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Zhang L, Yang M, Wang Z, Fan D, Shen F, Zou X, Zhang X, Hu S, Hu B, Hu X. Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in zebrafish involving the Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation and the microtubule-associated protein 2 promotion. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116693. [PMID: 38701566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane postconditioning has been shown to provide neuroprotection against cerebral hypoxia-ischemia injury, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is implicated in early neuronal hypoxia-ischemia injury. This study aimed to investigate whether the neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane postconditioning are related to the Akt/GSK-3β pathway and its downstream target MAP2 in zebrafish hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model. Sevoflurane postconditioning or GSK-3β inhibitor TDZD-8 were used to treat H/R zebrafish. The cerebral infarction, neuronal apoptosis, and mitochondrial changes were evaluated using TTC staining, TUNEL staining, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The distribution of MAP2 in the brain was determined by immunofluorescence imaging. The levels of Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, and MAP2 proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. The neurobehavioral recovery of zebrafish was assessed based on optokinetic response behavior. Our results indicated that sevoflurane postconditioning and TDZD-8 significantly reduced the cerebral infarction area, suppressed cell apoptosis, and improved mitochondrial integrity in zebrafish subjected to H/R. Furthermore, sevoflurane postconditioning and TDZD-8 elevated the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β. However, the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning was effectively abolished upon suppression of MAP2 expression. In conclusion, sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorated cerebral H/R injury and facilitated the restoration of neurobehavioral function through the activation of Akt/GSK-3β pathway and promotion of MAP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230061, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengsi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230061, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dinggang Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xuezhu Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230061, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230061, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230061, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xianwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230061, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Jiang L, Sun XY, Wang SQ, Liu YL, Lu LJ, Wu WH, Zhi H, Wang ZY, Liu XD, Liu L. Indoxyl sulphate-TNFα axis mediates uremic encephalopathy in rodent acute kidney injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01251-6. [PMID: 38589687 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often accompanied by uremic encephalopathy resulting from accumulation of uremic toxins in brain possibly due to impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Anionic uremic toxins are substrates or inhibitors of organic anionic transporters (OATs). In this study we investigated the CNS behaviors and expression/function of BBB OAT3 in AKI rats and mice, which received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin 8 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. We showed that cisplatin treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), impaired locomotor and exploration activities, and increased accumulation of uremic toxins in the brain of AKI rats and mice. In vitro studies showed that uremic toxins neither alter OAT3 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, nor synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the conditioned medium (CM) from RAW264.7 cells treated with indoxyl sulfate (IS) significantly impaired OAT3 expression. TNFα and CM from IS-treated BV-2 cells also inhibited synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. The alterations caused by TNFα and CMs in vitro, and by AKI and TNFα in vivo were abolished by infliximab, a monoclonal antibody designed to intercept and neutralize TNFα, suggesting that AKI impaired the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 in the brain via IS-induced TNFα release from macrophages or microglia (termed as IS-TNFα axis). Treatment of mice with TNFα (0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p. for 3 days) significantly increased p-p65 expression and reduced the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. Inhibiting NF-κB pathway, silencing p65, or activating Nrf2 and HO-1 obviously attenuated TNFα-induced downregulation of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions. Significantly increased p-p65 and decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels were also detected in brain of AKI mice and rats. We conclude that AKI inhibits the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 due to IS-induced TNFα release from macrophages or microglia. TNFα impairs the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 partly via activating NF-κB pathway and inhibiting Nrf2-HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xue-Ying Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Si-Qian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan-Lin Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Jue Lu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Han Wu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Zhi
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Ulu E, Demirci E, Sener EF, Özmen S, Gul MK, Tahtasakal R, Dal F. Role of Glutamate Receptor-related Biomarkers in the Etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024; 22:79-86. [PMID: 38247414 PMCID: PMC10811385 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective : Pathways associated with glutamate receptors are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP), and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), all of which are biomarkers involved in neurodevelopmental processes closely related to glutamatergic pathways, have not previously been studied in patients with ADHD. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of CDK5, MAP2, GKAP, and PSD95 in children with ADHD and investigate whether these markers have a role in the etiology of ADHD. Methods : Ninety-six children with ADHD between 6 and 15 years of age and 72 healthy controls were included in the study. Five milliliters of blood samples were taken from all participants. The samples were stored at -80°C until analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results : Statistically significantly lower CDK5 levels were observed in children with ADHD than in healthy controls (p = 0.037). The MAP2, GKAP, and PSD95 levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the ADHD group than in healthy controls (p = 0.012, p = 0.009, and p = 0.024, respectively). According to binary regression analysis, CDK5 and MAP2 levels were found to be predictors of ADHD. Conclusion : In conclusion, we found that a close relationship existed between ADHD and glutamatergic pathways, and low levels of CDK5 and high levels of MAP2 and GKAP played a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ulu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Özmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Melike Kevser Gul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dal
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Davies DS, Arthur AT, Aitken HL, Crossett B, Goldsbury CS. Protein complexes from mouse and chick brain that interact with phospho-KXGS motif tau/microtubule associated protein antibody. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060067. [PMID: 38299702 PMCID: PMC10924212 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse monoclonal 12E8 antibody, which recognises conserved serine phosphorylated KXGS motifs in the microtubule binding domains of tau/tau-like microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), shows elevated binding in brain during normal embryonic development (mammals and birds) and at the early stages of human Alzheimer's disease (AD). It also labels ADF/cofilin-actin rods that form in neurites during exposure to stressors. We aimed to identify direct and indirect 12E8 binding proteins in postnatal mouse brain and embryonic chick brain by immunoprecipitation (IP), mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence. Tau and/or MAP2 were major direct 12E8-binding proteins detected in all IPs, and actin and/or tubulin were co-immunoprecipitated in most samples. Additional proteins were different in mouse versus chick brain IP. In mouse brain IPs, FSD1l and intermediate filament proteins - vimentin, α-internexin, neurofilament polypeptides - were prominent. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot using recombinant intermediate filament subunits, suggests an indirect interaction of these proteins with the 12E8 antibody. In chick brain IPs, subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3) were found, but no direct interaction between 12E8 and recombinant Eif3e protein was detected. Fluorescence microscopy in primary cultured chick neurons showed evidence of co-localisation of Eif3e and tubulin labelling, consistent with previous data demonstrating cytoskeletal organisation of the translation apparatus. Neither total tau or MAP2 immunolabelling accumulated at ADF/cofilin-actin rods generated in primary cultured chick neurons, and we were unable to narrow down the major antigen recognised by 12E8 antibody on ADF/cofilin-actin rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Davies
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - A. T. Arthur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - H. L. Aitken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - B. Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - C. S. Goldsbury
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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5
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Stein J, Krappe E, Kremer A, Cronauer MV, Essler M, Cox A, Klümper N, Krausewitz P, Ellinger J, Ritter M, Kristiansen G, Majores M. Expression of the microtubule-associated protein 2 ( MAP2) as a potential independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:76. [PMID: 38310601 PMCID: PMC10838842 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigation of Microtubuli-associated Protein 2 (MAP2) expression and its clinical relevance in prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS MAP2 expression was immunohistochemically analysed on radical prostatectomy specimens using whole block sections (n = 107) and tissue microarrays (TMA; n = 310). The staining intensity was evaluated for carcinoma, benign tissue and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Expression data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and biochemical recurrence-free survival. Additionally, MAP2 protein expression was quantitatively analysed in the serum of histologically confirmed prostate carcinoma patients and the control group using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS MAP2 staining was significantly stronger in neoplastic tissue than in non-neoplastic prostatic glands, both in whole block sections (p < 0.01) and in TMA sections (p < 0.05). TMA data revealed significantly stronger MAP2 staining in high-grade tumors. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation between strong MAP2 staining in carcinoma and shortened biochemical recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed MAP2 as an independent predictor for an unfavourable course. Mean MAP2 serum levels for non-PCA vs. PCA patients differed significantly (non-PCA = 164.7 pg/ml vs. PCA = 242.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present data support MAP2 as a novel biomarker in PCA specimens. MAP2 is correlated with tumor grade and MAP2 high-expressing PCA is associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Future studies are necessary to evaluate MAP2 as a valuable immunohistochemical biomarker in preoperative PCA diagnostic procedures, in particular with regard to treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stein
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eliana Krappe
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anika Kremer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus V Cronauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Cox
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Krausewitz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Majores
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Holden MR, Krzesinski BJ, Weismiller HA, Shady JR, Margittai M. MAP2 caps tau fibrils and inhibits aggregation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104891. [PMID: 37286038 PMCID: PMC10404690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrils of the microtubule-associated protein tau are intimately linked to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. A current paradigm for pathology spreading in the human brain is that short tau fibrils transfer between neurons and then recruit naive tau monomers onto their tips, perpetuating the fibrillar conformation with high fidelity and speed. Although it is known that the propagation could be modulated in a cell-specific manner and thereby contribute to phenotypic diversity, there is still limited understanding of how select molecules are involved in this process. MAP2 is a neuronal protein that shares significant sequence homology with the repeat-bearing amyloid core region of tau. There is discrepancy about MAP2's involvement in pathology and its relationship with tau fibrillization. Here, we employed the entire repeat regions of 3R and 4R MAP2, to investigate their modulatory role in tau fibrillization. We find that both proteins block the spontaneous and seeded aggregation of 4R tau, with 4R MAP2 being slightly more potent. The inhibition of tau seeding is observed in vitro, in HEK293 cells, and in AD brain extracts, underscoring its broader scope. MAP2 monomers specifically bind to the end of tau fibrils, preventing recruitment of further tau and MAP2 monomers onto the fibril tip. The findings uncover a new function for MAP2 as a tau fibril cap that could play a significant role in modulating tau propagation in disease and may hold promise as a potential intrinsic protein inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brad J Krzesinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hilary A Weismiller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin R Shady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Martin Margittai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Timalsina B, Haque MN, Dash R, Choi HJ, Ghimire N, Moon IS. Neuronal Differentiation and Outgrowth Effect of Thymol in Trachyspermum ammi Seed Extract via BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in Prenatal Maternal Supplementation and Primary Hippocampal Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108565. [PMID: 37239909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reviving the neuronal functions in neurodegenerative disorders requires the promotion of neurite outgrowth. Thymol, which is a principal component of Trachyspermum ammi seed extract (TASE), is reported to have neuroprotective effects. However, the effects of thymol and TASE on neuronal differentiation and outgrowth are yet to be studied. This study is the first report investigating the neuronal growth and maturation effects of TASE and thymol. Pregnant mice were orally supplemented with TASE (250 and 500 mg/kg), thymol (50 and 100 mg/kg), vehicle, and positive controls. The supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and early neuritogenesis markers in the pups' brains at post-natal day 1 (P1). Similarly, the BDNF level was significantly upregulated in the P12 pups' brains. Furthermore, TASE (75 and 100 µg/mL) and thymol (10 and 20 µM) enhanced the neuronal polarity, early neurite arborization, and maturation of hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner in primary hippocampal cultures. The stimulatory activities of TASE and thymol on neurite extension involved TrkB signaling, as evidenced by attenuation via ANA-12 (5 µM), which is a specific TrkB inhibitor. Moreover, TASE and thymol rescued the nocodazole-induced blunted neurite extension in primary hippocampal cultures, suggesting their role as a potent microtubule stabilizing agent. These findings demonstrate the potent capacities of TASE and thymol in promoting neuronal development and reconstruction of neuronal circuitry, which are often compromised in neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Nazmul Haque
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Ghimire
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Kusuyama J, Osana S, Matsuhashi S, Li L, Takada H, Inada H, Nagatomi R. Lactate promotes neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by lactate-responsive gene sets through NDRG3-dependent and -independent manners. J Biol Chem 2023:104802. [PMID: 37172727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate serves as the major glucose alternative to an energy substrate in the brain. Lactate level is increased in the fetal brain from the middle stage of gestation, indicating the involvement of lactate in brain development and neuronal differentiation. Recent reports show that lactate functions as a signaling molecule to regulate gene expression and protein stability. However, the roles of lactate signaling in neuronal cells remain unknown. Here, we showed that lactate promotes the all stages of neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A, human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines, characterized by increased neuronal marker expression and the rates of neurites extension. Transcriptomics revealed many lactate-responsive genes sets such as SPARCL1 in SH-SY5Y, Neuro2A, and primary embryonic mouse neuronal cells. The effects of lactate on neuronal function were mainly mediated through monocarboxylate transporters 1 (MCT1). We found that NDRG family member 3 (NDRG3), a lactate-binding protein, was highly expressed and stabilized by lactate treatment during neuronal differentiation. Combinative RNA-seq of SH-SY5Y with lactate treatment and NDRG3 knockdown shows that the promotive effects of lactate on neural differentiation are regulated through NDRG3-dependent and independent manners. Moreover, we identified TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) and ETS-related transcription factor 4 (ELF4) are the specific transcription factors that are regulated by both lactate and NDRG3 in neuronal differentiation. TEAD1 and ELF4 differently affect the expression of neuronal marker genes in SH-SY5Y cells. These results highlight the biological roles of extracellular and intracellular lactate as a critical signaling molecule that modifies neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Biosignals and Inheritance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shion Osana
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications
| | - Satayuki Matsuhashi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
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Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Kolasa A, Beversdorf DQ, Adamczyk A. Alterations in Cerebellar Microtubule Cytoskeletal Network in a ValproicAcid-Induced Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551785 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterised by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours. The growing body of evidence points to a role for cerebellar changes in ASD pathology. Some of the findings suggest that not only motor problems but also social deficits, repetitive behaviours, and mental inflexibility associated with ASD are connected with damage to the cerebellum. However, the understanding of this brain structure's functions in ASD pathology needs future investigations. Therefore, in this study, we generated a rodent model of ASD through a single prenatal administration of valproic acid (VPA) into pregnant rats, followed by cerebellar morphological studies of the offspring, focusing on the alterations of key cytoskeletal elements. The expression (Western blot) of α/β-tubulin and the major neuronal MT-associated proteins (MAP) such as MAP-Tau and MAP1B, MAP2, MAP6 (STOP) along with actin-crosslinking αII-spectrin and neurofilament light polypeptide (NF-L) was investigated. We found that maternal exposure to VPA induces a significant decrease in the protein levels of α/β-tubulin, MAP-Tau, MAP1B, MAP2, and αII-spectrin. Moreover, excessive MAP-Tau phosphorylation at (Ser396) along with key Tau-kinases activation was indicated. Immunohistochemical staining showed chromatolysis in the cerebellum of autistic-like rats and loss of Purkinje cells shedding light on one of the possible molecular mechanisms underpinning neuroplasticity alterations in the ASD brain.
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Yin L, Ma C, Hou S, Ma X. Methyltransferase-like (METTL)14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification modulates retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) activity by regulating the methylation of microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4773-4785. [PMID: 35139773 PMCID: PMC8973965 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2032968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of METTL14 is significantly reduced in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). To clarify the significance of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in RP, we examined phagocytosis, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution in a human RPE cell line, ARPE-19, following lentivirus-mediated knockdown of METTL14. Differentially expressed genes and changes in m6A level were evaluated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), respectively. The results showed that phagocytosis and proliferation were decreased whereas apoptosis was increased in RPE cells by METTL14 silencing. We found that METTL14 directly regulated m6A level and the expression of MAP2, as determined by RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, MeRIP quantitative PCR, and the RNA pull-down assay. Additionally, MAP2 could bind to neuronal differentiation (NEUROD)1, a pathogenic gene in RPE-associated diseases. A family member of the YTH domain, (YTHDF)2 was recognized as an m6A reader of MAP2 mRNA. MAP2 overexpression had the same effects as METTL14 knockdown in RPE cells. Thus, METTL14 regulates the expression of MAP2 via the modification of m6A, resulting in the dysregulation of NEUROD1 and pathologic changes in RPE cells. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting the m6A modification of MAP2 or the METTL14/YTHDF2/MAP2/NEUROD1 signaling axis may be effective in the treatment of RPE-associated ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Dalian, China.,Dalian Corneal Stem Cell Transplantation Engineering Research Center, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Dalian, China.,Dalian Corneal Stem Cell Transplantation Engineering Research Center, Dalian, China
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11
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Bay V, Iversen NK, Shiadeh SMJ, Tasker RA, Wegener G, Ardalan M. Tissue processing and optimal visualization of cerebral infarcts following sub-acute focal ischemia in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102034. [PMID: 34592321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion in an infarcted brain comes with predictable acute and chronic morphological alterations in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. An accurate delineation of the cerebral infarct is not a simple task due to the complex shapes and indistinct borders of the infarction. Thus, an exact macroscopic histological approach for infarct volume estimation can lead to faster and more reliable preclinical research results. This study investigated the effect(s) of confounding factors such as fixation and tissue embedding on the quality of macroscopic visualization of focal cerebral ischemia by anti-microtubule-associated-protein-2 antibody (MAP2) with conventional Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining serving as the control. The aim was to specify the most reliable macroscopic infarct size estimation method after sub-acute focal cerebral ischemia based on the qualitative investigation. Our results showed that the ischemic area on the MAP2-stained sections could be identified macroscopically on both cryo-preserved and paraffin-embedded sections from both immersion- and perfusion-fixed brains. The HE staining did not clearly depict an infarct area for macroscopic visualization. Therefore both immersion-fixed and perfused-fixed-MAP2 stained sections can be used reliably to quantify cerebral infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bay
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina K Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Andrew Tasker
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown PEI, Canada
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Pujadas L, Soriano E. The Hidden Side of NCAM Family: NCAM2, a Key Cytoskeleton Organization Molecule Regulating Multiple Neural Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10021. [PMID: 34576185 PMCID: PMC8471948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been over 20 years since Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2) was identified as the second member of the NCAM family with a high expression in the nervous system, the knowledge of NCAM2 is still eclipsed by NCAM1. The first studies with NCAM2 focused on the olfactory bulb, where this protein has a key role in axonal projection and axonal/dendritic compartmentalization. In contrast to NCAM1, NCAM2's functions and partners in the brain during development and adulthood have remained largely unknown until not long ago. Recent studies have revealed the importance of NCAM2 in nervous system development. NCAM2 governs neuronal morphogenesis and axodendritic architecture, and controls important neuron-specific processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and memory formation. In the adult brain, NCAM2 is highly expressed in dendritic spines, and it regulates synaptic plasticity and learning processes. NCAM2's functions are related to its ability to adapt to the external inputs of the cell and to modify the cytoskeleton accordingly. Different studies show that NCAM2 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeleton stability and proteins that regulate calcium influx, which could also modify the cytoskeleton. In this review, we examine the evidence that points to NCAM2 as a crucial cytoskeleton regulation protein during brain development and adulthood. This key function of NCAM2 may offer promising new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Mages B, Fuhs T, Aleithe S, Blietz A, Hobusch C, Härtig W, Schob S, Krueger M, Michalski D. The Cytoskeletal Elements MAP2 and NF-L Show Substantial Alterations in Different Stroke Models While Elevated Serum Levels Highlight Especially MAP2 as a Sensitive Biomarker in Stroke Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4051-4069. [PMID: 33931805 PMCID: PMC8280005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the setting of ischemic stroke, the neurofilament subunit NF-L and the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 have proven to be exceptionally ischemia-sensitive elements of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Since alterations of the cytoskeleton have been linked to the transition from reversible to irreversible tissue damage, the present study investigates underlying time- and region-specific alterations of NF-L and MAP2 in different animal models of focal cerebral ischemia. Although NF-L is increasingly established as a clinical stroke biomarker, MAP2 serum measurements after stroke are still lacking. Therefore, the present study further compares serum levels of MAP2 with NF-L in stroke patients. In the applied animal models, MAP2-related immunofluorescence intensities were decreased in ischemic areas, whereas the abundance of NF-L degradation products accounted for an increase of NF-L-related immunofluorescence intensity. Accordingly, Western blot analyses of ischemic areas revealed decreased protein levels of both MAP2 and NF-L. The cytoskeletal alterations are further reflected at an ultrastructural level as indicated by a significant reduction of detectable neurofilaments in cortical axons of ischemia-affected areas. Moreover, atomic force microscopy measurements confirmed altered mechanical properties as indicated by a decreased elastic strength in ischemia-affected tissue. In addition to the results from the animal models, stroke patients exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of MAP2, which increased with infarct size, whereas serum levels of NF-L did not differ significantly. Thus, MAP2 appears to be a more sensitive stroke biomarker than NF-L, especially for early neuronal damage. This perspective is strengthened by the results from the animal models, showing MAP2-related alterations at earlier time points compared to NF-L. The profound ischemia-induced alterations further qualify both cytoskeletal elements as promising targets for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Mages
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Fuhs
- Section of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Aleithe
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Hernaiz-Llorens M, Odena MA, Ulloa F, de Oliveira E, Bosch M, Pujadas L, Soriano E. New Partners Identified by Mass Spectrometry Assay Reveal Functions of NCAM2 in Neural Cytoskeleton Organization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147404. [PMID: 34299022 PMCID: PMC8304497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is a membrane protein with an important role in the morphological development of neurons. In the cortex and the hippocampus, NCAM2 is essential for proper neuronal differentiation, dendritic and axonal outgrowth and synapse formation. However, little is known about NCAM2 functional mechanisms and its interactive partners during brain development. Here we used mass spectrometry to study the molecular interactome of NCAM2 in the second postnatal week of the mouse cerebral cortex. We found that NCAM2 interacts with >100 proteins involved in numerous processes, including neuronal morphogenesis and synaptogenesis. We validated the most relevant interactors, including Neurofilaments (NEFs), Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), Calcium/calmodulin kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), Actin and Nogo. An in silico analysis of the cytosolic tail of the NCAM2.1 isoform revealed specific phosphorylation site motifs with a putative affinity for some of these interactors. Our results expand the knowledge of NCAM2 interactome and confirm the key role of NCAM2 in cytoskeleton organization, neuronal morphogenesis and synaptogenesis. These findings are of interest in explaining the phenotypes observed in different pathologies with alterations in the NCAM2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Neurosciences, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (M.H.-L.); (F.U.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Neurosciences, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (M.H.-L.); (F.U.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Hernaiz-Llorens
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Neurosciences, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (M.H.-L.); (F.U.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Odena
- Plataforma de Proteòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.O.); (E.d.O.)
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Neurosciences, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (M.H.-L.); (F.U.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliandre de Oliveira
- Plataforma de Proteòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.O.); (E.d.O.)
| | - Miquel Bosch
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Neurosciences, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (M.H.-L.); (F.U.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Neurosciences, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (M.H.-L.); (F.U.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (E.S.)
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Miri V, Asadi A, Sagha M, Najafzadeh N, Golmohammadi MG. Poly (L-lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffolds support the proliferation and neural differentiation of mouse neural stem and progenitor cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:438-447. [PMID: 33934403 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution and growth of cells on nanofibrous scaffolds seem to be an indispensable precondition in cell tissue engineering. The potential use of biomaterial scaffolds in neural stem cell therapy is increasingly attracting attention. AIM In this study, we produced porous nanofibrous scaffolds fabricated from random poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) to support neurogenic differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs), isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain. METHODS The viability and proliferation of the NSPCs on the nanofibrous PLLA scaffold were also tested by nuclear staining with 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To investigate the differentiation potential of NSPCs on the scaffolds, the cells were treated with a neurogenic differentiation medium, and immunostaining was done to detect neuronal and glial cells after 14 and 21 days of cultivation. Furthermore, the morphology of differentiated cells on the scaffold was examined using SEM. RESULTS The DAPI staining revealed the proliferation of NSPCs onto the surface of the nanofibrous PLLA scaffold. DAPI-positive cells were counted on days 2 and 5 after cultivation. The mean number of cells in each microscopic field was significantly (p < .05) increased (51 ± 19 on day 2 compared to 77 ± 25 cells on day 5). The results showed that the cell viability on PLLA scaffolds significantly increased compared to control groups. Moreover, cell viability was significantly increased 5 days after culturing (262.3 ± 50.2) as compared to 2 days culture in Vitro (174.2 ± 28.3, p < .05). Scanning electron micrographs also showed that the NSPCs adhered and differentiated on PLLA scaffolds. We found that the neural cell markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were expressed in NSPCs seeded on random PLLA scaffolds after 21 days of cultivation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PLLA nano-scaffolds, due to their biocompatible property, are an appropriate structure for the proliferation, differentiation, and normal growth of NSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Miri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sagha
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasem Golmohammadi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Doki C, Nishida K, Saito S, Shiga M, Ogara H, Kuramoto A, Kuragano M, Nozumi M, Igarashi M, Nakagawa H, Kotani S, Tokuraku K. Microtubule elongation along actin filaments induced by microtubule-associated protein 4 contributes to the formation of cellular protrusions. J Biochem 2021; 168:295-303. [PMID: 32289170 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-microtubule crosstalk is implicated in the formation of cellular protrusions, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined the regulation of cell protrusion involving a ubiquitously expressed microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 4, and its superfamily proteins, neuronal MAP2 and tau. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these MAPs bound to F-actin and microtubules simultaneously, and formed F-actin/microtubule hybrid bundles. The hybrid bundle-forming activity was in the order of MAP2 > MAP4 ≫ tau. Interestingly, the microtubule assembly-promoting activity of MAP4 and MAP2, but not of tau, was upregulated by their interaction with F-actin. When MAP4 was overexpressed in NG108-15 cells, the number of cell processes and maximum process length of each cell increased significantly by 28% and 30%, respectively. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that 95% of microtubules in cell processes colocalized with F-actin, and MAP4 was always found in their vicinity. These results suggest that microtubule elongation along F-actin induced by MAP4 contributes to the formation of cellular protrusions. Since MAP4, MAP2 and tau had different crosstalk activity between F-actin and microtubules, it is likely that the functional differentiation of these MAPs is a driving force for neural evolution, causing significant changes in cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Doki
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishida
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Shoma Saito
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shiga
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Hikari Ogara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kuramoto
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakagawa
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Susumu Kotani
- Department Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
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Sheikh AM, Yano S, Tabassum S, Omura K, Araki A, Mitaki S, Ito Y, Huang S, Nagai A. Alteration of Neural Stem Cell Functions in Ataxia and Male Sterility Mice: A Possible Role of β-Tubulin Glutamylation in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:155. [PMID: 33466875 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia and Male Sterility (AMS) is a mutant mouse strain that contains a missense mutation in the coding region of Nna1, a gene that encodes a deglutamylase. AMS mice exhibit early cerebellar Purkinje cell degeneration and an ataxic phenotype in an autosomal recessive manner. To understand the underlying mechanism, we generated neuronal stem cell (NSC) lines from wild-type (NMW7), Nna1 mutation heterozygous (NME), and Nna1 mutation homozygous (NMO1) mouse brains. The NNA1 levels were decreased, and the glutamylated tubulin levels were increased in NMO1 cultures as well as in the cerebellum of AMS mice at both 15 and 30 days of age. However, total β-tubulin protein levels were not altered in the AMS cerebellum. In NMO1 neurosphere cultures, β-tubulin protein levels were increased without changes at the transcriptional level. NMO1 grew faster than other NSC lines, and some of the neurospheres were attached to the plate after 3 days. Immunostaining revealed that SOX2 and nestin levels were decreased in NMO1 neurospheres and that the neuronal differentiation potentials were reduced in NMO1 cells compared to NME or NMW7 cells. These results demonstrate that the AMS mutation decreased the NNA1 levels and increased glutamylation in the cerebellum of AMS mice. The observed changes in glutamylation might alter NSC properties and the neuron maturation process, leading to Purkinje cell death in AMS mice.
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Hrstka SCL, Ankam S, Agac B, Klein JP, Moore RA, Narapureddy B, Schneider I, Hrstka RF, Dasari S, Staff NP. Proteomic analysis of human iPSC-derived sensory neurons implicates cell stress and microtubule dynamics dysfunction in bortezomib-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. Exp Neurol 2021; 335:113520. [PMID: 33129842 PMCID: PMC7750199 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib on dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons are well documented, yet the mechanistic underpinnings that govern these cellular processes remain incompletely understood. In this study, system-wide proteomic changes were identified in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (iSNs) exposed to a clinically relevant dose of bortezomib. Label-free mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of approximately 2800 iSN proteins that exhibited differential levels in the setting of bortezomib. A significant proportion of these proteins affect the cellular processes of microtubule dynamics, cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic organization, and molecular transport, and pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of proteins in signaling pathways attributable to the unfolded protein response and the integrated stress response. Alterations in microtubule-associated proteins suggest a multifaceted relationship exists between bortezomib-induced proteotoxicity and microtubule cytoskeletal architecture, and MAP2 was prioritized as a topmost influential candidate. We observed a significant reduction in the overall levels of MAP2c in somata without discernable changes in neurites. As MAP2 is known to affect cellular processes including axonogenesis, neurite extension and branching, and neurite morphology, its altered levels are suggestive of a prominent role in bortezomib-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybil C L Hrstka
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Soneela Ankam
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Busranur Agac
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Jon P Klein
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Raymond A Moore
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Bhavya Narapureddy
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Isabella Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Ronald F Hrstka
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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19
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Yang JR, Ren TT, Lan R, Qin XY. Tea polyphenols attenuate staurosporine-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by modulating BDNF-TrkB/Akt and Erk1/2 signaling axis in hippocampal neurons. IBRO Rep 2020; 8:115-121. [PMID: 32373755 PMCID: PMC7193097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) are the major ingredients in tea beverages that display health-benefits including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, attenuating blood pressure and deflating. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of TP to attenuate staurosporine (STS)-induced cytotoxicity. Rat hippocampal neurons were isolated, cultured and incubated with STS to induce neurite collapse and apoptosis, however, the medication of TP eliminated these adverse effects and maintained the morphology of neurons. STS decreased the expression of pro-BDNF, downregulated the TrkB/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling axis and promoted the activation of Erk1/2 and caspase-3. In contrast, TP rescued the expression of pro-BDNF and antagonistically restored the biochemistry of aforementioned signaling effectors. Consistently, the activity of TP can be attenuated by the inhibition of TrkB or Akt by small chemicals K252a and LY294002. Therefore, BDNF-TrkB and Akt signaling axis is essential for TP-mediated neuroprotective effects. In summary, TP showed beneficial effects to protect neurons from exogenous insults such as STS-induced neural cytotoxicity and cell death.
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Key Words
- EC, (-)-epicatechin
- ECG, (-)-epigallocatechin
- EGC, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate
- EGCG, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- Erk1/2
- K252a
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- LY, LY294002
- LY294002
- MAP2
- MAP2, microtubule associated protein 2
- PD98059
- STS, staurosporine
- Staurosporine
- TP, tea polyphenols
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Yang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Teng-Teng Ren
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Lan
- Department of Cell Biology & Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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20
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Liang S, Zheng Y, Lei L, Deng X, Ai J, Li Y, Zhang T, Mei Z, Ren Y. Corydalis edulis total alkaloids (CETA) ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in rat model of Alzheimer disease through regulation of the antioxidant stress and MAP2/NF-κB. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 251:112540. [PMID: 31917278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the morbidity of Alzheimer's disease in the world has become more and more serious. Therefore, it is an important means to find new drugs for treating AD from traditional medicines. It was found that Corydalis edulis Maxim. has a significant effect in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in traditional application. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of Corydalis edulis Maxim. total alkaloids (CETA) in AD model rats. METHODS In this work, CETA was prepared by alkali extraction and acid precipitation, 11 alkaloids were identified by UPLC-MS/MS from CETA. AD model rats induced with D-galactose (D-gal) for 7 weeks. In modeling, the different doses of CETA (5, 20 mg/kg/Day) were continuously administered. Firstly, the change of the cognitive function, behavior, brain tissue pathology, and the activity of ROS, MDA, SOD, IL-1β, TNF-α and CAT in rat hippocampal homogenate was measurement. Finally, the protein expression of Aβ, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and nuclear factor (κBp65) in rat brain was measurement. RESULT CETA was found to have the activity in regulating AD. Compared with the normal control group, the levels of SOD and CAT in the hippocampus of the AD model group were decreased, and the level of ROS, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α was increased. The protein expression of Aβ, and NF-κB were increased, and MAP2 were decreased. After treatment by CETA, the levels of SOD and CAT in hippocampus of AD model rats was significantly increased, ROS, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased. The protein expression of Aβ, and NF-κB were decreased, and MAP2 were increased. CONCLUSION CETA can improve the learning and memory ability in AD model. The mechanism may be achieved by regulating the oxidative stress and inflammatory of AD rats, inhibiting the protein expression levels of Aβ, and NF-κB, and promote the protein expression the levels of MAP2. Among them, 5 mg/kg is more effective than 20 mg/kg of CETA. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of CETA has been confirmed by our research, which may be a valuable drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiao Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianpei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongshen Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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21
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Kim Y, Jang YN, Kim JY, Kim N, Noh S, Kim H, Queenan BN, Bellmore R, Mun JY, Park H, Rah JC, Pak DTS, Lee KJ. Microtubule-associated protein 2 mediates induction of long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons. FASEB J 2020; 34:6965-6983. [PMID: 32237183 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902122rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2 has been perceived as a static cytoskeletal protein enriched in neuronal dendritic shafts. Emerging evidence indicates dynamic functions for various MAPs in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. However, it is unclear how MAP2 is associated with synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that specific silencing of high-molecular-weight MAP2 in vivo abolished induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer collateral pathway of CA1 pyramidal neurons and in vitro blocked LTP-induced surface delivery of AMPA receptors and spine enlargement. In mature hippocampal neurons, we observed rapid translocation of a subpopulation of MAP2, present in dendritic shafts, to spines following LTP stimulation. Time-lapse confocal imaging showed that spine translocation of MAP2 was coupled with LTP-induced spine enlargement. Consistently, immunogold electron microscopy revealed that LTP stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway promoted MAP2 labeling in spine heads of CA1 neurons. This translocation depended on NMDA receptor activation and Ras-MAPK signaling. Furthermore, LTP stimulation led to an increase in surface-expressed AMPA receptors specifically in the neurons with MAP2 spine translocation. Altogether, this study indicates a novel role for MAP2 in LTP mechanisms and suggests that MAP2 participates in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in mature hippocampal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonju Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Basic Science Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Na Jang
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Basic Science Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Center for Cortical Processing, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Noh
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Basic Science Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Kim
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bridget N Queenan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Interdisciplinary Program of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan Bellmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Interdisciplinary Program of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Basic Science Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Park
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Rah
- Center for Cortical Processing, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel T S Pak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Interdisciplinary Program of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Basic Science Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Center for Cortical Processing, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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22
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Shalavadi MH, Chandrashekhar VM, Muchchandi IS. Neuroprotective effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in oxidative stress model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and assessment of MAP2 in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112393. [PMID: 31743764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy commonly known as Shankhapushpi, is traditionally prescribed for nerve debility, loss of memory, epilepsy and as nervine tonic. Plant also proved to have diverse pharmacological activity but the neuroprotection in ischemic stroke were not found. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis against bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) occlusion induced cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis against bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) occlusion induced cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/S) injury. Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex (200-250 g) were divided into nine groups of 8 rats each. Sham and control group, saline treated 10 ml/kg orally. Third group treated with Quercetin 25 mg/kg orally and fourth to ninth groups treated with chloroform and ethanol extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively. Control, Quercetin and extract treated groups underwent 30 min BCCA occlusion and 24 h reperfusion on 10th day but sham underwent same surgery without BCCA occlusion and 24 h reperfusion on 10th day. The antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels were estimated by UV spectroscopic method and cerebral infarction area, Blood brain barrier disruption, microtubule-associated protein 2 immunohistochemical and histopathological studies were carried out. RESULTS The results of the study indicate that the chloroform and ethanol extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis showed neuroprotective activity by a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), catalase (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), glutathione (p < 0.001), and total thiol (p < 0.001) levels in extract-treated groups as compared to control group. Measurement of cerebral infarction area, blood brain barrier disruption, microtubule-associated protein 2 immunohistochemical and histopathological studies further supported the protective effect of the extract. CONCLUSIONS Present study revile that Convolvulus pluricaulis has potent neuroprotection against bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) occlusion induced cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallappa H Shalavadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, B.V.V.S Campus, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
| | - V M Chandrashekhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, B.V.V.S Campus, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - I S Muchchandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, B.V.V.S Campus, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
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23
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Monroy BY, Tan TC, Oclaman JM, Han JS, Simó S, Niwa S, Nowakowski DW, McKenney RJ, Ori-McKenney KM. A Combinatorial MAP Code Dictates Polarized Microtubule Transport. Dev Cell 2020; 53:60-72.e4. [PMID: 32109385 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic cells distribute their intracellular components asymmetrically through regulated active transport driven by molecular motors along microtubule tracks. While intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of motor activity exists, what governs the overall distribution of activated motor-cargo complexes within cells remains unclear. Here, we utilize in vitro reconstitution of purified motor proteins and non-enzymatic microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to demonstrate that MAPs exhibit distinct influences on the motility of the three main classes of transport motors: kinesin-1, kinesin-3, and cytoplasmic dynein. Further, we dissect how combinations of MAPs affect motors and unveil MAP9 as a positive modulator of kinesin-3 motility. From these data, we propose a general "MAP code" that has the capacity to strongly bias directed movement along microtubules and helps elucidate the intricate intracellular sorting observed in highly polarized cells such as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Y Monroy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tracy C Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Janah May Oclaman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jisoo S Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | | | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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24
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Parcerisas A, Pujadas L, Ortega-Gascó A, Perelló-Amorós B, Viais R, Hino K, Figueiro-Silva J, La Torre A, Trullás R, Simó S, Lüders J, Soriano E. NCAM2 Regulates Dendritic and Axonal Differentiation through the Cytoskeletal Proteins MAP2 and 14-3-3. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3781-3799. [PMID: 32043120 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is involved in the development and plasticity of the olfactory system. Genetic data have implicated the NCAM2 gene in neurodevelopmental disorders including Down syndrome and autism, although its role in cortical development is unknown. Here, we show that while overexpression of NCAM2 in hippocampal neurons leads to minor alterations, its downregulation severely compromises dendritic architecture, leading to an aberrant phenotype including shorter dendritic trees, retraction of dendrites, and emergence of numerous somatic neurites. Further, our data reveal alterations in the axonal tree and deficits in neuronal polarization. In vivo studies confirm the phenotype and reveal an unexpected role for NCAM2 in cortical migration. Proteomic and cell biology experiments show that NCAM2 molecules exert their functions through a protein complex with the cytoskeletal-associated proteins MAP2 and 14-3-3γ and ζ. We provide evidence that NCAM2 depletion results in destabilization of the microtubular network and reduced MAP2 signal. Our results demonstrate a role for NCAM2 in dendritic formation and maintenance, and in neural polarization and migration, through interaction of NCAM2 with microtubule-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartomeu Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Viais
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joana Figueiro-Silva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ramón Trullás
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Academia, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Wegrzyn D, Wegrzyn C, Tedford K, Fischer KD, Faissner A. Deletion of the Nucleotide Exchange Factor Vav3 Enhances Axonal Complexity and Synapse Formation but Tampers Activity of Hippocampal Neuronal Networks In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030856. [PMID: 32013053 PMCID: PMC7037001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav proteins activate GTPases of the RhoA subfamily that regulate the cytoskeleton and are involved in adhesion, migration, differentiation, polarity and the cell cycle. While the importance of RhoA GTPases for neuronal morphology is undisputed, their regulation is less well understood. In this perspective, we studied the consequences of the deletion of Vav2, Vav3 and Vav2 and 3 (Vav2-/-, Vav3-/-, Vav2-/-/3-/-) for the development of embryonic hippocampal neurons in vitro. Using an indirect co-culture system of hippocampal neurons with primary wild-type (WT) cortical astrocytes, we analysed axonal and dendritic parameters, structural synapse numbers and the spontaneous network activity via immunocytochemistry and multielectrode array analysis (MEA). Here, we observed a higher process complexity in Vav3-/-, but not in Vav2-/- neurons after three and five days in vitro (DIV). Furthermore, an enhanced synapse formation was observed in Vav3-/- after 14 days in culture. Remarkably, Vav2-/-/3-/- double knockout neurons did not display synergistic effects. Interestingly, these differences were transient and compensated after a cultivation period of 21 days. Network analysis revealed a diminished number of spontaneously occurring action potentials in Vav3-/- neurons after 21 DIV. Based on these results, it appears that Vav3 participates in key events of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wegrzyn
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 150, Ruhr-University, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (D.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Christine Wegrzyn
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 150, Ruhr-University, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (D.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, OVGU University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (K.T.); (K.-D.F.)
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, OVGU University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (K.T.); (K.-D.F.)
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 150, Ruhr-University, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (D.W.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-3223851
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26
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Abstract
Retinoic acid can cause many types of cells, including mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells, to differentiate into neurons. However, it is still unknown whether microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in this neuronal differentiation. To address this issue, real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect the expression of several differentiation-related miRNAs during the differentiation of retinoic acid-treated Neuro-2A cells. The results revealed that miR-124 and miR-9 were upregulated, while miR-125b was downregulated in retinoic acid-treated Neuro-2A cells. To identify the miRNA that may play a key role, miR-124 expression was regulated by transfection of miRNA mimics or inhibitors. Morphological analysis results showed that inhibition of miR-124 expression reversed the effects of retinoic acid on neurite outgrowth. Moreover, miR-124 overexpression alone caused Neuro-2A cells to differentiate into neurons, and its inhibitor could block this effect. These results suggest that miR-124 plays an important role in retinoic acid-induced differentiation of Neuro-2A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun You
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Han
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rou Pi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jie Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Liu G, Thangavel R, Rysted J, Kim Y, Francis MB, Adams E, Lin Z, Taugher RJ, Wemmie JA, Usachev YM, Lee G. Loss of tau and Fyn reduces compensatory effects of MAP2 for tau and reveals a Fyn-independent effect of tau on calcium. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1393-1413. [PMID: 31452242 PMCID: PMC6850396 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau associates with Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn and is tyrosine phosphorylated by Fyn. The presence of tyrosine phosphorylated tau in AD and the involvement of Fyn in AD has drawn attention to the tau-Fyn complex. In this study, a tau-Fyn double knockout (DKO) mouse was generated to investigate the role of the complex. DKO mice resembled Fyn KO in novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning tasks and resembled tau KO mice in the pole test and protection from pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. In glutamate-induced Ca2+ response, Fyn KO was decreased relative to WT and DKO had a greater reduction relative to Fyn KO, suggesting that tau may have a Fyn-independent role. Since tau KO resembled WT in its Ca2+ response, we investigated whether microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) served to compensate for tau, since the MAP2 level was increased in tau KO but decreased in DKO mice. We found that like tau, MAP2 increased Fyn activity. Moreover, tau KO neurons had increased density of dendritic MAP2-Fyn complexes relative to WT neurons. Therefore, we hypothesize that in the tau KO, the absence of tau would be compensated by MAP2, especially in the dendrites, where tau-Fyn complexes are of critical importance. In the DKO, decreased levels of MAP2 made compensation more difficult, thus revealing the effect of tau in the Ca2+ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Rysted
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meghan B Francis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rebecca J Taugher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yuriy M Usachev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gloria Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Shi S, Yin HJ, Li J, Wang L, Wang WP, Wang XL. Studies of pathology and pharmacology of diabetic encephalopathy with KK-Ay mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:332-342. [PMID: 31401815 PMCID: PMC7052806 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is not completely understood until now. The purposes of this study were to illustrate the changes in morphology, function, and important transporters in neurons and glia during DE, as well as to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of medicines and the diet control on DE. Methods Spontaneous obese KK‐Ay mice were used to investigate diabetes‐induced cognitive disorder, the morphology, function, and protein expression changes in impact animal and the cell level studies. The new drug candidate PHPB, donepezil, and low‐fat food were used to observe the therapeutic effects. Results KK‐Ay mice at 5 months of age showed typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and appeared significant cognitive deficits. Morphological study showed microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression was increased in hippocampal neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression decreased in astrocytes. Meanwhile, the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) expression was increased and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) decreased, and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was also reduced in KK‐Ay mice. Microglia were activated, and IL‐1β and TNF‐α were increased obviously in the brains of the KK‐Ay mice. Most of the above changes in the KK‐Ay mice at 5 months of age could be relieved by diet intervention (DR) or by treatment of donepezil or new drug candidate PHPB. Conclusion KK‐Ay mouse is a useful animal model for studying DE. The alterations of morphology, structure, and function of astrocyte and microglia in KK‐Ay mice might be rescued by DR and by treatment of medicine. The proteins we reported in this study could be used as biomarkers and the potential drug targets for DE study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jing Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Winokurow N, Schumacher S. A role for polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 in neural progenitor cell differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2851-2869. [PMID: 30895336 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2) are transmembrane proteins encoded by the Pkd1 and Pkd2 genes, respectively. Mutations in these genes are causative for the development of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. A prominent feature of this disease is an unbalanced cell proliferation. PC1 and PC2 physically interact to form a complex, which localizes to the primary cilia of renal epithelial cells. Recently, PC1 and PC2 have also been described to be present in primary cilia of radial glial cells (RGCs) and to contribute to the planar cell polarity of late RGCs and E1 ependymal cells. As neural progenitor cells (NPCs), early RGCs have to balance proliferation for expansion, or for self-renewal and differentiation to generate neurons. It is not known whether the polycystins play a role in this process. Here, we show that PC1 and PC2 are expressed in RGCs of the developing mouse cerebral cortex during neurogenesis. Loss-of-function analysis and cell-based assays reveal that a reduction of PC1 or PC2 expression leads to increased NPC proliferation, while the differentiation to neurons becomes impaired. The increased NPC proliferation is preceded by enhanced Notch signaling and accompanied by a rise in the number of symmetric cell divisions. The transcription factor STAT3 seems to be mechanistically important for polycystin signaling in NPCs as either STAT3 knockdown or inhibition of STAT3 function abrogates the increased proliferation driven by reduced polycystin expression. Our findings indicate that PC1 and PC2 are critical for maintaining a balance between proliferation and differentiation of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Winokurow
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Abstract
A 15-y-old neutered male domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a 16-d history of hindlimb paralysis in conjunction with 1-wk duration of inappetence and lethargy. Given intractable clinical signs, development of seizures, and poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Gross examination revealed mild, chronic, multifocal intervertebral disk disease; however, no gross abnormalities were noted in the spinal cord. Histologic examination of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord and the myelencephalon revealed diffuse and variable expansion of the meninges by sheets of neoplastic round-to-polygonal cells. The cells formed sheets and clusters, supported by a variably eosinophilic, fibrillar-to-basophilic, homogeneous matrix, and contained a small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round with finely stippled to hyperchromatic chromatin and 1-2 small nucleoli. Mild white matter degeneration was present in the dorsal and ventral funiculi multifocally throughout the spinal cord, but was most severe in the ventral lumbar sections. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong intranuclear immunoreactivity for Olig2, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, MAP2, and vimentin in the neoplastic glial cells. To our knowledge, primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis has not been reported previously in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Zoll
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
| | - Carston Bandt
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
| | - Jeffrey R Abbott
- Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Zoll).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Miller).,Canada West Veterinary Specialists, ECC, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Bandt).,Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Abbott)
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Ge Y, Chen L, Sun X, Yin Z, Song X, Li C, Liu J, An Z, Yang X, Ning H. Lead-induced changes of cytoskeletal protein is involved in the pathological basis in mice brain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11746-11753. [PMID: 29442309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning is a geochemical disease. On the other hand, lead is highly carcinogenic and exhibits liver and kidney toxicity. This element can also cross the blood-brain barrier, reduce learning and memory ability and damage the structure of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. To further investigate the mechanism of lead neurotoxicity, 4-week-old Kunming mice were used to explore the effects of different concentrations of Pb2+ (0, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 mM) for 9 days. In this study, pathological and ultrastructural changes in brain cells of the treated group were related to damages to mitochondria, chromatin and the nucleus. Lead content in blood was tested by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which showed high lead concentrations in the blood with increasing doses of lead. Distribution of lead in nerve cells was analysed by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Data showed the presence of lead in nucleopores, chromatin and nuclear membrane of nerve cells in the treatment groups, whereas lead content increased with increasing doses of lead acetate. Finally, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, which showed a reduction in MAP2 expression with increasing lead doses in the mouse brain. These findings suggest that acute lead poisoning can cause significant dose-dependent toxic effects on mouse brain function and can contribute to better understanding of lead-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xianghe Sun
- Nanle Buteau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Puyang, 457400, China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaochao Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhixing An
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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32
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Westphal DS, Andres S, Makowski C, Meitinger T, Hoefele J. MAP2 - A Candidate Gene for Epilepsy, Developmental Delay and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Patient With Microdeletion 2q34. Front Genet 2018; 9:99. [PMID: 29632546 PMCID: PMC5879085 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Microdeletions in the chromosomal region 2q34 and its neighboring regions lead to a phenotypic spectrum including autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Up to now, only few affected patients have been reported. Therefore, the genetic pathogenesis is not completely understood. One of the most discussed candidate genes in this context is MAP2, a gene responsible for microtubule polymerization and neurite outgrowth. Materials and Methods: We present a 4.5-year-old male patient with epilepsy, mild developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. SNP-Array analysis was performed to search for pathogenic copy number variations. Results: SNP-Array analysis revealed a 1.5 Mb de novo microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 2 (2q34). The identified microdeletion included the candidate genes UNC80, LANCL1, and most importantly MAP2. Discussion: The reported microdeletion identified in this patient is the smallest one described in the literature so far spanning MAP2 next to UNC80 and LANCL1. In this context MAP2 is the most important candidate gene concerning neuronal development and its function should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Westphal
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Andres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Makowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Monroy-Gómez J, Santamaría G, Torres-Fernández O. Overexpression of MAP2 and NF-H Associated with Dendritic Pathology in the Spinal Cord of Mice Infected with Rabies Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:E112. [PMID: 29509660 DOI: 10.3390/v10030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a viral infection that targets the nervous system, specifically neurons. The clinical manifestations of the disease are dramatic and their outcome fatal; paradoxically, conventional histopathological descriptions reveal only subtle changes in the affected nervous tissue. Some researchers have considered that the pathophysiology of rabies is based more on biochemical changes than on structural alterations, as is the case with some psychiatric diseases. However, we believe that it has been necessary to resort to other methods that allow us to analyze the effect of the infection on neurons. The Golgi technique is the gold standard for studying the morphology of all the components of a neuron and the cytoskeletal proteins are the structural support of dendrites and axons. We have previously shown, in the mouse cerebral cortex and now with this work in spinal cord, that rabies virus generates remarkable alterations in the morphological pattern of the neurons and that this effect is associated with the increase in the expression of two cytoskeletal proteins (MAP2 and NF-H). It is necessary to deepen the investigation of the pathogenesis of rabies in order to find therapeutic alternatives to a disease to which the World Health Organization classifies as a neglected disease.
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Zykin PA, Moiseenko IA, Tkachenko LA, Nasyrov RA, Tsvetkov EA, Krasnoshchekova EI. Peculiarities of Cyto- and Chemoarchitectonics of Human Entorhinal Cortex during the Fetal Period. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:497-501. [PMID: 29504096 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied peculiarities of the structure of human entorhinal cortex at weeks 20-26 of gestation (10 hemispheres). The samples were Nissl-stained and immunohistochemically treated with antibodies to parvalbumin, calretinin, calbindin, and cytoskeleton proteins (MAP2 and N200). 3D-reconstruction of the entorhinal cortex from serial sections was performed, caudomedial and rostrolateral areas were isolated. Parvalbumin+ cells in layer I, discrete distribution of layer II cells with colocalization of MAP2 and calretinin at the border with layer I, and two sublayers Va and Vb with MAP2+ neurons were typical for the caudomedial area. Rostrolateral area was characterized by the homogenous layer II with big amount of cells, high density of MAP2+ neurons only in layer III, and the unique layer V. Reelin+ Cajal-Retzius cells and N200+ fiber plexus in layer I were observed in the caudomedial and rostrolateral areas of the entorhial cortex. Layer IV was represented by a cell-free desiccant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Zykin
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - I A Moiseenko
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Tkachenko
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R A Nasyrov
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Tsvetkov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Yi R, Feng J, Yang S, Huang X, Liao Y, Hu Z, Luo M. miR-484/ MAP2/c-Myc-positive regulatory loop in glioma promotes tumor-initiating properties through ERK1/2 signaling. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:209-18. [PMID: 29480405 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and are closely related to cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of miR-484 on glioma stemness and the underlying mechanism involved. miR-484 enhanced glioma tumor-initiating properties in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, miR-484 was shown to directly target MAP2, resulting in activation of ERK1/2 signaling and promotion of stemness in glioma. The ERK1/2 signaling facilitated the formation of a miR-484/MAP2/c-Myc positive feedback loop in glioma. High miR-484 expression predicted a poor prognosis for glioma patients, and high MAP2 expression predicted a good prognosis for glioma patients. Low miR-484 expression and high MAP2 expression was associated with the best prognosis in glioma. Our study suggests that miR-484 and MAP2 can be utilized as predictors for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of glioma, and miR-484 and MAP2 are potential targets for the treatment of glioma.
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36
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Chen L, Ning H, Yin Z, Song X, Feng Y, Qin H, Li Y, Wang J, Ge Y, Wang W. The effects of fluoride on neuronal function occurs via cytoskeleton damage and decreased signal transmission. Chemosphere 2017; 185:589-594. [PMID: 28719878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that fluoride exposure may cause serious public health problems, particularly neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study used Neuro-2A cells to investigate the effects of fluoride on the cytoskeleton. The Neuro-2A cells were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) for 24 h. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were examined. It was observed that exposure to NaF reduced cell viability, disrupted cellular membrane integrity, and high levels of LDH were released. The observed changes occurred in a dose response manner. Morphologic observations showed that cell became rounded and were loosely adherent following exposure to NaF. Axon spines and normal features disappeared with high dose NaF treatment. The expression of MAP2 and synaptophysin decreased, particularly at 4 mM and 6 mM (P < 0.05) for MAP2. These results corroborate the morphologic observations. The content of glutamate and NMDAR (glutamate receptor) protein were assessed to help understand the relationship between synapses and neurotransmitter release using ELISA and Western-blot. Compared with the control, glutamate and NMDAR expression declined significantly at 4 mM and 6 mM (P < 0.05) group. Finally, the ultrastructural changes observed with increasing doses of NaF were: disappearance of synapses, mitochondrial agglutination, vacuole formation, and cellular edema. Taken together, NaF exposure disrupted cellular integrity and suppressed the release of neurotransmitters, thus effecting neuronal function. These findings provide deeper insights into roles of NaF in neuron damage, which could contribute to a better understanding of fluoride-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Chen
- Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Zhihong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaochao Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yongchao Feng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hao Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yaming Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Wenkui Wang
- Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Lana D, Ugolini F, Nosi D, Wenk GL, Giovannini MG. Alterations in the Interplay between Neurons, Astrocytes and Microglia in the Rat Dentate Gyrus in Experimental Models of Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:296. [PMID: 28955220 PMCID: PMC5601988 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is negatively affected by aging and neurodegenerative diseases leading to impaired learning and memory abilities. A diverse series of progressive modifications in the intercellular communication among neurons, astrocytes and microglia occur in the hippocampus during aging or inflammation. A detailed understanding of the neurobiological modifications that contribute to hippocampal dysfunction may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. The current study focussed on the interplay between neurons and astroglia in the Granule Layer (GL) and the Polymorphic Layer (PL) of the Dentate Gyrus (DG) of adult, aged and LPS-treated rats. In GL and PL of aged and LPS-treated rats, astrocytes were less numerous than in adult rats. In GL of LPS-treated rats, astrocytes acquired morphological features of reactive astrocytes, such as longer branches than was observed in adult rats. Total and activated microglia increased in the aged and LPS-treated rats, as compared to adult rats. In the GL of aged and LPS-treated rats many neurons were apoptotic. Neurons decreased significantly in GL and PL of aged but not in rats treated with LPS. In PL of aged and LPS-treated rats many damaged neurons were embraced by microglia cells and were infiltrated by branches of astrocyte, which appeared to be bisecting the cell body, forming triads. Reactive microglia had a scavenging activity of dying neurons, as shown by the presence of neuronal debris within their cytoplasm. The levels of the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) increased in hippocampal homogenates of aged rats and rats treated with LPS, and CX3CL1 immunoreactivity colocalized with activated microglia cells. Here we demonstrated that in the DG of aged and LPS-treated rats, astrocytes and microglia cooperate and participate in phagocytosis/phagoptosis of apoptotic granular neurons. The differential expression/activation of astroglia and the alteration of their intercommunication may be responsible for the different susceptibility of the DG in comparison to the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas to neurodegeneration during aging and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Clinical Oncology, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Filippo Ugolini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Clinical Oncology, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Gary L Wenk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, United States
| | - Maria G Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Clinical Oncology, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
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Gumy LF, Katrukha EA, Grigoriev I, Jaarsma D, Kapitein LC, Akhmanova A, Hoogenraad CC. MAP2 Defines a Pre-axonal Filtering Zone to Regulate KIF1- versus KIF5-Dependent Cargo Transport in Sensory Neurons. Neuron 2017; 94:347-362.e7. [PMID: 28426968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polarized cargo transport is essential for neuronal function. However, the minimal basic components required for selective cargo sorting and distribution in neurons remain elusive. We found that in sensory neurons the axon initial segment is largely absent and that microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) defines the cargo-filtering zone in the proximal axon. Here, MAP2 directs axonal cargo entry by coordinating the activities of molecular motors. We show that distinct kinesins differentially regulate cargo velocity: kinesin-3 drives fast axonal cargo trafficking, while kinesin-1 slows down axonal cargo transport. MAP2 inhibits "slow" kinesin-1 motor activity and allows kinesin-3 to drive robust cargo transport from the soma into the axon. In the distal axon, the inhibitory action of MAP2 decreases, leading to regained kinesin-1 activity and vesicle distribution. We propose that selective axonal cargo trafficking requires the MAP2-defined pre-axonal filtering zone and the ability of cargos to switch between distinct kinesin motor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Gumy
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Xie C, Miyasaka T. The Role of the Carboxyl-Terminal Sequence of Tau and MAP2 in the Pathogenesis of Dementia. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:158. [PMID: 28082867 PMCID: PMC5186789 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia includes several diseases characterized by acquired and irreversible brain dysfunctions that interfere with daily life. According to the etiology, dementia can be induced by poisoning or metabolic disorders, and other cases of dementia have a clear pathogenesis. However, half of neurodegenerative diseases have an unclear pathogenesis and etiology. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Lewy body dementia and frontal-temporal dementia are the three most common types of dementia. These neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the appearance of the following specific protein inclusions: amyloid beta and tau in AD; α-synuclein in Lewy body dementia; and tau, TDP-43, or FUS in frontal-temporal dementia. Thus far, studies on the pathogenesis of dementia mainly focus aberrant inclusions formed by the aforementioned proteins. As a historically heavily studied protein tau is likely to be associated with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia. The role of tau in neurodegeneration has been unknown for many years. However, both pathological and genetic analyses have helped tau become gradually recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of tauopathy. Currently, especially in the field of AD, tau is attracting more attention and is being considered a potential target for drug development. In this review article, previously discovered biochemical and pathological features of tau are highlighted, and current opinions regarding the neurotoxicity of tau are summarized. Additionally, we introduce key amino acid sequences responsible for tau neurotoxicity from our studies using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, a new hypothesis regarding the roles of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and tau in the pathogenesis of tauopathy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Xie
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China; Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha UniversityKyotanabe, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyasaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University Kyotanabe, Japan
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Fernández‐Nogales M, Santos‐Galindo M, Hernández IH, Cabrera JR, Lucas JJ. Faulty splicing and cytoskeleton abnormalities in Huntington's disease. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:772-778. [PMID: 27529534 PMCID: PMC8028924 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a CAG-repeat encoding a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the huntingtin protein. There is plenty of evidence of polyQ-driven toxicity. However, CAG repeat RNA-driven alteration of splicing has recently been proposed in analogy to CUG-repeat diseases. Here we review the reported alteration of the CAG-repeat associated splicing factor SRSF6 in brains of HD patients and mouse models and how this correlates with altered splicing of, at least, two microtubule-associated proteins in HD, namely MAPT (tau) and MAP2. Regarding tau, altered splicing of exon 10 has been reported, along with increased levels and 4R/3R-tau ratio and detection of tau in a new nuclear rod-shaped histopathological hallmark termed tau nuclear rod (TNR) or tau nuclear indentation (TNI). These findings, together with an attenuation of HD phenotype in R6/1 mice with tau deficiency and subsequent studies showing increased phosphorylation in mouse models and increased levels in CSF of patients, has led to proposing HD as a tauopathy. Regarding MAP2, an increase in its juvenile form and a decrease in total MAP2 together with redistribution from dendrites to soma is observed in HD patients, which may contribute to the dendritic atrophy in HD. Furthermore, MAP2 positive structures filling nuclear indentations have occasionally been found and co-localized with tau. Therefore, altered MAP function with imbalance in tau/MAP2 content could contribute to HD striatal atrophy and dysfunction. Besides, TNIs might be indicative of such MAP abnormalities. TNIs are also found in early pathology Alzheimer's disease and in tauopathy mice over-expressing mutant 4R-tau. This indicates that tau alteration is sufficient for TNI detection, which becomes a marker of increased total tau and/or altered 4R/3R-tau ratio and reporter of pathology-associated nuclear indentations. Altogether, these recent studies suggest that correcting the SRSF6-driven missplicing and/or microtubule-associated imbalance might be of therapeutic value in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández‐Nogales
- Center for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO) CSIC/UAMMadrid28049Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIINetworking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Spain
- Present address:
Present address: Marta Fernández‐Nogales, CSIC/University of Miguel HernándezInstituto De Neurociencias De Alicante (INA)AlicanteSpain
| | - María Santos‐Galindo
- Center for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO) CSIC/UAMMadrid28049Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIINetworking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Spain
| | - Ivó H. Hernández
- Center for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO) CSIC/UAMMadrid28049Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIINetworking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Spain
| | - Jorge R. Cabrera
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDartmouth CollegeLebanonNH
| | - José J. Lucas
- Center for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO) CSIC/UAMMadrid28049Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIINetworking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Spain
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Thiere M, Kliche S, Müller B, Teuber J, Nold I, Stork O. Integrin Activation Through the Hematopoietic Adapter Molecule ADAP Regulates Dendritic Development of Hippocampal Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:91. [PMID: 27746719 PMCID: PMC5044701 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and signaling is of critical importance for neuronal differentiation. Recent evidence suggests that an “inside-out” activation of β1-integrin, similar to that observed in hematopoietic cells, contributes to the growth and branching of dendrites. In this study, we investigated the role of the hematopoietic adaptor protein adhesion and degranulation promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in these processes. We demonstrate the expression of ADAP in the developing and adult nervous hippocampus, and in outgrowing dendrites of primary hippocampal neurons. We further show that ADAP occurs in a complex with another adaptor protein signal-transducing kinase-associated phosphoprotein-homolog (SKAP-HOM), with the Rap1 effector protein RAPL and the Hippo kinase macrophage-stimulating 1 (MST1), resembling an ADAP/SKAP module that has been previously described in T-cells and is critically involved in “inside-out” activation of integrins. Knock down of ADAP resulted in reduced expression of activated β1-integrin on dendrites. It furthermore reduced the differentiation of developing neurons, as indicated by reduced dendrite growth and decreased expression of the dendritic marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Our data suggest that an ADAP-dependent integrin-activation similar to that described in hematopoietic cells contributes to the differentiation of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Thiere
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Müller
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Teuber
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Nold
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesMagdeburg, Germany
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42
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Smith FL, Davis RL. Organ of Corti explants direct tonotopically graded morphology of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2182-207. [PMID: 26663318 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The spiral ganglion is a compelling model system to examine how morphological form contributes to sensory function. While the ganglion is composed mainly of a single class of type I neurons that make simple one-to-one connections with inner hair cell sensory receptors, it has an elaborate overall morphological design. Specific features, such as soma size and axon outgrowth, are graded along the spiral contour of the cochlea. To begin to understand the interplay between different regulators of neuronal morphology, we cocultured neuron explants with peripheral target tissues removed from distinct cochlear locations. Interestingly, these "hair cell microisolates" were capable of both increasing and decreasing neuronal somata size, without adversely affecting survival. Moreover, axon characteristics elaborated de novo by the primary afferents in culture were systematically regulated by the sensory endorgan. Apparent peripheral nervous system (PNS)-like and central nervous system (CNS)-like axonal profiles were established in our cocultures allowing an analysis of putative PNS/CNS axon length ratios. As predicted from the in vivo organization, PNS-like axon bundles elaborated by apical cocultures were longer than their basal counterparts and this phenotype was methodically altered when neuron explants were cocultured with microisolates from disparate cochlear regions. Thus, location-dependent signals within the organ of Corti may set the "address" of neurons within the spiral ganglion, allowing them to elaborate the appropriate tonotopically associated morphological features in order to carry out their signaling function. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2182-2207, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia L Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robin L Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
Dendritic alteration of striatal medium spiny neurons is one of the earliest morphological abnormalities in Huntington's disease (HD). The main microtubule-associated protein in dendrites is MAP2. The low-molecular weight isoforms of MAP2 (LMW-MAP2) are the juvenile forms resulting from exclusion of the sequence encoded by exons E7-E9 and are downregulated after the early stages of neuronal development when E7-E9 exon-including high-molecular weight isoforms (HMW-MAP2) are favored. Splicing alteration has recently been proposed to contribute to HD in view of two pathogenic missplicing events resulting in a highly toxic N-terminal version of mutant huntingtin and in a detrimental imbalance in MAP Tau isoforms with three or four tubulin-binding repeats. Both splicing events are postulated targets of the SR splicing factor SRSF6 which has recently been reported to be dramatically altered in HD. SR proteins often regulate functionally related sets of genes and SRSF6 targets are enriched in genes involved in brain organogenesis including several actin-and tubulin-binding proteins. Here we hypothesized that MAP2 might be target of SRSF6 and altered in HD. By SRSF6 knockdown in neuroblastoma cells, we demonstrate that splicing of MAP2 E7-E9 exons is affected by SRSF6. We then show a disbalance in LMW and HMW MAP2 mRNA isoforms in HD striatum in favor of the juvenile LMW forms together with a decrease in total MAP2 mRNA. This is accompanied by a global decrease in total MAP2 protein due to almost total disappearance of HMW-MAP2 isoforms with preservation of LMW-MAP2 isoforms. Accordingly, the predominant dendritic MAP2 staining in striatal neuropil of control subjects is absent in HD cases. In these, MAP2-immunoreactivity is faint and restricted to neuronal cell bodies often showing a sharp boundary at the base of dendrites. Together, our results highlight the importance of splicing alteration in HD and suggest that MAP2 alteration contributes to dendritic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rubén Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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44
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Baral S, Pariyar R, Yoon CS, Kim DC, Yun JM, Jang SO, Kim SY, Oh H, Kim YC, Seo J. Effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:792-7. [PMID: 26522293 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma, a dried root of Gastrodia elata Blume, on proliferation and differentiation of human NSCs derived from embryonic stem cells. METHODS A 70% ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma (EEGR) was estimated with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as a representative constituent by HPLC. RESULTS MTT assay showed that the treatment with EEGR increased the viability of NSCs in growth media. Compared to control, EEGR increased the number of dendrites and denritic spines extended from a differentiated NSC. Whereas EEGR decreased the mRNA expression of Nestin, it increased that of Tuj1 and MAP2 in NSCs grown in differentiation media. Immunocytochemical analysis using confocal microscopy also revealed the increased expression of MAP2 in dendrites of EEGR-treated NSCs. Furthermore, EEGR decreased mRNA expression of Sox2 in NSCs grown even in growth media. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that EEGR induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, suggesting its potential benefits on NSC-based therapies and neuroregeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Baral
- From the BK21 Plus Team, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Ramesh Pariyar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Seok O Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- From the BK21 Plus Team, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Jungwon Seo
- From the BK21 Plus Team, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea.
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Graser S, Mentrup B, Schneider D, Klein-Hitpass L, Jakob F, Hofmann C. Overexpression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase increases the expression of neurogenic differentiation markers in the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Bone 2015; 79:150-61. [PMID: 26032516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from the rare hereditary disease hypophosphatasia (HPP), which is based on mutations in the ALPL gene, tend to develop central nervous system (CNS) related issues like epileptic seizures and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as anxiety and depression, in addition to well-known problems with the mineralization of bones and teeth. Analyses of the molecular role of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in transgenic SH-SY5Y(TNAPhigh) neuroblastoma cells compared to SH-SY5Y(TNAPlow) cells indicate that the enzyme influences the expression levels of neuronal marker genes like RNA-binding protein, fox-1 homolog 3 (NEUN) and enolase 2, gamma neuronal (NSE) as well as microtubule-binding proteins like microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and microtubule-associated protein tau (TAU) during neurogenic differentiation. Fluorescence staining of SH-SY5Y(TNAPhigh) cells reveals TNAP localization throughout the whole length of the developed projection network and even synapsin Ι co-localization with strong TNAP signals at some spots at least at the early time points of differentiation. Additional immunocytochemical staining shows higher MAP2 expression in SH-SY5Y(TNAPhigh) cells and further a distinct up-regulation of tau and MAP2 in the course of neurogenic differentiation. Interestingly, transgenic SH-SY5Y(TNAPhigh) cells are able to develop longer cellular processes compared to control cells after stimulation with all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Current therapies for HPP prioritize improvement of the bone phenotype. Unraveling the molecular role of TNAP in extraosseous tissues, like in the CNS, will help to improve treatment strategies for HPP patients. Taking this rare disease as a model may also help to dissect TNAP's role in neurodegenerative diseases and even improve future treatment of common pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Graser
- Orthopedic Department, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Mentrup
- Orthopedic Department, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Doris Schneider
- Orthopedic Department, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Department, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Hofmann
- Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Rheumatology and Osteology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Xie C, Soeda Y, Shinzaki Y, In Y, Tomoo K, Ihara Y, Miyasaka T. Identification of key amino acids responsible for the distinct aggregation properties of microtubule-associated protein 2 and tau. J Neurochem 2015; 135:19-26. [PMID: 26134402 PMCID: PMC5049617 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carboxyl‐terminal sequence of tau composes the framework for its intracellular inclusions that appear in diverse neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. However, microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2), which contains a homologous carboxyl‐terminal sequence of tau, is undetectable in the mature tau inclusions. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that tau and MAP2 have different aggregation properties: tau aggregates to form filaments but MAP2 remains to be granules. Exchanging 221YKPV224 of tau (0N3R) near the PHF6 motif for 340TKKI343 of MAP2c profoundly changed aggregation properties, suggesting that the YKPV motif is important for filament formation, whereas the TKKI motif is for granule formation. Thus, these minimal sequences may determine the different fates of tau and MAP2 in the formation of inclusions in tauopathies.
Tau and microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) are homologous microtubule‐associated proteins in neurons. So far, it is largely unknown why tau but not MAP2 is selectively involved in the filamentous inclusions (neurofibrillary tangles, NFT) formation in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we found that the difference of only two amino acids in tau and MAP2 sequences may determine their different fates in tauopathies. These results may lead to the elucidation of tau deregulation in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Xie
- Key Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Soeda
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinzaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tomoo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ihara
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyasaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhou Y, Wu S, Liang C, Lin Y, Zou Y, Li K, Lu B, Shu M, Huang Y, Zhu W, Kang Z, Xu D, Hu J, Yan G. Transcriptional upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2 is involved in the protein kinase A-induced decrease in the invasiveness of glioma cells. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1578-88. [PMID: 26014048 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma is the most lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system, with notable cell invasion causing significant recurrence. Suppression of glioma invasion is very important for improving clinical outcomes. Drugs that directly disrupt the cytoskeleton have been developed for this purpose; however, drug resistance and unsatisfactory selectivity have limited their clinical use. Previously, we reported that protein kinase A (PKA, also known as cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase) activation induced the differentiation of glioma cells. METHODS We used several small molecular inhibitors and RNA interference, combined with wound healing assays, Matrigel transwell assay, and microscopic observation, to determine whether activation of the PKA pathway could inhibit the invasion of human glioma cells. RESULTS Activation of PKA decreased the invasion of glioma cells. The mechanism operated via transcriptional upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), which was activated by the PKA pathway and led to ossification of microtubule dynamics via polymerization of tubulin. This resulted in morphological changes and a reduction in glioma cell invasion. Furthermore, chromosome immunoprecipitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in the transcriptional upregulation of MAP2. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that PKA may represent a potential target for anti-invasion glioma therapy and that the downstream modulators (eg, STAT3/MAP2) partially mediate the effects of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Sihan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Chaofeng Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Minfeng Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., S.W., Y.L., K.L., B.L., M.S., Y.H., W.Z., D.X., J.H., G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (C.L.); Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Z., Z.K.); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.H.)
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Cundiff CA, Elawabdeh N, Naguib MM, Jactel SN, Demellawy DE, Abramowsky CR, Durham MM, Youssef L, Wittkamp ML, Shehata BM. Does MAP2 have a role in predicting the development of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with benign ovarian teratoma? A report of six new pediatric cases. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2015; 18:122-6. [PMID: 25569473 DOI: 10.2350/14-09-1554-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a potentially fatal neurologic syndrome in which patients present with a spectrum of central nervous system deficits. Sixty percent of the cases can be attributed to the presence of tumors, most often ovarian teratomas. This report examines 6 pediatric patients who presented with neurologic deficits associated with the presence of such tumors. These cases illustrate a perplexing phenomenon, where benign teratomas could have a possible association with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The purpose of this study was to compare the histology and immunohistochemistry of tumors associated with this syndrome to ovarian teratomas found in patients presenting with no neurologic symptoms. After obtaining institutional review board approval, 57 cases of ovarian teratomas were identified at our institution over 12 years. Six patients were identified with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. A panel of immunostains, including S100, GFAP, MAP2, and NeuN was applied to patients' tumor sections as well as the 6 controls from age-matched patients. No qualitative histologic or immunohistochemical differences were seen between the study cases and control group. Because no qualitative differences were identified between the study cases and the control group, testing of paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid remains the best method for diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Tumor banking with molecular analysis of ovarian teratomas, including whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization between ovarian tissue saved from patients with and without anti-NMDAR encephalitis, is necessary to fully understand the etiopathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Cundiff
- 1 Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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49
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Pęczek Ł, Przygodzka P, Cieślak MJ. Downregulation of striatin leads to hyperphosphorylation of MAP2, induces depolymerization of microtubules and inhibits proliferation of HEK293T cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:222-30. [PMID: 25497017 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are tubular polymers of α/β-tubulin that are involved in the maintenance of cell shape, motility, and intracellular transport and in the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Microtubules are dynamic structures, and their assembly is regulated by phosphoproteins called microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). We propose that striatin, a protein belonging to the striatin family of proteins, is involved in regulation of microtubules. In HEK293T cells, striatin colocalizes with microtubules and stably associates with PP2Ac. Inhibition of striatin expression results in hyperphosphorylation of MAP2 and destabilizes microtubules. Striatin-induced destabilization of microtubules inhibited the proliferation of HEK293T cells and caused the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest that the PP2A/striatin complex modulates microtubule dynamics by regulating MAP2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza St., 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Pęczek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza St., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute for Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marcin J Cieślak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza St., 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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50
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic illness affecting approximately 0.5-1% of the world's population. The etiology of schizophrenia is complex, including multiple genes, and contributing environmental effects that adversely impact neurodevelopment. Nevertheless, a final common result, present in many subjects with schizophrenia, is impairment of pyramidal neuron dendritic morphology in multiple regions of the cerebral cortex. In this review, we summarize the evidence of reduced dendritic spine density and other dendritic abnormalities in schizophrenia, evaluate current data that informs the neurodevelopment timing of these impairments, and discuss what is known about possible upstream sources of dendritic spine loss in this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Moyer
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
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