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Cierpikowski P, Lis-Nawara A, Bar J. Prognostic Value of WNT1, NOTCH1, PDGFRβ, and CXCR4 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:591-602. [PMID: 36697060 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The biological behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) might be an effect of aberrant activation of several signalling pathways, like WNT and NOTCH pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of WNT1 and NOTCH1 in patients with OSCC in relation to pro-angiogenic factors (PDGFRβ, CXCR4). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed in 60 OSCC tissue samples to compare WNT1, NOTCH1, PDGFRβ, and CXCR4 expression and correlate it with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Immunoreactivity of WNT1, NOTCH1, PDGFRβ, and CXCR4 was found in 51.7%, 25.0%, 63.3%, and 70.0% of the patients, respectively. WNT1 expression was positively correlated with NOTCH1 (r=0.269, p=0.037) and CXCR4 (r=0.268, p=0.038). Positive correlation was observed also between NOTCH1 and CXCR4 (r=0.493, p<0.001). WNT1 and PDGFRβ expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p=0.042, p=0.033, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression model revealed that WNT1 and CXCR4 were independent prognostic factors (p=0.009, p=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION WNT1 and NOTCH1 expression is associated with CXCR4 expression in OSCC, suggesting that WNT and NOTCH pathways are important in oral tumour angiogenesis. Moreover, WNT1 and CXCR4 could serve as independent prognostic factors for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cierpikowski
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lis-Nawara
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Bar
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Wu T, Yang W, Sun A, Wei Z, Lin Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010167. [PMID: 36612163 PMCID: PMC9818145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokines are small chemotactic and secreted cytokines. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer and are closely correlated with tumor progression. The CXC chemokine family has a dual function in tumor development, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depending on the context of cellular signaling. Recent evidence highlights the pro-tumorigenic properties of CXC chemokines in most human cancers. CXC chemokines were found to play pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis, stimulating inflammatory responses, and facilitating tumor metastases. Enhanced expression of CXC chemokines is always signatured with inferior survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines in cancer patients are in dynamic change according to the tumor contexts (e.g., chemotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence after surgery). Thus, CXC chemokines have great potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of CXC chemokines on tumor inflammation and metastasis remain unclear and application of antagonists and neutralizing antibodies of CXC chemokines signaling for cancer therapy is still not fully established. This article will review the roles of CXC chemokines in promoting tumorigenesis and progression and address the future research directions of CXC chemokines for cancer treatment.
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El Kheir W, Marcos B, Virgilio N, Paquette B, Faucheux N, Lauzon MA. Drug Delivery Systems in the Development of Novel Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1189. [PMID: 35745762 PMCID: PMC9227363 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV glioma considered the most fatal cancer of the central nervous system (CNS), with less than a 5% survival rate after five years. The tumor heterogeneity, the high infiltrative behavior of its cells, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits the access of therapeutic drugs to the brain are the main reasons hampering the current standard treatment efficiency. Following the tumor resection, the infiltrative remaining GBM cells, which are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can further invade the surrounding brain parenchyma. Consequently, the development of new strategies to treat parenchyma-infiltrating GBM cells, such as vaccines, nanotherapies, and tumor cells traps including drug delivery systems, is required. For example, the chemoattractant CXCL12, by binding to its CXCR4 receptor, activates signaling pathways that play a critical role in tumor progression and invasion, making it an interesting therapeutic target to properly control the direction of GBM cell migration for treatment proposes. Moreover, the interstitial fluid flow (IFF) is also implicated in increasing the GBM cell migration through the activation of the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling pathway. However, due to its complex and variable nature, the influence of the IFF on the efficiency of drug delivery systems is not well understood yet. Therefore, this review discusses novel drug delivery strategies to overcome the GBM treatment limitations, focusing on chemokines such as CXCL12 as an innovative approach to reverse the migration of infiltrated GBM. Furthermore, recent developments regarding in vitro 3D culture systems aiming to mimic the dynamic peritumoral environment for the optimization of new drug delivery technologies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiam El Kheir
- Advanced Dynamic Cell Culture Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Bernard Marcos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Clinical Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Clinical Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Advanced Dynamic Cell Culture Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Research Center on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
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4
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He J, Jiang Z, Lei J, Zhou W, Cui Y, Luo B, Zhang M. Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Perspectives of CXCR Members in the Glioma Microenvironment. Front Genet 2022; 13:787141. [PMID: 35571062 PMCID: PMC9091590 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.787141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CXCR (CXC Chemokine Receptor) is a complex of the immune-associated protein involved in tumor activation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis through various chemical signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, significant prognostic characteristics of CXCR members and their impact on the occurrence and progression of glioma have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: In this research, we used Oncomine, TCGA, GTEx, and CGGA databases to analyze the transcription and survival data of glioma patients. Afterward, the influence of CXCR members on the TME was explored using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Results: The mRNA expression levels of CXCR1/2/3/4/7 were significantly up-regulated in glioma than in normal samples, whereas the mRNA expression level of CXCR5 was decreased. We then summarized the genetic alteration landscape of CXCR and identified two molecular subtypes based on CXCR expression patterns in glioma. The characteristics of CXCRs were also investigated, including the clinicopathological parameters, TME cell infiltration, and prognosis of patients with glioma. After Lasso and multivariable Cox regression, a CR-Score for predicting overall survival (OS) was constructed and the predictive performance of the signature was validated. The high-risk group was a significantly poorer prognostic group than the low-risk group as judged by the CR-Score (TCGA cohort, p < 0.001, CGGA cohort, p < 0.001). Moreover, the CR-Score was significantly correlated to the tumor-immune infiltration and cancer stem cell (CSC) index. A risk scale-based nomogram incorporating clinical factors for individual risk estimation was established thereby. Conclusion: These findings may pave the way for enhancing our understanding of CXCR modification patterns and developing better immune therapeutic approaches for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongzhong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Alsayed RKME, Khan AQ, Ahmad F, Ansari AW, Alam MA, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M, Uddin S, Ahmad A. Epigenetic Regulation of CXCR4 Signaling in Cancer Pathogenesis and Progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:697-708. [PMID: 35346802 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling involving chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1/CXL12 has been investigated for many years for its possible role in cancer progression and pathogenesis. Evidence emerging from clinical studies in recent years has further established diagnostic as well as prognostic importance of CXCR4 signaling. CXCR4 and SDF-1 are routinely reported to be elevated in tumors, distant metastases, which correlates with poor survival of patients. These findings have kindled interest in the mechanisms that regulate CXCR4/SDF-1 expression. Of note, there is a particular interest in the epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling that may be responsible for upregulated CXCR4 in primary as well as metastatic cancers. This review first lists the clinical evidence supporting CXCR4 signaling as putative cancer diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, followed by a discussion on reported epigenetic mechanisms that affect CXCR4 expression. These mechanisms include regulation by non-coding RNAs, such as, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. Additionally, we also discuss the regulation of CXCR4 expression through methylation and acetylation. Better understanding and appreciation of epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling can invariably lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets as well as therapies to regulate this oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khaled M E Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Majid Ali Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Jorg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Medical School, Doha, 24144, Qatar; Dept. of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that wildly used in surgical treatment and postoperative medical care for lung cancers. We hypothesized that lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration can inhibit CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-regulated cytoskeletal remodeling thereby reduce the migration of Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) cells. METHODS: We determined the effect of lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration on CXCL12-induced cell viability, apoptosis, cell death, monolayer cell wound healing rate, individual cell migration indicators, expression of CXCR4, CD44, and ICAM-1, intracellular Ca2+ level, and filamentous actin level alteration of NSCLC cells A549 and CXCR4-knocked down A549 cells using CCK-8, Bcl-2 ELISA, Cell death ELISA, wound healing assay, chemotaxis assay, western blotting, QPCR, Fura-2-based intracellular Ca2+ assay, and Fluorescein Phalloidin staining respectively. RESULTS: Lidocaine did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, and cell death but inhibited CXCL12-induced migration, intracellular Ca2+ releasing, and filamentous actin increase. Lidocaine decreased expression of CXCR4, increased CD44, but had no effect on ICAM-1. CXCL12 induced the increase of CD44 and ICAM-1 but did not affect CD44 in the presence of lidocaine. The knockdown of CXCR4 eliminated all the effects of lidocaine. The overexpression of CXCR4 promoted migration but the migration was inhibited by lidocaine. CONCLUSION: Lidocaine at clinical plasma concentrations inhibited CXCL12-induced CXCR4 activation, thereby reduced the intracellular Ca2+-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in slower migration of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanan Cui
- Corresponding author: Yanan Cui, Department of Anesthesiology, Heping Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, China. E-mail:
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Tan W, He L, Peng L. Characterization of the Prognostic Values of the CXCR1-7 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) Microenvironment. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:601206. [PMID: 33324682 PMCID: PMC7724088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.601206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As cancer immunotherapy has become a hot research topic, the values of CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) in tumor microenvironment have been increasingly realized. More and more evidence showed that the aberrant expression of CXCRs is closely related to the prognosis of various cancers. However, prognostic values and the exact roles of different CXCRs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not yet been elucidated. Methods: To further evaluate the potential of seven CXCRs as prognostic biomarkers for ccRCC, multiple online analysis tools, including ONCOMINE, UALCAN (TCGA dataset), Kaplan–Meier Plotter, MethSurv, cBioPortal, GEPIA, Metascape, and TIMER databases, were utilized in our research. Results: The mRNA expression of CXCR4/6/7 was significantly increased in ccRCC patients, and all CXCRs are remarkably related to tumor stage or grade of ccRCC. Higher levels of CXCR3/4/5/6 expression were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with ccRCC, while higher expression of CXCR2 was associated with better OS. 23.14% mutation rate (118/510) of CXCR1-7 was observed in ccRCC patients, and the genetic alterations in CXCRs were related to worse OS and progression-free survival in ccRCC patients. Additionally, 53 CpGs of CXCR1-7 showed significant prognostic values. For functional enrichment, our results showed that CXCRs and their similar genes may be involved in cancer-associated pathways, immune process, and angiogenesis, etc. Besides, CXCRs were significantly correlated with multiple immune cells (e.g., CD8+ T cell, CD4+ cell, and dendritic cell). Conclusion: This study explored the potential prognostic values and roles of the CXCRs in ccRCC microenvironment. Our results suggested that CXCR4 and CXCR6 could be the prognostic biomarkers for the patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulin Wu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingzhao Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanjun Tan
- Shenzhen Futian Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Chatterjee M, Ehrenberg A, Toska LM, Metz LM, Klier M, Krueger I, Reusswig F, Elvers M. Molecular Drivers of Platelet Activation: Unraveling Novel Targets for Anti-Thrombotic and Anti-Thrombo-Inflammatory Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7906. [PMID: 33114406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally-partly a consequence of increased population size and ageing-and are major contributors to reduced quality of life. Platelets play a major role in hemostasis and thrombosis. While platelet activation and aggregation are essential for hemostasis at sites of vascular injury, uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathological thrombus formation and provokes thrombosis leading to myocardial infarction or stroke. Platelet activation and thrombus formation is a multistage process with different signaling pathways involved to trigger platelet shape change, integrin activation, stable platelet adhesion, aggregation, and degranulation. Apart from thrombotic events, thrombo-inflammation contributes to organ damage and dysfunction in CVDs and is mediated by platelets and inflammatory cells. Therefore, in the past, many efforts have been made to investigate specific signaling pathways in platelets to identify innovative and promising approaches for novel antithrombotic and anti-thrombo-inflammatory strategies that do not interfere with hemostasis. In this review, we focus on some of the most recent data reported on different platelet receptors, including GPIb-vWF interactions, GPVI activation, platelet chemokine receptors, regulation of integrin signaling, and channel homeostasis of NMDAR and PANX1.
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Wu QY, Yang CK, Rong LJ, Li JC, Lei LM. Investigation of the association between C-X-C motif chemokine receptor subunits and tumor infiltration levels and prognosis in patients with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:16. [PMID: 32774489 PMCID: PMC7406880 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the malignancies with the highest morality rate due to postoperative local invasion and distant metastasis. Although C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) subunits have been reported as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer, the prognostic value of CXCR subunits in PDAC remains poorly understood. In the present study, the expression levels and biological functions of CXCR subunits were investigated using multiple publicly accessible bioinformatic platforms and databases. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of CXCR subunits in 112 early-stage PDAC cases by setting the median expression levels as the cut-off values. A nomogram was constructed to combine CXCR subunit expression levels and clinical data for prognosis prediction. Moreover, the association between CXCR subunit expression levels and tumor infiltration levels were detected in PDAC. The expression levels of CXCR subunits were elevated in PDAC tumor tissues. In the multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model, high CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCR6 expression levels in early-stage PDAC were associated with a more favorable prognosis. Further, it was demonstrated that the differential expression levels of CXCR subunits in PDAC for combined survival analysis could contribute to risk stratification. The nomogram model demonstrated the contribution of CXCR subunits and clinical features in the prognosis of PDAC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that CXCR subunits serve a role in immunomodulatory functions. The expression levels and somatic copy number alterations of CXCR subunits were associated with tumor infiltration levels in PDAC. CXCR subunits were associated with prognosis in patients with early-stage PDAC and may be potential drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Liang-Jun Rong
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Jun-Chan Li
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
| | - Long-Ming Lei
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R.China
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10
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Chen X, Chen R, Jin R, Huang Z. The role of CXCL chemokine family in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2020; 13:484-492. [PMID: 32269686 PMCID: PMC7137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) family plays an important role in inflammation. In order to understand the role of CXC chemokine family in carcinogenesis, this study explored a group of early gastric cancer (GC) patients, and assessed the level of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) in blood samples of patients representing systemic circulation and tumor microenvironment, detected the expression of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) in tumor tissues, and measured tumor infiltrating immune cell subsets. 69 patients with GC were included in a single center prospective study and were followed up for 6 years. The level of CXCL1-14 was determined by ELISA and the concentration gradient of chemokine was calculated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, and CXCR4 in tumor tissue. CXCL1-14 expression was inhibited by siRNA in HGC27 cells and then the migration ability of HGC27 cells was detected by cell scratch test. The results of this study showed that the chemokine concentrations of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL11, and CXCL13 in peripheral blood and tumor drainage blood of patients without recurrence after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment. The concentrations of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CXCL14 in peripheral blood and tumor drainage blood were significantly higher than those in patients without recurrence. Patients with low expression of CXCR1 and CXCR3 had lower AFP (alpha fetoprotein), smaller tumor volume, and lower TNM tumor stage. Patients with lower expression of CXCR2 and CXCR4 had higher AFP (alpha fetoprotein) level, larger tumor volume, and higher TNM tumor stage. After down-regulation of CXCLs expression, the migration ability of most cell lines was significantly inhibited. This study suggests that CXCL chemokine family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GC and can be used as a marker for the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Renpin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Foroutan P, Boshagh MA, Moloudi MR, Fakhari S, Nikkhoo B, Jalili A. Expression of CXC Chemokine Receptors in Acute Ulcerative Colitis: Initial Study from an Animal Model. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:56. [PMID: 31673529 PMCID: PMC6777142 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_55_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease which is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, crypt abscesses, distortion of the mucosal glands, and goblet cell depletion. The existence of neutrophil-rich inflammation in colon tissues of patients with UC is one of the most significant histological features of this disease. Nonetheless, the expression of CXCR chemokine receptors which appear as the main chemical mediators governing the migration of neutrophils into the mucosal tissue of patients with UC has not been well clarified. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the UC model was induced in Wistar rats by administration of 2 ml 4% acetic acid into the large colon through the rectum. Animals were anesthetized after 48 h; their colon tissue samples were isolated for macroscopic and histopathological examination. The expression of receptor1-7 of CXC chemokine was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. Results: Heavy infiltration of neutrophils, coagulative necrosis, and ulcers were observed in H and E staining, which pathologically proved the UC model. qRT-PCR results indicated that CXCR2 as one of the important ELR+ chemokine family receptors bears the highest expression in the UC group (32 fold) than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, other CXCRs of this group including CXCR1 did not possess any change (P > 0.05). In contrast, RLR negative chemokine family receptors did not show any changes with the normal group. Conclusion: The results showed that CXCR2 is the only receptor for CXCL family which was remarkably upregulated in experimental UC and that CXCR2 might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Foroutan
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Boshagh
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shohreh Fakhari
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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12
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Russell DW, Hardison M, Genschmer KR, Szul T, Bratcher PE, Abdul Roda M, Xu X, Viera L, Blalock JE, Gaggar A, Noerager BD. Benzyloxycarbonyl-proline-prolinal (ZPP): Dual complementary roles for neutrophil inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:691-6. [PMID: 31400851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil influx and activation contributes to organ damage in several major lung diseases. This inflammatory influx is initiated and propagated by both classical chemokines such as interleukin-8 and by downstream mediators such as the collagen fragment cum neutrophil chemokine Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP), which share use of the ELR + CXC receptor family. Benzyloxycarbonyl-proline-prolinal (ZPP) is known to suppress the PGP pathway via inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase (PE), the terminal enzyme in the generation of PGP from collagen. However, the structural homology of ZPP and PGP suggests that ZPP might also directly affect classical glutamate-leucine-arginine positive (ELR+) CXC chemokine signaling. In this investigation, we confirm that ZPP inhibits PE in vitro, demonstrate that ZPP inhibits both ELR + CXC and PGP-mediated chemotaxis in human and murine neutrophils, abrogates neutrophil influx induced by murine intratracheal challenge with LPS, and attenuates human neutrophil chemotaxis to sputum samples of human subjects with cystic fibrosis. Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that ZPP has dual, complementary inhibitory effects upon neutrophil chemokine/matrikine signaling which make it an attractive compound for clinical study of neutrophil inhibition in conditions (such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) which evidence concurrent harmful increases of both chemokine and matrikine signaling.
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13
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Yu C, Zhang Y. Characterization of the prognostic values of CXCR family in gastric cancer. Cytokine 2019; 123:154785. [PMID: 31344595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) in gastric cancer (GC) has been an increasing focus. However, comprehensive prognostic values of CXCR members in GC are yet to be clearly defined. METHODS Multiple public available datasets, including Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, oncomine, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), SurvExpress platform and the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER), were used for mRNA expression and prognostic characterization. Nomogram method was used for clinical model prediction. RESULTS CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5 displayed significantly up-regulated expression in tumor compared to normal. High mRNA expression of CXCR2 (HR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.62-0.95, p = 0.014), CXCR3 (HR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.61-0.90, p = 0.0024), CXCR4 (HR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.58-0.86, p = 0.00048), CXCR5 (HR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.59-0.87, p = 0.00093) and CXCR6 (HR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.54-0.81, p = 4.9e-05) was significantly associated with favorable overall survival (OS). The prognostic values of CXCR members were also explored in subtypes, including HER2 status, Lauren classification, pathological stages. The low risk group of CXCR signature displayed a significantly favorable OS compared to the high risk group (HR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.21-4.69, p = 1.057e-09). Nomogram clinical models were established for both OS (C-index: 0.692; 95%CI: 0.648-0.736) and recurrence free survival (C-index: 0.731; 95%CI: 0.675-0.786). In addition, CXCR6 and CD8+T cells featured the highest correlation (partial-cor = 0.781, p = 4.17e-77). CONCLUSION This study identified distinct expression and prognostic values of CXCR members in GC using public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Yu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, PR China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Chu T, Shields LBE, Zhang YP, Feng SQ, Shields CB, Cai J. CXCL12/ CXCR4/CXCR7 Chemokine Axis in the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic Targets for Remyelination in Demyelinating Diseases. Neuroscientist 2017; 23:627-648. [PMID: 29283028 DOI: 10.1177/1073858416685690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 plays a vital role in regulating the development of the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Recent studies reported that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis regulates both embryonic and adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The changes in the expression and distribution of CXCL12 and its receptors are tightly associated with the pathological process of demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that modulating the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis may benefit myelin repair by enhancing OPC recruitment and differentiation. This review aims to integrate the current findings of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathway in the CNS and to highlight its role in oligodendrocyte development and demyelinating diseases. Furthermore, this review provides potential therapeutic strategies for myelin repair by analyzing the relevance between the pathological changes and the regulatory roles of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 during MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Chu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- 2 Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- 2 Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jun Cai
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,4 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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15
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Tang SK, Knobloch RA, Maucksch C, Connor B. Redirection of doublecortin-positive cell migration by over-expression of the chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α and GRO-α in the adult rat brain. Neuroscience 2013; 260:240-8. [PMID: 24361178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced chemoattraction plays a major role in adult subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived precursor cell migration following neural cell loss, in particular through the release of chemokines by activated microglia and macrophages. We previously demonstrated that monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (chemokine (c-c motif) ligand (CCL)2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) (CCL3) and growth regulatory protein-α (GRO-α) (chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand (CXCL)1) are up-regulated following neural cell loss in the adult striatum and act as potent chemoattractants for SVZ-derived precursor cells in vitro. Based on these observations, the current study aimed to examine the individual effect of MCP-1, MIP-1α and GRO-α on the migration of adult SVZ-derived neural precursor cells in vivo. To address this without the confounding effects of injury-induced chemotactic cues, adeno-associated viral (AAV)2-mediated in vivo gene transfer was used to ectopically express either MCP-1, MIP-1α or GRO-α, or the control red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the normal adult rat striatum. The extent of doublecortin (Dcx)-positive cell recruitment from the SVZ into the striatal parenchyma was then determined at 4 and 8weeks following AAV2 injection. Ectopic expression either of MCP-1 or MIP-1α in the normal adult rat brain significantly increased the number of Dcx-positive cells and the extent of their migration into the striatum at both 4 and 8weeks after vector injection but did not promote either precursor cell proliferation or neural differentiation. In contrast, while over-expression of GRO-α 4weeks after vector injection induced a significant increase in Dcx-positive cell migration compared to control, this effect was reduced to control levels by 8weeks post injection. Further, direct comparison between MCP-1, MIP-1α and GRO-α at both 4 and 8weeks post vector injection indicated that GRO-α may have a reduced effect in inducing Dcx-positive cell migration when compared to MCP-1. Combined, these results confirm that over-expression of the chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α and GRO-α can override cues directing precursor cell migration along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and provides a mechanism by which neural precursor cell migration can be redirected into a non-neurogenic region. Differences in the migratory effect observed between individual chemokine may be due to ligand-binding affinity and/or receptor expression on SVZ-derived precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - R A Knobloch
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - C Maucksch
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - B Connor
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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16
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Shrimali D, Shanmugam MK, Kumar AP, Zhang J, Tan BKH, Ahn KS, Sethi G. Targeted abrogation of diverse signal transduction cascades by emodin for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:139-49. [PMID: 23962559 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a natural occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens. It is found as an active ingredient in different Chinese herbs including Rheum palmatum and Polygonam multiflorum, and has diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of emodin have been exhibited in various in vitro as well as in vivo models of inflammation including pancreatitis, arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis and glomerulonephritis. As an anti-cancer agent, emodin has been shown to suppress the growth of various tumor cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, breast, colorectal, leukemia, and lung cancers. Emodin is a pleiotropic molecule capable of interacting with several major molecular targets including NF-κB, casein kinase II, HER2/neu, HIF-1α, AKT/mTOR, STAT3, CXCR4, topoisomerase II, p53, p21, and androgen receptors which are involved in inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes reported anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of emodin, and re-emphasizes its potential therapeutic role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Shrimali
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Lee HJ, Li N, Evans SM, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical force in blood development: extrinsic physical cues drive pro-hematopoietic signaling. Differentiation 2013; 86:92-103. [PMID: 23850217 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is dynamic during development and in adulthood, undergoing countless spatial and temporal transitions during the course of one's life. Microenvironmental cues in the many unique hematopoietic niches differ, characterized by distinct soluble molecules, membrane-bound factors, and biophysical features that meet the changing needs of the blood system. Research from the last decade has revealed the importance of substrate elasticity and biomechanical force in determination of stem cell fate. Our understanding of the role of these factors in hematopoiesis is still relatively poor; however, the developmental origin of blood cells from the endothelium provides a model for comparison. Many endothelial mechanical sensors and second messenger systems may also determine hematopoietic stem cell fate, self renewal, and homing behaviors. Further, the intimate contact of hematopoietic cells with mechanosensitive cell types, including osteoblasts, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and pericytes, places them in close proximity to paracrine signaling downstream of mechanical signals. The objective of this review is to present an overview of the sensors and intracellular signaling pathways activated by mechanical cues and highlight the role of mechanotransductive pathways in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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19
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Huang J, Li Z, Yao X, Li Y, Reng X, Li J, Wang W, Gao J, Wang C, Tankersley CG, Huang K. Altered Th1/Th2 commitment contributes to lung senescence in CXCR3-deficient mice. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:717-26. [PMID: 23583952 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process associated with immune imbalance, which is characterized by a progressive functional decline in major organs, including lung. However, effects of altered Th1/Th2 commitment on lung senescence are largely unknown. To examine effects of altered Th1/Th2 balance on lung aging, we measured proportions of Th1 and Th2 cells and expression of cytokines, chemokines, collagen deposition and other relevant physiological and pathological parameters in 2- and 20-months-old (mo) CXCR3-deficient (CXCR3(-/-)) C57BL/6J mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. There was a significant weight-loss observed in 20-mo CXCR3(-/-) mice compared with the same aged WT group. Although lung function and structure changed with age in both groups, central airway resistance (Rn), tissue elastance (H) and damping (G) were significantly lower in 20-mo CXCR3(-/-) mice than those of WT mice. In contrast, the whole lung volume (V(L)), the mean linear intercept length of alveolar (L(m)), and the total lung collagen content were significantly elevated in 20-mo CXCR3(-/-) mice. With aging, the lungs of WT mice had typical Th1-type status (increased population of Th1 cells and concentrations of cytokine IFN-γ and CXCR3 ligands) while CXCR3(-/-) mice showed Th2-type polarization (decreased proportion of Th1 cells and concentrations of CXCR3 ligands but increased level of IL-4). Our data suggest that Immunosenescence is associated with lung aging, and that altered Th1/Th2 imbalance favors Th2 predominance in CXCR3(-/-) mice, which contributes to the process of accelerated lung aging in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, PR China
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