was recorded. RESULTS The MAP significantly decreased after burn compared with the baseline data before-injury. The level of MAP in PNU group were significantly higher than those of the burn group from 4 hours after burn, and it returned to 83.6% of baseline level at 24 hours. In contrast, those in the burn group progressively decreased with time till death. The plasma levels of TNF-α in PNU group were significantly lower than those of burn group at each time points post injury. The ALT, Cr, BUN and CK-MB of the burn group increased persistently, while those of the PNU group increased at first and decreased subsequently except for ALT increased persistently, and they were all significantly lower than those of the burn group till to the time point of 12 hours (ALT:51.2±7.0 U/L vs. 104.8±7.4 U/L, Cr:42.7±5.4 μmol/L vs. 88.5±4.8 μmol/L, BUN:4.9±1.2 mmol/L vs. 14.7±1.4 mmol/L, CK-MB:564.0±39.1 U/L vs. 734.0±35.9 U/L, all P<0.05). At the end of 24-hours-period experiment, the survival rate of the PNU group was 50% (3/6) and significantly higher than that of the burn group 0(0/6). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that PNU282987 decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokine, improve the organ functions and increase 24-hour survival rate in dogs with lethal burn injury. And PNU282987 may have potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-hua Du
- Burn Institute, the First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez SL, Gómez-Cansino R, García-Zebadúa JC, Jiménez-Pérez NC, Reyes-Chilpa R. Antidepressant activity of Litsea glaucescens essential oil: identification of β-pinene and linalool as active principles. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 143:673-679. [PMID: 22867633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litsea glaucescens (Lauraceae) has been used in Mexican Traditional Medicine to relieve illness related to central nervous system, such as epilepsy, fright and sadness. In this study, L. glaucescens essential oil properties on central nervous system were evaluated in mice using different behavioral tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Identification of major compounds was also carried out by comparison with authentic samples. The psychopharmacological profile of L. glaucescens essential oil, and some its major compounds, were evaluated in mice using several experimental models: forced swimming test (FST: Antidepressant-like activity), open field test (OFT: Spontaneous locomotor activity), elevated plus-maze (EPM: Anxiolytic-like activity), exploratory cylinder (ECT: Sedative-like activity), rotarod (motor coordination) and traction performance (myo-relaxant effect) the essential oil and active principles was administered intraperitoneally. RESULTS The essential oil showed antidepressant-like activity at doses of 100 and 300 mg/Kg. The monoterpenes β-pinene and linalool were identified as the two main active principles of the essential oil, and showed antidepressant-like and sedative-like activity. Eucalyptol, limonene and α-pinene they did not show antidepressant-like activity, and were not further tested. CONCLUSIONS L. glaucescens essential oil showed antidepressant activity, β-pinene and linalool were identified as its active principles. These results support the use of L. glaucescens in Mexican Traditional Medicine for the treatment of sadness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán México D.F., Mexico
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Gould RW, Garg PK, Garg S, Nader MA. Effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists on cognition in rhesus monkeys with a chronic cocaine self-administration history. Neuropharmacology 2012; 64:479-88. [PMID: 22921923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use is associated with impaired cognitive function, which may negatively impact treatment outcomes. One pharmacological strategy to improve cognition involves nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation. However, the effects of chronic cocaine exposure on nAChR distribution and function have not been characterized. Thus, one goal of this study was to examine nAChR availability in rhesus monkeys with an extensive cocaine self-administration history (n = 4; ~6 years, mean intake, 1463 mg/kg) compared to age-matched cocaine-naive control monkeys (n = 5). Using [¹¹C]-nicotine and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, cocaine-experienced monkeys showed significantly higher receptor availability in the hippocampus compared to cocaine-naive monkeys. A second goal was to examine the effects of nAChR agonists on multiple domains of cognitive performance in these same monkeys. For these studies, working memory was assessed using a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task, associative learning and behavioral flexibility using stimulus discrimination and reversal learning tasks. When administered acutely, the nonselective high-efficacy agonist nicotine, the low-efficacy α4β2* subtype-selective agonist varenicline and the high-efficacy α7 subtype-selective agonist, PNU-282987 significantly improved DMS performance in both cocaine-naive and cocaine-experienced monkeys. Individual doses of nicotine and varenicline that engendered maximum cognitive enhancing effects on working memory did not affect discrimination or reversal learning, while PNU-282987 disrupted reversal learning in the cocaine-naive monkeys. These findings indicate that a cocaine self-administration history influenced nAChR distribution and the effects of nAChR agonists on cognitive performance, including a reduced sensitivity to the disrupting effects on reversal learning. The cognitive enhancing effects of nAChR agonists may be beneficial in combination with behavioral treatments for cocaine addiction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Duris K, Manaenko A, Suzuki H, Rolland WB, Krafft PR, Zhang JH. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 attenuates early brain injury in a perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Stroke 2011; 42:3530-6. [PMID: 21960575 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.619965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early brain injury is an important pathological process after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist PNU-282987 attenuates early brain injury after SAH and whether α7nAChR stimulation is associated with down-regulation of caspase activity via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling. METHODS The perforation model of SAH was performed, and neurological score, body weight loss, and brain water content were evaluated 24 and 72 hours after surgery. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used for quantification and localization of phosphorylated Akt and cleaved caspase 3. Neuronal cell death was quantified with TUNEL staining. α7nAChR antagonist methylcaconitine and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin were used to manipulate the proposed pathway, and results were quantified with Western blot. RESULTS PNU-282987 improved neurological deficits both 24 and 72 hours after surgery and reduced brain water content in left hemispheres 24 hours after surgery. PNU-282987 significantly increased phosphorylated Akt levels and significantly decreased cleaved caspase 3 levels in ipsilateral hemispheres after SAH. Methylcaconitine and wortmannin reversed effects of treatment. Phosphorylated Akt and cleaved caspase 3 were colocalized to neurons in the ipsilateral basal cortex. Phosphorylated Akt was mainly localized in TUNEL-negative cells. PNU-282987 significantly reduced neuronal cell death in the ipsilateral basal cortex. CONCLUSIONS α7nAChR stimulation decreased neuronal cell death and brain edema and improved neurological status in a rat perforation model of SAH. α7nAChR stimulation is associated with increasing phosphorylation of Akt and decreasing cleaved caspase 3 levels in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Duris
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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20
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Takayama C, de-Faria FM, de Almeida ACA, Valim-Araújo DDAEO, Rehen CS, Dunder RJ, Socca EAR, Manzo LP, Rozza AL, Salvador MJ, Pellizzon CH, Hiruma-Lima CA, Luiz-Ferreira A, Souza-Brito ARM. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of essential oil from Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:147-155. [PMID: 21396435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) is being used in traditional medicine to treat fever, inflammation and gastric disturbances. Hyptis spicigera Lam. is a native plant distributed across the central region of Brazil. The essential oil extracted from this plant is used in folk medicine as antipyretic. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Hyptis spicigera (OEH) were evaluated for their gastroprotective and healing activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS OEH chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The gastroprotective action of the OEH was evaluated in rodent experimental models (ethanol and NSAID). To elucidate mechanisms of action, the antisecretory action and involvements of NO, SH, mucus and PGE2 were evaluated. The acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model and Western Blot assay (COX-2 and EGF) were also used to evaluate the OEH healing capacity. RESULTS GC-MS analysis of OEH indicated three monoterpenes as major compounds: alpha-pinene (50.8%), cineole (20.3%) and beta-pinene (18.3%) and, at the dose of 100 mg/Kg, p.o., OEH provided effective gastroprotection against lesions induced by absolute ethanol (97%) and NSAID (84%) in rats. OEH do not interfere with H+ secretion in gastric mucosa and its gastric protection does not depend on nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl compounds (SH). The gastroprotective action of OEH occurs due to an increase in the gastric mucus production (28%) induced by PGE2 levels. Furthermore, OEH demonstrated a great healing capacity with 87% of reduction in ulcerative lesion area. It accelerated the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric lesions due to an increase in COX-2 (75%) and EGF (115%) expression in gastric mucosa. No sign of toxicity was observed in this study, considering the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS All these results suggest the efficacy and safety of Hyptis spicigera in combating and healing gastric ulcer. Considering the results, it is suggested that the OEH could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new phytotherapeutic medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Takayama
- Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biology Institute, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Ebner FH, Mariotto S, Darra E, Suzuki H, Cavalieri E. Use of STAT1 inhibitors in the treatment of brain I/R injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2011; 11:2-7. [PMID: 20812906 DOI: 10.2174/187152411794961077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the etiology of brain injury associated to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and neurodegenerative diseases, a critical involvement of excessive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and successive induction of iNOS expression has widely been evidenced. Any compound capable to down-regulate STAT1 activation seems to represent a new, promising anti-inflammatory drug. Among plant compounds, only a few have shown to possess anti-STAT1 activity. Among them, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol present in green tea leaves, efficiently protects heart from I/R injury and this action is strictly correlated to its anti-STAT1 property. Hyperforin, the non-polyphenolic compound present in St. John's wort, attenuates β-cell death induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by strongly down-regulating STAT1 activation. STAT1, therefore, seems to represent a new molecular target of the protective treatment also against brain injury associated to a number of brain pathologies. Either understanding the molecular mechanism of anti-STAT1 action of these compounds or identification of other anti-STAT1 compounds are urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Ebner
- Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
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Abstract
CONTEXT Senecio rufinervis D.C (Asteraceae) is a tall aromatic herb, commonly found in Uttarakhand, India. No investigations on the biological activity of this plant have been published so far. Hence, this plant species became a subject of our scientific interest. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition and analgesic activity of Senecio rufinervis essential oil in mice using both thermal and chemical models of pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Essential oil from dried leaves of Senecio rufinervis was extracted by steam distillation and then subjected to GC-MS analysis. Varying doses of essential oil were given to mice, 30 min prior to the induction of abdominal constrictions and determination of mean reaction time in hot-plate maintained at 55° ± 0.5°C. RESULTS The main component detected in the essential oil of Senecio rufinervis was germacrene D (40.19%) followed by β-pinene (12.23%), β-caryophyllene (6.21%) and β-longipinene (4.15%). Essential oil exhibited significant and dose-dependent analgesic activity against acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The percentage inhibition in number of writhes produced by 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg doses was, respectively, 69, 80 and 85%. The oil, at doses 50 and 75 mg/kg, significantly increased the mean latency in the hot-plate after 15 and 30 min of drug administration as compared to the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results depicted both central and peripheral analgesic activity of S. rufinervis essential oil which was attributed to the presence of terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Mishra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Birla Institute of Applied Sciences, Bhimtal, Nainital.
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Dunayevich E, Erickson J, Levine L, Landbloom R, Schoepp DD, Tollefson GD. Efficacy and tolerability of an mGlu2/3 agonist in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:1603-10. [PMID: 17712352 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
LY354740, a potent and selective mGlu (metabotropic glutamate receptor)2/3 agonist, has shown efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). LY544344 is a LY354740 prodrug that increases LY354740 bioavailability. This 8-week study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of LY544344 in the treatment of GAD. Participants had a diagnoses of GAD, baseline Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale scores > or = 10, and moderate illness severity. Patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with LY544344 16 mg b.i.d. (n = 28), LY544344 8 mg b.i.d. (n = 36), or placebo (n = 44). LY544344 16 mg b.i.d.-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement from baseline in Hamilton Anxiety and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores, as well as response and remission rates compared with placebo-treated patients. LY544344 was well tolerated and there were no significant differences in the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events among the three treatment groups. However, the trial was discontinued early based on findings of convulsions in preclinical studies. In conclusion, the findings of this study support the potential efficacy of mGlu2/3 receptor agonist agents in the treatment of GAD. Additional studies will be needed to further assess the toxicological and clinical profile of LY354740/LY544344.
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Butterweck V, Schmidt M. St. John's wort: role of active compounds for its mechanism of action and efficacy. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:356-61. [PMID: 17704987 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L., SJW) contains numerous compounds with documented biological activity. Constituents that have stimulated the most interest include the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, a broad range of flavonoids, and the phloroglucinols hyperforin and adhyperforin. According to the actual state of scientific knowledge the total extract has to be considered as the active substance. Although there are some open questions, the bulk of data suggests that several groups of active compounds are contributing to the antidepressant efficacy of the plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butterweck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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25
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Liapi C, Anifandis G, Anifantis G, Chinou I, Kourounakis AP, Theodosopoulos S, Galanopoulou P. Antinociceptive properties of 1,8-Cineole and beta-pinene, from the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves, in rodents. Planta Med 2007; 73:1247-54. [PMID: 17893834 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
1,8-cineole (cineole) and beta-pinene, two monoterpenes isolated from the essential oil obtained from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn leaves were tested for antinociceptive properties. Tail-flick and hot-plate methods, reflecting the spinal and supraspinal levels, respectively, were used in mice and/or rats using morphine and naloxone for comparison. Cineole exhibited an antinociceptive activity comparable to that of morphine, in both algesic stimuli. A significant synergism between cineole and morphine was observed, but naloxone failed to antagonize the effect of cineole. Beta-pinene exerted supraspinal antinociceptive actions in rats only and it reversed the antinociceptive effect of morphine in a degree equivalent to naloxone, probably acting as a partial agonist through the mu opioid receptors. From structure-activity relationships of the pairs morphine+cineole and naloxone+beta-pinene, it was shown that similarities exist in the stereochemistry and in the respective atomic charges of these molecules. Further studies are in progress in order to elucidate the mechanism of action of the two terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Liapi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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26
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Kraft K. [New developments in hypericum extracts: data on efficacy and interactions]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:284-7. [PMID: 17704973 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent clinical studies on hypericum extract support the present indications for its use in mild to moderate depression and depressive episodes. The effectiveness is superior to placebo and comparable with synthetic antidepressive drugs. The rate of unwanted events is explicitly lower and their severity in general only mild. A further indication for hypericum could be somatoform disorders, but further clinical studies are recommended. The main compound responsible for interactions is presumably hyperforin, but further ingredients could contribute according to the specific composition of the particular extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kraft
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Lehrstuhl für Naturheilkunde, Rostock, Germany.
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Dell'Aica I, Caniato R, Biggin S, Garbisa S. Matrix proteases, green tea, and St. John's wort: Biomedical research catches up with folk medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 381:69-77. [PMID: 17382921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some proteases involved in extracellular matrix degradation are instrumental not only in overcoming tissue barriers to allow normal extravasation of hematic cells, but also in facilitating pathological processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor invasion. The possibility of blocking these enzymes has led to the development of synthetic inhibitors, though clinical trials have been disappointing owing to considerable side effects. However, long before enzymes were first isolated, these same pathologies were being treated in plant-based folk remedies, and today science is screening them for their reputed beneficial effects. STATE OF THE ART We present studies of 2 vegetable components as protease inhibitors. The first, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate - from green tea, has proved a good weapon for inhibiting gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, but an even better inhibitor of leukocyte elastase (LE) activity; in vivo it blocks inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor invasion. The second, hyperforin - from Hypericum sp, inhibits LE-triggered activation of MMP-9, PMN chemotaxis and chemoinvasion, PMN-triggered angiogenesis, and inflammation-triggered pulmonary fibrosis; it also represses tumor-cell expression of MMP-2, thereby restraining invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION Modern research clearly vindicates epidemiological and historical evidence of the beneficial effects of two long-used allies from the plant kingdom, going a step beyond by shedding light on mechanistic keys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dell'Aica
- Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of Padova, Italy
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28
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Vacek J, Klejdus B, Kubán V. [Hypericin and hyperforin: bioactive components of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum). Their isolation, analysis and study of physiological effect]. Ceska Slov Farm 2007; 56:62-6. [PMID: 17619301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is commonly accepted as a medicinal plant. The data on the physiological activities of the individual substances that are produced in different organs of H. perforatum are well known at present. The highest attention is focused on the characterization and phytochemical properties of hypericin and hyperforin. These organic compounds are used as antidepressant, anticarcinogenic (photodynamic), antimicrobial and virostatic agents. The review paper surveys the present knowledge of chemical and analytical methods for their identification and quantification, physiological activity, and pharmacological and biomedical applications of hypericin and hyperforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vacek
- Akademie ved Ceské republiky, Biofyzikální ústav, Brno
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29
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Pinkner JS, Remaut H, Buelens F, Miller E, Åberg V, Pemberton N, Hedenström M, Larsson A, Seed P, Waksman G, Hultgren SJ, Almqvist F. Rationally designed small compounds inhibit pilus biogenesis in uropathogenic bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:17897-902. [PMID: 17098869 PMCID: PMC1693844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606795103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemical synthesis platform with broad applications and flexibility was rationally designed to inhibit biogenesis of adhesive pili assembled by the chaperone-usher pathway in Gram-negative pathogens. The activity of a family of bicyclic 2-pyridones, termed pilicides, was evaluated in two different pilus biogenesis systems in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Hemagglutination mediated by either type 1 or P pili, adherence to bladder cells, and biofilm formation mediated by type 1 pili were all reduced by approximately 90% in laboratory and clinical E. coli strains. The structure of the pilicide bound to the P pilus chaperone PapD revealed that the pilicide bound to the surface of the chaperone known to interact with the usher, the outer-membrane assembly platform where pili are assembled. Point mutations in the pilicide-binding site dramatically reduced pilus formation but did not block the ability of PapD to bind subunits and mediate their folding. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirmed that the pilicide interfered with the binding of chaperone-subunit complexes to the usher. These pilicides thus target key virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria and represent a promising proof of concept for developing drugs that function by targeting virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome S. Pinkner
- *Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Han Remaut
- Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London/Birkbeck, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Floris Buelens
- Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London/Birkbeck, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Miller
- *Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Veronica Åberg
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Nils Pemberton
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Mattias Hedenström
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Andreas Larsson
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Patrick Seed
- *Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London/Birkbeck, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , or
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- *Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , or
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , or
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30
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Dinamarca MC, Cerpa W, Garrido J, Hancke JL, Inestrosa NC. Hyperforin prevents beta-amyloid neurotoxicity and spatial memory impairments by disaggregation of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta-deposits. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:1032-48. [PMID: 16880827 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The major protein constituent of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta). In the present work, we have determined the effect of hyperforin an acylphloroglucinol compound isolated from Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort), on Abeta-induced spatial memory impairments and on Abeta neurotoxicity. We report here that hyperforin: (1) decreases amyloid deposit formation in rats injected with amyloid fibrils in the hippocampus; (2) decreases the neuropathological changes and behavioral impairments in a rat model of amyloidosis; (3) prevents Abeta-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons both from amyloid fibrils and Abeta oligomers, avoiding the increase in reactive oxidative species associated with amyloid toxicity. Both effects could be explained by the capacity of hyperforin to disaggregate amyloid deposits in a dose and time-dependent manner and to decrease Abeta aggregation and amyloid formation. Altogether these evidences suggest that hyperforin may be useful to decrease amyloid burden and toxicity in AD patients, and may be a putative therapeutic agent to fight the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dinamarca
- Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología Joaquín V Luco, MIFAB, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Zavatti M, Montanari C, Zanoli P. Role of ferutinin in the impairment of female sexual function induced by Ferula hermonis. Physiol Behav 2006; 89:656-61. [PMID: 16970966 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of single components of Ferula hermonis extract on female rat sexual behaviour. Ovariectomized rats hormonally primed with estradiol benzoate (1.5 or 10 microg/rat s.c.) and progesterone (500 microg/rat s.c.) were acutely treated by oral gavage with ferutinin, teferin and teferdin (2.5 mg/kg). Thereafter they were tested for: a) partner preference, b) receptivity, c) proceptivity, d) paced mating behaviour. In the partner preference test, the choice of the female for a sexually active male was not influenced by the different treatments. Similarly, during the paced mating test, the contact-return latencies as well as the percentage of exits from the male compartment were not different in control and treated rats. Therefore none of the three compounds showed the capacity to alter sexual motivation. On the other hand, ferutinin, but not teferin and teferdin, significantly inhibited female receptivity. These results suggest a primary role of ferutinin in the impairment of sexual behaviour elicited by F. hermonis extract in hormone primed-female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National InterUniversity Consortium for the Study of Natural Active Principles (CINSPAN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Han JS, Fu Y, Bird GC, Neugebauer V. Enhanced group II mGluR-mediated inhibition of pain-related synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. Mol Pain 2006; 2:18. [PMID: 16681859 PMCID: PMC1471776 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The latero-capsular part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) is the target of the spino-parabrachio-amygdaloid pain pathway. Our previous studies showed that CeLC neurons develop synaptic plasticity and increased neuronal excitability in the kaolin/carrageenan model of arthritic pain. These pain-related changes involve presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and postsynaptic NMDA and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP1) receptors. Here we address the role of group II mGluRs. Results Whole-cell current- and voltage-clamp recordings were made from CeLC neurons in brain slices from control rats and arthritic rats (>6 h postinjection of kaolin/carrageenan into the knee). Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by electrical stimulation of afferents from the pontine parabrachial (PB) area. A selective group II mGluR agonist (LY354740) decreased the amplitude of EPSCs more potently in CeLC neurons from arthritic rats (IC50 = 0.59 nM) than in control animals (IC50 = 15.0 nM). The inhibitory effect of LY354740 was reversed by a group II mGluR antagonist (EGLU) but not a GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline). LY354740 decreased frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature EPSCs in the presence of TTX. No significant changes of neuronal excitability measures (membrane slope conductance and action potential firing rate) were detected. Conclusion Our data suggest that group II mGluRs act presynaptically to modulate synaptic plasticity in the amygdala in a model of arthritic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong S Han
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1069, USA
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1069, USA
| | - Gary C Bird
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1069, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1069, USA
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Guo L, Salt TE, Maass A, Luong V, Moss SE, Fitzke FW, Cordeiro MF. Assessment of neuroprotective effects of glutamate modulation on glaucoma-related retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:626-33. [PMID: 16431960 PMCID: PMC2601027 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the neuroprotective effects of different glutamate modulation strategies, with a nonselective (MK801) and a selective (ifenprodil) NMDA receptor antagonist and a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (mGluR Group II, LY354740), in glaucoma-related in vivo rat models of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis. METHODS RGC apoptosis was induced in Dark Agouti (DA) rats by staurosporine (SSP) treatment. Single agents MK801, ifenprodil, or LY354740, or MK801 and LY354740 combined, were administrated intravitreally at different doses. Eyes were imaged in vivo using a recently established technique and the results confirmed histologically. The most effective combined therapy regimen of MK801 and LY354740 was then assessed in a chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) rat model with application at 0, 1, and 2 weeks after OHT surgery and the effects assessed as described before. RESULTS All strategies of glutamate modulation reduced SSP-induced-RGC apoptosis compared with the control, in a dose-dependent manner: MK801 (R2= 0.8863), ifenprodil (R2= 0.4587), and LY354740 (R2= 0.9094), with EC50s of 0.074, 0.0138, and 19 nanomoles, respectively. The most effective combination dose of MK801 and LY354740 was 0.06 and 20 nanomoles (P < 0.05), respectively, and the optimal timing of the therapy was 0 weeks after OHT surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This novel SSP model was validated as a useful tool for screening neuroprotective strategies in vivo. Group II mGluR modulation may be a useful treatment for RGC death. Combination therapy optimized to limit neurotoxic effects of MK801 may be an effective neuroprotective approach in retinal degenerative disease. Furthermore, treatments that minimize secondary RGC degeneration may be most useful in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Glaucoma and Optic Nerve Head Research Group, Department of Pathology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Salt
- Department of Visual Science, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annelie Maass
- Glaucoma and Optic Nerve Head Research Group, Department of Pathology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vy Luong
- Department of Visual Science, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E. Moss
- Department of Cell Biology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fred W. Fitzke
- Department of Visual Science, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma and Optic Nerve Head Research Group, Department of Pathology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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Klier CM, Schmid-Siegel B, Schäfer MR, Lenz G, Saria A, Lee A, Zernig G. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and breastfeeding: plasma and breast milk concentrations of hyperforin for 5 mothers and 2 infants. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:305-9. [PMID: 16566628 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal preparations for depression, such as St. John's wort, are often preferred over pharmaceutical preparations by mothers and midwives after childbirth because these preparations are available to patients as over-the-counter "natural" treatments and are popularly assumed to be safe. The only existing report on St. John's wort excretion into human milk showed that only 1 active component (hyperforin) was detectable in breast milk, but was not detectable in the infants' plasma. Another report found more cases of minor problems in infants breast-fed by women taking St. John's wort. However, significance was reached only in comparison with disease-matched women (p<.01), not healthy controls (p=.20). METHOD Five mothers who were taking 300 mg of St. John's wort 3 times daily (LI 160 [Jarsin], Lichtwer Pharma GmbH; Berlin, Germany) and their breastfed infants were assessed. Thirty-six breast milk samples (foremilk and hindmilk collected during an 18-hour period) and 5 mothers' and 2 infants' plasma samples were analyzed for hyperforin levels by tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS; limit of quantification=0.1 ng/mL). Data were gathered from January 2001 to February 2002. RESULTS Hyperforin is excreted into breast milk at low levels. However, the compound was at the limit of quantification in the 2 infants' plasma samples (0.1 ng/mL). Milk/plasma ratios ranged from 0.04 to 0.13. The relative infant doses of 0.9% to 2.5% indicate that infant exposure to hyperforin through milk is comparable to levels reported in most studies assessing anti-depressants or neuroleptics. No side effects were seen in the mothers or infants. CONCLUSION These results add to the evidence of the relative safety of St. John's wort while breast-feeding found in previous observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Klier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Makarewicz D, Gadamski R, Ziembowicz A, Kozikowski AP, Wroblewski JT, Lazarewicz JW. Neuroprotective effects of the agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors ABHxD-I in two animal models of cerebral ischaemia. Resuscitation 2006; 68:119-26. [PMID: 16325990 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective efficacy of 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I (ABHxD-I), a rigid agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors, was studied using a 3-min global cerebral ischaemia model in Mongolian gerbils and the hypoxia/ischaemia model in 7-day-old rats. The effects on brain damage of ABHxD-I (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally or 7.5 microg intracerebroventricularly) administered 30 min before global ischaemia or 30 min after hypoxia/ischaemia was evaluated 14 days after the insults. Treatment of adult gerbils with ABHxD-I injected i.c.v. but not systemically, prevented post-ischaemic hyperthermia and substantially reduced brain damage. These effects may reflect low permeability of the adult blood-brain barrier to ABHxD-I, and the role of reduced body and brain temperature in neuroprotection after its i.c.v. administration. ABHxD-I given either i.p. or i.c.v. to developing rats reduced brain damage by 55 and 37%, respectively, without affecting the body temperature. Due to immaturity and increased post-ischaemic permeability of the blood-brain barrier in developing rats, ABHxD-I may induce neuroprotection by direct interference with brain metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Makarewicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Lawvere S, Mahoney MC. St. John's wort. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72:2249-54. [PMID: 16342849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
St. John's wort has been used to treat a variety of conditions. Several brands are standardized for content of hypericin and hyperforin, which are among the most researched active components of St. John's wort. St. John's wort has been found to be superior to placebo and equivalent to standard antidepressants for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Studies of St. John's wort for the treatment of major depression have had conflicting results. St. John's wort is generally well tolerated, although it may potentially reduce the effectiveness of several pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lawvere
- Department of Clinical Prevention, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Abstract
Preclinical studies with metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) type 2 receptor agonists have shown promising results in the treatment of anxiety. The mGlu receptor agonist LY354740 has shown anxiolytic properties in animal models of anxiety. We present the results obtained with LY354740, in a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study with paroxetine as an active comperator in outpatients with panic disorder. This study was part of a multicentre phase II efficacy study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive LY354740 (100 or 200 mg), paroxetine (60 mg) or placebo for 9 weeks. The primary outcome parameter was the percentage of patients having no panic attacks during the final 3 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcome measures were the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and the clinical global impression (CGI). Patients treated on paroxetine improved on the PDSS and CGI but, due to small sample size, these effects just failed to reach statistical significance. LY354740 was well tolerated (with gastrointestinal complaints as the most common side-effects) but failed to show treatment effects that were different from placebo. Because preclinical data collectively indicate anxiolytic properties of mGlu type 2 receptor agonists, clinical studies with other agents are warranted.
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Danysz W. LY-544344. Eli Lilly. IDrugs 2005; 8:755-62. [PMID: 16118698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Eli Lilly and Co is developing LY-544344, a prodrug of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 agonist LY-354740, for the potential treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danysz
- Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Department of Behavioural Pharmacology, Eckenheimer Landstrasse 100, Frankfurt am Main, D-30618, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheir Abbas
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biochemistry, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Niho N, Mutoh M, Kitamura T, Takahashi M, Sato H, Yamamoto H, Maruyama T, Ohuchida S, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Suppression of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer development in rats by a prostaglandin E receptor EP1-selective antagonist. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:260-4. [PMID: 15904466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) is involved in colon carcinogenesis through its binding to the PGE(2) receptor subtypes EP(1), EP(2), EP(3) and EP(4). We have demonstrated that administration of ONO-8711, an EP(1)-selective antagonist, suppresses development of AOM-induced ACF in C57BL/6 mice and F344 rats. ONO-8711 also reduced the numbers of intestinal polyps in Min mice. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effects of ONO-8711 on colon cancer development in rats treated with AOM. Male F344 rats were injected subcutaneously with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once a week for the first 2 weeks to develop colon cancer. Administration of 400 or 800 p.p.m. ONO-8711 in their diets for 32 weeks reduced the incidence, multiplicity and volume of colon carcinomas. The incidence of colon adenocarcinomas in AOM-treated rats was 97, 83 and 76% (P < 0.05) in the 0, 400 and 800 p.p.m. of ONO-8711 groups, respectively. The multiplicity of adenocarcinomas was also decreased significantly, being 3.31 +/- 0.33, 2.34 +/- 0.27 (P < 0.05) and 2.06 +/- 0.34 (P < 0.01) with 0, 400 and 800 p.p.m. of ONO-8711, respectively. Moreover, treatment with 800 p.p.m. ONO-8711 reduced the mean volume of adenocarcinomas to 49% (P < 0.05) of the value for the AOM treatment alone. Furthermore, the BrdU labeling index was decreased significantly in colon cancer cells by 800 p.p.m. ONO-8711. These results confirm that EP(1) is involved in colon carcinogenesis and that EP(1)-selective antagonists might be promising candidates for colon cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Niho
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Cervo L, Mennini T, Rozio M, Ekalle-Soppo CB, Canetta A, Burbassi S, Guiso G, Pirona L, Riva A, Morazzoni P, Caccia S, Gobbi M. Potential antidepressant properties of IDN 5491 (hyperforin-trimethoxybenzoate), a semisynthetic ester of hyperforin. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005; 15:211-8. [PMID: 15695067 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2004] [Accepted: 07/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperforin is one of the possible active principles mediating the antidepressant activity of Hypericum perforatum L. extracts. The ester derivative IDN 5491 (hyperforin-trimethoxybenzoate) showed antidepressant-like properties in the forced swimming test (FST) in rats, with no effect on open-field activity, when given as three intraperitoneal injections in 24 h at 3.125 and 6.25 mg/kg. The plasma concentrations of IDN 5491 were 30-50 microM, and those of hyperforin much lower but still close to those after effective doses of hyperforin-dicyclohexylammonium and Hypericum extract. This suggests that hyperforin plays a role in the antidepressant-like effect of the ester and of Hypericum extract. In vitro binding and uptake data showed that IDN 5491 is inactive on a wide panel of CNS targets at a concentration (14 microM) much higher than that measured in the brain of treated rats (0.3 microM). Like the extract, the antidepressant-like effect of IDN 5491 was blocked by (-)-sulpiride, a selective D2 receptor antagonist and by BD-1047, a selective sigma1 antagonist. Ex-vivo binding studies showed that brain sigma1 receptors are occupied after in vivo treatment with IDN 5491, possibly by an unknown metabolite or by endogenous ligand induced by hyperforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cervo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
The phloroglucinol derivative hyperforin has been recently shown to be a major antidepressant component in the extract of Hypericum perforatum. Experimental studies clearly demonstrated its activity in different behavioral models of depression. Moreover clinical studies linked the therapeutic efficacy of Hypericum extracts to their hyperforin content, in a dose-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism of action of hyperforin is still under investigation. Hyperforin has been shown to inhibit, like conventional antidepressants, the neuronal uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. However, hyperforin inhibits also the uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamate. The uptake inhibition by hyperforin does not involve specific binding sites at the transporter molecules; its mechanism of action seems to be related to sodium conductive pathways, leading to an elevation in intracellular Na(+) concentration. Other additional mechanisms of action of hyperforin, involving ionic conductances as well synaptosomal and vesicular function, have been suggested. In addition to its antidepressant activity, hyperforin has many other pharmacological effects in vivo (anxiolytic-like, cognition-enhancing effects) and in vitro (antioxidant, anticyclooxygenase-1, and anticarcinogenic effects). These effects could be of clinical importance. On the other hand, the role of hyperforin in the pharmacological interactions occurring during Hypericum extract therapy must be fully investigated. Hyperforin seems to be responsible for the induction of liver cytochrome oxidase enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Several pharmacokinetic studies performed in rats and humans demonstrated oral bioavailability of hyperforin from Hypericum extract. Only recently a new chromatographic method for detection of hyperforin in the brain tissue has been developed and validated. Taking into account the chemical instability of hyperforin, current efforts are directed to the synthesis of new neuroactive derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Moderna Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Trautmann-Sponsel RD, Dienel A. Safety of Hypericum extract in mildly to moderately depressed outpatients: a review based on data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2004; 82:303-7. [PMID: 15488262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypericum extracts have been regarded as antidepressant drugs without specific side effects by patients, medical professionals and researchers alike. Recently there has been discussion about potential interactions between St. John's wort and other drugs. OBJECTIVES To investigate the tolerability of Hypericum extract by comparing adverse event rates observed during clinical trials with the herbal drug to those observed under placebo and synthetic antidepressants. METHODS A data review was performed based on the original data of three double-blind, randomised multicenter trials, during which 594 out-patients suffering from mild to moderate depression according to DSM-IV criteria received 3 x 300 mg/day Hypericum extract (WS 5570, WS 5572, WS 5573) or placebo over a double-blind treatment period of 6 weeks. For the polled data from the three trials, the risk ratios and risk differences versus placebo for single and grouped adverse events were determined along with their 95% confidence intervals. The data were inspected for relevant differences between Hypericum extract and placebo and were compared to trials involving the administration of several synthetic antidepressants. RESULTS For the polled data of the three trials, the percentage of patients with any adverse events under Hypericum extract exposition was comparable to placebo. The drug was also found to be devoid of effects of sedation, anticholinergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances and sexual dysfunction often found in patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. CONCLUSION The analysis did not reveal any specific effects of Hypericum extract.
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Shimazaki T, Iijima M, Chaki S. Anxiolytic-like activity of MGS0039, a potent group II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, in a marble-burying behavior test. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 501:121-5. [PMID: 15464070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic abnormalities are involved in several psychiatric disorders. Clinical evidence demonstrates altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. MGS0039, (1R,2R,3R,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, is a novel group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor antagonist. We examined MGS0039's potential anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder activity, using the marble-burying behavior test as a model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. MGS0039 as well as LY341495 ((2S,1'S,2'S)-2-(9-xanthylmethyl)-2-(2'-carboxycycloprolyl)glycine), another group II mGlu receptor antagonist, inhibited marble-burying behavior. We also demonstrated that this effect was significantly attenuated by a group II mGlu receptor agonist. This data indicates that group II mGlu receptor antagonists may exert anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder effects in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Shimazaki
- Psychiatric Diseases and Pain Research, Medicinal Pharmacology Laboratory, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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Qing C, Liu MH, Yangl WM, Zhang YL, Wang L, Liu JK. Effects of albaconol from the basidiomycete Albatrellus confluens on DNA topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage and relaxation. Planta Med 2004; 70:792-796. [PMID: 15503351 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of albaconol on the growth of human tumor cell, DNA topoisomerase (topo)-mediated DNA cleavage and direct DNA breakage was investigated. Albaconol inhibited significantly the growth of the human tumor cell lines K562, A549, BGC-823 and Bcap-37, the IC5s values were 7.99 +/- 0.4, 3.17 +/- 0.89, 4.18 +/- 0.14 and 7.45 +/- 2.5 microM, respectively. Albaconol stabilized and increased the topo 11-mediated DNA cleavable complex and inhibited the religation activity of topo II in a dose-dependent manner, but it failed to affect the activity of topo I. Albaconol directly broke pBR322 DNA at high concentrations, but there was no effect on the macromolecule of K562 cells. These results strongly suggest that albaconol targeted specifically to DNA topo II and that this is one of the mechanisms of its antitumor action; the direct action of albaconol on DNA may partly contribute to its anti-tumor activity at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qing
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products Research, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650-204, P.R. China
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Chaki S, Yoshikawa R, Hirota S, Shimazaki T, Maeda M, Kawashima N, Yoshimizu T, Yasuhara A, Sakagami K, Okuyama S, Nakanishi S, Nakazato A. MGS0039: a potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist with antidepressant-like activity. Neuropharmacology 2004; 46:457-67. [PMID: 14975669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 10/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the pharmacological profile of (1R,2R,3R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (MGS0039), a novel group II mGluR antagonist. MGS0039 showed high affinity for both mGluR2 (Ki = 2.2 nM) and mGluR3 (Ki = 4.5 nM), which are comparable to LY341495, another group II mGluR antagonist. MGS0039 attenuated both glutamate-induced inhibition of forskolin-evoked cyclic AMP formation in CHO cells expressing mGluR2 (IC50 = 20 nM) or mGluR3 (IC50 = 24 nM) and glutamate-increased [35S]GTPgammaS binding to mGluR2 (pA2 = 8.2), which means that MGS0039 acts as an antagonist. MGS0039 shifted the dose-response curve of glutamate-increased [35S]GTPgammaS binding rightward without altering the maximal response, and thereby indicating competitive antagonism. MGS0039 showed no significant effects on other mGluRs as well as the other receptors and transporters we studied. MGS0039 (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as LY341495 (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) had dose-dependent antidepressant-like effects in the rat forced swim test and in the mouse tail suspension test. In contrast, MGS0039 (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.p.) had no apparent effect in the rat social interaction test and in the rat elevated plus-maze. These results indicate that MGS0039 is a potent and selective antagonist of group II mGluR, and that group II mGluR antagonists, like MGS0039, have an antidepressant-like potential in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Chaki
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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Abe T, Takagi N, Nakano M, Takeo S. The effects of monobromobimane on neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett 2004; 357:227-31. [PMID: 15003291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium accumulation and free radical formation in the mitochondria are suggested to result in opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that may be an initial step in neuronal cell death. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether monobromobimane (MBM) was a possible protective agent against neuronal cell death after transient global ischemia and the swelling of isolated hippocampal mitochondria. Infusion of MBM (1 or 3 microg) to cerebral ventricles 30 min before ischemia attenuated the expression of TUNEL-labeled cells and neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region at 72 h of reperfusion dose-dependently. Treatment with MBM inhibited an increase in caspase-3-like activity at 48 h of reperfusion in the hippocampus. MBM (30-300 microM) also inhibited an enhanced swelling rate induced by Ca2+ and phenylarsineoxide in the isolated hippocampal mitochondria. These results suggest that in vivo treatment with MBM may protect against neuronal cell death through inhibition of the mitochondrial swelling and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Abe
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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48
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Robins P. Japanese Pharmacological Society--77th Annual Meeting. Part I. 8-10 March 2004, Osaka, Japan. IDrugs 2004; 7:295-7. [PMID: 15057628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Robins
- Thomson Scientific, Middlesex House, 34-42 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JE, UK.
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Linden AM, Greene SJ, Bergeron M, Schoepp DD. Anxiolytic activity of the MGLU2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 on the elevated plus maze is associated with the suppression of stress-induced c-Fos in the hippocampus and increases in c-Fos induction in several other stress-sensitive brain regions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:502-13. [PMID: 14694349 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
LY354740 is a potent and selective agonist for group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, with anxiolytic activity in several animal models of anxiety, including the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Here, we studied neuronal activation in mouse brain after EPM exposure in saline- and LY354740-treated mice using c-Fos immunoreactivity as a marker. The effect of LY354740 on c-Fos expression was also studied in cage control (no EPM) mice. Pretreatment with LY354740 (20 mg/kg, s.c.) produced robust anxiolytic behavior on the EPM. LY354740 administration decreased EPM-induced increases in c-Fos expression in the CA3 of the hippocampus, while having no significant effects on basal c-Fos expression in the hippocampus. LY354740 administration significantly increased c-Fos expression in specific limbic regions, including the lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeL), lateral parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, and Edinger-Westphal nucleus, whether or not animals were exposed to the EPM. Moreover, LY354740 administration per se significantly increased c-Fos expression in regions processing sensory information, including the paraventricular and lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus as well as the nucleus of the optic tract and superior colliculus. In particular, the suppression of fear-evoked neuronal activity in the hippocampus and drug-induced increases in neuronal activation in the CeL have been previously linked to the anxiolytic effects of clinically effective drugs such as benzodiazepines, and thus may contribute to anxiolytic actions of LY354740 in animal models and human anxiety patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Linden
- Neuroscience Research Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Axford L, Boot JR, Hotten TM, Keenan M, Martin FM, Milutinovic S, Moore NA, O'Neill MF, Pullar IA, Tupper DE, Van Belle KR, Vivien V. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as novel triple re-uptake inhibitors for the treatment of depression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3277-80. [PMID: 12951108 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted naphthyl containing chiral [2.2.1] bicycloheptanes were prepared utilizing asymmetric Diels-Alder chemistry. This paper describes structure-activity relationships in this series. The N-methyl 2-naphthyl analogue (16d) and its des-methyl analogue (17d) are active triple re-uptake inhibitors both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Axford
- Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
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