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Chen T, Gu Y, Bai GH, Liu X, Chen B, Fan Q, Liu JG, Tian Y. MiR-1a-3p Inhibits Apoptosis in Fluoride-exposed LS8 Cells by Targeting Map3k1. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2720-2729. [PMID: 37782397 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental fluorosis is a common chemical disease. It is currently unclear how fluorosis occurs at the molecular level. We used miRNA-seq to look at the differences between miRNAs in the cell line of ameloblasts LS8 that had been treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF. We also performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. miR-1a-3p levels were significantly lower in mouse LS8 cells treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF, and miR-1a-3p-targeted genes were significantly enriched in the MAPK pathway. LS8 cells were divided into four groups: control, NaF, NaF+miR-1a-3p mimics, and NaF+miR-1a-3p mimics normal control groups. Cellular morphology was observed by an inverted microscope, and the proliferation activity of LS8 cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), transcription levels of miR-1a-3p and Map3k1 were detected. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Map3k1, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, p-p38MAPK, and p-ERK1/2 were measured by Western blot. After bioinformatics analysis, we used a luciferase reporter assay (LRA) to validate the target of miR-1a-3p, showing that miR-1a-3p could inhibit apoptosis while increasing proliferation in fluoride-exposed LS8 cells. Generally, miR-1a-3p might directly inhibit Map3k1, reduce MAPK signal pathway activation, and promote phosphorylation. Thus, our findings revealed that the interaction of miR-1a-3p with its target gene Map3k1 and MAPK signal pathway might decrease the apoptosis of LS8 cells treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guo-Hui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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2
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Otake S, Saito K, Chiba Y, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. S100a6 knockdown promotes the differentiation of dental epithelial cells toward the epidermal lineage instead of the odontogenic lineage. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23608. [PMID: 38593315 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302412rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Tooth development is a complex process involving various signaling pathways and genes. Recent findings suggest that ion channels and transporters, including the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, may be involved in tooth formation. However, our knowledge in this regard is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of S100 family members and their functions during tooth formation. Tooth germs were extracted from the embryonic and post-natal mice and the expression of S100a6 was examined. Additionally, the effects of S100a6 knockdown and calcium treatment on S100a6 expression and the proliferation of SF2 cells were examined. Microarrays and single-cell RNA-sequencing indicated that S100a6 was highly expressed in ameloblasts. Immunostaining of mouse tooth germs showed that S100a6 was expressed in ameloblasts but not in the undifferentiated dental epithelium. Additionally, S100a6 was localized to the calcification-forming side in enamel-forming ameloblasts. Moreover, siRNA-mediated S100a6 knockdown in ameloblasts reduced intracellular calcium concentration and the expression of ameloblast marker genes, indicating that S100a6 is associated with ameloblast differentiation. Furthermore, S100a6 knockdown inhibited the ERK/PI3K signaling pathway, suppressed ameloblast proliferation, and promoted the differentiation of the dental epithelium toward epidermal lineage. Conclusively, S100a6 knockdown in the dental epithelium suppresses cell proliferation via calcium and intracellular signaling and promotes differentiation of the dental epithelium toward the epidermal lineage.
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Grants
- 23H03109 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 21J21873 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22H03296 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22H00488 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20K20612 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Otake
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Yang DW, Kang JH, Kim MS, Kim SH. Regulatory role of N-myc downregulated genes in amelogenesis in rats. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:149-157. [PMID: 38407765 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytodifferentiation of odontogenic cells, a late stage event in odontogenesis is based on gene regulation. However, studies on the identification of the involved genes are scarce. The present study aimed to search for molecules for the cytodifferentiation of ameloblastic cells in rats. Differential display-PCR revealed a differentially expressed gene between cap/early bell stage and hard tissue formation stage in molars. This gene was identified as N-myc Downregulated Gene 1 (Ndrg1), which is the first report in tooth development. Real time PCR and western blotting confirmed that the mRNA level of Ndrg1 was higher during enamel formation than the cap stage. Ndrg1 expression was upregulated in the early bell, crown, and root stages in a time-dependent manner. These patterns of expression were similar in Ndrg2, but Ndrg3 and Ndrg4 levels did not change during the developmental stages. Immunofluorescence revealed that strong immunoreactivity against Ndrg1 were detected in differentiated ameloblasts only, not inner enamel epithelium, odontoblasts and ameloblastic cells in defected enamel regions. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red s stains along with real time PCR, revealed that Ndrg1 and Ndrg2 were involved in cytodifferentiation and enamel matrix mineralization by selectively regulating amelogenin and ameloblastin genes in SF2 ameloblastic cells. These results suggest that Ndrg may play a crucial functional role in the cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts for amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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4
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He B, Kram V, Furusawa T, Duverger O, Chu E, Nanduri R, Ishikawa M, Zhang P, Amendt B, Lee J, Bustin M. Epigenetic Regulation of Ameloblast Differentiation by HMGN Proteins. J Dent Res 2024; 103:51-61. [PMID: 37950483 PMCID: PMC10850876 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231202468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel formation is coordinated by ameloblast differentiation, production of enamel matrix proteins, and crystal growth. The factors regulating ameloblast differentiation are not fully understood. Here we show that the high mobility group N (HMGN) nucleosomal binding proteins modulate the rate of ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. We found that HMGN1 and HMGN2 proteins are downregulated during mouse ameloblast differentiation. Genetically altered mice lacking HMGN1 and HMGN2 proteins show faster ameloblast differentiation and a higher rate of enamel deposition in mice molars and incisors. In vitro differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to dental epithelium cells showed that HMGN proteins modulate the expression and chromatin accessibility of ameloblast-specific genes and affect the binding of transcription factors epiprofin and PITX2 to ameloblast-specific genes. Our results suggest that HMGN proteins regulate ameloblast differentiation and enamel mineralization by modulating lineage-specific chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding to ameloblast regulatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V. Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones & Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Furusawa
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - O. Duverger
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E.Y. Chu
- Department of General Dentistry, Operative Division, University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R. Nanduri
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Ishikawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P. Zhang
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J.S. Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Zhu X, Ma Z, Xie F, Wang J. ASH2L, Core Subunit of H3K4 Methylation Complex, Regulates Amelogenesis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:81-90. [PMID: 37990471 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231207309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation assumes a crucial role in the intricate process of enamel development. Our study has illuminated the substantial prevalence of H3K4me3 distribution, spanning from the cap stage to the late bell stage of dental germs. In order to delve into the role of H3K4me3 modification in amelogenesis and unravel the underlying mechanisms, we performed a conditional knockout of Ash2l, a core subunit essential for the establishment of H3K4me3 within the dental epithelium of mice. The absence of Ash2l resulted in reduced H3K4me3 modification, subsequently leading to abnormal morphology of dental germ at the late bell stage. Notably, knockout of Ash2l resulted in a loss of polarity in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. The proliferation and apoptosis of the inner enamel epithelium cells underwent dysregulation. Moreover, there was a notable reduction in the expression of matrix-related genes, Amelx and Dspp, accompanied with impaired enamel and dentin formation. Cut&Tag-seq (cleavage under targets and tagmentation sequencing) analysis substantiated a reduction of H3K4me3 modification on Shh, Trp63, Sp6, and others in the dental epithelium of Ash2l knockout mice. Validation through real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence consistently affirmed the observed downregulation of Shh and Sp6 in the dental epithelium following Ash2l knockout. Intriguingly, the expression of Trp63 isomers, DNp63 and TAp63, was perturbed in Ash2l defect dental epithelium. Furthermore, the downstream target of TAp63, P21, exhibited aberrant expression within the cervical loop of mandibular first molars and incisors. Collectively, our findings suggest that ASH2L orchestrates the regulation of crucial amelogenesis-associated genes, such as Shh, Trp63, and others, by modulating H3K4me3 modification. Loss of ASH2L and H3K4me3 can lead to aberrant differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of the dental epithelium by affecting the expression of Shh, Trp63, and others genes, thereby contributing to the defects of amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - F Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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6
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Kim HY, Cooley V, Kim EJ, Li S, Lee JM, Sheyfer D, Liu W, Klein OD, Joester D, Jung HS. Adult dental epithelial stem cell-derived organoids deposit hydroxylapatite biomineral. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:55. [PMID: 38062012 PMCID: PMC10703793 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized cells derived from the dental epithelium that produce enamel, a hierarchically structured tissue comprised of highly elongated hydroxylapatite (OHAp) crystallites. The unique function of the epithelial cells synthesizing crystallites and assembling them in a mechanically robust structure is not fully elucidated yet, partly due to limitations with in vitro experimental models. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to generate mineralizing dental epithelial organoids (DEOs) from adult dental epithelial stem cells (aDESCs) isolated from mouse incisor tissues. DEOs expressed ameloblast markers, could be maintained for more than five months (11 passages) in vitro in media containing modulators of Wnt, Egf, Bmp, Fgf and Notch signaling pathways, and were amenable to cryostorage. When transplanted underneath murine kidney capsules, organoids produced OHAp crystallites similar in composition, size, and shape to mineralized dental tissues, including some enamel-like elongated crystals. DEOs are thus a powerful in vitro model to study mineralization process by dental epithelium, which can pave the way to understanding amelogenesis and developing regenerative therapy of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Cooley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Gruper Y, Wolff ASB, Glanz L, Spoutil F, Marthinussen MC, Osickova A, Herzig Y, Goldfarb Y, Aranaz-Novaliches G, Dobeš J, Kadouri N, Ben-Nun O, Binyamin A, Lavi B, Givony T, Khalaila R, Gome T, Wald T, Mrazkova B, Sochen C, Besnard M, Ben-Dor S, Feldmesser E, Orlova EM, Hegedűs C, Lampé I, Papp T, Felszeghy S, Sedlacek R, Davidovich E, Tal N, Shouval DS, Shamir R, Guillonneau C, Szondy Z, Lundin KEA, Osicka R, Prochazka J, Husebye ES, Abramson J. Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease. Nature 2023; 624:653-662. [PMID: 37993717 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis1. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta2. Defects in enamel formation are also found in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1), caused by AIRE deficiency3,4, and in patients diagnosed with coeliac disease5-7. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the vast majority of patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease develop autoantibodies (mostly of the IgA isotype) against ameloblast-specific proteins, the expression of which is induced by AIRE in the thymus. This in turn results in a breakdown of central tolerance, and subsequent generation of corresponding autoantibodies that interfere with enamel formation. However, in coeliac disease, the generation of such autoantibodies seems to be driven by a breakdown of peripheral tolerance to intestinal antigens that are also expressed in enamel tissue. Both conditions are examples of a previously unidentified type of IgA-dependent autoimmune disorder that we collectively name autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Liad Glanz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway/Vestland, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Goretti Aranaz-Novaliches
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Binyamin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bar Lavi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomáš Wald
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Mrazkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Carmel Sochen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marine Besnard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisaveta M Orlova
- Endocrinological Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lampé
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Esti Davidovich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Shin M, Matsushima A, Nagao JI, Tanaka Y, Harada H, Okabe K, Bartlett JD. Mobility gene expression differences among wild-type, Mmp20 null and Mmp20 over-expresser mice plus visualization of 3D mouse ameloblast directional movement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18829. [PMID: 37914726 PMCID: PMC10620228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel forming ameloblasts move away from the dentino-enamel junction and also move relative to each other to establish enamel shape during the secretory stage of enamel development. Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) is a tooth specific proteinase essential for proper enamel formation. We previously reported that MMP20 cleaves cadherins and may regulate ameloblast movement. Here, we used an Amelx promoter driven tdTomato reporter to label mouse ameloblasts. With these transgenic mice, we assessed ameloblast mobility group dynamics and gene expression. Three-dimensional imaging of mouse ameloblasts were observed in hemi-mandibles by using a tissue clearing technique. The three-dimensional ameloblast layer in Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice that overexpress MMP20 was uneven and the ameloblasts migrated away from this layer. Mouse ameloblast movement toward incisal tips was monitored by ex vivo time-lapse imaging. Gene expression related to cell migration and adhesion was analyzed in ameloblasts from wild-type mice, Mmp20-/- mice with no functional MMP20 and from Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) overexpressing mice. Gene expression was altered in Mmp20-/- and Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice compared to wild type. Among the genes assessed, those encoding laminins and a gap junction protein were upregulated in Mmp20-/- mice. New techniques and findings described in this study may lead to an improved understanding of ameloblast movement during enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shin
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Aya Matsushima
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nagao
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tanaka
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Divison of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Alghadeer A, Hanson-Drury S, Patni AP, Ehnes DD, Zhao YT, Li Z, Phal A, Vincent T, Lim YC, O'Day D, Spurrell CH, Gogate AA, Zhang H, Devi A, Wang Y, Starita L, Doherty D, Glass IA, Shendure J, Freedman BS, Baker D, Regier MC, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Single-cell census of human tooth development enables generation of human enamel. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2163-2180.e9. [PMID: 37582367 PMCID: PMC10629594 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Tooth enamel secreted by ameloblasts (AMs) is the hardest material in the human body, acting as a shield to protect the teeth. However, the enamel is gradually damaged or partially lost in over 90% of adults and cannot be regenerated due to a lack of ameloblasts in erupted teeth. Here, we use single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing (sci-RNA-seq) to establish a spatiotemporal single-cell census for the developing human tooth and identify regulatory mechanisms controlling the differentiation process of human ameloblasts. We identify key signaling pathways involved between the support cells and ameloblasts during fetal development and recapitulate those findings in human ameloblast in vitro differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We furthermore develop a disease model of amelogenesis imperfecta in a three-dimensional (3D) organoid system and show AM maturation to mineralized structure in vivo. These studies pave the way for future regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Alghadeer
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sesha Hanson-Drury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anjali P Patni
- Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Devon D Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zicong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashish Phal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yen C Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Diana O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cailyn H Spurrell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aishwarya A Gogate
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lea Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98109
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary C Regier
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Ruspita I, Das P, Miyoshi K, Noma T, Snead ML, Bei M. Enam expression is regulated by Msx2. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1292-1302. [PMID: 37191055 PMCID: PMC10592542 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise formation of mineralized dental tissues such as enamel and/or dentin require tight transcriptional control of the secretion of matrix proteins. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the second most prominent enamel matrix protein, enamelin, and its regulation through the major odontogenic transcription factor, MSX2. RESULTS Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we identified that (a) Enam expression is reduced in the Msx2 mouse mutant pre-secretory and secretory ameloblasts, (b) Enam is an early response gene whose expression is under the control of Msx2, (c) Msx2 binds to Enam promoter in vitro, suggesting that enam is a direct target for Msx2 and that (d) Msx2 alone represses Enam gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results illustrate that Enam gene expression is controlled by Msx2 in a spatio-temporal manner. They also suggest that Msx2 may interact with other transcription factors to control spatial and temporal expression of Enam and hence amelogenesis and enamel biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Ruspita
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pragnya Das
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noma
- Faculty of Human Life Studies, Hiroshima Jogakuin University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Malcolm L. Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, LA, CA
| | - Marianna Bei
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
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11
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Nag P, Inubushi T, Sasaki JI, Murotani T, Kusano S, Nakanishi Y, Shiraishi Y, Kurosaka H, Imazato S, Yamaguchi Y, Yamashiro T. Tmem2 Deficiency Leads to Enamel Hypoplasia and Soft Enamel in Mouse. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1162-1171. [PMID: 37449307 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth consist of 3 mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, and cementum. Tooth malformation, the most common craniofacial anomaly, arises from complex genetic and environmental factors affecting enamel structure, size, shape, and tooth eruption. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a primary extracellular matrix component, contributes to structural and physiological functions in periodontal tissue. Transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2), a novel cell surface hyaluronidase, has been shown to play a critical role during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate Tmem2 messenger RNA expression in inner enamel epithelium and presecretory, secretory, and mature ameloblasts. Tmem2 knock-in reporter mice reveal TMEM2 protein localization at the apical and basal ends of secretory ameloblasts. Micro-computed tomography analysis of epithelial-specific Tmem2 conditional knockout (Tmem2-CKO) mice shows a significant reduction in enamel layer thickness and severe enamel deficiency. Enamel matrix protein expression was remarkably downregulated in Tmem2-CKO mice. Scanning electron microscopy of enamel from Tmem2-CKO mice revealed an irregular enamel prism structure, while the microhardness and density of enamel were significantly reduced, indicating impaired ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix mineralization. Histological evaluation indicated weak adhesion between cells and the basement membrane in Tmem2-CKO mice. The reduced and irregular expressions of vinculin and integrin β1 suggest that Tmem2 deficiency attenuated focal adhesion formation. In addition, abnormal HA accumulation in the ameloblast layer and weak claudin 1 immunoreactivity in Tmem2-CKO mice indicate impaired tight junction gate function. Irregular actin filament assembly was also observed at the apical and basal ends of secretory ameloblasts. Last, we demonstrated that Tmem2-deficient mHAT9d mouse ameloblasts exhibit defective adhesion to HA-containing substrates in vitro. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of TMEM2 in adhesion to HA-rich extracellular matrix, cell-to-cell adhesion, ameloblast differentiation, and enamel matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - J I Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Murotani
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kusano
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakanishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Shin M, Matsushima A, Kajiya H, Okamoto F, Ogata K, Oka K, Ohshima H, Bartlett JD, Okabe K. Conditional knockout of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 in the enamel epithelium: Effects on enamel formation. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12920. [PMID: 36794562 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a unique ion channel connected to a kinase domain. We previously demonstrated that Trpm7 expression is high in mouse ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and that amelogenesis is impaired in TRPM7 kinase-dead mice. Here, we analyzed TRPM7 function during amelogenesis in Keratin 14-Cre;Trpm7fl/fl conditional knockout (cKO) mice and Trpm7 knockdown cell lines. cKO mice showed lesser tooth pigmentation than control mice and broken incisor tips. Enamel calcification and microhardness were lower in cKO mice. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the calcium and phosphorus contents in the enamel were lower in cKO mouse than in control mice. The ameloblast layer in cKO mice showed ameloblast dysplasia at the maturation stage. The morphological defects were observed in rat SF2 cells with Trpm7 knockdown. Compared with mock transfectants, the Trpm7 knockdown cell lines showed lower levels of calcification with Alizarin Red-positive staining and an impaired intercellular adhesion structures. These findings suggest that TRPM7 is a critical ion channel in enamel calcification for the effective morphogenesis of ameloblasts during amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shin
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Matsushima
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fujio Okamoto
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ogata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Koji Okabe
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Chiba Y, Yoshizaki K, Sato H, Ikeuchi T, Rhodes C, Chiba M, Saito K, Nakamura T, Iwamoto T, Yamada A, Yamada Y, Fukumoto S. Deficiency of G protein-coupled receptor Gpr111/Adgrf2 causes enamel hypomineralization in mice by alteration of the expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (Klk4) during pH cycling process. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22861. [PMID: 36929047 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202053r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is formed by the repetitive secretion of a tooth-specific extracellular matrix and its decomposition. Calcification of the enamel matrix via hydroxyapatite (HAP) maturation requires pH cycling to be tightly regulated through the neutralization of protons released during HAP synthesis. We found that Gpr115, which responds to changes in extracellular pH, plays an important role in enamel formation. Gpr115-deficient mice show partial enamel hypomineralization, suggesting that other pH-responsive molecules may be involved. In this study, we focused on the role of Gpr111/Adgrf2, a duplicate gene of Gpr115, in tooth development. Gpr111 was highly expressed in mature ameloblasts. Gpr111-KO mice showed enamel hypomineralization. Dysplasia of enamel rods and high carbon content seen in Gpr111-deficient mice suggested the presence of residual enamel matrices in enamel. Depletion of Gpr111 in dental epithelial cells induced the expression of ameloblast-specific protease, kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (Klk4), suggesting that Gpr111 may act as a suppressor of Klk4 expression. Moreover, reduction of extracellular pH to 6.8 suppressed the expression of Gpr111, while the converse increased Klk4 expression. Such induction of Klk4 was synergistically enhanced by Gpr111 knockdown, suggesting that proper enamel mineralization may be linked to the modulation of Klk4 expression by Gpr111. Furthermore, our in vitro suppression of Gpr111 and Gpr115 expression indicated that their suppressive effect on calcification was additive. These results suggest that both Gpr111 and Gpr115 respond to extracellular pH, contribute to the expression of proteolytic enzymes, and regulate the pH cycle, thereby playing important roles in enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Chiba
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig Rhodes
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitsuki Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Souza Bomfim GH, Giacomello M, Lacruz RS. PMCA Ca 2+ clearance in dental enamel cells depends on the magnitude of cytosolic Ca 2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22679. [PMID: 36515675 PMCID: PMC11006021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enamel formation (amelogenesis) is a two-step process whereby crystals partially grow during the secretory stage followed by a significant growth expansion during the maturation stage concurrent with an increase in vectorial Ca2+ transport. This requires tight regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ (c Ca2+ ) concentration in the enamel forming ameloblasts by controlling Ca2+ influx (entry) and Ca2+ extrusion (clearance). Gene and protein expression studies suggest that the plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPases (PMCA1-4) are likely involved in c Ca2+ extrusion in ameloblasts, yet no functional analysis of these pumps has been reported nor whether their activity changes across amelogenesis. PMCAs have high Ca2+ affinity and low Ca2+ clearance which may be a limiting factor in their contribution to enamel formation as maturation stage ameloblasts handle high Ca2+ loads. We analyzed PMCA function in rat secretory and maturation ameloblasts by blocking or potentiating these pumps. Low/moderate elevations in c Ca2+ measured using the Ca2+ probe Fura-2-AM show that secretory ameloblasts clear Ca2+ faster than maturation stage cells through PMCAs. This process was completely inhibited by an external alkaline (pH 9.0) solution or was significantly delayed by the PMCA blockers vanadate and caloxin 1b1. Eliciting higher c Ca2+ transients via the activation of the ORAI1 Ca2+ channel showed that the PMCAs of maturation ameloblasts were more efficient. Inhibiting PMCAs decreased the rate of Ca2+ influx via ORAI1 but potentiation with forskolin had no effect. Our findings suggest that PMCAs are functional Ca2+ pumps during amelogenesis regulating c Ca2+ upon low and/or moderate Ca2+ stimulus in secretory stage, thus participating in amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Zheng X, Huang W, He Z, Li Y, Li S, Song Y. Effects of Fam83h truncation mutation on enamel developmental defects in male C57/BL6J mice. Bone 2023; 166:116595. [PMID: 36272714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Truncation mutations in family with sequence similarity, member H (FAM83H) gene are considered the main cause of autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI); however, its pathogenic mechanism in amelogenesis remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of truncated FAM83H on developmental defects in enamel. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to develop a novel Fam83h c.1186C > T (p.Q396*) knock-in mouse strain, homologous to the human FAM83H c.1192C > T mutation in ADHCAI. The Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice showed poor growth, a sparse and scruffy coat, scaly skin and early mortality compared to control mice. Moreover, the forelimbs of homozygous mice were swollen, exhibiting a significant inflammatory response. Incisors of Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice appeared chalky white, shorter, and less sharp than those of control mice, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and Prussian blue staining helped identify decreased iron and increased calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels, with an unchanged Ca/P ratio. The expression of iron transportation proteins, transferrin receptor (TFRC) and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1), was decreased in Fam83h-mutated ameloblasts. Micro-computed tomography revealed enamel defects in Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice. Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ enamel showed decreased Vickers hardness and distorted enamel rod structure and ameloblast arrangement. mRNA sequencing showed that the cell adhesion pathway was most notably clustered in LS8-Fam83h-mutated cells. Immunofluorescence analysis further revealed decreased protein expression of desmoglein 3, a component of desmosomes, in Fam83h-mutated ameloblasts. The FAM83H-casein kinase 1α (CK1α)-keratin 14 (K14)-amelogenin (AMELX) interaction was detected in ameloblasts. And K14 and AMELX were disintegrated from the tetramer in Fam83h-mutated ameloblasts in vitro and in vivo. In secretory stage ameloblasts of Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice, AMELX secretion exhibited obvious retention in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, truncated FAM83H exerted dominant-negative effects on gross development, amelogenesis, and enamel biomineralization by disturbing iron transportation, influencing the transportation and secretion of AMELX, and interfering with cell-cell adhesion in ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wushuang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenru He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Yao S, Weng Q, Zhu Y, Liu J, Luo Y, Da D, Zhang Y. Excessive fluoride impairs autophagy flux in ameloblasts which is prevented by the autophagy activator rapamycin. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:193-204. [PMID: 36190517 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride intake can cause dental fluorosis during teeth development and growth. However, the mechanisms underlying fluoride-induced enamel damage are still not fully elucidated. Previously, we observed fluoride-induced autophagy in ameloblasts, but the effects of fluoride on autophagy flux in ameloblasts remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the effects of fluoride and rapamycin, an autophagy activator, on autophagy flux in ameloblasts. This in vitro study used the murine ameloblast-derived cell line LS8. Cells were treated with different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) to evaluate NaF-induced cytotoxicity. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed an increase in the number of autophagosomes with increasing fluoride concentrations. Western blot analyses showed increases in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and SQSTM1 (p62) expression after NaF treatment and an increase in LC3II expression after bafilomycin A1 administration. Together with changes in RFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus expression, this demonstrated that fluoride impaired autophagy flux. Furthermore, we evaluated whether rapamycin can alleviate fluoride-induced cytotoxicity by restoring autophagy flux. Compared to the NaF-treated group, LS8 cells cotreated with NaF and rapamycin grew considerably better and had significantly decreased p62 expression. Taken together, these data suggest that fluoride-induced impaired autophagosome degradation may damage ameloblasts. This provides experimental in vitro evidence and an explanation for the observed NaF-induced toxicity of ameloblasts. Rapamycin probably alleviates this impairment by decreasing the expression of p62, thereby preventing autophagy defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Yao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Weng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiying Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyue Luo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxin Da
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Mu H, Dong Z, Wang Y, Chu Q, Gao Y, Wang A, Wang Y, Liu X, Gao Y. Odontogenesis-Associated Phosphoprotein (ODAPH) Overexpression in Ameloblasts Disrupts Enamel Formation via Inducing Abnormal Mineralization of Enamel in Secretory Stage. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:611-621. [PMID: 36163390 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) is a recently discovered enamel matrix protein. Our previous study demonstrated that knockouting out Odaph in mice resulted in enamel hypomineralization. To further investigate the effect of Odaph on enamel mineralization, we constructed an Odaph overexpression mouse model, controlled by an amelogenin promoter. Our histological analysis of OdaphTg mice revealed that the enamel layer was thinner than in WT mice. An uneven, thinner enamel layer was confirmed using micro-computed tomography (uCT). It was subsequently found that the Tomes' processes lost their normal morphology, resulting in the loss of the enamel prism structure. These results indicate that Odaph overexpression in ameloblasts led to enamel dysplasia. In conjunction with this, Odaph overexpression hindered Amelx secretion, and may result in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, uCT revealed that enamel had higher mineral density at the secretory stage; due to this, we did the histological staining for the mineralization-related proteins Alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). It was observed that these proteins were up-regulated in OdaphTg mice versus WT mice, indicating that Odaph overexpression led to abnormal enamel mineralization. To confirm this, we transfected ameloblast-like cell line (ALC) with Odaph overexpression lentivirus in vitro and identified that both Alpl and Runx2 were strikingly upregulated in OE-mus-Odaph versus OE-NC cells. We concluded that the ectopic overexpression of Odaph in ameloblasts led to abnormal enamel mineralization. In summary, Odaph profoundly influences amelogenesis by participating in enamel mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Mu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiheng Dong
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Yumin Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
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18
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Matsuki-Fukushima M, Fujikawa K, Inoue S, Nakamura M. Expression and localization of CD63 in the intracellular vesicles of odontoblasts. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:611-622. [PMID: 35175412 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that odontoblasts release exosomes as well as dental pulp cells and focused on the exosome membrane marker CD63. Odontoblasts are well-differentiated mesenchymal cells that produce dentin. Dental pulp, a tissue complex formed with odontoblasts, releases exosomes to epithelial cells and stimulates their differentiation to ameloblasts. However, the localization of CD63 in differentiated odontoblasts is poorly understood. Therefore, herein, we aimed to reveal the expression of CD63 in odontoblasts during tooth development. We first investigated the localization of CD63 in mouse incisors and molars using immunofluorescence. In adult mouse incisors, the anti-CD63 antibody was positive in mature odontoblasts and dental pulp cells but not in pre-odontoblasts along the ameloblasts in the apical bud. Additionally, the anti-CD63 antibody was observed as a vesicular shape in the apical area of odontoblast cytosol and inside Tomes' fibers. The anti-CD63 antibody-positive vesicles were also observed using immunoelectron microscopy. Moreover, during mouse mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis (E16 to postnatal 6 weeks), labeling of anti-CD63 antibody was positive in the odontoblasts at E18. In contrast, the anti-CD63 antibody was positive in the dental pulp after postnatal day 10. Furthermore, anti-CD63 antibody was merged with the multivesicular body marker Rab7 in dental pulp tissues but not with the lysosome marker Lamp1. Finally, we determined the effect of a ceramide-generation inhibitor GW4869 on the mouse organ culture of tooth germ in vitro. After 28 days of GW4869 treatment, both CD63 and Rab7 were negative in Tomes' fibers, but were positive in control odontoblasts. These results suggest that CD63-positive vesicular organelles are important for mouse tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Matsuki-Fukushima
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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19
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Abstract
As the hardest tissue in the human body, tooth enamel formation is a highly regulated process involving several stages of differentiation and key regulatory genes. One such gene, tryptophan-aspartate repeat domain 72 (WDR72), has been found to cause a tooth enamel defect when deleted or mutated, resulting in a condition called amelogenesis imperfecta. Unlike the canonical genes regulating tooth development, WDR72 remains intracellularly and is not secreted to the enamel matrix space to regulate mineralization, and is found in other major organs of the body, namely the kidney, brain, liver, and heart. To date, a link between intracellular vesicle transport and enamel mineralization has been suggested, however identification of the mechanistic regulators has yet to be elucidated, in part due to the limitations associated with studying highly differentiated ameloblast cells. Here we show compelling evidence that WDR72 regulates endocytosis of proteins, both in vivo and in a novel in vitro ameloblast cell line. We elucidate WDR72's function to be independent of intracellular vesicle acidification while still leading to defective enamel matrix pH extracellularly. We identify a vesicle function associated with microtubule assembly and propose that WDR72 directs microtubule assembly necessary for membrane mobilization and subsequent vesicle transport. Understanding WDR72 function provides a mechanistic basis for determining physiologic and pathologic tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Katsura
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Rozana Shemirani
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA.
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20
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Inoue A, Kiyoshima T, Yoshizaki K, Nakatomi C, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H, Shin M, Gao J, Tsuru K, Okabe K, Nakamura I, Honda H, Matsuda M, Takahashi I, Jimi E. Deletion of epithelial cell-specific p130Cas impairs the maturation stage of amelogenesis. Bone 2022; 154:116210. [PMID: 34592494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis consists of secretory, transition, maturation, and post-maturation stages, and the morphological changes of ameloblasts at each stage are closely related to their function. p130 Crk-associated substrate (Cas) is a scaffold protein that modulates essential cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and polarization. The expression of p130Cas was observed from the secretory stage to the maturation stage in ameloblasts. Epithelial cell-specific p130Cas-deficient (p130CasΔepi-) mice exhibited enamel hypomineralization with chalk-like white mandibular incisors in young mice and attrition in aged mouse molars. A micro-computed tomography analysis and Vickers micro-hardness testing showed thinner enamel, lower enamel mineral density and hardness in p130CasΔepi- mice in comparison to p130Casflox/flox mice. Scanning electron microscopy, and an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated the disturbance of the enamel rod structure and lower Ca and P contents in p130CasΔepi- mice, respectively. The disorganized arrangement of ameloblasts, especially in the maturation stage, was observed in p130CasΔepi- mice. Furthermore, expression levels of enamel matrix proteins, such as amelogenin and ameloblastin in the secretory stage, and functional markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and iron accumulation, and Na+/Ca2++K+-exchanger in the maturation stage were reduced in p130CasΔepi- mice. These findings suggest that p130Cas plays important roles in amelogenesis (197 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan; Oral Medicine Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Section of Bioengineering, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yugawara Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, 2-21-6 Chuo, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0396, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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21
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Simmer JP, Hu JCC, Hu Y, Zhang S, Liang T, Wang SK, Kim JW, Yamakoshi Y, Chun YH, Bartlett JD, Smith CE. A genetic model for the secretory stage of dental enamel formation. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107805. [PMID: 34715329 PMCID: PMC8665125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The revolution in genetics has rapidly increased our knowledge of human and mouse genes that are critical for the formation of dental enamel and helps us understand how enamel evolved. In this graphical review we focus on the roles of 41 genes that are essential for the secretory stage of amelogenesis when characteristic enamel mineral ribbons initiate on dentin and elongate to expand the enamel layer to the future surface of the tooth. Based upon ultrastructural analyses of genetically modified mice, we propose a molecular model explaining how a cell attachment apparatus including collagen 17, α6ß4 and αvß6 integrins, laminin 332, and secreted enamel proteins could attach to individual enamel mineral ribbons and mold their cross-sectional dimensions as they simultaneously elongate and orient them in the direction of the retrograde movement of the ameloblast membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Shelly Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yong-Hee Chun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
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22
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Al Thamin S, Chiba Y, Yoshizaki K, Tian T, Jia L, Wang X, Saito K, Li J, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Transcriptional regulation of the basic helix-loop-helix factor AmeloD during tooth development. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7533-7543. [PMID: 33844290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for the initiation and regulation of the development of teeth. Following the initiation of tooth development, numerous growth factors are secreted by the dental epithelium and mesenchyme that play critical roles in cellular differentiation. During tooth morphogenesis, the dental epithelial stem cells differentiate into several cell types, including inner enamel epithelial cells, which then differentiate into enamel matrix-secreting ameloblasts. Recently, we reported that the novel basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor, AmeloD, is actively engaged in the development of teeth as a regulator of dental epithelial cell motility. However, the gene regulation mechanism of AmeloD is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms regulating AmeloD expression during tooth development. By screening growth factors that are important in the early stages of tooth formation, we found that TGF-β1 induced AmeloD expression and ameloblast differentiation in the dental epithelial cell line, SF2. TGF-β1 phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad2/3 to induce AmeloD expression, whereas treatment with the MEK inhibitor, U0126, inhibited AmeloD induction. Promoter analysis of AmeloD revealed that the proximal promoter of AmeloD showed high activity in dental epithelial cell lines, which was enhanced following TGF-β1 stimulation. These results suggested that TGF-β1 activates AmeloD transcription via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that govern tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Al Thamin
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - LingLing Jia
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Saito
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiyao Li
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aya Yamada
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li D, Wang X, Yao L, Jing H, Qin T, Li M, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang L. Sox2 controls asymmetric patterning of ameloblast lineage commitment by regulation of FGF signaling in the mouse incisor. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:1035-1042. [PMID: 34279757 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse incisors are covered by enamel only on the labial side and the lingual side is covered by dentin without enamel. This asymmetric distribution of enamel makes it possible to be abrased on the lingual side, generating the sharp cutting edge of incisor on the labial side. The abrasion of mouse incisors is compensated by the continuous growth throughout life. Epithelium stem cells responsible for its continuous growth are reported to localize within the labial cervical loop. The transcription factor Sox2 plays important roles in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and organ formation. We previously found that Sox2 mainly expressed in the dental epithelium. Besides, Sox2 has been reported to be a dental epithelium stem cell marker in the incisor. However, the exact mechanism of Sox2 controlling amelogenesis is still not quite clearly elucidated. Here we report that conditional deletion of Sox2 in the dental epithelium using Shhcre caused impaired ameloblast differentiation in the labial side and induced ectopic ameloblast-like cell differentiation on the lingual side. Abnormal FGF gene expression was detected by RNAscope in situ hybridization in the mutant incisor. Collectively, we speculate that asymmetric ameloblast lineage commitment of mouse incisor might be regulated by Sox2 through FGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, 264008, Shandong, China
| | - Huaixiang Jing
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China.
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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Pandya M, Lyu H, Luan X, Diekwisch TG. Polarized, Amelogenin Expressing Ameloblast-Like Cells from Cervical Loop/Dental Pulp Cocultures in Bioreactors. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:797-805. [PMID: 34060920 PMCID: PMC8390775 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of long and polarized ameloblast-like cells has long been heralded as a major prerequisite for enamel tissue engineering. In this study, we have designed three-dimensional bioreactor/scaffold microenvironments to propagate and assess the ability of cervical loop derivatives to become long and polarized ameloblast-like cells. Our studies demonstrated that cervical loop/periodontal progenitor coculture in a growth-factor-enriched medium resulted in the formation of ameloblast-like cells expressing high levels of amelogenin and ameloblastin. Coculture of cervical loop cells with dental pulp cells on tailored collagen scaffolds enriched with leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) and early enamel matrix resulted in singular, elongated, and polarized ameloblast-like cells that expressed and secreted ameloblastin and amelogenin enamel proteins. Bioreactor microenvironments enriched with enamel matrix and LRAP also proved advantageous for the propagation of HAT-7 cells, resulting in a ∼20-fold higher expression of amelogenin and ameloblastin enamel proteins compared with controls growing on plain scaffolds. Together, studies presented here highlight the benefits of microgravity culture systems combined with ameloblast-specific microenvironments and tailored scaffolds for the growth of ameloblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Pandya
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Huling Lyu
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G.H. Diekwisch
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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25
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Son GY, Li Y, Lacruz RS. Calcium Transport in Specialized Dental Epithelia and Its Modulation by Fluoride. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:730913. [PMID: 34456880 PMCID: PMC8385142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.730913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells use calcium (Ca2+) as a second messenger to convey signals that affect a multitude of biological processes. The ability of Ca2+ to bind to proteins to alter their charge and conformation is essential to achieve its signaling role. Cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) concentration is maintained low at ~100 nM so that the impact of elevations in cCa2+ is readily sensed and transduced by cells. However, such elevations in cCa2+ must be transient to prevent detrimental effects. Cells have developed a variety of systems to rapidly clear the excess of cCa2+ including Ca2+ pumps, exchangers and sequestering Ca2+ within intracellular organelles. This Ca2+ signaling toolkit is evolutionarily adapted so that each cell, tissue, and organ can fulfill its biological function optimally. One of the most specialized cells in mammals are the enamel forming cells, the ameloblasts, which also handle large quantities of Ca2+. The end goal of ameloblasts is to synthesize, secrete and mineralize a unique proteinaceous matrix without the benefit of remodeling or repair mechanisms. Ca2+ uptake into ameloblasts is mainly regulated by the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) before it is transported across the polarized ameloblasts to reach the insulated enamel space. Here we review the ameloblasts Ca2+ signaling toolkit and address how the common electronegative non-metal fluoride can alter its function, potentially addressing the biology of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Miao X, Niibe K, Zhang M, Liu Z, Nattasit P, Ohori-Morita Y, Nakamura T, Jiang X, Egusa H. Stage-Specific Role of Amelx Activation in Stepwise Ameloblast Induction from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137195. [PMID: 34281250 PMCID: PMC8268366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenin comprises ~90% of enamel proteins; however, the involvement of Amelx transcriptional activation in regulating ameloblast differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains unknown. In this study, we generated doxycycline-inducible Amelx-expressing mouse iPSCs (Amelx-iPSCs). We then established a three-stage ameloblast induction strategy from Amelx-iPSCs, including induction of surface ectoderm (stage 1), dental epithelial cells (DECs; stage 2), and ameloblast lineage (stage 3) in sequence, by manipulating several signaling molecules. We found that adjunctive use of lithium chloride (LiCl) in addition to bone morphogenetic protein 4 and retinoic acid promoted concentration-dependent differentiation of DECs. The resulting cells had a cobblestone appearance and keratin14 positivity. Attenuation of LiCl at stage 3 together with transforming growth factor β1 and epidermal growth factor resulted in an ameloblast lineage with elongated cell morphology, positivity for ameloblast markers, and calcium deposition. Although stage-specific activation of Amelx did not produce noticeable phenotypic changes in ameloblast differentiation, Amelx activation at stage 3 significantly enhanced cell adhesion as well as decreased proliferation and migration. These results suggest that the combination of inducible Amelx transcription and stage-specific ameloblast induction for iPSCs represents a powerful tool to highlight underlying mechanisms in ameloblast differentiation and function in association with Amelx expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Miao
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (H.E.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8363 (K.N.); +81-22-717-8363 (H.E.)
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Zeni Liu
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Praphawi Nattasit
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
| | - Yumi Ohori-Morita
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (X.M.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.N.); (Y.O.-M.)
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (H.E.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8363 (K.N.); +81-22-717-8363 (H.E.)
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27
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Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Bikle DD, Oda Y. Transcriptional Regulation of Dental Epithelial Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238952. [PMID: 33255698 PMCID: PMC7728066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is hardest tissue in the body and is produced by dental epithelial cells residing in the tooth. Their cell fates are tightly controlled by transcriptional programs that are facilitated by fate determining transcription factors and chromatin regulators. Understanding the transcriptional program controlling dental cell fate is critical for our efforts to build and repair teeth. In this review, we describe the current understanding of these regulators essential for regeneration of dental epithelial stem cells and progeny, which are identified through transgenic mouse models. We first describe the development and morphogenesis of mouse dental epithelium in which different subpopulations of epithelia such as ameloblasts contribute to enamel formation. Then, we describe the function of critical factors in stem cells or progeny to drive enamel lineages. We also show that gene mutations of these factors are associated with dental anomalies in craniofacial diseases in humans. We also describe the function of the master regulators to govern dental lineages, in which the genetic removal of each factor switches dental cell fate to that generating hair. The distinct and related mechanisms responsible for the lineage plasticity are discussed. This knowledge will lead us to develop a potential tool for bioengineering new teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Correspondence:
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28
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Yang X, Yamazaki H, Yamakoshi Y, Duverger O, Morasso MI, Beniash E. Trafficking and secretion of keratin 75 by ameloblasts in vivo. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18475-18487. [PMID: 31628189 PMCID: PMC6885611 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly specialized cytoskeletal protein, keratin 75 (K75), expressed primarily in hair follicles, nail beds, and lingual papillae, was recently discovered in dental enamel, the most highly mineralized hard tissue in the human body. Among many questions this discovery poses, the fundamental question regarding the trafficking and secretion of this protein, which lacks a signal peptide, is of an utmost importance. Here, we present evidence that K75 is expressed during the secretory stage of enamel formation and is present in the forming enamel matrix. We further show that K75 is secreted together with major enamel matrix proteins amelogenin and ameloblastin, and it was detected in Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) but not in rough ER (rER). Inhibition of ER-Golgi transport by brefeldin A did not affect the association of K75 with Golgi, whereas ameloblastin accumulated in rER, and its transport from rER into Golgi was disrupted. Together, these results indicate that K75, a cytosolic protein lacking a signal sequence, is secreted into the forming enamel matrix utilizing portions of the conventional ER-Golgi secretory pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing insights into mechanisms of keratin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
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29
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Liang T, Hu Y, Smith CE, Richardson AS, Zhang H, Yang J, Lin B, Wang S, Kim J, Chun Y, Simmer JP, Hu JC. AMBN mutations causing hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta and Ambn knockout-NLS-lacZ knockin mice exhibiting failed amelogenesis and Ambn tissue-specificity. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e929. [PMID: 31402633 PMCID: PMC6732285 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ameloblastin (AMBN) is a secreted matrix protein that is critical for the formation of dental enamel and is enamel-specific with respect to its essential functions. Biallelic AMBN defects cause non-syndromic autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta. Homozygous Ambn mutant mice expressing an internally truncated AMBN protein deposit only a soft mineral crust on the surface of dentin. METHODS We characterized a family with hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta caused by AMBN compound heterozygous mutations (c.1061T>C; p.Leu354Pro/ c.1340C>T; p.Pro447Leu). We generated and characterized Ambn knockout/NLS-lacZ (AmbnlacZ/lacZ ) knockin mice. RESULTS No AMBN protein was detected using immunohistochemistry in null mice. ß-galactosidase activity was specific for ameloblasts in incisors and molars, and islands of cells along developing molar roots. AmbnlacZ/lacZ 7-week incisors and unerupted (D14) first molars showed extreme enamel surface roughness. No abnormalities were observed in dentin mineralization or in nondental tissues. Ameloblasts in the AmbnlacZ/lacZ mice were unable to initiate appositional growth and started to degenerate and deposit ectopic mineral. No layer of initial enamel ribbons formed in the AmbnlacZ/lacZ mice, but pockets of amelogenin accumulated on the dentin surface along the ameloblast distal membrane and within the enamel organ epithelia (EOE). NLS-lacZ signal was positive in the epididymis and nasal epithelium, but negative in ovary, oviduct, uterus, prostate, seminal vesicles, testis, submandibular salivary gland, kidney, liver, bladder, and bone, even after 15 hr of incubation with X-gal. CONCLUSIONS Ameloblastin is critical for the initiation of enamel ribbon formation, and its absence results in pathological mineralization within the enamel organ epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Charles E. Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Amelia S Richardson
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of StomatologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Brent Lin
- Department of Orofacial SciencesUCSF School of DentistrySan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Shih‐Kai Wang
- Department of DentistryNational Taiwan University School of DentistryTaipei CityTaiwan R.O.C
| | - Jung‐Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yong‐Hee Chun
- Department of Periodontics and Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Jan C.‐C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichigan
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30
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Abstract
In the development of dental fluorosis, oxidative stress is considered as the key mechanism. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can induce oxidative stress and activate the important antioxidative factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-dependent manner, but combining ER stress and oxidative stress, the role of PERK-Nrf2 signaling pathway involved in fluoride-regulated ameloblasts is not fully defined. Here, we studied the effect of fluoride on PERK-Nrf2 signaling pathway in mouse ameloblasts. We found that low-dose and continuous fluoride exposure increased binding immunoglobulin protein expression and activated PERK-activating transcription factor 4 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes (glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione S-transferase-P1) enhanced following ER stress. Tunicamycin increased the expression of PERK, leading to Nrf2 nuclear import, and tauroursodeoxycholate suppressed Nrf2 activation through PERK during ER stress, indicating that PERK activation is required for Nrf2 nuclear entry. Furthermore, tert-butylhydroquinone triggered the overexpression of Nrf2 to reduce ER stress, but luteolin inhibited Nrf2 nuclear localization to elevate ER stress. In summary, this study proved that fluoride under certain dose can induce ER stress and promote Nrf2 nuclear import via PERK activation and suggested that antioxidation mechanism mediated by PERK-Nrf2 can alleviate fluoride-induced ER stress effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- 1 Department of Dental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- 2 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- 3 Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Chen
- 2 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zhong
- 2 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Yu
- 2 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L He
- 1 Department of Dental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Deng H, Ikeda A, Cui H, Bartlett JD, Suzuki M. MDM2-Mediated p21 Proteasomal Degradation Promotes Fluoride Toxicity in Ameloblasts. Cells 2019; 8:E436. [PMID: 31083332 PMCID: PMC6562432 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride overexposure is an environmental health hazard and can cause enamel and skeletal fluorosis. Previously we demonstrated that fluoride increased acetylated-p53 and its downstream target p21 in ameloblast-derived LS8 cells. However, p21 function in fluoride toxicity is not well characterized. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of how p53 down-stream mediators, p21 and MDM2, respond to fluoride toxicity. LS8 cells were treated with NaF with/without MG-132 (proteasome inhibitor) or Nutlin-3a (MDM2 antagonist). NaF treatment for 2-6 h increased phospho-p21, which can inhibit apoptosis. However, phospho-p21 and p21 were decreased by NaF at 24 h, even though p21 mRNA was significantly increased at this time point. MG-132 reversed the fluoride-mediated p21 decrease, indicating that fluoride facilitates p21 proteasomal degradation. MG-132 suppressed fluoride-induced caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that the proteasome plays a pro-apoptotic role in fluoride toxicity. NaF increased phospho-MDM2 in vitro and in mouse ameloblasts in vivo. Nutlin-3a suppressed NaF-mediated MDM2-p21 binding to reverse p21 degradation which increased phospho-p21. This suppressed apoptosis after 24 h NaF treatment. These results suggest that MDM2-mediated p21 proteasomal degradation with subsequent phospho-p21 attenuation contributes to fluoride-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of MDM2-mediated p21 degradation may be a potential therapeutic target to mitigate fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Deng
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Decreased expression and increased phosphorylation of Forkhead box o1 (Foxo1) in ameloblasts were observed both in vivo and in vitro when treated by fluoride. The present study aims to investigate the possible relationship between Foxo1 and enamel matrix proteinases, matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20), and kallikrein 4 (KLK4), in NaF-treated ameloblasts. Ameloblast-like cells (LS8 cells) were exposed to NaF at selected concentration (0/2 mM) for 24 h. Gene overexpression and silencing experiments were used to up- and down-regulate Foxo1 expression. The expression levels of Foxo1, MMP20, and KLK4 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the regulation of Foxo1 on the transcriptional activity of KLK4 promoter. The results showed that KLK4 expression was decreased in LS8 cells treated by NaF, while MMP20 expression was not changed. Foxo1 activation led to significantly up-regulation of KLK4 in LS8 cells under NaF condition. Knockout of Foxo1 markedly decreased klk4 expression in mRNA level, and intensified inhibition occurred in LS8 cells when combined with NaF treatment. However, the variation trend of MMP20 was not clear. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that Foxo1 activation enhanced the transcriptional activity of KLK4 promoter. These findings suggest that the decrease of Foxo1 expression induced by high fluoride was a cause for low KLK4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juedan Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng J, Nie X, He L, Yoon A, Wu L, Zhang X, Vats M, Schiff M, Xiang L, Tian Z, Ling J, Mao J. Epithelial Cdc42 Deletion Induced Enamel Organ Defects and Cystogenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1346-1354. [PMID: 29874522 PMCID: PMC6199676 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518779546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and other cellular processes in development and homeostasis. However, Cdc42's roles in prenatal tooth development remain elusive. Here, we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel organ. Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing enamel organ, with robust expression in the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium layers. Strikingly, epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in cystic lesions in the enamel organ. Cystic lesions were first noted at embryonic day 15.5 and progressively enlarged during gestation. At birth, cystic lesions occupied the bulk of the entire enamel organ, with intracystic erythrocyte accumulation. Ameloblast differentiation was retarded upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion. Apoptosis occurred in the Cdc42 mutant enamel organ prior to and synchronously with cystogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed disrupted actin assemblies, aberrant desmosomes, and significantly fewer cell junctions in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants than littermate controls. Autophagosomes were present in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants relative to the virtual absence of autophagosome in the SR cells of littermate controls. Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling in dental epithelium and induced aberrant Sox2 expression in the secondary enamel knot. These findings suggest that excessive cell death and disrupted cell-cell connections may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed cystic lesions in Cdc42 mutant enamel organs. Taken together, Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel organ development and is particularly required for cell survival and tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Nie
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. He
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A.J. Yoon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Vats
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.D. Schiff
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z. Tian
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Ling
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J.J. Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Jiang N, Chen L, Ma Q, Ruan J. Nanostructured Ti surfaces and retinoic acid/dexamethasone present a spatial framework for the maturation and amelogenesis of LS-8 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3949-3964. [PMID: 30022819 PMCID: PMC6042561 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s167629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the amelogenesis-inductive effects of surface structures at the nanoscale. For this purpose, variable nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) surfaces were used as a framework to regulate the amelogenic behaviors of ameloblasts with the administration of retinoic acid (RA)/dexamethasone (DEX). MATERIALS AND METHODS TiO2 nanotubular (NT) surfaces were fabricated via anodization. Mouse ameloblast-like LS-8 cells were seeded and cultured on NT surfaces in the presence or absence of RA/DEX for 48 h. The amelogenic behaviors and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization of LS-8 cells on nanostructured Ti surfaces were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, MTT assay, and flow cytometry. RESULTS TiO2 NT surfaces (tube size ~30 and ~80 nm) were constructed via anodization at 5 or 20 V and denoted as NT5 and NT20, respectively. LS-8 cells exhibited significantly increased spread and proliferation, and lower rates of apoptosis and necrosis on NT surfaces. The amelogenic gene expression and ECM mineralization differed significantly on the NT20 and the NT5 and polished Ti sample surfaces in standard medium. The amelogenic behaviors of LS-8 cells were further changed by RA/DEX pretreatment, which directly drove maturation of LS-8 cells. CONCLUSION Controlling the amelogenic behaviors of ameloblast-like LS-8 cells by manipulating the nanostructure of biomaterials surfaces represents an effective tool for the establishment of a systemic framework for supporting enamel regeneration. The administration of RA/DEX is an effective approach for driving the amelogenesis and maturation of ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China,
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Liu H, Jiang J, Gong Q, Tian H, Wang S, Zhang J, Pan Z, Liu X. [Knockdown of MSX2 gene inhibits the expression of enamel matrix proteins and the enamel mineralization in mouse ameloblasts]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 34:230-236. [PMID: 29773104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of muscle segment homeodomain homeobox 2 (MSX2) on the expression of enamel matrix protein and the formation of enamel. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of MSX2 in mouse tooth embryos and its localization in ameloblasts. The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of the MSX2 gene was designed and synthesized, and then the annealed double stranded DNA was constructed into the pGMLV-SC5 RNAi lentivirus vector, and finally it was packaged with lentivirus. The lentivirus was used to infect ameloblasts. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was performed to screen the best interference fragment, and detect the mRNAs of amelogenin (Amelx), ameloblastin (Ambn), enamelin (Enam), amelotin (Amtn) and kallikrein 4 (Klk4). The embryos were isolated for 18.5 days and then infected with RNAi recombinant lentivirus targeting MSX2. The tooth germ was implanted under the renal capsule of the mouse. Ten weeks later, the tissue was harvested to separate and observe the tooth form and contour. Results MSX2 was expressed in the secretory phase and maturation phase of mouse ameloblasts, but the expression signal was weaker in the secretory phase and was stronger in the mature stage. The lentivirus of MSX2-shRNA targeting MSX2 gene we constructed inhibited the expression of Amelx and Klk4 mRNAs. The RNAi lentivirus targeting MSX2 gene infected the tooth enamel and led to a decrease in the degree of enamel mineralization. Conclusion The MSX2 gene is expressed in ameloblasts. The knockdown of MSX2 can inhibit the expression of enamel matrix proteins and the enamel mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Qi Gong
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Huanbing Tian
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhifang Pan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Abstract
Enamel is the most calcified tissue in vertebrates. It differs from bone in a number of characteristics including its origin from ectodermal epithelium, lack of remodeling capacity by the enamel forming cells, and absence of collagen. The enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts, choreograph first the synthesis of a unique protein-rich matrix, followed by the mineralization of this matrix into a tissue that is ∼95% mineral. To do this, ameloblasts arrange the coordinated movement of ions across a cell barrier while removing matrix proteins and monitoring extracellular pH using a variety of buffering systems to enable the growth of carbonated apatite crystals. Although our knowledge of these processes and the molecular identity of the proteins involved in transepithelial ion transport has increased in the last decade, it remains limited compared to other cells. Here we present an overview of the evolution and development of enamel, its differences with bone, and describe the ion transport systems associated with ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, United States.
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Abstract
Dental enamel is one of the most remarkable examples of matrix-mediated biomineralization. Enamel crystals form de novo in a rich extracellular environment in a stage-dependent manner producing complex microstructural patterns that are visually stunning. This process is orchestrated by specialized epithelial cells known as ameloblasts which themselves undergo striking morphological changes, switching function from a secretory role to a cell primarily engaged in ionic transport. Ameloblasts are supported by a host of cell types which combined represent the enamel organ. Fully mineralized enamel is the hardest tissue found in vertebrates owing its properties partly to the unique mixture of ionic species represented and their highly organized assembly in the crystal lattice. Among the main elements found in enamel, Ca2+ is the most abundant ion, yet how ameloblasts modulate Ca2+ dynamics remains poorly known. This review describes previously proposed models for passive and active Ca2+ transport, the intracellular Ca2+ buffering systems expressed in ameloblasts and provides an up-dated view of current models concerning Ca2+ influx and extrusion mechanisms, where most of the recent advances have been made. We also advance a new model for Ca2+ transport by the enamel organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meerim K. Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
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Pääkkönen V, Saraniemi S, Bleicher F, Nevo Z, Tjäderhane L. Exostosin 1 is expressed in human odontoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:175-179. [PMID: 28448806 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental pulp is soft connective tissue maintaining the vitality of the tooth, while odontoblasts form the dentin. Our earlier DNA microarray analysis revealed expression of putative tumour suppressor exostosin 1 (EXT-1) in odontoblasts. EXT-1 is essential for heparan sulphate synthesis, which may play a role in the dentin mineralization. Since the absence of the functional EXT-1 causes bone tumours, expression in odontoblasts is interesting. Our aim was to analyse further the EXT-1 expression in human tooth. DESIGNS DNA microarray and PCR techniques were used to study the EXT-1 expression in mature native human odontoblasts and pulp tissue as well as in newly-differentiated cultured odontoblast-like cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study EXT-1 protein in mature human teeth, teeth with incomplete root and developing teeth. RESULTS Markedly higher EXT-1 was observed in mature odontoblasts than in pulp at mRNA level with DNA microarray and PCR techniques. Immunohistochemistry of mature tooth revealed EXT-1 both in odontoblasts and the predentin but not in the dentin. EXT-1 was also observed in the odontoblasts of incomplete root, but the localization of the staining was different. In developing foetal tooth, staining was detected in ameloblasts and the basal lamina. CONCLUSIONS The detection of EXT-1 in both mature and newly-differentiated cells indicates a role in the odontoblast function, and EXT-1 staining in the predentin indicates a function in the dentin formation. Detection of EXT-1 in developing teeth indicates a role in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Pääkkönen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Stina Saraniemi
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Françoise Bleicher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, >France; University of Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Zvi Nevo
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Supraoptimal intake of fluoride (F) induces structural defects in forming enamel, dentin and bone and increases the risk of bone fractures. In comparison to bone and dentin is formation of enamel most sensitive to low levels of F and the degree of enamel fluorosis depends on the mouse strain. What molecular mechanism is responsible for these differences in sensitivity is unclear. Maturation ameloblasts transport bicarbonates into enamel in exchange for Cl- to buffer protons released by forming apatites. We proposed that F-enhanced mineral deposition releases excess of protons that will affect mineralization in forming enamel. In this study we tested the hypothesis that increased sensitivity to F is associated with a reduced capacity of ameloblasts to buffer acids. Quantified electron probe microanalysis showed that enamel of F-sensitive C57Bl mice contained the same levels of Cl- as enamel of F-resistant FVB mice. Enamel of C57Bl mice was less mineral dense, contained less Ca but more Mg and K. Ameloblast modulation was much more impaired than in FVB mice. In enamel of FVB mice the levels of Mg correlated negative with Ca (r=-0.57, p=0.01) and with the Ca/P molar ratio (r=-0.32, p=0.53). In moderate and high acidic enamel the correlations between Mg and Ca/P ratio were strong (r=-0.75, p=0.08) to very strong negative (r=-0.98, p=0.0020), respectively. Correlations in enamel between F and Ca were (weak) negative but between F and Ca/P very high positive (r=+0.95, p=0.003) in high acidic enamel and less positive (r=0.45, p=0.27) in moderate acidic fluorotic enamel (r=0.45, p=0.27). Similar correlations between Mg and Ca/P or F and Ca/P were found in dentin and bone of fluorotic and Cftr null mice. These data are consistent with the concept that Mg delays but F increases maturation of crystals particularly when enamel is acidic. The sensitivity of forming enamel to F likely is due to the sensitivity of pH cycling to acidification of enamel associated with F-induced release of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Ljj Bronckers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Donacian M Lyaruu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wahluyo S, Ismiyatin K, Purwanto B, Mukono IS. The Influence of Sodium Fluoride on the Growth of Ameloblasts and Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2017; 63:31-34. [PMID: 28374673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride has toxic potential particularly for teeth, bones, and kidney. This study was aimed to investigate the NaF exposure effects on the growth of ameloblasts and kidney proximal tubular cells. Adult male healthy rats were used as experiment models, divided into control and NaF-induced groups. The expression of amelogenin, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were significantly different in the control and NaF-induced group (P < 0.05). There was no correlation among these proteins in the control group but significant correlation in the NaF-induced group (r = 0.694). There was a significant correlation in proximal tubular cells, as seen from the increase of caspase-3 in the NaF-induced group (r = 0.715).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wahluyo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - K Ismiyatin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - B Purwanto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I S Mukono
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Bronckers ALJJ, Jalali R, Lytton J. Reduced Protein Expression of the Na +/Ca 2++K +-Exchanger (SLC24A4) in Apical Plasma Membranes of Maturation Ameloblasts of Fluorotic Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:80-86. [PMID: 27752731 PMCID: PMC5215084 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of forming enamel to fluoride results into formation of hypomineralized enamel. We tested whether enamel hypomineralization was caused by lower expression of the NCKX4/SLC24A4 Ca2+-transporter by ameloblasts. Three commercial antibodies against NCKX4 were tested on enamel organs of wild-type and Nckx4-null mice, one of which (a mouse monoclonal) was specific. This antibody gave a prominent staining of the apical plasma membranes of maturation ameloblasts, starting at early maturation. The layer of immuno-positive ameloblasts contained narrow gaps without immunostaining or with reduced staining. In fluorotic mouse incisors, the quantity of NCKX4 protein in ameloblasts as assessed by western blotting was not different from that in non-fluorotic ameloblasts. However, immunostaining of the apical plasma membranes of fluorotic ameloblasts was strongly reduced or absent suggesting that trafficking of NCKX4 to the apical membrane was strongly reduced. Exposure to fluoride may reduce NCKX4-mediated transport of Ca2+ by maturation stage ameloblasts which delays ameloblast modulation and reduces enamel mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L J J Bronckers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - R Jalali
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Lytton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Abstract
Amelogenin is the major protein of the developing enamel. Two additional exons, termed 8 and 9, have been characterized in the rat. Our aim was: to identify the mouse amelogenin exons 8/9 sequences; to investigate the potential presence of the alternative spliced isoforms of amelogenin exons 8/9; and to immunolocalize proteins containing sequences encoded by exons 8/9 during odontogenesis. RT-PCR analysis with exon 9 anti-sense primer generated 2 major amplicons with the use of a mouse tooth cDNA library and dental cell lines. DNA sequence analysis showed 93% identify with the rat exons 8/9 sequence. Alternative splicing of exon 3 was also found, but only in cDNAs lacking exons 8 and 9. Immunohistochemistry localized exons 8/9-encoded proteins in ameloblasts, young odontoblasts, and stratum intermedium cells. Analysis of our data supports the hypothesis that: (1) AMELX contains 2 additional exons; (2) ameloblasts and odontoblasts synthesize amelogenin 8/9; and (3) amelogenin splice variants may have unique functions during tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Papagerakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, MSC 7888, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Wang L, Zhu Y, Wang D. High-Dose Fluoride Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Ameloblastin Secretion in Primary Rat Ameloblast. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:402-409. [PMID: 27193486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to establish the in vitro culture system for rat primary ameloblast and to investigate the effects of fluoride on cell viability, apoptosis, and ameloblastin (AMBN) secretion of primary rat ameloblast in vitro. Ameloblast was isolated from the tooth germ of the maxillomandibular molar and cultured in vitro. Cells were treated with NaF at 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mM for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. The activation of Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas pathway was detected using immunoblotting for FasL, Fas, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. Secretion of AMBN in culture medium was measured using ELISA. Primary rat ameloblast was successfully isolated and cultured. The effects of low-dose fluoride on cell viability were bi-phasic, while high-dose fluoride resulted in decreased cell viability uniformly. Fluoride induced ameloblast apoptosis via activation of FasL/Fas signaling pathway and diminished secretion of AMBN by ameloblast. Fluoride could decrease ameloblast viability, induce ameloblast apoptosis via activating FasL/Fas signaling pathway, and reduce AMBN secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1, XinWang Road, WeiYang District, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1, XinWang Road, WeiYang District, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, No. 1, XinWang Road, WeiYang District, Xi'an, 710021, China
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Veis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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45
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Jedeon K, Loiodice S, Salhi K, Le Normand M, Houari S, Chaloyard J, Berdal A, Babajko S. Androgen Receptor Involvement in Rat Amelogenesis: An Additional Way for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals to Affect Enamel Synthesis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4287-4296. [PMID: 27684650 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that interfere with the steroid axis can affect amelogenesis, leading to enamel hypomineralization similar to that of molar incisor hypomineralization, a recently described enamel disease. We investigated the sex steroid receptors that may mediate the effects of EDCs during rat amelogenesis. The expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and progesterone receptor was dependent on the stage of ameloblast differentiation, whereas ERβ remained undetectable. AR was the only receptor selectively expressed in ameloblasts involved in final enamel mineralization. AR nuclear translocation and induction of androgen-responsive element-containing promoter activity upon T treatment, demonstrated ameloblast responsiveness to androgens. T regulated the expression of genes involved in enamel mineralization such as KLK4, amelotin, SLC26A4, and SLC5A8 but not the expression of genes encoding matrix proteins, which determine enamel thickness. Vinclozolin and to a lesser extent bisphenol A, two antiandrogenic EDCs that cause enamel defects, counteracted the actions of T. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, the following: 1) ameloblasts express AR; 2) the androgen signaling pathway is involved in the enamel mineralization process; and 3) EDCs with antiandrogenic effects inhibit AR activity and preferentially affect amelogenesis in male rats. Their action, through the AR pathway, may specifically and irreversibly affect enamel, potentially leading to the use of dental defects as a biomarker of exposure to environmental pollutants. These results are consistent with the steroid hormones affecting ameloblasts, raising the issue of the hormonal influence on amelogenesis and possible sexual dimorphism in enamel quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Jedeon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Khaled Salhi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Manon Le Normand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Sophia Houari
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Jessica Chaloyard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (K.J., S.L., K.S., M.L.N., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Université Paris-Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, and Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie (K.J., S.L., K.S., S.H., J.C., A.B., S.B.), Université Paris-Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (K.J., A.B.), Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75571 Paris, France
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Tao J, Zhai Y, Park H, Han J, Dong J, Xie M, Gu T, Lewi K, Ji F, Jia W. Circadian Rhythm Regulates Development of Enamel in Mouse Mandibular First Molar. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159946. [PMID: 27494172 PMCID: PMC4975438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic incremental growth lines and the presence of melatonin receptors were discovered in tooth enamel, suggesting possible role of circadian rhythm. We therefore hypothesized that circadian rhythm may regulate enamel formation through melatonin receptors. To test this hypothesis, we examined expression of melatonin receptors (MTs) and amelogenin (AMELX), a maker of enamel formation, during tooth germ development in mouse. Using qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, we found that mRNA and protein levels of both MTs and AMELX in normal mandibular first molar tooth germs increased gradually after birth, peaked at 3 or 4 day postnatal, and then decreased. Expression of MTs and AMELX by immunocytochemistry was significantly delayed in neonatal mice raised in all-dark or all-light environment as well as the enamel development. Furthermore, development of tooth enamel was also delayed showing significant immature histology in those animals, especially for newborn mice raised in all daylight condition. Interestingly, disruption in circadian rhythm in pregnant mice also resulted in delayed enamel development in their babies. Treatment with melatonin receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT in pregnant mice caused underexpression of MTs and AMELX associated with long-lasting deficiency in baby enamel tissue. Electromicroscopic evidence demonstrated increased necrosis and poor enamel mineralization in ameloblasts. The above results suggest that circadian rhythm is important for normal enamel development at both pre- and postnatal stages. Melatonin receptors were partly responsible for the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tao
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Han
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Keidren Lewi
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (FJ); (WJ)
| | - William Jia
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (FJ); (WJ)
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Mastrangelo F, Sberna MT, Vinci R, Iaderosa G, Tettamanti L, Cantatore G, Tagliabue A, Gherlone EF. Vascular endothelial growth factor behavior in different stages of tooth germ development. Minerva Stomatol 2016; 65:223-230. [PMID: 27374362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific studies show a possible influence of intercellular and intracellular proteins (VEGF) on the development of physiological and pathological tissue. VEGF, a key regulator of angiogenesis, it would seem essential to take action during the embryonic development of the dental germ. The purpose of the study is to investigate the importance of the enzymatic activity of VEGF through protein quantification at different stages of tooth germ development. METHODS The quantification of VEGF protein was performed by 3 different laboratory tests: Western-blot analysis, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) and finally immunohistochemical analysis. Cell cultures of tooth tissue examined are: endothelial cells, stellate reticulum cells, odontoblasts and ameoblast. RESULTS The VEGF peptide seems to induce an intense cell proliferation, not concomitant with differentiation towards the endothelial line. The expression of VEGF in the inner enamel epithelium (ameloblasts) would seem to depend on the stage of differentiation, leading us to deduce that VEGF and its respective receptor are expressed in dental germ and that induce alterations not only on the vascularization, but also on the inner epithelium activation and then on dental enamel development, respectively on cap and bell stages of embryogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In our survey, the positive expression of VEGF in all the samples examined, might suggest a fundamental role of angiogenic gene proteins during all stages of embryonic tooth development. It is also characteristic the behavior of stellate reticulum cells, with a significant reduction in VEGF action between early and late stage, which could suggest a possible role of stellate reticulum cells, which would be able to promote and maintain an adequate energy supply to the tissues during early and late stages of differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Department of Oral Sciences, San Raffaele Research Institute, Vita e Salute University, Milan, Italy -
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Mastrangelo F, Piccirilli M, Dolci M, Teté S, Speranza L, Patruno A, Gizzi F, Felaco M, Artese L, De Lutiis MA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Human Tooth Germ Center. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:587-94. [PMID: 16164840 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oncogenis and tumour suppressor genes found inside normal and pathological cells are fundamental for the processes of development, proliferation and tissue differentiation. The purpose of our study is to show the presence and a possible relationship of the VEGF protein during different phases of the development of human dental germ centers. After cephalometric investigation in 8 orthodontic patients with a mean age of 13 years, (4 females and 4 males), hyperdivergence of the third molars were extracted. The 40 surgical samples were tested with monoclonal human anti-VEGFs antibodies carrying out a semi-quantitative analysis to look for a positive reaction. Reaction for anti-VEGF antibodies was detected in normal embryological tissues and in microvessels near odontogenic cells. During different phases of embryologic development of the dental bud our search showed intracytoplasmatic positive immunoreactions both in the ameloblastic and odontoblastic cells. Additionally, a positive reaction was observed for the VEGF protein in the cells of the stellate reticulum and in those endothelial tissue surrounding the microvessels in all the samples examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mastrangelo
- Oral Surgery of Oral Science Department, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Jia J, Yang F, Yang M, Wang C, Song Y. P38/JNK signaling pathway mediates the fluoride-induced down-regulation of Fam83h. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:386-90. [PMID: 26876574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The similar clinical and pathological feature in fluorosis and amelogenesis imperfect with FAM83H mutations imply that excess fluoride could have effects on the expression of FAM83H and could elaborate this process by some signal pathways regulation. The present study aims to investigate the effects of fluoride on Fam83h expression and try to explore the molecular signaling regulation between them as well as the association of high concentration fluoride with mineralization in ameloblast lineage cells. METHODS Protein expression and signaling pathways of mouse ameloblast-like LS8 cells, exposed to fluoride or MAPK inhibitors, were compared to control cells without exposure. Fam83h, proteins of MAPK signal pathways (ERK, P38 and JNK) were examined by Quantitative real-time PCR and/or Western-blot. ALP activity and ALP staining were used to detect the mineralization in the cells with exposure during 7-day mineralization inducing differentiation. RESULTS The results showed that Fam83h protein level in LS8 cells decreased in the presence of fluoride and MAPK inhibitors. Down-regulation of Fam83h by fluoride was related to suppression of JNK and P38 phosphorylation, and the descending degree of P38 was more obvious. Fluoride and MAPK inhibitors treatment significantly decreased the mineralization level in LS8 cells. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that JNK and P38 could be key regulatory element for Fam83h expression, and that LS8 cells can respond to fluoride by down-regulating Fam83h expression through the regulation of JNK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng 471000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Changning Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Choung HW, Lee DS, Lee HK, Shon WJ, Park JC. Preameloblast-Derived Factors Mediate Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Runx2-Osterix-BSP Signaling. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:93-102. [PMID: 26413977 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction occurs during development of various tissues, including teeth and bone. Recently, a preameloblast-conditioned medium (PA-CM) from mouse apical bud cells (ABCs), a type of dental epithelial cell, was found to induce odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and promote dentin formation. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of PA-CM on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro, and to investigate the bone regenerative capacity in vivo through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions of developmental osteogenesis. Coculturing with ABCs and PA-CM treatment upregulated osteoblast differentiation markers of hBMSCs compared to cells cultured alone. PA-CM accelerated mineralized nodule formation and also increased bone sialoprotein promoter activity in hBMSCs. PA-CM facilitated the migration of hBMSCs, but did not significantly influence proliferation. PA-CM promoted bone formation of hBMSCs in vivo. Radiographic and histologic findings showed that PA-CM induced the bony regeneration at calvarial defects in rat. Taken together, these data show that PA-CM enhances the migration and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro and induces bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wool Choung
- 1 Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Seol Lee
- 1 Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- 1 Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- 1 Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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