1
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Wong CH, Wingett SW, Qian C, Hunter MR, Taliaferro JM, Ross-Thriepland D, Bullock SL. Genome-scale requirements for dynein-based transport revealed by a high-content arrayed CRISPR screen. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306048. [PMID: 38448164 PMCID: PMC10916854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The microtubule motor dynein plays a key role in cellular organization. However, little is known about how dynein's biosynthesis, assembly, and functional diversity are orchestrated. To address this issue, we have conducted an arrayed CRISPR loss-of-function screen in human cells using the distribution of dynein-tethered peroxisomes and early endosomes as readouts. From a genome-wide gRNA library, 195 validated hits were recovered and parsed into those impacting multiple dynein cargoes and those whose effects are restricted to a subset of cargoes. Clustering of high-dimensional phenotypic fingerprints revealed co-functional proteins involved in many cellular processes, including several candidate novel regulators of core dynein functions. Further analysis of one of these factors, the RNA-binding protein SUGP1, indicates that it promotes cargo trafficking by sustaining functional expression of the dynein activator LIS1. Our data represent a rich source of new hypotheses for investigating microtubule-based transport, as well as several other aspects of cellular organization captured by our high-content imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hao Wong
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Genomic Research, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven W Wingett
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chen Qian
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Cambridge, UK
| | - Morag Rose Hunter
- Centre for Genomic Research, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Cambridge, UK
| | - J Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Simon L Bullock
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Beaumale E, Van Hove L, Pintard L, Joly N. Microtubule-binding domains in Katanin p80 subunit are essential for severing activity in C. elegans. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308023. [PMID: 38329452 PMCID: PMC10853069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), such as Katanin, Spastin, and Fidgetin play essential roles in cell division and neurogenesis. They damage the microtubule (MT) lattice, which can either destroy or amplify the MT cytoskeleton, depending on the cellular context. However, little is known about how they interact with their substrates. We have identified the microtubule-binding domains (MTBD) required for Katanin function in C. elegans. Katanin is a heterohexamer of dimers containing a catalytic subunit p60 and a regulatory subunit p80, both of which are essential for female meiotic spindle assembly. Here, we report that p80-like(MEI-2) dictates Katanin binding to MTs via two MTBDs composed of basic patches. Substituting these patches reduces Katanin binding to MTs, compromising its function in female meiotic-spindle assembly. Structural alignments of p80-like(MEI-2) with p80s from different species revealed that the MTBDs are evolutionarily conserved, even if the specific amino acids involved vary. Our findings highlight the critical importance of the regulatory subunit (p80) in providing MT binding to the Katanin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Beaumale
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Van Hove
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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3
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Rios MU, Bagnucka MA, Ryder BD, Ferreira Gomes B, Familiari NE, Yaguchi K, Amato M, Stachera WE, Joachimiak ŁA, Woodruff JB. Multivalent coiled-coil interactions enable full-scale centrosome assembly and strength. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306142. [PMID: 38456967 PMCID: PMC10921949 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The outermost layer of centrosomes, called pericentriolar material (PCM), organizes microtubules for mitotic spindle assembly. The molecular interactions that enable PCM to assemble and resist external forces are poorly understood. Here, we use crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to analyze PLK-1-potentiated multimerization of SPD-5, the main PCM scaffold protein in C. elegans. In the unassembled state, SPD-5 exhibits numerous intramolecular crosslinks that are eliminated after phosphorylation by PLK-1. Thus, phosphorylation induces a structural opening of SPD-5 that primes it for assembly. Multimerization of SPD-5 is driven by interactions between multiple dispersed coiled-coil domains. Structural analyses of a phosphorylated region (PReM) in SPD-5 revealed a helical hairpin that dimerizes to form a tetrameric coiled-coil. Mutations within this structure and other interacting regions cause PCM assembly defects that are partly rescued by eliminating microtubule-mediated forces, revealing that PCM assembly and strength are interdependent. We propose that PCM size and strength emerge from specific, multivalent coiled-coil interactions between SPD-5 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolo U. Rios
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Małgorzata A. Bagnucka
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bryan D. Ryder
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Nicole E. Familiari
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kan Yaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Amato
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weronika E. Stachera
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Łukasz A. Joachimiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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4
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Wang S, Matsumoto K, Mehlferber MM, Zhang G, Aronova MA, Yamada KM. Microtubule-dependent apical polarization of basement membrane matrix mRNAs in mouse epithelial cells. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203898. [PMID: 38103869 PMCID: PMC10947932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) demarcating epithelial tissues undergoes rapid expansion to accommodate tissue growth and morphogenesis during embryonic development. To facilitate the secretion of bulky BM proteins, their mRNAs are polarized basally in the follicle epithelial cells of the Drosophila egg chamber to position their sites of production close to their deposition. In contrast, we observed the apical rather than basal polarization of all major BM mRNAs in the outer epithelial cells adjacent to the BM of mouse embryonic salivary glands using single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). Moreover, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence revealed apical polarization of both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, indicating that the site of BM component production was opposite to the site of deposition. At the apical side, BM mRNAs colocalized with ER, suggesting they may be co-translationally tethered. After microtubule inhibition, the BM mRNAs and ER became uniformly distributed rather than apically polarized, but they remained unchanged after inhibiting myosin II, ROCK, or F-actin, or after enzymatic disruption of the BM. Because Rab6 is generally required for Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking of BM components, we used lentivirus to express an mScarlet-tagged Rab6a in salivary gland epithelial cultures to visualize vesicle trafficking dynamics. We observed extensive bidirectional vesicle movements between Golgi at the apical side and the basal plasma membrane adjacent to the BM. Moreover, we showed that these vesicle movements depend on the microtubule motor kinesin-1 because very few vesicles remained motile after treatment with kinesore to compete for cargo-binding sites on kinesin-1. Overall, our work highlights the diverse strategies that different organisms use to secrete bulky matrix proteins: while Drosophila follicle epithelial cells strategically place their sites of BM protein production close to their deposition, mouse embryonic epithelial cells place their sites of production at the opposite end. Instead of spatial proximity, they use the microtubule cytoskeleton to mediate this organization as well as for the apical-to-basal transport of BM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohe Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kazue Matsumoto
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Madison M Mehlferber
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Facility, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Electron Microscopy Facility, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Li S, Kasciukovic T, Tanaka TU. Kinetochore-microtubule error correction for biorientation: lessons from yeast. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:29-39. [PMID: 38305688 PMCID: PMC10903472 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on sister kinetochores forming stable attachments to microtubules (MTs) extending from opposite spindle poles and establishing biorientation. To achieve this, erroneous kinetochore-MT interactions must be resolved through a process called error correction, which dissolves improper kinetochore-MT attachment and allows new interactions until biorientation is achieved. The Aurora B kinase plays key roles in driving error correction by phosphorylating Dam1 and Ndc80 complexes, while Mps1 kinase, Stu2 MT polymerase and phosphatases also regulate this process. Once biorientation is formed, tension is applied to kinetochore-MT interaction, stabilizing it. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms of kinetochore-MT interaction, error correction and biorientation. We focus mainly on recent insights from budding yeast, where the attachment of a single MT to a single kinetochore during biorientation simplifies the analysis of error correction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Taciana Kasciukovic
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Tomoyuki U. Tanaka
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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6
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Sun M, Wang Y, Xin G, Yang B, Jiang Q, Zhang C. NuSAP regulates microtubule flux and Kif2A localization to ensure accurate chromosome congression. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202108070. [PMID: 38117947 PMCID: PMC10733630 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise chromosome congression and segregation requires the proper assembly of a steady-state metaphase spindle, which is dynamic and maintained by continuous microtubule flux. NuSAP is a microtubule-stabilizing and -bundling protein that promotes chromosome-dependent spindle assembly. However, its function in spindle dynamics remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NuSAP regulates the metaphase spindle length control. Mechanistically, NuSAP facilitates kinetochore capture and spindle assembly by promoting Eg5 binding to microtubules. It also prevents excessive microtubule depolymerization through interaction with Kif2A, which reduces Kif2A spindle-pole localization. NuSAP is phosphorylated by Aurora A at Ser-240 during mitosis, and this phosphorylation promotes its interaction with Kif2A on the spindle body and reduces its localization with the spindle poles, thus maintaining proper spindle microtubule flux. NuSAP knockout resulted in the formation of shorter spindles with faster microtubule flux and chromosome misalignment. Taken together, we uncover that NuSAP participates in spindle assembly, dynamics, and metaphase spindle length control through the regulation of microtubule flux and Kif2A localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Sun
- The Academy for Cell and Life Health, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Academy for Cell and Life Health, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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7
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Wang J, Wu Y, Dong H, Ji Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Gao X, Jia Y, Wang X. A novel truncated variant in SPAST results in spastin accumulation and defects in microtubule dynamics. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:321. [PMID: 38066582 PMCID: PMC10704811 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haploinsufficiency is widely accepted as the pathogenic mechanism of hereditary spastic paraplegias type 4 (SPG4). However, there are some cases that cannot be explained by reduced function of the spastin protein encoded by SPAST. The aim of this study was to identify the causative variant of SPG4 in a large Chinese family and explore its pathological mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A five-generation family with 49 members including nine affected (4 males and 5 females) and 40 unaffected individuals in Mongolian nationality was recruited. Whole exome sequencing was employed to investigate the genetic etiology. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the effects of the mutant proteins in vitro. RESULTS A novel frameshift variant NM_014946.4: c.483_484delinsC (p.Val162Leufs*2) was identified in SPAST from a pedigree with SPG4. The variant segregated with the disease in the family and thus determined as the disease-causing variant. The c.483_484delinsC variant produced two truncated mutants (mutant M1 and M87 isoforms). They accumulated to a higher level and presented increased stability than their wild-type counterparts and may lost the microtubule severing activity. CONCLUSION SPAST mutations leading to premature stop codons do not always act through haploinsufficiency. The potential toxicity to the corticospinal tract caused by the intracellular accumulation of truncated spastin should be considered as the pathological mechanism of SPG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (RRBGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010057, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yunpeng Ji
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yaxian Liu
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yueshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (RRBGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yueqi Jia
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Genetics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China.
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Sullenberger C, Kong D, Avazpour P, Luvsanjav D, Loncarek J. Centrosomal organization of Cep152 provides flexibility in Plk4 and procentriole positioning. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202301092. [PMID: 37707473 PMCID: PMC10501443 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202301092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Centriole duplication is a high-fidelity process driven by Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) and a few conserved initiators. Dissecting how Plk4 and its receptors organize within centrosomes is critical to understand the centriole duplication process and biochemical and architectural differences between centrosomes of different species. Here, at nanoscale resolution, we dissect centrosomal localization of Plk4 in G1 and S phase in its catalytically active and inhibited state during centriole duplication and amplification. We build a precise distribution map of Plk4 and its receptor Cep152, as well as Cep44, Cep192, and Cep152-anchoring factors Cep57 and Cep63. We find that Cep57, Cep63, Cep44, and Cep192 localize in ninefold symmetry. However, during centriole maturation, Cep152, which we suggest is the major Plk4 receptor, develops a more complex pattern. We propose that the molecular arrangement of Cep152 creates flexibility for Plk4 and procentriole placement during centriole initiation. As a result, procentrioles form at variable positions in relation to the mother centriole microtubule triplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sullenberger
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Pegah Avazpour
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Delgermaa Luvsanjav
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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Sankaranarayanan SR, Polisetty SD, Das K, Dumbrepatil A, Medina-Pritchard B, Singleton M, Jeyaprakash AA, Sanyal K. Functional plasticity in chromosome-microtubule coupling on the evolutionary time scale. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201720. [PMID: 37793775 PMCID: PMC10551642 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dam1 complex is essential for mitotic progression across evolutionarily divergent fungi. Upon analyzing amino acid (aa) sequences of Dad2, a Dam1 complex subunit, we identified a conserved 10-aa-long Dad2 signature sequence (DSS). An arginine residue (R126) in the DSS is essential for viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that possesses point centromeres. The corresponding arginine residues are functionally important but not essential for viability in Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans; both carry several kilobases long regional centromeres. The purified recombinant Dam1 complex containing either Dad2ΔDSS or Dad2R126A failed to bind microtubules (MTs) or form any visible rings like the WT complex. Intriguingly, functional analysis revealed that the requirement of the conserved arginine residue for chromosome biorientation and mitotic progression reduced with increasing centromere length. We propose that plasticity of the invariant arginine of Dad2 in organisms with regional centromeres is achieved by conditional elevation of the kinetochore protein(s) to enable multiple kinetochore MTs to bind to each chromosome. The capacity of a chromosome to bind multiple kinetochore MTs may mask the deleterious effects of such lethal mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Ram Sankaranarayanan
- https://ror.org/0538gdx71 Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Satya Dev Polisetty
- https://ror.org/0538gdx71 Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kuladeep Das
- https://ror.org/0538gdx71 Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arti Dumbrepatil
- https://ror.org/0538gdx71 Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bethan Medina-Pritchard
- https://ror.org/01nrxwf90 Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Singleton
- https://ror.org/01nrxwf90 Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- https://ror.org/01nrxwf90 Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaustuv Sanyal
- https://ror.org/0538gdx71 Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
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10
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Chang T, Zhao J, Li Q, Meng A, Xia Q, Li Y, Xiang W, Yao Z. Nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony in oocyte maturation caused by TUBB8 variants via impairing microtubule function: a novel pathogenic mechanism. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:109. [PMID: 37993944 PMCID: PMC10664611 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TUBB8, a crucial gene encoding microtubule protein, plays a pivotal role in cellular processes. Deleterious TUBB8 variants have been shown to significantly hinder oocyte maturation. In this study, we conducted an in vitro investigation using TUBB8 mutant mouse oocytes to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of TUBB8 variants in oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. METHODS A mutant model was successfully established in mouse oocytes via microinjection to further investigate the effects of four novel discovered TUBB8 mutations on the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of mouse oocytes. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were performed to observe the cortical polarity and spindle and of mutant oocytes. Active mitochondrial staining was performed to analyze mitochondrial distribution patterns. Endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ staining were conducted to assess ER distribution and cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration in oocytes. RESULTS In mouse oocytes, TUBB8 variants (p.A313V, p.C239W, p.R251Q, and p.G96R) resulted in a reduction of the first polar body extrusion rate, disruption of spindle assembly, and abnormal chromosome distribution. Additionally, these variants induced oocyte organelle abnormalities, including anomalies in mitochondrial redistribution and endoplasmic reticulum stress compared to the wild-type. CONCLUSION Deleterious TUBB8 variants could disrupt microtubule function, affecting critical processes such as spindle assembly, chromosome distribution, and organelle rearrangement during oocyte meiosis. These disruptions culminate in compromised nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation, consequently giving rise to oocyte maturation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Chang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Anning Meng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuping Xia
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hongshan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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11
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Song X, Cui L, Wu M, Wang S, Song Y, Liu Z, Xue Z, Chen W, Zhang Y, Li H, Sun L, Liang X. DCX-EMAP is a core organizer for the ultrastructure of Drosophila mechanosensory organelles. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209116. [PMID: 37651176 PMCID: PMC10471123 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanoreceptor cells develop specialized mechanosensory organelles (MOs), where force-sensitive channels and supporting structures are organized in an orderly manner to detect forces. It is intriguing how MOs are formed. Here, we address this issue by studying the MOs of fly ciliated mechanoreceptors. We show that the main structure of the MOs is a compound cytoskeleton formed of short microtubules and electron-dense materials (EDMs). In a knock-out mutant of DCX-EMAP, this cytoskeleton is nearly absent, suggesting that DCX-EMAP is required for the formation of the MOs and in turn fly mechanotransduction. Further analysis reveals that DCX-EMAP expresses in fly ciliated mechanoreceptors and localizes to the MOs. Moreover, it plays dual roles by promoting the assembly/stabilization of the microtubules and the accumulation of the EDMs in the MOs. Therefore, DCX-EMAP serves as a core ultrastructural organizer of the MOs, and this finding provides novel molecular insights as to how fly MOs are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Song
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Cui
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Song
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xue
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Landi Sun
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhu Z, Becam I, Tovey CA, Elfarkouchi A, Yen EC, Bernard F, Guichet A, Conduit PT. Multifaceted modes of γ-tubulin complex recruitment and microtubule nucleation at mitotic centrosomes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202212043. [PMID: 37698931 PMCID: PMC10497398 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202212043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule nucleation is mediated by γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs). In most eukaryotes, a GCP4/5/4/6 "core" complex promotes γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC) association to generate cytosolic γ-TuRCs. Unlike γ-TuSCs, however, this core complex is non-essential in various species and absent from budding yeasts. In Drosophila, Spindle defective-2 (Spd-2) and Centrosomin (Cnn) redundantly recruit γ-tubulin complexes to mitotic centrosomes. Here, we show that Spd-2 recruits γ-TuRCs formed via the GCP4/5/4/6 core, but Cnn can recruit γ-TuSCs directly via its well-conserved CM1 domain, similar to its homologs in budding yeast. When centrosomes fail to recruit γ-tubulin complexes, they still nucleate microtubules via the TOG domain protein Mini-spindles (Msps), but these microtubules have different dynamic properties. Our data, therefore, help explain the dispensability of the GCP4/5/4/6 core and highlight the robustness of centrosomes as microtubule organizing centers. They also suggest that the dynamic properties of microtubules are influenced by how they are nucleated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabelle Becam
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Corinne A. Tovey
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Abir Elfarkouchi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Eugenie C. Yen
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fred Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guichet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Paul T. Conduit
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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13
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Quiogue AR, Sumiyoshi E, Fries A, Chuang CH, Bowerman B. Microtubules oppose cortical actomyosin-driven membrane ingression during C. elegans meiosis I polar body extrusion. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010984. [PMID: 37782660 PMCID: PMC10569601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During C. elegans oocyte meiosis I cytokinesis and polar body extrusion, cortical actomyosin is locally remodeled to assemble a contractile ring that forms within and remains part of a much larger and actively contractile cortical actomyosin network. This network both mediates contractile ring dynamics and generates shallow ingressions throughout the oocyte cortex during polar body extrusion. Based on our analysis of requirements for CLS-2, a member of the CLASP family of proteins that stabilize microtubules, we recently proposed that a balance of actomyosin-mediated tension and microtubule-mediated stiffness limits membrane ingression throughout the oocyte during meiosis I polar body extrusion. Here, using live cell imaging and fluorescent protein fusions, we show that CLS-2 is part of a group of kinetochore proteins, including the scaffold KNL-1 and the kinase BUB-1, that also co-localize during meiosis I to structures called linear elements, which are present within the assembling oocyte spindle and also are distributed throughout the oocyte in proximity to, but appearing to underlie, the actomyosin cortex. We further show that KNL-1 and BUB-1, like CLS-2, promote the proper organization of sub-cortical microtubules and also limit membrane ingression throughout the oocyte. Moreover, nocodazole or taxol treatment to destabilize or stabilize oocyte microtubules leads to, respectively, excess or decreased membrane ingression throughout the oocyte. Furthermore, taxol treatment, and genetic backgrounds that elevate the levels of cortically associated microtubules, both suppress excess membrane ingression in cls-2 mutant oocytes. We propose that linear elements influence the organization of sub-cortical microtubules to generate a stiffness that limits cortical actomyosin-driven membrane ingression throughout the oocyte during meiosis I polar body extrusion. We discuss the possibility that this regulation of sub-cortical microtubule dynamics facilitates actomyosin contractile ring dynamics during C. elegans oocyte meiosis I cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Quiogue
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugen, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eisuke Sumiyoshi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugen, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Adam Fries
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugen, Oregon, United States of America
- Imaging Core, Office of the Vice President for Research University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chien-Hui Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugen, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bruce Bowerman
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugen, Oregon, United States of America
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14
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Kraus J, Alfaro-Aco R, Gouveia B, Petry S. Microtubule nucleation for spindle assembly: one molecule at a time. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:761-775. [PMID: 37482516 PMCID: PMC10789498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The cell orchestrates the dance of chromosome segregation with remarkable speed and fidelity. The mitotic spindle is built from scratch after interphase through microtubule (MT) nucleation, which is dependent on the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), the universal MT template. Although several MT nucleation pathways build the spindle framework, the question of when and how γ-TuRC is targeted to these nucleation sites in the spindle and subsequently activated remains an active area of investigation. Recent advances facilitated the discovery of new MT nucleation effectors and their mechanisms of action. In this review, we illuminate each spindle assembly pathway and subsequently consider how the pathways are merged to build a spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Kraus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Bernardo Gouveia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sabine Petry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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15
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Puri D, Sharma S, Samaddar S, Ravivarma S, Banerjee S, Ghosh-Roy A. Muscleblind-1 interacts with tubulin mRNAs to regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton in C. elegans mechanosensory neurons. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010885. [PMID: 37603562 PMCID: PMC10470942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is crucial for the development and maintenance of neuronal architecture, and recent studies have highlighted the significance of regulated RNA processing in the establishment and maintenance of neural circuits. In a genetic screen conducted using mechanosensory neurons of C. elegans, we identified a mutation in muscleblind-1/mbl-1 as a suppressor of loss of kinesin-13 family microtubule destabilizing factor klp-7. Muscleblind-1(MBL-1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the splicing, localization, and stability of RNA. Our findings demonstrate that mbl-1 is required cell-autonomously for axon growth and proper synapse positioning in the posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) neuron. Loss of mbl-1 leads to increased microtubule dynamics and mixed orientation of microtubules in the anterior neurite of PLM. These defects are also accompanied by abnormal axonal transport of the synaptic protein RAB-3 and reduction of gentle touch sensation in mbl-1 mutant. Our data also revealed that mbl-1 is genetically epistatic to mec-7 (β tubulin) and mec-12 (α tubulin) in regulating axon growth. Furthermore, mbl-1 is epistatic to sad-1, an ortholog of BRSK/Brain specific-serine/threonine kinase and a known regulator of synaptic machinery, for synapse formation at the correct location of the PLM neurite. Notably, the immunoprecipitation of MBL-1 resulted in the co-purification of mec-7, mec-12, and sad-1 mRNAs, suggesting a direct interaction between MBL-1 and these transcripts. Additionally, mbl-1 mutants exhibited reduced levels and stability of mec-7 and mec-12 transcripts. Our study establishes a previously unknown link between RNA-binding proteins and cytoskeletal machinery, highlighting their crucial roles in the development and maintenance of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sunanda Sharma
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sarbani Samaddar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sruthy Ravivarma
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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16
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Yang S, Au FK, Li G, Lin J, Li XD, Qi RZ. Autoinhibitory mechanism controls binding of centrosomin motif 1 to γ-tubulin ring complex. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202007101. [PMID: 37213089 PMCID: PMC10202828 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is the principal nucleator of cellular microtubules, and the microtubule-nucleating activity of the complex is stimulated by binding to the γTuRC-mediated nucleation activator (γTuNA) motif. The γTuNA is part of the centrosomin motif 1 (CM1), which is widely found in γTuRC stimulators, including CDK5RAP2. Here, we show that a conserved segment within CM1 binds to the γTuNA and blocks its association with γTuRCs; therefore, we refer to this segment as the γTuNA inhibitor (γTuNA-In). Mutational disruption of the interaction between the γTuNA and the γTuNA-In results in a loss of autoinhibition, which consequently augments microtubule nucleation on centrosomes and the Golgi complex, the two major microtubule-organizing centers. This also causes centrosome repositioning, leads to defects in Golgi assembly and organization, and affects cell polarization. Remarkably, phosphorylation of the γTuNA-In, probably by Nek2, counteracts the autoinhibition by disrupting the γTuNA‒γTuNA-In interaction. Together, our data reveal an on-site mechanism for controlling γTuNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhong Yang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franco K.C. Au
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gefei Li
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert Z. Qi
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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17
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Zhang J, Li S, Huang F, Xu R, Wang D, Song T, Liang B, Liu D, Chen J, Shi X, Huang HL. A novel compound heterozygous mutation in TUBB8 causing early embryonic developmental arrest. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:753-763. [PMID: 36735156 PMCID: PMC10224908 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the β-tubulin isotype, TUBB8, can cause female infertility. Although several mutations of TUBB8 have been reported, the full spectrum for guiding genetics counseling still needs to be further explored. Here, we sought to identify novel variants in TUBB8 and their phenotypic effects on microtubule network structure in vitro. METHODS Whole-exome sequence analysis was performed in two families with infertility to detect pathogenic variants, with validation by Sanger sequencing. All gene variants and protein structures were predicted in silico. Cells were transfected with wild-type and mutants, and immunofluorescence analysis was performed to visualize microtubule network changes. RESULTS We detected a novel compound heterozygous mutation, c.915_916delCC (p.Arg306Serfs*21) and c.82C > T (p.His28Tyr), and a benign heterozygous variant c.1286C > T (p.Thr429Met) in TUBB8 in the two families. Female patients with p.Arg306Serfs*21 and p.His28Tyr were infertile with early embryonic developmental arrest. The female patient with p.Thr429Met gave birth to a healthy baby in the second in vitro fertilization frozen embryo transfer cycle. The p.Arg306Serfs*21 mutation was predicted to cause large structural alteration in the TUBB8 protein and was confirmed to produce a truncated and trace protein by western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence analysis of transfected HeLa cells showed that p.Arg306Serfs*21 significantly disrupted microtubule structure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the known mutational spectrum of TUBB8 associated with early embryonic developmental arrest and female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Suping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dao Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Boluo Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobo Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Lin Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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18
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MacKenzie A, Vicory V, Lacefield S. Meiotic cells escape prolonged spindle checkpoint activity through kinetochore silencing and slippage. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010707. [PMID: 37018287 PMCID: PMC10109492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To prevent chromosome mis-segregation, a surveillance mechanism known as the spindle checkpoint delays the cell cycle if kinetochores are not attached to spindle microtubules, allowing the cell additional time to correct improper attachments. During spindle checkpoint activation, checkpoint proteins bind the unattached kinetochore and send a diffusible signal to inhibit the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Previous work has shown that mitotic cells with depolymerized microtubules can escape prolonged spindle checkpoint activation in a process called mitotic slippage. During slippage, spindle checkpoint proteins bind unattached kinetochores, but the cells cannot maintain the checkpoint arrest. We asked if meiotic cells had as robust of a spindle checkpoint response as mitotic cells and whether they also undergo slippage after prolonged spindle checkpoint activity. We performed a direct comparison between mitotic and meiotic budding yeast cells that signal the spindle checkpoint through two different assays. We find that the spindle checkpoint delay is shorter in meiosis I or meiosis II compared to mitosis, overcoming a checkpoint arrest approximately 150 minutes earlier in meiosis than in mitosis. In addition, cells in meiosis I escape spindle checkpoint signaling using two mechanisms, silencing the checkpoint at the kinetochore and through slippage. We propose that meiotic cells undertake developmentally-regulated mechanisms to prevent persistent spindle checkpoint activity to ensure the production of gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne MacKenzie
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Victoria Vicory
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Soni Lacefield
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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19
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Rajeev R, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhagyanath S, Devu Priya MRS, Manna TK. TACC3-ch-TOG interaction regulates spindle microtubule assembly by controlling centrosomal recruitment of γ-TuRC. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232568. [PMID: 36790370 PMCID: PMC10037420 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), composed of γ-tubulin and multiple γ-tubulin complex proteins (GCPs), serves as the major microtubule nucleating complex in animal cells. However, several γ-TuRC-associated proteins have been shown to control its function. Centrosomal adaptor protein, TACC3, is one such γ-TuRC-interacting factor that is essential for proper mitotic spindle assembly across organisms. ch-TOG is another microtubule assembly promoting protein, which interacts with TACC3 and cooperates in mitotic spindle assembly. However, the mechanism how TACC3-ch-TOG interaction regulates microtubule assembly and the γ-TuRC functions at the centrosomes remain unclear. Here, we show that deletion of the ch-TOG-binding region in TACC3 enhances recruitment of the γ-TuRC proteins to centrosomes and aggravates spindle microtubule assembly in human cells. Loss of TACC3-ch-TOG binding imparts stabilization on TACC3 interaction with the γ-TuRC proteins and it does so by stimulating TACC3 phosphorylation and thereby enhancing phospho-TACC3 recruitment to the centrosomes. We also show that localization of ch-TOG at the centrosomes is substantially reduced and the same on the spindle microtubules is increased in its TACC3-unbound condition. Additional results reveal that ch-TOG depletion stimulates γ-tubulin localization on the spindles without significantly affecting the centrosomal γ-tubulin level. The results indicate that ch-TOG binding to TACC3 controls TACC3 phosphorylation and TACC3-mediated stabilization of the γ-TuRCs at the centrosomes. They also implicate that the spatio-temporal control of TACC3 phosphorylation via ch-TOG-binding ensures mitotic spindle assembly to the optimal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Rajeev
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Swarnendu Mukhopadhyay
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Suresh Bhagyanath
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Manu Rani S Devu Priya
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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20
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina FE, Toomre DK, Calderwood DA. Fibroblasts secrete fibronectin under lamellipodia in a microtubule- and myosin II-dependent fashion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213712. [PMID: 36416725 PMCID: PMC9699186 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an essential structural and regulatory component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its binding to integrin receptors supports cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. Here, using live-cell microscopy of fibroblasts expressing FN tagged with a pH-sensitive fluorophore, we show that FN is secreted predominantly at the ventral surface of cells in an integrin-independent manner. Locally secreted FN then undergoes β1 integrin-dependent fibrillogenesis. We find that the site of FN secretion is regulated by cell polarization, which occurs in bursts under stabilized lamellipodia at the leading edge. Moreover, analysis of FN secretion and focal adhesion dynamics suggest that focal adhesion formation precedes FN deposition and that deposition continues during focal adhesion disassembly. Lastly, we show that the polarized FN deposition in spreading and migrating cells requires both intact microtubules and myosin II-mediated contractility. Thus, while FN secretion does not require integrin binding, the site of exocytosis is regulated by membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics with secretion occurring after new adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix E. Rivera-Molina
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Derek K. Toomre
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David A. Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Correspondence to David A. Calderwood:
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21
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Harvey AM, Chuang CH, Sumiyoshi E, Bowerman B. C. elegans XMAP215/ZYG-9 and TACC/TAC-1 act at multiple times during oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and promote both spindle pole coalescence and stability. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010363. [PMID: 36608115 PMCID: PMC9851561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved two-component XMAP215/TACC modulator of microtubule stability is required in multiple animal phyla for acentrosomal spindle assembly during oocyte meiotic cell division. In C. elegans, XMAP215/zyg-9 and TACC/tac-1 mutant oocytes exhibit multiple and indistinguishable oocyte spindle assembly defects beginning early in meiosis I. To determine if these defects represent one or more early requirements with additional later and indirect consequences, or multiple temporally distinct and more direct requirements, we have used live cell imaging and fast-acting temperature-sensitive zyg-9 and tac-1 alleles to dissect their requirements at high temporal resolution. Temperature upshift and downshift experiments indicate that the ZYG-9/TAC-1 complex has multiple temporally distinct and separable requirements throughout oocyte meiotic cell division. First, we show that during prometaphase ZYG-9 and TAC-1 promote the coalescence of early pole foci into a bipolar structure, stabilizing pole foci as they grow and limiting their growth rate, with these requirements being independent of an earlier defect in microtubule organization that occurs upon nuclear envelope breakdown. Second, during metaphase, ZYG-9 and TAC-1 maintain spindle bipolarity by suppressing ectopic pole formation. Third, we show that ZYG-9 and TAC-1 also are required for spindle assembly during meiosis II, independently of their meiosis I requirements. The metaphase pole stability requirement appears to be important for maintaining chromosome congression, and we discuss how negative regulation of microtubule stability by ZYG-9/TAC-1 during oocyte meiotic cell division might account for the observed defects in spindle pole coalescence and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Harvey
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chien-Hui Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eisuke Sumiyoshi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bruce Bowerman
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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22
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Scharrenberg R, Richter M, Johanns O, Meka DP, Rücker T, Murtaza N, Lindenmaier Z, Ellegood J, Naumann A, Zhao B, Schwanke B, Sedlacik J, Fiehler J, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Lerch JP, Singh KK, de Anda FC. TAOK2 rescues autism-linked developmental deficits in a 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4707-4721. [PMID: 36123424 PMCID: PMC9734055 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The precise development of the neocortex is a prerequisite for higher cognitive and associative functions. Despite numerous advances that have been made in understanding neuronal differentiation and cortex development, our knowledge regarding the impact of specific genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on these processes is still limited. Here, we show that Taok2, which is encoded in humans within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility locus 16p11.2, is essential for neuronal migration. Overexpression of de novo mutations or rare variants from ASD patients disrupts neuronal migration in an isoform-specific manner. The mutated TAOK2α variants but not the TAOK2β variants impaired neuronal migration. Moreover, the TAOK2α isoform colocalizes with microtubules. Consequently, neurons lacking Taok2 have unstable microtubules with reduced levels of acetylated tubulin and phosphorylated JNK1. Mice lacking Taok2 develop gross cortical and cortex layering abnormalities. Moreover, acute Taok2 downregulation or Taok2 knockout delayed the migration of upper-layer cortical neurons in mice, and the expression of a constitutively active form of JNK1 rescued these neuronal migration defects. Finally, we report that the brains of the Taok2 KO and 16p11.2 del Het mouse models show striking anatomical similarities and that the heterozygous 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model displayed reduced levels of phosphorylated JNK1 and neuronal migration deficits, which were ameliorated upon the introduction of TAOK2α in cortical neurons and in the developing cortex of those mice. These results delineate the critical role of TAOK2 in cortical development and its contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Scharrenberg
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Richter
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ole Johanns
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Durga Praveen Meka
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tabitha Rücker
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadeem Murtaza
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4A9, Canada
| | - Zsuzsa Lindenmaier
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Anne Naumann
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bing Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schwanke
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Karun K Singh
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Christensen JR, Reck-Peterson SL. Hitchhiking Across Kingdoms: Cotransport of Cargos in Fungal, Animal, and Plant Cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2022; 38:155-178. [PMID: 35905769 PMCID: PMC10967659 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells across the tree of life organize their subcellular components via intracellular transport mechanisms. In canonical transport, myosin, kinesin, and dynein motor proteins interact with cargos via adaptor proteins and move along filamentous actin or microtubule tracks. In contrast to this canonical mode, hitchhiking is a newly discovered mode of intracellular transport in which a cargo attaches itself to an already-motile cargo rather than directly associating with a motor protein itself. Many cargos including messenger RNAs, protein complexes, and organelles hitchhike on membrane-bound cargos. Hitchhiking-like behaviors have been shown to impact cellular processes including local protein translation, long-distance signaling, and organelle network reorganization. Here, we review instances of cargo hitchhiking in fungal, animal, and plant cells and discuss the potential cellular and evolutionary importance of hitchhiking in these different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Christensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
| | - Samara L Reck-Peterson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; ,
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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24
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Dale KL, Armond JW, Hynds RE, Vladimirou E. Modest increase of KIF11 expression exposes fragilities in the mitotic spindle, causing chromosomal instability. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260031. [PMID: 35929456 PMCID: PMC10500341 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the process of increased chromosomal alterations, compromises genomic integrity and has profound consequences on human health. Yet, our understanding of the molecular and mechanistic basis of CIN initiation remains limited. We developed a high-throughput, single-cell, image-based pipeline employing deep-learning and spot-counting models to detect CIN by automatically counting chromosomes and micronuclei. To identify CIN-initiating conditions, we used CRISPR activation in human diploid cells to upregulate, at physiologically relevant levels, 14 genes that are functionally important in cancer. We found that upregulation of CCND1, FOXA1 and NEK2 resulted in pronounced changes in chromosome counts, and KIF11 upregulation resulted in micronuclei formation. We identified KIF11-dependent fragilities within the mitotic spindle; increased levels of KIF11 caused centrosome fragmentation, higher microtubule stability, lagging chromosomes or mitotic catastrophe. Our findings demonstrate that even modest changes in the average expression of single genes in a karyotypically stable background are sufficient for initiating CIN by exposing fragilities of the mitotic spindle, which can lead to a genomically diverse cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Dale
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Mitotic Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan W. Armond
- Mitotic Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Mitotic Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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25
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Repton C, Cullen CF, Costa MFA, Spanos C, Rappsilber J, Ohkura H. The phospho-docking protein 14-3-3 regulates microtubule-associated proteins in oocytes including the chromosomal passenger Borealin. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009995. [PMID: 35666772 PMCID: PMC9203013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global regulation of spindle-associated proteins is crucial in oocytes due to the absence of centrosomes and their very large cytoplasmic volume, but little is known about how this is achieved beyond involvement of the Ran-importin pathway. We previously uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism in Drosophila oocytes, in which the phospho-docking protein 14-3-3 suppresses microtubule binding of Kinesin-14/Ncd away from chromosomes. Here we report systematic identification of microtubule-associated proteins regulated by 14-3-3 from Drosophila oocytes. Proteins from ovary extract were co-sedimented with microtubules in the presence or absence of a 14-3-3 inhibitor. Through quantitative mass-spectrometry, we identified proteins or complexes whose ability to bind microtubules is suppressed by 14-3-3, including the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), the centralspindlin complex and Kinesin-14/Ncd. We showed that 14-3-3 binds to the disordered region of Borealin, and this binding is regulated differentially by two phosphorylations on Borealin. Mutations at these two phospho-sites compromised normal Borealin localisation and centromere bi-orientation in oocytes, showing that phospho-regulation of 14-3-3 binding is important for Borealin localisation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Repton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C. Fiona Cullen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana F. A. Costa
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Ohkura
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Kim HJ, Liu C, Dernburg AF. How and Why Chromosomes Interact with the Cytoskeleton during Meiosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050901. [PMID: 35627285 PMCID: PMC9140367 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early meiotic prophase, connections are established between chromosomes and cytoplasmic motors via a nuclear envelope bridge, known as a LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. These widely conserved links can promote both chromosome and nuclear motions. Studies in diverse organisms have illuminated the molecular architecture of these connections, but important questions remain regarding how they contribute to meiotic processes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in the field, outline the challenges in studying these chromosome dynamics, and highlight distinctive features that have been characterized in major model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA;
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Lu T, Smit RB, Soueid H, Mains PE. STRIPAK regulation of katanin microtubule severing in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac043. [PMID: 35298637 PMCID: PMC9071564 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule severing plays important role in cell structure and cell division. The microtubule severing protein katanin, composed of the MEI-1/MEI-2 subunits in Caenorhabditis elegans, is required for oocyte meiotic spindle formation; however, it must be inactivated for mitosis to proceed as continued katanin expression is lethal. Katanin activity is regulated by 2 ubiquitin-based protein degradation pathways. Another ubiquitin ligase, HECD-1, the homolog of human HECTD1/HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1, regulates katanin activity without affecting katanin levels. In other organisms, HECD-1 is a component of the striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase complex, which affects cell proliferation and a variety of signaling pathways. Here we conducted a systematic screen of how mutations in striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase components affect katanin function in C. elegans. Striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase core components (FARL-11, CASH-1, LET-92, and GCK-1) were katanin inhibitors in mitosis and activators in meiosis, much like HECD-1. By contrast, variable components (SLMP-1, OTUB-2) functioned as activators of katanin activity in mitosis, indicating they may function to alter striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase core function. The core component CCM-3 acted as an inhibitor at both divisions, while other components (MOB-4, C49H3.6) showed weak interactions with katanin mutants. Additional experiments indicate that katanin may be involved with the centralspindlin complex and a tubulin chaperone. HECD-1 shows ubiquitous expression in the cytoplasm throughout meiosis and early development. The differing functions of the different subunits could contribute to the diverse functions of the striatin-interacting kinase phosphatase complex in C. elegans and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ryan B Smit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hanifa Soueid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul E Mains
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2N 4N1, Canada
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28
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Hickson GR. A back-up source of microtubules for the midbody during cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202201028. [PMID: 35191950 PMCID: PMC8937023 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202201028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During cytokinesis, microtubules become compacted into a dense midbody prior to abscission. Using genetic perturbations and imaging of C. elegans zygotes, Hirsch et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202011085) uncover an unexpected source of microtubules that can populate the midbody when central spindle microtubules are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles R.X. Hickson
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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29
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Abstract
As the hardest tissue in the human body, tooth enamel formation is a highly regulated process involving several stages of differentiation and key regulatory genes. One such gene, tryptophan-aspartate repeat domain 72 (WDR72), has been found to cause a tooth enamel defect when deleted or mutated, resulting in a condition called amelogenesis imperfecta. Unlike the canonical genes regulating tooth development, WDR72 remains intracellularly and is not secreted to the enamel matrix space to regulate mineralization, and is found in other major organs of the body, namely the kidney, brain, liver, and heart. To date, a link between intracellular vesicle transport and enamel mineralization has been suggested, however identification of the mechanistic regulators has yet to be elucidated, in part due to the limitations associated with studying highly differentiated ameloblast cells. Here we show compelling evidence that WDR72 regulates endocytosis of proteins, both in vivo and in a novel in vitro ameloblast cell line. We elucidate WDR72's function to be independent of intracellular vesicle acidification while still leading to defective enamel matrix pH extracellularly. We identify a vesicle function associated with microtubule assembly and propose that WDR72 directs microtubule assembly necessary for membrane mobilization and subsequent vesicle transport. Understanding WDR72 function provides a mechanistic basis for determining physiologic and pathologic tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Katsura
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Rozana Shemirani
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells. The structure and composition of microtubules regulate their function, and the dynamic remodeling of the network by posttranslational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins generates diverse populations of microtubules adapted for various contexts. In the cardiomyocyte, the microtubules must accommodate the unique challenges faced by a highly contractile, rigidly structured, and long-lasting cell. Through their canonical trafficking role and positioning of mRNA, proteins, and organelles, microtubules regulate essential cardiomyocyte functions such as electrical activity, calcium handling, protein translation, and growth. In a more specialized role, posttranslationally modified microtubules form load-bearing structures that regulate myocyte mechanics and mechanotransduction. Modified microtubules proliferate in cardiovascular diseases, creating stabilized resistive elements that impede cardiomyocyte contractility and contribute to contractile dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the most exciting new concepts emerging from recent studies into canonical and noncanonical roles of cardiomyocyte microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Emily A Scarborough
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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31
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Jijumon AS, Bodakuntla S, Genova M, Bangera M, Sackett V, Besse L, Maksut F, Henriot V, Magiera MM, Sirajuddin M, Janke C. Lysate-based pipeline to characterize microtubule-associated proteins uncovers unique microtubule behaviours. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:253-267. [PMID: 35102268 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton forms complex macromolecular assemblies with a range of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that have fundamental roles in cell architecture, division and motility. Determining how an individual MAP modulates microtubule behaviour is an important step in understanding the physiological roles of various microtubule assemblies. To characterize how MAPs control microtubule properties and functions, we developed an approach allowing for medium-throughput analyses of MAPs in cell-free conditions using lysates of mammalian cells. Our pipeline allows for quantitative as well as ultrastructural analyses of microtubule-MAP assemblies. Analysing 45 bona fide and potential mammalian MAPs, we uncovered previously unknown activities that lead to distinct and unique microtubule behaviours such as microtubule coiling or hook formation, or liquid-liquid phase separation along the microtubule lattice that initiates microtubule branching. We have thus established a powerful tool for a thorough characterization of a wide range of MAPs and MAP variants, thus opening avenues for the determination of mechanisms underlying their physiological roles and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Jijumon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mariya Genova
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mamata Bangera
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Violet Sackett
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laetitia Besse
- Institut Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Imagerie Multimodale INSERM US43, CNRS UMS2016, Orsay, France
| | - Fatlinda Maksut
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Veronique Henriot
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | | | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
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32
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Velle KB, Kennard AS, Trupinić M, Ivec A, Swafford AJM, Nolton E, Rice LM, Tolić IM, Fritz-Laylin LK, Wadsworth P. Naegleria’s mitotic spindles are built from unique tubulins and highlight core spindle features. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1247-1261.e6. [PMID: 35139359 PMCID: PMC9036621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Naegleria gruberi is a unicellular eukaryote whose evolutionary distance from animals and fungi has made it useful for developing hypotheses about the last common eukaryotic ancestor. Naegleria amoebae lack a cytoplasmic microtubule cytoskeleton and assemble microtubules only during mitosis and thus represent a unique system for studying the evolution and functional specificity of mitotic tubulins and the spindles they assemble. Previous studies show that Naegleria amoebae express a divergent α-tubulin during mitosis, and we now show that Naegleria amoebae express a second mitotic α- and two mitotic β-tubulins. The mitotic tubulins are evolutionarily divergent relative to typical α- and β-tubulins and contain residues that suggest distinct microtubule properties. These distinct residues are conserved in mitotic tubulin homologs of the “brain-eating amoeba” Naegleria fowleri, making them potential drug targets. Using quantitative light microscopy, we find that Naegleria’s mitotic spindle is a distinctive barrel-like structure built from a ring of microtubule bundles. Similar to those of other species, Naegleria’s spindle is twisted, and its length increases during mitosis, suggesting that these aspects of mitosis are ancestral features. Because bundle numbers change during metaphase, we hypothesize that the initial bundles represent kinetochore fibers and secondary bundles function as bridging fibers. Naegleria amoebae are profoundly different from other eukaryotes as they lack interphase microtubules. During cell division, Velle et al. show that Naegleria express α- and β-tubulins that are highly divergent at key structural positions. These tubulins form spindles with an unusual architecture: a ring of twisted microtubule bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Andrew S Kennard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monika Trupinić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arian Ivec
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrew J M Swafford
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Emily Nolton
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Luke M Rice
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lillian K Fritz-Laylin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Patricia Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Rossi F, Beltran M, Damizia M, Grelloni C, Colantoni A, Setti A, Di Timoteo G, Dattilo D, Centrón-Broco A, Nicoletti C, Fanciulli M, Lavia P, Bozzoni I. Circular RNA ZNF609/CKAP5 mRNA interaction regulates microtubule dynamics and tumorigenicity. Mol Cell 2022; 82:75-89.e9. [PMID: 34942120 PMCID: PMC8751636 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in eukaryotes and are regulated in many biological processes. Although several studies indicate their activity as microRNA (miRNA) and protein sponges, little is known about their ability to directly control mRNA homeostasis. We show that the widely expressed circZNF609 directly interacts with several mRNAs and increases their stability and/or translation by favoring the recruitment of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1. Particularly, the interaction with CKAP5 mRNA, which interestingly overlaps the back-splicing junction, enhances CKAP5 translation, regulating microtubule function in cancer cells and sustaining cell-cycle progression. Finally, we show that circZNF609 downregulation increases the sensitivity of several cancer cell lines to different microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic drugs and that locked nucleic acid (LNA) protectors against the pairing region on circZNF609 phenocopy such effects. These data set an example of how the small effects tuned by circZNF609/CKAP5 mRNA interaction might have a potent output in tumor growth and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Manuel Beltran
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Michela Damizia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology CNR, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Grelloni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessio Colantoni
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Adriano Setti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Gaia Di Timoteo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Dario Dattilo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alvaro Centrón-Broco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- DAHFMO - Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology CNR, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy; Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy.
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Mukherjee S, Gardner MK. Centromere Tension Measurement in Budding Yeast Mitosis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2415:199-210. [PMID: 34972956 PMCID: PMC9800073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1904-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During budding yeast mitosis, duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the center of the metaphase mitotic spindle, and the centromeres are stretched by forces generated within the mitotic spindle. In response to these stretching forces, mechanical tension builds up in the centromeric chromatin. The magnitude of this tension is detected by the cell to signal the attachment configuration of the sister chromosomes: a high tension signal would indicate that sister chromosomes are properly attached to opposite spindle poles, while a low tension signal could indicate the lack of a bipolar attachment. A low tension signal drives the cell to correct improper attachments in metaphase, thus preventing potential errors in anaphase chromosome segregation. In this paper, we describe a microscopy-based method to directly measure the magnitude of centromere tension in budding yeast metaphase spindles. The advantage of this method is that quantitative tension estimates are obtained without perturbing spindle and/or chromosome structure and as cells progress normally through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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35
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Sirakanyan S, Arabyan E, Hakobyan A, Hakobyan T, Chilingaryan G, Sahakyan H, Sargsyan A, Arakelov G, Nazaryan K, Izmailyan R, Abroyan L, Karalyan Z, Arakelova E, Hakobyan E, Hovakimyan A, Serobian A, Neves M, Ferreira J, Ferreira F, Zakaryan H. A new microtubule-stabilizing agent shows potent antiviral effects against African swine fever virus with no cytotoxicity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:783-796. [PMID: 33706677 PMCID: PMC8079068 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1902751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causal agent of a fatal disease of domestic swine for which no effective antiviral drugs are available. Recently, it has been shown that microtubule-targeting agents hamper the infection cycle of different viruses. In this study, we conducted in silico screening against the colchicine binding site (CBS) of tubulin and found three new compounds with anti-ASFV activity. The most promising antiviral compound (6b) reduced ASFV replication in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 19.5 μM) with no cellular (CC50 > 500 μM) and animal toxicity (up to 100 mg/kg). Results also revealed that compound 6b interfered with ASFV attachment, internalization and egress, with time-of-addition assays, showing that compound 6b has higher antiviral effects when added within 2-8 h post-infection. This compound significantly inhibited viral DNA replication and disrupted viral protein synthesis. Experiments with ASFV-infected porcine macrophages disclosed that antiviral effects of the compound 6b were similar to its effects in Vero cells. Tubulin polymerization assay and confocal microscopy demonstrated that compound 6b promoted tubulin polymerization, acting as a microtubule-stabilizing, rather than a destabilizing agent in cells. In conclusion, this work emphasizes the idea that microtubules can be targets for drug development against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvel Sirakanyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Erik Arabyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Astghik Hakobyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tamara Hakobyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Garri Chilingaryan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Harutyun Sahakyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen Sargsyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Grigor Arakelov
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karen Nazaryan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
- Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Roza Izmailyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Liana Abroyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elina Arakelova
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elmira Hakobyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anush Hovakimyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Andre Serobian
- Advanced Solutions Center, Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marco Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hovakim Zakaryan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
- Denovo Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
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Thomas A, Gallaud E, Pascal A, Serre L, Arnal I, Richard-Parpaillon L, Savoian MS, Giet R. Peripheral astral microtubules ensure asymmetric furrow positioning in neural stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109895. [PMID: 34706235 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblast division is characterized by asymmetric positioning of the cleavage furrow, resulting in a large difference in size between the future daughter cells. In animal cells, furrow placement and assembly are governed by centralspindlin that accumulates at the equatorial cell cortex of the future cleavage site and at the spindle midzone. In neuroblasts, these two centralspindlin populations are spatially and temporally separated. A leading pool is located at the basal cleavage site and a second pool accumulates at the midzone before traveling to the cleavage site. The cortical centralspindlin population requires peripheral astral microtubules and the chromosome passenger complex for efficient recruitment. Loss of this pool does not prevent cytokinesis but enhances centralspindlin signaling at the midzone, leading to equatorial furrow repositioning and decreased size asymmetry. These data show that basal furrow positioning in neuroblasts results from a competition between different centralspindlin pools in which the cortical pool is dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thomas
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR17 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR17 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aude Pascal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR17 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Serre
- Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences (GIN), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Arnal
- Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences (GIN), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Richard-Parpaillon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR17 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Matthew Scott Savoian
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Régis Giet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR17 6290, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Dos Santos Pacheco N, Tosetti N, Krishnan A, Haase R, Maco B, Suarez C, Ren B, Soldati-Favre D. Revisiting the Role of Toxoplasma gondii ERK7 in the Maintenance and Stability of the Apical Complex. mBio 2021; 12:e0205721. [PMID: 34607461 PMCID: PMC8546650 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02057-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii extracellular signal-regulated kinase 7 (ERK7) is known to contribute to the integrity of the apical complex and to participate in the final step of conoid biogenesis. In the absence of ERK7, mature parasites lose their conoid complex and are unable to glide, invade, or egress from host cells. In contrast to a previous report, we show here that the depletion of ERK7 phenocopies the depletion of the apical cap protein AC9 or AC10. The absence of ERK7 leads to the loss of the apical polar ring (APR), the disorganization of the basket of subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs), and a severe impairment in microneme secretion. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM), coupled to N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS-ester) staining on intracellular parasites, offers an unprecedented level of resolution and highlights the disorganization of the rhoptries as well as the dilated plasma membrane at the apical pole in the absence of ERK7. Comparative proteomics analysis of wild-type and ERK7-depleted parasites confirmed the disappearance of known apical complex proteins, including markers of the apical polar ring and a new apical cap named AC11. Concomitantly, the absence of ERK7 led to an accumulation of microneme proteins, resulting from the defect in the exocytosis of the organelles. AC9-depleted parasites were included as controls and exhibited an increase in inner membrane complex proteins, with two new proteins assigned to this compartment, namely, IMC33 and IMC34. IMPORTANCE The conoid is an enigmatic, dynamic organelle positioned at the apical tip of the coccidian subgroup of the Apicomplexa, close to the apical polar ring (APR) from which the subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs) emerge and through which the secretory organelles (micronemes and rhoptries) reach the plasma membrane for exocytosis. In Toxoplasma gondii, the conoid protrudes concomitantly with microneme secretion, during egress, motility, and invasion. The conditional depletion of the apical cap structural protein AC9 or AC10 leads to a disorganization of SPMTs as well as the loss of the APR and conoid, resulting in a microneme secretion defect and a block in motility, invasion, and egress. We show here that the depletion of the kinase ERK7 phenocopies AC9 and AC10 mutants. The combination of ultrastructure expansion microscopy and NHS-ester staining revealed that ERK7-depleted parasites exhibit a dilated apical plasma membrane and an altered positioning of the rhoptries, while electron microscopy images unambiguously highlight the loss of the APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dos Santos Pacheco
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Tosetti
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aarti Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romuald Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bohumil Maco
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Suarez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bingjian Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Morales X, Peláez R, Garasa S, Ortiz de Solórzano C, Rouzaut A. CRMP2 as a Candidate Target to Interfere with Lung Cancer Cell Migration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101533. [PMID: 34680167 PMCID: PMC8533992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is an adaptor protein that adds tubulin dimers to the growing tip of a microtubule. First described in neurons, it is now considered a ubiquitous protein that intervenes in processes such as cytoskeletal remodeling, synaptic connection and trafficking of voltage channels. Mounting evidence supports that CRMP2 plays an essential role in neuropathology and, more recently, in cancer. We have previously described a positive correlation between nuclear phosphorylation of CRMP2 and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. In this work, we studied whether this cytoskeleton molding protein is involved in cancer cell migration. To this aim, we evaluated CRMP2 phosphorylation and localization in the extending lamella of lung adenocarcinoma migrating cells using in vitro assays and in vivo confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that constitutive phosphorylation of CRMP2 impaired lamella formation, cell adhesion and oriented migration. In search of a mechanistic explanation of this phenomenon, we discovered that CRMP2 Ser522 phospho-mimetic mutants display unstable tubulin polymers, unable to bind EB1 plus-Tip protein and the cortical actin adaptor IQGAP1. In addition, integrin recycling is defective and invasive structures are less evident in these mutants. Significantly, mouse xenograft tumors of NSCLC expressing CRMP2 phosphorylation mimetic mutants grew significantly less than wild-type tumors. Given the recent development of small molecule inhibitors of CRMP2 phosphorylation to treat neurodegenerative diseases, our results open the door for their use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Morales
- Solid Tumors and Biomarkers Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda Pío XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (X.M.); (C.O.d.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Neurodegeneration Area, Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Saray Garasa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz de Solórzano
- Solid Tumors and Biomarkers Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda Pío XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (X.M.); (C.O.d.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ana Rouzaut
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Pujadas L, Soriano E. The Hidden Side of NCAM Family: NCAM2, a Key Cytoskeleton Organization Molecule Regulating Multiple Neural Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10021. [PMID: 34576185 PMCID: PMC8471948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been over 20 years since Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2) was identified as the second member of the NCAM family with a high expression in the nervous system, the knowledge of NCAM2 is still eclipsed by NCAM1. The first studies with NCAM2 focused on the olfactory bulb, where this protein has a key role in axonal projection and axonal/dendritic compartmentalization. In contrast to NCAM1, NCAM2's functions and partners in the brain during development and adulthood have remained largely unknown until not long ago. Recent studies have revealed the importance of NCAM2 in nervous system development. NCAM2 governs neuronal morphogenesis and axodendritic architecture, and controls important neuron-specific processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and memory formation. In the adult brain, NCAM2 is highly expressed in dendritic spines, and it regulates synaptic plasticity and learning processes. NCAM2's functions are related to its ability to adapt to the external inputs of the cell and to modify the cytoskeleton accordingly. Different studies show that NCAM2 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeleton stability and proteins that regulate calcium influx, which could also modify the cytoskeleton. In this review, we examine the evidence that points to NCAM2 as a crucial cytoskeleton regulation protein during brain development and adulthood. This key function of NCAM2 may offer promising new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Cao T, Guo J, Xu Y, Lin X, Deng W, Cheng L, Zhao H, Jiang S, Gao M, Huang J, Xu Y. Two mutations in TUBB8 cause developmental arrest in human oocytes and early embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:891-898. [PMID: 34509376 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION How can the effect of genetic mutations that may cause primary female infertility be evaluated? DESIGN Patients and their family members underwent whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to detect the infertility-causing gene and inheritance pattern. To study the function of mutant proteins in vitro, vectors containing wild-type or mutant TUBB8 cDNA were constructed for transient expression in HeLa cells, and in-vitro transcribed mRNA were used for microinjection in germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the microtubule structure in HeLa cells or meiotic spindle in mouse oocytes. RESULTS A maternally inherited TUBB8 (Tubulin beta 8 class VIII) mutation (NM_177987.2: c. 959G>A: p. R320H) and a previously reported (NM_177987.2: c. 161C>T: p. A54V) recessive mutation from two infertile female patients were identified. The oocytes from the patient carrying p.A54V mutation failed fertilization, whereas oocytes with p.R320H mutation could be fertilized but showed heavy fragmentation during early development. In vitro, functional assays showed that p. A54V mutant disrupted the microtubule structure in HeLa cells (49.3% of transfected cells) and caused large polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes (27.5%), whereas the p.R320H mutant caused a higher abnormal rate (69.7%) in cultured cells and arrested mouse oocytes at meiosis I (38.7%). CONCLUSION Two TUBB8 mutations (p.A54V and p.R320H) were identified and their pathogeny was confirmed by in-vitro functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
| | - Xiufeng Lin
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan Guangdong, China
| | - Weifen Deng
- Shenzhen Entry and Exit Border Inspection Station Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong, China
| | - Lizi Cheng
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Shenzhen Entry and Exit Border Inspection Station Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan Guangdong, China
| | - Min Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275.
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275.
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Ecke M, Prassler J, Gerisch G. Genetic Instability Due to Spindle Anomalies Visualized in Mutants of Dictyostelium. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092240. [PMID: 34571889 PMCID: PMC8469108 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant centrosome activities in mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum result in anomalies of mitotic spindles that affect the reliability of chromosome segregation. Genetic instabilities caused by these deficiencies are tolerated in multinucleate cells, which can be produced by electric-pulse induced cell fusion as a source for aberrations in the mitotic apparatus of the mutant cells. Dual-color fluorescence labeling of the microtubule system and the chromosomes in live cells revealed the variability of spindle arrangements, of centrosome-nuclear interactions, and of chromosome segregation in the atypical mitoses observed.
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Ghasemizadeh A, Christin E, Guiraud A, Couturier N, Abitbol M, Risson V, Girard E, Jagla C, Soler C, Laddada L, Sanchez C, Jaque-Fernandez FI, Jacquemond V, Thomas JL, Lanfranchi M, Courchet J, Gondin J, Schaeffer L, Gache V. MACF1 controls skeletal muscle function through the microtubule-dependent localization of extra-synaptic myonuclei and mitochondria biogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e70490. [PMID: 34448452 PMCID: PMC8500715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds of multinucleated muscle fibers (myofibers) whose myonuclei are regularly positioned all along the myofiber's periphery except the few ones clustered underneath the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at the synaptic zone. This precise myonuclei organization is altered in different types of muscle disease, including centronuclear myopathies (CNMs). However, the molecular machinery regulating myonuclei position and organization in mature myofibers remains largely unknown. Conversely, it is also unclear how peripheral myonuclei positioning is lost in the related muscle diseases. Here, we describe the microtubule-associated protein, MACF1, as an essential and evolutionary conserved regulator of myonuclei positioning and maintenance, in cultured mammalian myotubes, in Drosophila muscle, and in adult mammalian muscle using a conditional muscle-specific knockout mouse model. In vitro, we show that MACF1 controls microtubules dynamics and contributes to microtubule stabilization during myofiber's maturation. In addition, we demonstrate that MACF1 regulates the microtubules density specifically around myonuclei, and, as a consequence, governs myonuclei motion. Our in vivo studies show that MACF1 deficiency is associated with alteration of extra-synaptic myonuclei positioning and microtubules network organization, both preceding NMJ fragmentation. Accordingly, MACF1 deficiency results in reduced muscle excitability and disorganized triads, leaving voltage-activated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and maximal muscle force unchanged. Finally, adult MACF1-KO mice present an improved resistance to fatigue correlated with a strong increase in mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghasemizadeh
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emilie Christin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Alexandre Guiraud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marie Abitbol
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
- Université Marcy l’Etoile, VetAgro SupLyonFrance
| | - Valerie Risson
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Christophe Jagla
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Cedric Soler
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Lilia Laddada
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Francisco-Ignacio Jaque-Fernandez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Jean-Luc Thomas
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Courchet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Gache
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
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Goering JP, Wenger LW, Stetsiv M, Moedritzer M, Hall EG, Isai DG, Jack BM, Umar Z, Rickabaugh MK, Czirok A, Saadi I. In-frame deletion of SPECC1L microtubule association domain results in gain-of-function phenotypes affecting embryonic tissue movement and fusion events. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:18-31. [PMID: 34302166 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with autosomal dominant SPECC1L variants show syndromic malformations, including hypertelorism, cleft palate and omphalocele. These SPECC1L variants largely cluster in the second coiled-coil domain (CCD2), which facilitates association with microtubules. To study SPECC1L function in mice, we first generated a null allele (Specc1lΔEx4) lacking the entire SPECC1L protein. Homozygous mutants for these truncations died perinatally without cleft palate or omphalocele. Given the clustering of human variants in CCD2, we hypothesized that targeted perturbation of CCD2 may be required. Indeed, homozygotes for in-frame deletions involving CCD2 (Specc1lΔCCD2) resulted in exencephaly, cleft palate and ventral body wall closure defects (omphalocele). Interestingly, exencephaly and cleft palate were never observed in the same embryo. Further examination revealed a narrower oral cavity in exencephalic embryos, which allowed palatal shelves to elevate and fuse despite their defect. In the cell, wildtype SPECC1L was evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and colocalized with both microtubules and filamentous actin. In contrast, mutant SPECC1L-ΔCCD2 protein showed abnormal perinuclear accumulation with diminished overlap with microtubules, indicating that SPECC1L used microtubule association for trafficking in the cell. The perinuclear accumulation in the mutant also resulted in abnormally increased actin and non-muscle myosin II bundles dislocated to the cell periphery. Disrupted actomyosin cytoskeletal organization in SPECC1L CCD2 mutants would affect cell alignment and coordinated movement during neural tube, palate and ventral body wall closure. Thus, we show that perturbation of CCD2 in the context of full SPECC1L protein affects tissue fusion dynamics, indicating that human SPECC1L CCD2 variants are gain-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Goering
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Luke W Wenger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Marta Stetsiv
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Michael Moedritzer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Everett G Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dona Greta Isai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Brittany M Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Zaid Umar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Madison K Rickabaugh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest 1053, Hungary
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Rasamizafy SF, Delsert C, Rabeharivelo G, Cau J, Morin N, van Dijk J. Mitotic Acetylation of Microtubules Promotes Centrosomal PLK1 Recruitment and Is Required to Maintain Bipolar Spindle Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:1859. [PMID: 34440628 PMCID: PMC8394630 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin post-translational modifications regulate microtubule properties and functions. Mitotic spindle microtubules are highly modified. While tubulin detyrosination promotes proper mitotic progression by recruiting specific microtubule-associated proteins motors, tubulin acetylation that occurs on specific microtubule subsets during mitosis is less well understood. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated depletion of the tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 in epithelial cells leads to a prolonged prometaphase arrest and the formation of monopolar spindles. This results from collapse of bipolar spindles, as previously described in cells deficient for the mitotic kinase PLK1. ATAT1-depleted mitotic cells have defective recruitment of PLK1 to centrosomes, defects in centrosome maturation and thus microtubule nucleation, as well as labile microtubule-kinetochore attachments. Spindle bipolarity could be restored, in the absence of ATAT1, by stabilizing microtubule plus-ends or by increasing PLK1 activity at centrosomes, demonstrating that the phenotype is not just a consequence of lack of K-fiber stability. We propose that microtubule acetylation of K-fibers is required for a recently evidenced cross talk between centrosomes and kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Fenosoa Rasamizafy
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Delsert
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la mer, L3AS, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Gabriel Rabeharivelo
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cau
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- IGH, CNRS UMR 9002, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Rio Imaging, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette van Dijk
- Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.F.R.); (C.D.); (G.R.); (J.C.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Zheng J, Tian N, Liu F, Zhang Y, Su J, Gao Y, Deng M, Wei L, Ye J, Li H, Wang JZ. A novel dephosphorylation targeting chimera selectively promoting tau removal in tauopathies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:269. [PMID: 34262014 PMCID: PMC8280143 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a hallmark pathology shown in over twenty neurodegenerative disorders, collectively termed as tauopathies, including the most common Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, selectively removing or reducing hyperphosphorylated tau is promising for therapies of AD and other tauopathies. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel DEPhosphorylation TArgeting Chimera (DEPTAC) to specifically facilitate the binding of tau to Bα-subunit-containing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-Bα), the most active tau phosphatase in the brain. The DEPTAC exhibited high efficiency in dephosphorylating tau at multiple AD-associated sites and preventing tau accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that DEPTAC significantly improved microtubule assembly, neurite plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in transgenic mice with inducible overexpression of truncated and neurotoxic human tau N368. Our data provide a strategy for selective removal of the hyperphosphorylated tau, which sheds new light for the targeted therapy of AD and related-tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfen Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingmin Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyu Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwang Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Ergen FB, Cosan DT, Kandemir T, Dag İ, Mutlu F, Cosan TE. An Enriched Environment Leads to Increased Synaptic Plasticity-Associated miRNA Levels after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105766. [PMID: 33866227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), impairments in motor and cognitive functions may occur and continue in later periods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can directly or indirectly affect synaptic reconstruction. mir-132, mir-134, and mir-138 are the leading miRNAs that can be effective on some neurological functions through its effects on synaptic plasticity in the relevant brain areas. In our study, it was aimed to determine the levels of miRNAs in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of rats exposed to different environmental conditions after the experimental SAH. METHODS SAH was created using the cisterna magna double blood-injection method. Brain tissues were collected at different times after the last blood injection. Rats were grouped according to the different environmental conditions in which they were kept. Expression levels of miRNAs were performed by qPCR and ultrastructural changes in samples were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS After SAH, miR-132, miR-134, and miR-138 expressions in the frontal lobes of rats increased in impoverished environment on the 7th day and in the enriched environment on the 14th day. It was observed that the myelin and microtubule structures in the axons that were disrupted after SAH were more organized and stable in the enriched environment. CONCLUSIONS After SAH, different environmental conditions may affect the miRNA levels associated with synaptic plasticity and microtubule organization in the frontal lobe, and this might have some effects especially on cognitive and motor functions related to this brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Buge Ergen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Didem Turgut Cosan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Turan Kandemir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - İlknur Dag
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey; Vocational Health Services High School, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fezan Mutlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Erhan Cosan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Li Y, Huang Y, Wen Y, Wang D, Liu H, Li Y, Zhao J, An L, Yu F, Liu X. The domain of unknown function 4005 (DUF4005) in an Arabidopsis IQD protein functions in microtubule binding. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100849. [PMID: 34058197 PMCID: PMC8246641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic responses of microtubules (MTs) to internal and external signals are modulated by a plethora of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In higher plants, many plant-specific MAPs have emerged during evolution as advantageous to their sessile lifestyle. Some members of the IQ67 domain (IQD) protein family have been shown to be plant-specific MAPs. However, the mechanisms of interaction between IQD proteins and MTs remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that the domain of unknown function 4005 (DUF4005) of the Arabidopsis IQD family protein ABS6/AtIQD16 is a novel MT-binding domain. Cosedimentation assays showed that the DUF4005 domain binds directly to MTs in vitro. GFP-labeled DUF4005 also decorates all types of MT arrays tested in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that a conserved stretch of 15 amino acid residues within the DUF4005 domain, which shares sequence similarity with the C-terminal MT-binding domain of human MAP Kif18A, is required for the binding to MTs. Transgenic lines overexpressing the DUF4005 domain displayed a spectrum of developmental defects, including spiral growth and stunted growth at the organismal level. At the cellular level, DUF4005 overexpression caused defects in epidermal pavement cell and trichome morphogenesis, as well as abnormal anisotropic cell elongation in the hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings. These data establish that the DUF4005 domain of ABS6/AtIQD16 is a new MT-binding domain, overexpression of which perturbs MT homeostasis in plants. Our findings provide new insights into the MT-binding mechanisms of plant IQD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunze Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Lau EOC, Damiani D, Chehade G, Ruiz-Reig N, Saade R, Jossin Y, Aittaleb M, Schakman O, Tajeddine N, Gailly P, Tissir F. DIAPH3 deficiency links microtubules to mitotic errors, defective neurogenesis, and brain dysfunction. eLife 2021; 10:e61974. [PMID: 33899739 PMCID: PMC8102060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphanous (DIAPH) three (DIAPH3) is a member of the formin proteins that have the capacity to nucleate and elongate actin filaments and, therefore, to remodel the cytoskeleton. DIAPH3 is essential for cytokinesis as its dysfunction impairs the contractile ring and produces multinucleated cells. Here, we report that DIAPH3 localizes at the centrosome during mitosis and regulates the assembly and bipolarity of the mitotic spindle. DIAPH3-deficient cells display disorganized cytoskeleton and multipolar spindles. DIAPH3 deficiency disrupts the expression and/or stability of several proteins including the kinetochore-associated protein SPAG5. DIAPH3 and SPAG5 have similar expression patterns in the developing brain and overlapping subcellular localization during mitosis. Knockdown of SPAG5 phenocopies DIAPH3 deficiency, whereas its overexpression rescues the DIAHP3 knockdown phenotype. Conditional inactivation of Diaph3 in mouse cerebral cortex profoundly disrupts neurogenesis, depleting cortical progenitors and neurons, leading to cortical malformation and autistic-like behavior. Our data uncover the uncharacterized functions of DIAPH3 and provide evidence that this protein belongs to a molecular toolbox that links microtubule dynamics during mitosis to aneuploidy, cell death, fate determination defects, and cortical malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva On-Chai Lau
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental NeurobiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Devid Damiani
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental NeurobiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Georges Chehade
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental NeurobiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental NeurobiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rana Saade
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental NeurobiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Yves Jossin
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Mammalian Development and Cell BiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Olivier Schakman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Cell PhysiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Nicolas Tajeddine
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Cell PhysiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Cell PhysiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental NeurobiologyBrusselsBelgium
- College of Health and Life Sciences, HBKUDohaQatar
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49
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Li Y, Deng M, Liu H, Li Y, Chen Y, Jia M, Xue H, Shao J, Zhao J, Qi Y, An L, Yu F, Liu X. ABNORMAL SHOOT 6 interacts with KATANIN 1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 to promote cortical microtubule severing and ordering in Arabidopsis. J Integr Plant Biol 2021; 63:646-661. [PMID: 32761943 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant interphase cortical microtubules (cMTs) mediate anisotropic cell expansion in response to environmental and developmental cues. In Arabidopsis thaliana, KATANIN 1 (KTN1), the p60 catalytic subunit of the conserved MT-severing enzyme katanin, is essential for cMT ordering and anisotropic cell expansion. However, the regulation of KTN1-mediated cMT severing and ordering remains unclear. In this work, we report that the Arabidopsis IQ67 DOMAIN (IQD) family gene ABNORMAL SHOOT 6 (ABS6) encodes a MT-associated protein. Overexpression of ABS6 leads to elongated cotyledons, directional pavement cell expansion, and highly ordered transverse cMT arrays. Genetic suppressor analysis revealed that ABS6-mediated cMT ordering is dependent on KTN1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 (SAV4). Live imaging of cMT dynamics showed that both ABS6 and SAV4 function as positive regulators of cMT severing. Furthermore, ABS6 directly interacts with KTN1 and SAV4 and promotes their recruitment to the cMTs. Finally, analysis of loss-of-function mutant combinations showed that ABS6, SAV4, and KTN1 work together to ensure the robust ethylene response in the apical hook of dark-grown seedlings. Together, our findings establish ABS6 and SAV4 as positive regulators of cMT severing and ordering, and highlight the role of cMT dynamics in fine-tuning differential growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Meng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Min Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jingxia Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yafei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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50
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Wu S, Lv L, Li L, Wang L, Mao B, Li J, Shen X, Ge R, Wong CKC, Sun F, Cheng CY. KIF15 supports spermatogenesis via its effects on Sertoli cell microtubule, actin, vimentin, and septin cytoskeletons. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6102572. [PMID: 33453102 PMCID: PMC7883770 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Throughout spermatogenesis, cellular cargoes including haploid spermatids are required to be transported across the seminiferous epithelium, either toward the microtubule (MT) plus (+) end near the basement membrane at stage V, or to the MT minus (-) end near the tubule lumen at stages VI to VIII of the epithelial cycle. Furthermore, preleptotene spermatocytes, differentiated from type B spermatogonia, are transported across the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier (BTB) to enter the adluminal compartment. Few studies, however, have been conducted to explore the function of MT-dependent motor proteins to support spermatid transport during spermiogenesis. Herein, we examined the role of MT-dependent and microtubule plus (+) end-directed motor protein kinesin 15 (KIF15) in the testis. KIF15 displayed a stage-specific expression across the seminiferous epithelium, associated with MTs, and appeared as aggregates on the MT tracks that aligned perpendicular to the basement membrane and laid across the entire epithelium. KIF15 also tightly associated with apical ectoplasmic specialization, displaying strict stage-specific distribution, apparently to support spermatid transport across the epithelium. We used a loss-of-function approach by RNAi to examine the role of KIF15 in Sertoli cell epithelium in vitro to examine its role in cytoskeletal-dependent Sertoli cell function. It was noted that KIF15 knockdown by RNAi that reduced KIF15 expression by ~70% in Sertoli cells with an established functional tight junction barrier impeded the barrier function. This effect was mediated through remarkable changes in the cytoskeletal organization of MTs, but also actin-, vimentin-, and septin-based cytoskeletons, illustrating that KIF15 exerts its regulatory effects well beyond microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lixiu Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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