1
|
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 5 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies, which will hopefully expand our veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA; Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thamm DH. Novel Treatments for Lymphoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:477-490. [PMID: 38199913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a common disease in companion animals. While conventional chemotherapy has the potential to induce remission and prolong life, relapse is common and novel treatments are needed to improve outcome. This review discusses recent modifications/adjustments to conventional standard of care therapy for canine and feline lymphoma, options for treatment or relapsed/refractory disease, and cutting-edge immunotherapy and small molecule-based approaches that are in varying stages of regulatory approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim Y, Trindade PH, Bęczkowski PM, Steagall PV. Perceptions and opinions of pet caregivers in mainland and Hong Kong China about surgery, pain management, and anesthesia in dogs and cats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28428. [PMID: 38590846 PMCID: PMC10999914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Small animal caregivers' perceptions and previous life experiences play a pivotal role in patient care, making effective communication fundamental within the veterinary business. Despite the large and growing scale of the pet industry, data on small animal client-centered information about veterinary services in Mainland China (MC) and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) China are lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions and opinions of small animal caregivers about surgery, pain management, and anesthesia in dogs and cats in these geographical regions through a validated online survey using content validity index. A total of 2080 valid answers were collected by convenience sampling over 45 days. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data; the chi-square test and generalized linear models were used to test the associations between demographics and responses. Overall, caregivers appeared favorable toward the use of analgesia in their pets, with concerns over the potential adverse effects produced by analgesic drugs. Joint pain and ear infections were generally rated as conditions that would be less prone to require analgesia. Significant associations were observed for demographic factors such as gender, age, and geographical area, whether participants were healthcare providers, and whether their pets had undergone surgery before. Although many respondents expressed uncertainty in recognizing pain in their pets and administering analgesics, they also expressed a desire to learn and to be informed. This study highlights areas and factors that may determine the perceptions and opinions of small animal caregivers that form a unique human-animal bond in China. Client communication should be addressed on a case-by-case basis and adapted to the geographical area, as the individual background and demographics may have an ultimate impact on treatment goals and patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Kim
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pedro H.E. Trindade
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, Raleigh, United States
| | - Paweł M. Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Centre for Companion Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paulo V. Steagall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Centre for Companion Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rubini S, Rubini R, Bertocchi S, Zordan S, Magri A, Barsi F, Sampieri M, Locatelli CA, Baldini E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S. A case of severe benzalkonium chloride intoxication in a cat. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:18. [PMID: 38622748 PMCID: PMC11020912 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), that can be found in a wide variety of household products-from disinfectants to medicaments and home fragrances-but also professional products. In pets, cats have long been reported as more sensitive than dogs to QACs; in fact, signs of irritation such as oral ulcerations, stomatitis and pharyngitis can be observed after contact with concentrations of 2% or lower. In a review of 245 cases of BAC exposure in cats, reported by the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (United Kingdom) only 1.2% of the cases died or were euthanized. Nevertheless, BAC toxidromes in cats can result in transitory CNS and respiratory distress, as well as severe mucosal and cutaneous lesions. Currently, only a few reports are available concerning BAC poisoning in this species. CASE PRESENTATION A 4 month-old kitten presented with severe glossitis, lameness in the hindlimbs and episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea. The cause was unknown until the owners reported use of a BAC-containing mould remover (5%) 4 days later. The patient developed severe oral burns requiring a pharyngeal tube for feeding and severe cutaneous chemical burns. The kitten was managed with supportive therapy and required hospitalization for 10 days. The symptoms disappeared completely 3 weeks after exposure. CONCLUSIONS BAC is a very common compound contained in several household and professional products but, to the best of our knowledge, no previous case had been reported in Italy. We hope that this report will help raise awareness on the hazards of BAC products for cats in both domestic and work contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silva Rubini
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Ferrara Territorial Office, Via Modena 483, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Rubini
- Europa Veterinary Clinic, Via Arginone 381/C, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Bertocchi
- Europa Veterinary Clinic, Via Arginone 381/C, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Zordan
- Europa Veterinary Clinic, Via Arginone 381/C, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Magri
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Ferrara Territorial Office, Via Modena 483, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Barsi
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Ferrara Territorial Office, Via Modena 483, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Sampieri
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Bologna Territorial Office, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Poison Control Center of Pavia-National Center for Toxicological Information-Clinical and Experimental Toxicology Laboratories, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS Pavia, Via Salvatore Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee CH, Wang SL. Oral mirtazapine decreases the gastrointestinal adverse effects in cats on doxorubicin chemotherapy. Vet J 2024; 304:106087. [PMID: 38395251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia, depression, and vomiting are the common adverse effects of chemotherapy in humans and animals. Mirtazapine is primarily used as an appetite stimulant and antiemetic in dogs and cats. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of mirtazapine in reducing the gastrointestinal adverse effects in cats receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy. This single-masked, placebo-controlled crossover study enrolled 11 cats with malignant mammary gland tumors. The cats were randomly assigned to receive either mirtazapine (1.88 mg/cat) or placebo every 48 h for 2 weeks from the first initiation of doxorubicin chemotherapy. Each cat was then crossed over to the alternate group on the subsequent chemotherapy with a 1-week wash-out period. The owners were asked to record appetite score, activity score, episodes of vomiting and diarrhea for 2 weeks after each doxorubicin administration. Cats treated with mirtazapine showed significantly increased bodyweight compared with those on placebo (P = 0.010). The appetite and activity scores during mirtazapine treatment was significantly higher than those during placebo treatment (P = 0.005 and 0.018, respectively). Furthermore, the prevalence of episodes of vomiting during mirtazapine treatment was significantly lower than that during placebo treatment (P = 0.026). Our results demonstrate that mirtazapine can significantly increase bodyweight, appetite, and activity and reduce vomiting in cats after doxorubicin chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S L Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jang HJ, Kim JA, Kim Y. Characterization of feline-originated probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 and and evaluation of their host response. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:128. [PMID: 38561808 PMCID: PMC10983674 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are beneficial for animal health and new potential probiotics need to be characterized for their prospective use in improving animal health. In this study, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from a Norwegian forest cat (castrated, 12 years old) and a Persian cat (castrated, 10 years old), which were privately owned and had indoor access. RESULTS Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 (CACC612) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 (CACC789) were selected as potential probiotics; characterization of the two strains showed equivalent acid tolerance, similar cell adhesion rates on the HT-29 monolayer cell line, and superior bile tolerance compared to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Subsequently, they exhibited inhibitory effects against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli (KCTC 2617), Salmonella Derby (NCCP 12,238), Salmonella Enteritidis (NCCP 14,546), Salmonella Typhimurium (NCCP 10,328), Clostridium difficile JCM 1296T. From evaluating host effects, the viability of the feline macrophage cell line (Fcwf-4) increased with the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). The induced expression of immune-related genes such as IFN-γ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, and TNF-α by immune stimulation was significantly attenuated by the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). When 52 clinical factors of sera from 21 healthy cats were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the animals were obviously clustered before and after feeding with CACC612 or CACC789. In addition, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly increased after CACC612 feeding (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, feline-originated probiotics were newly characterized and their potentially probiotic effects were evaluated. These results contribute to our understanding of the functional effects of feline-derived probiotics and support their industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hawker W, Singh A. Advances in the Treatment of Chylothorax. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024:S0195-5616(24)00007-X. [PMID: 38503596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic chylothorax is a challenging clinical condition historically associated with poor resolution rates following surgical intervention. Recent advances in imaging and surgical techniques have revolutionized the treatment of this disease process. Computed tomographic lymphangiography has facilitated improved surgical planning and postoperative assessment, while intraoperative use of near-infrared fluorescence imaging aids in highly accurate intraoperative thoracic duct identification. Utilizing these advancements, minimally invasive surgical techniques have been successfully developed and have been associated with considerable improvements in surgical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Hawker
- Department of Clinical Studies, The Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 26 College Avenue West, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, The Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 26 College Avenue West, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pedro B, Sarcinella F, Linney C, Neves J, Mesquita L. Congenital right atrial diverticulum in a kitten. J Vet Cardiol 2024; 53:1-5. [PMID: 38520764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A 4-month-old Domestic Shorthair cat with no clinical signs was referred for further examination of a heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed marked right atrial dilation, extending into the left hemithorax. Computed tomography angiography was conducted to investigate further, which revealed a balloon-shaped, contrast-filled cavity on the cranial and left side of the chest that connected to the right atrium through a narrow passage. This was diagnosed as a congenital right atrial diverticulum. Treatment included clopidogrel to reduce the risk of thrombus formation. Two months after the initial diagnosis, castration surgery was successfully performed without complications. The cat died suddenly at home 10 months after diagnosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first right atrial diverticulum reported in a cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Pedro
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, United Kingdom; Virtual Veterinary Specialists, 166 College Road, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 1BH, United Kingdom; Hospital Veterinario do Bom Jesus, Avenida General Carrilho da Silva Pinto 52, 4715-380, Braga, Portugal.
| | - F Sarcinella
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, United Kingdom
| | - C Linney
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, United Kingdom; Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village, Paragon Way, Wakefield, WF1 2DF, United Kingdom
| | - J Neves
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, United Kingdom; Virtual Veterinary Specialists, 166 College Road, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 1BH, United Kingdom; Hospital Veterinario do Bom Jesus, Avenida General Carrilho da Silva Pinto 52, 4715-380, Braga, Portugal; Hospital Veterinario de Aveiro, Avenida da Universidade 215, 3810-489 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - L Mesquita
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, United Kingdom; AniCura CHV Porto, Hospital Veterinario, Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevedo 118, 4100-321, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Denton M, Vitt JP, Saunders AB, Wesselowski S. Double Outlet Right Atrium in an American Domestic Shorthair Cat. CASE (Phila) 2024; 8:241-246. [PMID: 38524989 PMCID: PMC10955103 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
•DORA should be considered in cases with radiographic evidence of LA enlargement. •TTE can diagnose DORA. •Cats with DORA may remain undiagnosed until adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Denton
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jordan P. Vitt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ashley B. Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sonya Wesselowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruparell A, Alexander JE, Eyre R, Carvell-Miller L, Leung YB, Evans SJM, Holcombe LJ, Heer M, Watson P. Glycine supplementation can partially restore oxidative stress-associated glutathione deficiency in ageing cats. Br J Nutr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38418414 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular levels of glutathione, the major mammalian antioxidant, are reported to decline with age in several species. To understand whether ageing affects circulating glutathione levels in cats, blood was sampled from two age groups, < 3 years and > 9 years. Further, to determine whether dietary supplementation with glutathione precursor glycine (GLY) affects glutathione concentrations in senior cats (> 8 years), a series of free GLY inclusion level dry diets were fed. Subsequently, a 16-week GLY feeding study was conducted in senior cats (> 7 years), measuring glutathione, and markers of oxidative stress. Whole blood and erythrocyte total, oxidised and reduced glutathione levels were significantly decreased in senior cats, compared with their younger counterparts (P ≤ 0·02). The inclusion level study identified 1·5 % free GLY for the subsequent dry diet feeding study. Significant increases in erythrocyte total and reduced glutathione were observed between senior cats fed supplemented and control diets at 4 weeks (P ≤ 0·03; maximum difference of 1·23 µM). Oxidative stress markers were also significantly different between groups at 8 (P = 0·004; difference of 0·68 nG/ml in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and 12 weeks (P ≤ 0·049; maximum difference of 0·62 nG/mG Cr in F2-isoprostane PGF2α). Senior cats have lower circulating glutathione levels compared with younger cats. Feeding senior cats a complete and balanced dry diet supplemented with 1·5 % free GLY for 12 weeks elevated initial erythrocyte glutathione and altered markers of oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation with free GLY provides a potential opportunity to restore age-associated reduction in glutathione in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avika Ruparell
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Janet E Alexander
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Ryan Eyre
- Royal Canin Pet Health and Nutrition Centre, 6574 State Route 503N, Lewisburg, OH, USA
| | | | - Y Becca Leung
- Royal Canin Research & Development Center, Aimargues, France
| | | | - Lucy J Holcombe
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Martina Heer
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Phillip Watson
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duclos AA, Guzmán Ramos PJ, Mooney CT. Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection: a case report and first description in Ireland. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:1. [PMID: 38336785 PMCID: PMC10854173 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV) infection is an emerging disease. It is distinct from classic oronasal calicivirus infection as it manifests with unique systemic signs including severe cutaneous ulcerations, limb oedema, and high mortality, even in adequately vaccinated cats. Devastating epizootic outbreaks with hospital-acquired infections have been described in the United States, the United Kingdom, continental Europe and Australia with up to 54 cats affected in one outbreak and a mortality rate of up to 86%. This highly contagious and potentially fatal disease has not yet been reported in Ireland. CASE PRESENTATION An 11-month-old male neutered vaccinated domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 10-day history of lethargy, decreased appetite and progressively worsening pitting oedema in all four limbs. The signs were first noted after another kitten from a high-density cat shelter was introduced in to the household. Additional physical examination findings included marked pyrexia, and lingual and cutaneous ulcers. Virulent systemic feline calicivirus was diagnosed based on compatible history and clinical signs, exclusion of other causes, and calicivirus isolation by RT-PCR both in blood and oropharyngeal samples. Negative calicivirus RT-PCR in blood following resolution of the clinical signs further supported the diagnosis. CONCLUSION This case represents the first known case of VS-FCV infection in Ireland. Given the severity of the clinical signs, and the high risk for epizootic outbreaks, Irish veterinarians should be aware of the disease to ensure prompt diagnosis and implementation of adequate preventive measures, in order to limit the threat that this disease represents for the wider cat population and particularly given the risk of hospital-acquired VS-FCV infection. Virulent systemic calicivirus should be suspected in cats with pyrexia of unknown origin, oedema or ulceration affecting the limbs or the face, and exposure to rescue cats from high-density households.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine A Duclos
- Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Pedro J Guzmán Ramos
- Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carmel T Mooney
- Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Segev G, Cortellini S, Foster JD, Francey T, Langston C, Londoño L, Schweighauser A, Jepson RE. International Renal Interest Society best practice consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in cats and dogs. Vet J 2024:106068. [PMID: 38325516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an injury to the renal parenchyma, with or without a decrease in kidney function, as reflected by accumulation of uremic toxins or altered urine production (i.e., increased or decreased). AKI might result from any of several factors, including ischemia, inflammation, nephrotoxins, and infectious diseases. AKI can be community- or hospital-acquired. The latter was not previously considered a common cause for AKI in animals; however, recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of hospital-acquired AKI is increasing in veterinary medicine. This is likely due to a combination of increased recognition and awareness of AKI, as well as increased treatment intensity (e.g., ventilation and prolonged hospitalization) in some veterinary patients and increased management of geriatric veterinary patients with multiple comorbidities. Advancements in the management of AKI, including the increased availability of renal replacement therapies, have been made; however, the overall mortality of animals with AKI remains high. Despite the high prevalence of AKI and the high mortality rate, the body of evidence regarding the diagnosis and the management of AKI in veterinary medicine is very limited. Consequently, the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) constructed a working group to provide guidelines for animals with AKI. Recommendations are based on the available literature and the clinical experience of the members of the working group and reflect consensus of opinion. Fifty statements were generated and were voted on in all aspects of AKI and explanatory text can be found either before or after each statement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan D Foster
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Friendship Hospital for Animals, Washington DC, USA
| | - Thierry Francey
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Langston
- Veterinary Clinical Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leonel Londoño
- Department of Critical Care, Capital Veterinary Specialists, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ariane Schweighauser
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Corbee RJ. The effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on faecal parameters in healthy dogs and cats. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105116. [PMID: 38160491 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on faecal parameters in healthy dogs and cats. To this end, 20 dogs and 20 Domestic shorthair cats were fed a commercially available adult dog food, or cat food, respectively, with either syrup containing GOS (at 1% w galacto-oligosaccharides/w formulated feed) on top (test group) or no topping (control group) for 56 days in a cross-over design. The study consisted of 2 periods of 24 days adaptation, followed by 4 days of collection of faeces. Faecal samples were tested for moisture, nitrogen, pH, macronutrients, enzymes, and fermentation products. The faecal microbiota were analysed by 16S rDNA profiling. It appeared that GOS have different effects in dogs compared to cats. In dogs, the addition of GOS resulted in increased carbohydrate fermentation (increase of acetic and butyric acid), whereas in cats GOS resulted in increased amino acid fermentation (increase of isovaleric acid). The α-diversity of the canine faecal microbiota was reduced by dietary GOS (Inverse Simpson Index, p = 0.063; Shannon index, p = 0.035) whereas the α-diversity of cat faecal microbiota was unaffected (Inverse Simpson Index, p = 0.539; Shannon index, p = 0.872). Lachnospiraceae spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. positively responded to GOS in both cats and dogs. Lactobacillus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae spp. positively responded to GOS in dogs. In both dogs and cats, GOS may therefore improve stool microbiota and result in the production of specific metabolites that are beneficial to gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin S, Ota U, Imazato H, Takahashi K, Ishizuka M, Osaki T. In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy using 5-ALA on homologous feline mammary tumors in 2D and 3D culture conditions and a mouse subcutaneous model with 3D cultured cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103993. [PMID: 38280675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a therapeutic effect on mammary tumor cells, with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA-HCL) being a commonly used photosensitizer for PDT. Feline mammary tumors (FMTs) are relatively common. However, the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of 5-ALA-PDT on FMTs have not been clarified. To this end, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of 5-ALA-PDT on FMTs through in vitro experiments using an FMT FKR cell line established for this study. METHODS We performed 5-ALA-PDT in 2D-cultured FKR-A (adherent cells) and 3D-cultured FKR-S (spheroid cells) cells and performed a series of studies to evaluate the cell viability and determine the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) content in the cells as well as the expression levels of mRNAs associated with PpIX production and release. An in vivo study was performed to assess the effectiveness of 5-ALA-PDT. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the concentration of PpIX in FMT cells under different incubation culture modes (2D versus 3D culture). The concentration of PpIX in FMT cells was correlated with the differences in cell culture (2D and 3D) as well as the expression levels of genes such as PEPT1, PEPT2, FECH, and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS In the in vitro study, 5-ALA-PDT had a stronger inhibitory effect on 3D-cultured FKR-S cells, which resemble the internal environment of organisms more closely. We also observed a significant inhibitory effect of 5-ALA-PDT on FMT cells in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first study on 5-ALA-PDT for FMTs under both 2D and 3D conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Lin
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Urara Ota
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | - Hideo Imazato
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo 106-6020, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Daniel IK, Ramos RAN, Luksovsky JL, Galindo MA, Saleh MN, Verocai GG. Apparent tick paralysis by Otobius megnini in a cat. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 48:100972. [PMID: 38316500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report a rare case of tick paralysis in a cat induced by Otobius megnini infestation. An 11-month-old female cat was admitted to a private veterinary clinic in Luling Texas, USA presenting with depression, tachycardia, and flaccid paralysis of the entire body. The four recovered ticks were morphologically and molecularly identified as O. megnini nymphs. Following initial tick removal and treatment with 0.1% milbemycin oxime in the ear canal on the first day of hospitalization, and additional tick removal and topical selamectin treatment on the second day of hospitalization the animal gradually improved. The recovery of the cat after tick removal supports the diagnosis of tick toxicosis. While tick antiserum is not available in North America, prevention of tick infestation and tick-induced paralysis can be effectively accomplished using repellent collars and the compliant use of other ectoparasiticide products year-round.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian K Daniel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rafael A N Ramos
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joe L Luksovsky
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Meriam N Saleh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goloni C, Pacheco LG, Luis LW, Theodoro SS, Scarpim LB, Dalpubel D, Rosenburg MG, Jeusette IC, Torre C, Pereira GT, Carciofi AC. High starch intake favours body weight control in neutered and spayed cats living in homes fed ad libitum. Br J Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38291971 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Different starch-to-protein ratios were compared among neutered and spayed domiciled cats. Male and female obese and non-obese cats were fed kibble diets ad libitum for 4 months high in starch (HS (38 % crude protein (CP)): starch 32 %, protein 38 %; DM basis) or high in protein (HP (55 % CP): starch 19 %, protein 55 %) but similar in energy and fat in a crossover design. Physical activity was evaluated using an accelerometer, and body composition (BC), energy expenditure (EE) and water turnover (WT) using the doubly labelled water method. Results were compared in a 2 diet × 2 sex × 2 body condition factorial arrangement. Cats fed the HS (38 % CP) diet maintained a constant body weight, but lean mass (LM) tended to be reduced in female obese but to be increased in male non-obese (P < 0·08) and increased in female non-obese cats (P = 0·01). The HP (55 % CP) diet induced an increase in cat body weight and LM (P < 0·05) without altering BC proportion. EE tended to be higher in males (351 (se 8) kJ/kg0·67/d) than females (330 (se 8) kJ/kg0·67/d; P = 0·06), was unaffected by diet or BC, decreased as age increased (R 2 0·44; P < 0·01) and increased as physical activity increased (R 2 0·58; P < 0·01). WT was higher for the HP (55 % CP) diet (P < 0·01) and increased with EE (R 2 0·65; P < 0·01). The HS (38 % CP) diet favoured body weight control during 4 months of ad libitum feeding. Caution is necessary to balance protein in diets of female obese cats over 5 years, as they may have low energy and food intake, with LM loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Goloni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia G Pacheco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia W Luis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Scarpim
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dalpubel
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Meire Gallo Rosenburg
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gener T Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Aulus C Carciofi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Katz ML, Cook J, Vite CH, Campbell RS, Coghill LM, Lyons LA. Beta-mannosidosis in a domestic cat associated with a missense variant in MANBA. Gene 2024; 893:147941. [PMID: 37913889 PMCID: PMC10841995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A 6-month-old cat of unknown ancestry presented for a neurologic evaluation due to progressive motor impairment. Complete physical and neurologic examinations suggested the disorder was likely to be hereditary, although the signs were not consistent with any previously described inherited disorders in cats. Due to the progression of disease signs including severely impaired motor function and cognitive decline, the cat was euthanized at approximately 10.5 months of age. Whole genome sequence analysis identified a homozygous missense variant c.2506G > A in MANBA that predicts a p.Gly836Arg alteration in the encoded lysosomal enzyme β -mannosidase. This variant was not present in the whole genome or whole exome sequences of any of the 424 cats represented in the 99 Lives Cat Genome dataset. β -Mannosidase enzyme activity was undetectable in brain tissue homogenates from the affected cat, whereas α-mannosidase enzyme activities were elevated compared to an unaffected cat. Postmortem examination of brain and retinal tissues revealed massive accumulations of vacuolar inclusions in most cells, similar to those reported in animals of other species with hereditary β -mannosidosis. Based on these findings, the cat likely suffered from β -mannosidosis due to the abolition of β -mannosidase activity associated with the p.Gly836Arg amino acid substitution. p.Gly836 is located in the C-terminal region of the protein and was not previously known to be involved in modulating enzyme activity. In addition to the vacuolar inclusions, some cells in the brain of the affected cat contained inclusions that exhibited lipofuscin-like autofluorescence. Electron microscopic examinations suggested these inclusions formed via an autophagy-like process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - James Cook
- Specialists in Companion Animal Neurology, Clearwater, FL 33765, USA
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca S Campbell
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lyndon M Coghill
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thomas S, Lappin DF, Bennett D, Nile C, Riggio MP. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in saliva of cats with feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105092. [PMID: 38029490 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is an inflammatory oral disease of unknown aetiopathogenesis that affects between 20% to 75% of cats. Twenty immune-associated molecules were measured in saliva of 25 healthy and 40 cats with FORL using a multiplex assay. No statistically significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between the healthy group and the diseased group of cats. A two-step cluster analysis of the oral microbiome and salivary cytokine data identified two subgroups of cats with FORL: FORL-1 (subset of cats with a less diverse oral microbiome) and FORL-2 (diseased cats with a microbiome similar to that of healthy animals). The level of some key proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-12p40) and chemokines (IL-8, RANTES, KC) were significantly higher in the FORL-1 subgroup than in the FORL-2 subgroup and the healthy group. In addition, TNF-α levels were greater in the FORL-1 subgroup than in the FORL-2 subgroup. These increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines indicate active ongoing inflammation that may promote the osteoclastic/odontoclastic activity associated with FORL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Thomas
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - David Bennett
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Nile
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Couture M, Stellato AC, Moody CM, Niel L. Owner Perspectives of Cat Handling Techniques Used in the Veterinary Clinic. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:46-56. [PMID: 35188008 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2022.2039144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An online cross-sectional survey was used to assess cat owner attitudes towards 12 cat handling techniques used during veterinary appointments. Likert-scale questions were designed to assess level of agreement with handling techniques when the participants' cat is calm, fearful, or aggressive. We examined the influence of participant's cat attachment and demographic information on agreement towards common handling techniques. Overall, participants (n = 1754) disagreed with higher restraint techniques such as full body with scruffing, and agreed with lower restraint methods such as minimal restraint and use of towels, regardless of cat demeanor. Logistic regression models revealed that participants were more likely to disagree with the use of full body restraint with scruff on fearful cats if they had a higher pet attachment score (p = 0.002), were residents of the US (p = 0.003), or were between the ages of 51-70 years of age (p = 0.001). Owner agreement with techniques involving a lower degree of restraint during routine veterinary procedures provides further support for current recommendations encouraging handlers to use these techniques with cats, and to avoid methods requiring a higher degree of restraint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Couture
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carly M Moody
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lee Niel
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fernandes FD, Tagarra LG, Roman IJ, Moraes DADO, Rodrigues D, de Andrade CM, Bräunig P, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Cargnelutti JF, Sangioni LA, Vogel FSF. Increased frequency of detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats after outbreak of human toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:73. [PMID: 38150060 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis affects various organisms, including humans. In 2018, the largest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis described so far was reported in southern Brazil, with 809 human cases reported, and water as the potentially primary source of infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic cats before and after the human toxoplasmosis outbreak, as well as the potential for environmental contamination by the number of cats infected after the outbreak. We evaluated 381 serum samples from domestic cats in southern Brazil, using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, with samples considered positive at a titer of 1:20. We found that 73% (204/279) and 27% (75/279) of the samples analyzed before the outbreak were negative and positive, respectively. After the outbreak, 62% (69/112) were negative of the samples were and 38% (43/112) were positive. Notably, the proportion of positive samples before the outbreak before (27%) was significantly lower than that after the outbreak (38%; P = 0.020). Therefore, the increased seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats was probably correlated with the ingestion of contaminated water. Therefore, it is important to monitor animals, mainly definitive hosts, after toxoplasmosis outbreaks, considering that these animals can contaminate the environment and, consequently, humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fagner D'Ambroso Fernandes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
- Centro Universitário Ritter Dos Reis (UniRitter), Av. Manoel Elias, nº 2001, Bairro Passo das Pedras, 91240-261, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
| | - Larissa Godoy Tagarra
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Isac Junior Roman
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Denis Altieri de Oliveira Moraes
- Departamento de Estatística (DE), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 13, Sala 1208, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Daniele Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinária (LACVET), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 97, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinária (LACVET), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 97, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais (DCPA), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 97, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria-RS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Patricia Bräunig
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | | | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia (LABAC), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luis Antonio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanegi R, Hatoya S, Kimura K, Yodoe K, Nishimura T, Sugiura K, Kawate N, Inaba T. Generation, characterization, and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem-like cells in the domestic cat. J Reprod Dev 2023; 69:317-327. [PMID: 37880086 PMCID: PMC10721851 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from somatic cells and can differentiate into various cell types. Therefore, these cells are expected to be a powerful tool for modeling diseases and transplantation therapy. Generation of domestic cat iPS cells depending on leukemia inhibitory factor has been reported; however, this strategy may not be optimized. Considering that domestic cats are excellent models for studying spontaneous diseases, iPS cell generation is crucial. In this study, we aimed to derive iPS cells from cat embryonic fibroblasts retrovirally transfected with mouse Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc. After transfection, embryonic fibroblasts were reseeded onto inactivated SNL 76/7 and cultured in a medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor. Flat, compact, primary colonies resembling human iPS colonies were observed. Additionally, primary colonies were more frequently observed in the KnockOut Serum Replacement medium than in the fetal bovine serum (FBS) medium. However, enhanced maintenance and proliferation of iPS-like cells occurred in the FBS medium. These iPS-like cells expressed embryonic stem cell markers, had normal karyotypes, proliferated beyond 45 passages, and differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro. Notably, expression of exogenous Oct3/4, Klf4, and Sox2 was silenced in these cells. However, the iPS-like cells failed to form teratomas. In conclusion, this is the first study to establish and characterize cat iPS-like cells, which can differentiate into different cell types depending on the basic fibroblast growth factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kanegi
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kimura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yodoe
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishimura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Toshio Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ryave J, Sanders RA, Gunasekaran T. Successful balloon angioplasty in a cat with unilateral left pulmonary artery branch stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:17-22. [PMID: 37913605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A 9-month-old intact male Ragdoll cat was presented for evaluation of a left-sided systolic murmur that was first auscultated during examination for a newly developed cough. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a narrowed left pulmonary artery and an increase in flow velocities at the level of the narrowing, consistent with left pulmonary artery branch stenosis. The right pulmonary artery appeared normal. Balloon angioplasty was performed and successfully reduced pressure gradient across the stenosis. The patient continues to do well 14 months after the procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ryave
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R A Sanders
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - T Gunasekaran
- BluePearl Pet Hospital, 4126 Packard Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Velie BD, Milden T, Miller H, Haase B. An estimation of osteochondrodysplasia prevalence in Australian Scottish Fold cats: a retrospective study using VetCompass Data. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:252. [PMID: 38031079 PMCID: PMC10685627 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All Scottish Fold cats are believed to be affected by osteochondrodysplasia, a painful degenerative joint disorder. This retrospective study aimed to estimate the prevalence of osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish Fold and Scottish Straight cats in Australian veterinary clinics using electronic patient records (EPRs), collected between 1992 and 2018. RESULTS Consultation events (34,926) in EPRs from veterinary clinics located in New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria, were collected from 1,131 Scottish Fold and 117 Scottish Shorthair cats. A clinical diagnosis of osteochondrodysplasia was made in 12/1,131 Scottish Fold cats. Additionally, 69 cats were identified with suspected osteochondrodysplasia. Of these, 64 were Scottish Fold and 5 were Scottish Shorthair cats. Male and female cats were equally represented. However, a significant difference was observed for the age clinical signs were first recorded in the EPRs. Cats diagnosed clinically with osteochondrodysplasia were significantly younger (p < 0.0001) compared to cats identified as suspected SFOCD cases. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest a relatively low prevalence of clinically diagnosed Scottish Fold osteochondrodysplasia (SFOCD) in the studied Australian Scottish Fold population, with cats generally diagnosed with SFOCD at less than 30 months of age. Further evidence is required to accurately assess the clinical relevance of SFOCD in the Scottish Fold population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Velie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey Milden
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah Miller
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Bianca Haase
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Salmon SJ, Coleman AE, Lynn CR, Sanders JE, Messenger KM. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of sotalol hydrochloride in healthy cats. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:86-96. [PMID: 38118234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and urinary elimination of sotalol in healthy cats. ANIMALS Six adult purpose-bred cats MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cats were administered 2 mg sotalol/kg body weight as a single intravenous bolus and as a single oral dose in a randomized crossover study with a 2-week washout period. The same cats then received 3 mg sotalol/kg orally every 12 h for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points for 48 h postdose for quantification of sotalol using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Non-compartmental analysis was used to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters. Data are presented as median (min-max). RESULTS Following intravenous administration, plasma clearance and volume of distribution were 9.22 mL/min/kg (5.69-10.89) and 2175.56 (1961-2341.57) mL/kg, respectively. Bioavailability was 88.41% (62.75-130.29) following a single oral dose. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to Cmax were 0.94 μg/mL (0.45-1.17) and 1.5 h (0.5-4) after a single oral dose (2 mg/kg), and 2.29 μg/mL (1.91-2.48) and 1.0 h (0.5-1.5) with chronic oral dosing (3 mg/kg), respectively. Elimination half-life was 2.75 h (2.52-4.10) and 4.29 h (3.33-5.53) for single and chronic oral dosing, respectively. Accumulation index was 1.17 (1.09-1.29) after chronic dosing. Urinary sotalol recovery was 81-108% of the intravenous dose. CONCLUSIONS Oral sotalol administration resulted in plasma concentrations reportedly efficacious in other species, with good to excellent oral bioavailability. Urinary excretion appears to be a major route of elimination. Following repeated oral dosing, minimal drug accumulation was estimated. Additional studies in cats are recommended due to the possibility of nonlinear kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Salmon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - A E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - C R Lynn
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - J E Sanders
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - K M Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Navalón I, Coromoto Verdugo B, Tursi M. Tricuspid atresia with atrial and ventricular septal defects in a kitten. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:138-144. [PMID: 38128419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A 45-days-old mixed-breed female cat was referred to a veterinary specialty hospital for evaluation due to poor general condition, dyspnea of possible cardiac origin, and a heart murmur. The results of the physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography led to a diagnosis of hypotrophy of the right ventricle, tricuspid atresia, and atrial septal defect. Cardiovascular pathological findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis in addition to the observation of a ventricular septal defect. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of tricuspid atresia with atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect in a cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Navalón
- Hospital Veterinari Canis C/. Can Pau Birol, 38 - 17006 Girona, Spain
| | | | - M Tursi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 - 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
DuPerry B, Lopez KE, Rush JE, Berridge BR, Mitchell RN, Breitschwerdt EB, Freeman LM. Dilated cardiomyopathy of possible dietary origin in a cat. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:172-178. [PMID: 38141434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat was diagnosed with severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and congestive heart failure. The cat had been eating cat foods that were high in pulses (e.g. peas, lentils, chickpeas). Neither plasma nor whole blood taurine concentrations were deficient. Primary treatment included furosemide, pimobendan, and clopidogrel, and changing to diets that did not contain pulses (a taurine supplements was not administered). The cat's clinical signs improved, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations decreased, and echocardiographic measurements stayed relatively stable for over one year after initiating cardiac medications and changing the diet. Ultimately, the cat was euthanized for worsening congestive heart failure 374 days after the diagnosis of DCM. Infectious disease testing during the time of clinical surveillance was negative. Routine histopathology of the heart was unremarkable, but electron microscopy of the left ventricle showed large numbers of mitochondria of variable size and structure. A moderate number of lamellar bodies and autophagic vacuoles also were noted. This case report illustrates an unusual case of a cat with DCM unrelated to taurine deficiency. The relative roles of diet change, cardiac medications, and a dedicated owner are unclear, but this cat's relatively long survival time is similar to that seen after diet change in dogs and cats with DCM eating high-pulse diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B DuPerry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - K E Lopez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - J E Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | | | - R N Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - E B Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, and the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - L M Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fries RC. Current use of cardiac MRI in animals. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:13-23. [PMID: 38052149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has evolved to become an indispensable tool in human cardiology. It is a non-invasive technique that enables objective assessment of myocardial function, size, and tissue composition. Recent innovations in magnetic resonance imaging scanner technology and parallel imaging techniques have facilitated the generation of parametric mapping to explore tissue characteristics, and the emergence of strain imaging has enabled cardiologists to evaluate cardiac function beyond conventional metrics. As veterinary cardiology continues to utilize CMR beyond the reference standard, clinical application of CMR will further expand our capabilities. This article describes the current use of CMR and adoption of more recent advances such as T1/T2 mapping in veterinary cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuo MYW, Häggström J, Gordon SG, Höglund K, Côté E, Lu TL, Dirven M, Rishniw M, Hung YW, Ljungvall I. Veterinary echocardiographers' preferences for left atrial size assessment in cats: the BENEFIT project. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:145-156. [PMID: 38128420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Veterinary echocardiographers' preferences for left atrial (LA) size assessment in cats have not been systematically investigated. The primary aim of this prospective exploratory study was to investigate echocardiographers' preferences concerning LA size assessment in cats. A secondary aim was to investigate echocardiographers' preferences for assessing LA size in subgroups based on geographic, demographic, and professional profiles. ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS An online survey instrument was designed, verified, and distributed globally to veterinary echocardiographers. RESULTS A total of 655 veterinary echocardiographers from six continents and 54 countries, working in specialty practice (56%) and in general practice (38%), provided data. Linear two-dimensional (2D) technique was favored by most echocardiographers (n = 612) for LA size assessment. Most commonly, respondents combined linear 2D with subjective assessment (n = 227), while 209 used linear 2D-based methods alone. Most echocardiographers using linear 2D-based methods preferred the right parasternal short-axis view and to index the LA to the aorta (Ao). Approximately 10% of the respondents obtained LA dimensions from a right parasternal long-axis four-chamber view. Approximately one-third of echocardiographers that made linear measurements from 2D echocardiograms shared the same preferences regarding cat position, acquisition view, indexing method and time point identification for the LA measurement. The responses were comparably homogeneous across geographic location, level of training, years performing echocardiography, and type of practice. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Most veterinary echocardiographers assessed LA size in cats using linear 2D echocardiography from a right parasternal short-axis view, and indexed LA to Ao. Respondents' preferences were similar over geographic, demographic, and professional backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Y-W Kuo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - J Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K Höglund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Côté
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - T-L Lu
- Chuan Animal Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Dirven
- Evidensia Södra Animal Hospital, Kungens Kurva, Sweden
| | - M Rishniw
- Veterinary Information Network, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Y-W Hung
- Cardiospecial Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ramsey A, Britt CD, Kutzler M. Comparing ovarian expression of sperm acrosome associated 3 protein in young and adult queens. Theriogenology 2023; 211:198-202. [PMID: 37657147 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to quantify sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression in the ovaries of young (3.0 ± 0.9 months, n = 11) and adult (10.4 ± 2.8 months, n = 11) queens. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded feline ovarian sections. Ovaries were obtained following routine ovariohysterectomy of queens. Cellular expression of sperm acrosome associated 3 protein was measured in primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles using an image-analysis software's red, green, and blue stack and manual thresholding functions. The oocyte nucleus, ooplasm, granulosa cells, and theca cells were outlined using the freehand selection tool and mean grey value was recorded. Results from each cellular location were compared between age groups using a Student's t-test and between follicle stages using an analysis of variance. Compared to adult queens, younger queens had significantly greater sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression in granulosa cells of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Also, theca cells of secondary and tertiary follicles had significantly greater sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression in younger queens compared to adult queens. The oocyte nucleus of primordial, primary, and secondary follicles had significantly greater sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression in younger queens compared to adult queens. However, sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression within the ooplasm did not differ significantly between age groups of any follicle type. More research is needed to determine what role sperm acrosome associated 3 protein may play in female fertility in animals as well as what mechanisms regulate ovarian sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ramsey
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA
| | - Cynthia D Britt
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, And Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA.
| | - Michelle Kutzler
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scimeca RC, Reichard MV. Differential gene expression response to acute and chronic Cytauzxoon felis infection in domestic cats (Felis catus). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102242. [PMID: 37651848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytauxzoonosis is a severe tick transmitted protozoan disease of domestic cats, caused by Cytauxzoon felis. The disease is characterized by acute onset of high fever, depression, lethargy, inappentence, anorexia, icterus, dehydration, hemolytic anemia, and alteration of immune response. The aim of our study was to further detail the immune response of domestic cats to C. felis infection by comparing the differential expression of feline immune transcriptional elements during acute and chronic cytauxzoonosis. True single molecule sequencing (tSMS) was used to analyze the whole genome of acutely and chronically infected C. felis cats, focusing on the analysis of genes involved on the immune response. Two C. felis donor cats were infested with Amblyomma americanum nymphs, which after repletion were collected and kept in humidity chambers until they molted. The resulting A. americanum were randomly selected to infest three C. felis naïve principal cats. Infection of these cats was confirmed by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA C. felis gene and clinical signs. RNA was extracted from whole blood at different time points and used for tSMS analyses, the results revealed overexpression in transcripts involved in type I interferon signaling, cellular and cytokine responses during the acute stage of infection, while cell cycle, and metabolic processes were downregulated. Genes involved in cell adhesion increased their expression in the chronic infected cats, whereas inflammatory and apoptotic related genes were downregulated. This study provided information on the host immune response to C. felis in domestic cats, demonstrating that inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell adhesion are some of the pathways altered during acute and chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Scimeca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Mason V Reichard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Silva WI, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the global status of Platynosomum sp. (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae) infecting domestic cats (Felis catus). Vet Parasitol 2023; 322:110031. [PMID: 37742530 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Platynosomum sp. is a parasite that infects the liver and biliary tract of domestic and wild cats, causing platynosomiasis. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence and distribution of Platynosomum sp. based on epidemiological studies and case reports. A total of 73 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 46 studies of an epidemiological nature and 27 case report articles, comprising 35 affected animals. Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies revealed an overall prevalence of 17.8%, with high heterogeneity. Central America had the highest prevalence at 64.1%, followed by South America at 15.1%. Necropsy was the primary diagnostic method, followed by morphological detection of eggs in faeces at 29.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The analysis of case reports highlighted a greater number in South America and confirmed the presence of the parasite in countries where no epidemiological studies were obtained. The most infected animals were those that met the criteria of being mixed-breed, over 4 years old, and having unrestricted outdoor access, but no gender predilection was observed. General comorbidities were the most observed, followed by icterus. In addition, pathological changes were observed in the necropsied animals of the case reports, and the presence of thickening of the ducts and gallbladder was mainly identified, followed by fibrosis and hyperplasia, linked to the presence of an adult parasite. In conclusion, this systematic review with meta-analysis revealed a significant prevalence of Platynosomum sp. at a global level, mainly in the Americas, and that comprehensive studies are necessary for a more reliable prevalence, considering that this is a parasite of great importance for feline medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Welitânia Inácia Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Animal Health, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Post-Graduate Program in Science and Animal Health, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Block CL, Tong NM. Giant right atrial aneurysm associated with persistent left cranial vena cava in a cat. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 49:38-43. [PMID: 37633187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
A 10-month-old female spayed Scottish Fold was referred to cardiology for incidental radiographic cardiomegaly. Echocardiography was suspicious for a right atrial or right auricular aneurysm. The differential diagnosis also included peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia, mass lesion (cyst, granuloma, or neoplasia), or cardiac malformation. A giant right atrial aneurysm associated with a persistent left cranial vena cava was subsequently confirmed with computed tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Block
- Apex Veterinary Specialists, 20972 Sarahills Drive, Saratoga, CA 95070, USA.
| | - N M Tong
- Bay Area Veterinary Imaging, 2070 North Broadway #4853, Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Udell M, Delgado M, Ekenstedt K, Shoveller AK, Croney C. CATastrophic myths part 2: Common misconceptions about the environmental, nutritional, and genetic management of domestic cats and their welfare implications. Vet J 2023; 300-302:106029. [PMID: 37683762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the cat's popularity as a companion species, many owners and practitioners lack high quality information about important aspects of their behavior and management. Myths, anecdotes, and narratives of cats as 'low maintenance, self-sufficient' animals are pervasive, and the degree to which these may underlie complacency about fully meeting cats' needs is unknown. Several studies suggest that cat welfare and the human-cat bond may benefit from improved education about how to optimize the domestic cat's management and husbandry needs in homes and elsewhere. This paper is the second of a two-part series addressing common myths about cats. The purpose of this paper is to review and debunk common misconceptions about optimal cat care, feeding behavior, genetics, and training. Replacing these misconceptions with scientifically generated information could have a significant impact on the behavioral management of cats, positively influencing their physical health, mental stimulation, and well-being, and reducing stress for both cats and the people caring for them. Areas where further research is required to address ambiguities, and to better meet cats' needs in homes and other environments, are also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Udell
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 2921 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Kari Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Anna Kate Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Candace Croney
- Center for Animal Welfare Science, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elyasi B, Nasarolahzade Masouleh M, Jahandideh A. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on queen myocardial function: echocardiographic evidence. Vet Res Forum 2023; 14:495-499. [PMID: 37814657 PMCID: PMC10560328 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.552942.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgeries in veterinary medicine. Although this surgical method has several advantages, it can alter the function of various organs such as heart. The present study investigated the effect of OHE on cardiac functions using M-mode echocardiography. A total of 10 healthy adult domestic short-haired cats were enrolled in the current study. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) percentages along with cardiac output (CO) were measured through the right parasternal approach in papillary muscle level view. Moreover, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before OHE (D0) as well as 10 (D10), 20 (D20) and 30 (D30) days after OHE. The results of this study showed that the mean FS and EF decreased on all days of the study. The FS reduction was significant between D10 and D30 and EF changes were significant between D10 and D20. The means of CO increased significantly on D0 compared to the D10. After D20, CO reduced until the end of the study. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH increased on all research days; but, the changes were significant until D20. Despite the negative effects of OHE on myocardial function, there was no significant correlation between hormonal levels and echocardiographic findings after OHE in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasarolahzade Masouleh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Menezes MP, de Faria LG, Franco GG, Ido CK, Kawamoto FYK, de Souza JAL, Gomide PRS, Filgueira FGF, Yamada DI, Minto BW. Intraoperative and early postoperative pain in cats that underwent ovariohysterectomy using a spay hook: a randomised, masked, experimental study. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:154. [PMID: 37705013 PMCID: PMC10500812 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the feasibility and practicality of the ovariohysterectomy (OHE) technique in cats with or without a spay hook with respect to the incision size, surgical time, surgical variables, and intra- and postoperative pain. Twenty-nine female cats underwent OHE using a spay hook (spay hook group [SHG], n = 15) or without using a spay hook (control group [CG], n = 14) to achieve the ovaries and cervix. Physiological parameters were monitored during the intraoperative period, and postoperative pain was assessed using a multidimensional composite and visual analogue pain scales. RESULTS The SHG had a significantly shorter operative time than the CG. The variables in the intraoperative period showed no statistically significant difference between both groups, as well as the early postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS Less invasive OHE using a spay hook could potentially be a viable and feasible technique when performed by an inexperienced surgeon with appropriate training, especially in sterilisation campaigns, reducing the time to perform the procedure and increasing the number of animals spayed per time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareliza Possa de Menezes
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane w/n, Jaboticabal - São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Guilherme Galhardo Franco
- Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre - Espírito Santo, 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Cléber Kazuo Ido
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane w/n, Jaboticabal - São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Regina Silva Gomide
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane w/n, Jaboticabal - São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Geovânia Fernandes Filgueira
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane w/n, Jaboticabal - São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Iwao Yamada
- University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Watanabe Minto
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane w/n, Jaboticabal - São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wong K, Abascal F, Ludwig L, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Grassinger J, Wright CW, Allison SJ, Pinder E, Phillips RM, Romero LP, Gal A, Roady PJ, Pires I, Guscetti F, Munday JS, Peleteiro MC, Pinto CA, Carvalho T, Cota J, Du Plessis EC, Constantino-Casas F, Plog S, Moe L, de Brot S, Bemelmans I, Amorim RL, Georgy SR, Prada J, Del Pozo J, Heimann M, de Carvalho Nunes L, Simola O, Pazzi P, Steyl J, Ubukata R, Vajdovich P, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Roperto F, Millanta F, Palmieri C, Ortiz AL, Barros CSL, Gava A, Söderström ME, O'Donnell M, Klopfleisch R, Manrique-Rincón A, Martincorena I, Ferreira I, Arends MJ, Wood GA, Adams DJ, van der Weyden L. Cross-species oncogenomics offers insight into human muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Genome Biol 2023; 24:191. [PMID: 37635261 PMCID: PMC10464500 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. With a high mutation load and large number of altered genes, strategies to delineate key driver events are necessary. Dogs and cats develop urothelial carcinoma (UC) with histological and clinical similarities to human MIBC. Cattle that graze on bracken fern also develop UC, associated with exposure to the carcinogen ptaquiloside. These species may represent relevant animal models of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced UC that can provide insight into human MIBC. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing of domestic canine (n = 87) and feline (n = 23) UC, and comparative analysis with human MIBC reveals a lower mutation rate in animal cases and the absence of APOBEC mutational signatures. A convergence of driver genes (ARID1A, KDM6A, TP53, FAT1, and NRAS) is discovered, along with common focally amplified and deleted genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and chromatin remodelling. We identify mismatch repair deficiency in a subset of canine and feline UCs with biallelic inactivation of MSH2. Bovine UC (n = 8) is distinctly different; we identify novel mutational signatures which are recapitulated in vitro in human urinary bladder UC cells treated with bracken fern extracts or purified ptaquiloside. CONCLUSION Canine and feline urinary bladder UC represent relevant models of MIBC in humans, and cross-species analysis can identify evolutionarily conserved driver genes. We characterize mutational signatures in bovine UC associated with bracken fern and ptaquiloside exposure, a human-linked cancer exposure. Our work demonstrates the relevance of cross-species comparative analysis in understanding both human and animal UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Federico Abascal
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Latasha Ludwig
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Department Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Grassinger
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Department Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Colin W Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Simon J Allison
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Emma Pinder
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Roger M Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Laura P Romero
- Departmento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City, México
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick J Roady
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Science, CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Cota
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Lars Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Renée Laufer Amorim
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justina Prada
- Department of Veterinary Science, CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Del Pozo
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Steyl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rodrigo Ubukata
- E+ Especialidades Veterinárias - Veterinary Oncology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Vajdovich
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento Di Biologia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ana L Ortiz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudio S L Barros
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Aldo Gava
- Pathology Laboratory of the Centro de Ciencias Agro-Veterinarias, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Minna E Söderström
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie O'Donnell
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Manrique-Rincón
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alexander JE, Filler S, Bergman PJ, Bowring CE, Carvell-Miller L, Fulcher B, Haydock R, Lightfoot T, Logan DW, McKee TS, Mills T, Morrison J, Watson P, Woodruff C. The MARS PETCARE BIOBANK protocol: establishing a longitudinal study of health and disease in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:125. [PMID: 37592253 PMCID: PMC10433631 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The veterinary care of cats and dogs is increasingly embracing innovations first applied to human health, including an increased emphasis on preventative care and precision medicine. Large scale human population biobanks have advanced research in these areas; however, few have been established in veterinary medicine. The MARS PETCARE BIOBANK™ (MPB) is a prospective study that aims to build a longitudinal bank of biological samples, with paired medical and lifestyle data, from 20,000 initially healthy cats and dogs (10,000 / species), recruited through veterinary hospitals over a ten-year period. Here, we describe the MPB protocol and discuss its potential as a platform to increase understanding of why and how diseases develop and how to advance personalised veterinary healthcare. METHODS At regular intervals, extensive diet, health and lifestyle information, electronic medical records, clinicopathology and activity data are collected, genotypes, whole genome sequences and faecal metagenomes analysed, and blood, plasma, serum, and faecal samples stored for future research. DISCUSSION Proposed areas for research include the early detection and progression of age-related disease, risk factors for common conditions, the influence of the microbiome on health and disease and, through genome wide association studies, the identification of candidate loci for disease associated genetic variants. Genomic data will be open access and research proposals for access to data and samples will be considered. Over the coming years, the MPB will provide the longitudinal data and systematically collected biological samples required to generate important insights into companion animal health, identifying biomarkers of disease, supporting earlier identification of risk, and enabling individually tailored interventions to manage disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Alexander
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham On the Wolds, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Serina Filler
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham On the Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Philip J Bergman
- VCA Clinical Studies, 12401 West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claire E Bowring
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham On the Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Haydock
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham On the Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | - Darren W Logan
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham On the Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Talon S McKee
- VCA Clinical Studies, 12401 West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Mills
- VCA Clinical Studies, 12401 West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn Morrison
- Banfield Pet Hospital, 18101 SE 6Th Way, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Phillip Watson
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham On the Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Colby Woodruff
- Antech Diagnostics, 17620 Mount Herrmann St, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sandness BM, Perry KL, Bruce M. Single institution retrospective study evaluating the frequency of implant removal and associated risk factors following open fracture fixation in 80 cases (2010-2020). BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:119. [PMID: 37563636 PMCID: PMC10413701 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open fractures occur commonly in small animals and are characterised by contamination of the fracture site. While never quantified, it is believed that open fractures stabilised with internal implants are at a higher risk for requiring explantation. This retrospective study determines the frequency and risk factors for explantation following use of internal fixation. Medical records of client-owned dogs and cats with an open fracture, between 2010 and 2020 stabilised using internal implants, were included. Data retrieved included signalment, cause and characterisation of the fracture, comorbidities, preexisting infections, and all details related to anesthesia and surgery. Pre-, Peri- and post-operative antibiotic use were detailed. All cases were followed to clinical union. Postoperative complications, including requirement for implant removal were recorded and classified as major or minor. Associations between potential risk factors and need for explantation were assessed. RESULTS Of 80 cases, 72 (90%) were dogs and eight (10%) cats. Major complications were encountered in 23 (28.75%) cases and minor complications in 16 (20%) cases. Explantation was performed in 17 cases (21.25%). Out of 72 dogs, 13 required explantation (18%) whereas four of the eight cats needed implants removed (50%). Only diagnosis of postoperative infection was associated with an increased risk of explantation (RR 2.77; 95% CI 1.25; 6.15; p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Approximately 1 in 5 open fractures stabilised using internal fixation can be anticipated to require explantation, with cats potentially being at a higher risk than dogs. Cases diagnosed with postoperative infection are at a higher risk for requiring implant removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brea M Sandness
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1314, USA
| | - Karen L Perry
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1314, USA.
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mazzoldi C, Aspidi F, Romito G. Dermatologic adverse effect of subcutaneous furosemide administration in a cat. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1027-1031. [PMID: 37701668 PMCID: PMC10495090 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i8.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Furosemide is a mainstay of treatment in congestive heart failure (CHF) and is widely prescribed to dogs and cats by several formulations, including the subcutaneous one. In canine and human medicine, dermatologic adverse effects of subcutaneous furosemide (SF) have been documented; conversely, no prior case has been published describing skin reactions to this therapeutic protocol in cats. In this report, we describe, for the first time in feline medicine, a suspected dermatologic adverse effect after SF in a cat. Case Description A 2-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for CHF associated with lung edema and pleural effusion. Echocardiography revealed asymmetric left ventricular myocardial thickening and severe left atrial dilation. The cat was hospitalized and initially treated with oxygen, intravenous furosemide, and clopidogrel. After discharge, the route of administration of furosemide was switched from intravenous to oral. Within the following 2 weeks, the cat experienced two relapses of lung edema despite the progressive increase of the furosemide dose, the addition of spironolactone and adherence to the therapeutic protocol by the owners. The dose of furosemide was further increased and its route of administration at home was switched from oral to parental. As the owner was not able to administrate intramuscular injections, SF was prescribed. This allowed the prevention of further episodes of lung edema. However, although the cat had never presented skin problems before, multiple well-defined circular, crusted ulcerative cutaneous lesions associated with alopecia developed at the sites of furosemide injections 2 weeks later. After ruling out several differential diagnoses for these lesions, a rare side effect of furosemide, not yet described in cats but already known in canine and human medicine, was strongly suspected as the possible cause. Therefore, the ongoing injectable formulation of furosemide was interrupted and substituted with an alternative brand, maintaining the same dose and route of administration. Thanks to this change, the dermal ulcerations disappeared within 1 month. Subsequently, the cat experienced neither further skin problems nor a recurrence of lung edema. Conclusion Although SF is sometimes prescribed in small animal practice, it should be noticed that this may lead to dermatologic adverse reactions in the cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazzoldi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Aspidi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schuh L, Kietzmann M, Grote-Koska D, Brand K, Mischke R. Pharmacokinetics of a single orally administered therapeutic dosage of cyclosporine A in healthy cats. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:77-79. [PMID: 37327691 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine a pharmacokinetic profile for a single dosage of cyclosporine A (CsA) clinically used for immunosuppression in cats. Blood-CsA-concentrations were measured before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after oral administration of 7 mg/kg body weight (BW) CsA (Atopica® oral solution) to 8 healthy adult cats using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonLin software based on a 1-compartment-model. The median maximum plasma-concentration of 1466 ng/ml (530-2235 ng/ml; minimum-maximum) was reached after 2.0 h (1.0-4.7 h). The area under the curve was 12,568 h x ng/ml (5732-20,820 h x ng/ml) and the apparent total clearance of the drug from plasma was 557 ml/h/kg (336-1221 ml/h/kg). Half-life of absorption into the central compartment was 0.6 h (0.4-2.6 h), half-life of elimination from the central compartment was 4.6 h (1.4-7.5 h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schuh
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Denis Grote-Koska
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Mischke
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yoshida S, Maeda S, Yonezawa T, Motegi T. Evaluation of antiseizure medications including zonisamide in feline idiopathic epilepsy at a referral hospital in Japan. Open Vet J 2023; 13:846-853. [PMID: 37614732 PMCID: PMC10443824 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic epilepsy in cats is a more common disease than previously thought, but little information is available about the medical treatment of feline idiopathic epilepsy. Aim To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of antiseizure medication (ASM) for a minimum of 6 months, including zonisamide (ZNS), in feline idiopathic epilepsy at a referral hospital in Japan. Methods Twenty cats diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy treated with ASMs were retrospectively included. Results Nine cats that were finally treated with phenobarbital (PB) monotherapy reached the primary goal (the seizure frequency after the treatment intervention was less than one seizure every 3 months). Three cats were treated with ZNS monotherapy and two reached the primary goal. Eight cats finally received combination therapy. Two of the three cats receiving PB and ZNS therapy achieved the primary goal, but one was considered no responder. Five cats [PB + diazepam (DZP), ZNS + DZP, and ZNS + levetiracetam + DZP] decreased the seizure frequency and reached the primary goal in all but one cat reached the secondary goal. Adverse events were observed in eight patients, but these were curable. Two patients had vomiting after ZNS monotherapy, one had diarrhea, and another was an increase in sleeping hours. Conclusion PB was frequently used and seemed effective as both monotherapy and combination therapy. Some cats were treated with ASM protocols containing ZNS. ZNS may be available to treat idiopathic epilepsy in cats. However, ZNS administration may cause adverse events, such as gastrointestinal toxicity, in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Yoshida
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stack JP, Fries RC, Kruckman L, Kadotani S, Wallace G. Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 48:54-62. [PMID: 37480722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a circulating biomarker of fibrosis. In humans, increased Gal-3 is predictive of myocardial fibrosis and adverse cardiac events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for Gal-3 as a cardiac biomarker in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty cats were enrolled (25 healthy cats with normal hearts, 35 with HCM American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage B, and 21 with HCM ACVIM stage C). Each cat received a full echocardiogram, health panel, and total thyroxin level. Galectin-3 levels were measured for each enrolled patient. Troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were obtained for the majority of cats. Additionally, 17 ACVIM stage B cats underwent cardiac-gated magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to assess myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), a noninvasive measure of myocardial fibrosis. RESULTS Galectin-3 levels are increased in cats with HCM ACVIM stage B and C compared to healthy cats; however, no significant differences were detected between ACVIM stage B and ACVIM stage C cats. In HCM-affected cats, Galectin-3 showed statistically significant correlations with left atrial dimensions, left atrial:aorta ratio, and CMR-derived ECV. Quantitative NT-proBNP showed excellent discrimination between all groups and troponin I was able to discriminate between ACVIM stage C and normal cats, but not between other groups. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Gal-3 levels are increased in cats with HCM and is positively correlated with left atrial dimensions and ECV in affected cats. Further studies evaluating the relationship between Gal-3, myocardial fibrosis, and clinical outcomes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Stack
- VCA Loomis Basin Veterinary Clinic, Loomis, CA, USA
| | - R C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - L Kruckman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - S Kadotani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - G Wallace
- Pacific Northwest Pet ER and Specialty Center, Vancouver, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Himebaugh NE, Robertson JB, Weninger K, Gilger BC, Ekesten B, Oh A. Ex Vivo analysis of ultraviolet radiation transmission through ocular media and retina in select species. Exp Eye Res 2023:109550. [PMID: 37356536 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the transmission of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation (200-400 nm) through intact enucleated globes of different species (dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, horses, and humans) using spectrophotometry. Globes of cats (n = 6), dogs (n = 18), pigs (n = 10), rabbits (n = 6), horses (n = 10), and humans (n = 4) were analyzed. A 5-10 mm circular area of sclera and choroid from the posterior aspect of the globe was removed under a surgical microscope, leaving the retina intact in all species except the horse. Glass coverslips were added in horses and rabbits due to retinal and globe fragility. The %T of wavelengths from 200 to 800 nm were measured through the ocular media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor) and retina, and compared between species. The globes of cats and dogs allowed the most amount of UV radiation transmission, while those of pigs and humans allowed the least amount of UV radiation transmission. A small amount of UV radiation transmission through the ocular media was detected in the rabbit and horse. Results from this study will support further vision research that may be used to train companion, working, and service animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Himebaugh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - James B Robertson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA; Office of Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Keith Weninger
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, 2401 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Brian C Gilger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Bjorn Ekesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Annie Oh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
García-Rodríguez SN, Costa-Rodríguez N, Matos JI, Falcón-Cordón Y, Morchón R, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA. Feline heartworm disease and environmental allergens hypersensitivity: is there a link? Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:192. [PMID: 37291670 PMCID: PMC10251655 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cats can be infected by Dirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of heartworm disease, characterized by respiratory signs, airway hyperreactivity, remodelling and inflammation. Allergy is a multifactorial pathology, and the role of a number of helminth parasites in the development of allergies in humans and other species has been demonstrated in many studies. The aim of the present study was to verify whether cats seropositive for D. immitis present hypersensitivity to some environmental allergens. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 120 cats and tested for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against D. immitis and for hypersensitivity to 20 allergens, using commercial allergen test kits. RESULTS Of the 120 cats tested, 72 (60.0%) were seropositive for anti-D. immitis IgG and 55 (45.8%) showed clinical signs of heartworm disease of a respiratory nature. The results of testing with the allergen kits showed that 50.8% of cats were seropositive for ≥ 1 allergens, with the most common allergens being Dermatophagoides farinae (25.8%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (20.0%), Malassezia (17.5%) and Ctenocephalides felis (14.2%). The prevalence of allergies was significantly higher-by almost threefold-in cats seropositive for D. immitis (68.1% vs. 25%). There were no significant differences between the prevalence of allergic cats and presence/absence of symptoms, and the results confirmed that symptoms were not a decisive factor for the presence of allergies. The risk for developing allergies was 6.3-fold higher in cats seropositive for D. immitis than in cats that were seronegative, confirming that seropositivity for D. immitis is a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS Cats with confirmed heartworm can develop serious respiratory signs, potentially leading to progression to permanent lung injury and predisposing cats to hyperresponsive airway disease. Previous studies have shown that seropositivity for D. immitis and Wolbachia is related to the presence of bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm in the affected cat. The results support the suspicion that contact with D. immitis may be a risk factor for the presence of allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara N García-Rodríguez
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Noelia Costa-Rodríguez
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge I Matos
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yaiza Falcón-Cordón
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Group, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Carretón
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - José A Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Agnew D. Pathology of Perinatal Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00070-0. [PMID: 37221102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal deaths including abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths are an important economic and emotional challenge for companion animal owners, breeders, and veterinarians. A protocol for the investigation of perinatal deaths in dogs and cats is described, including examination of the placenta. Specific lesions of common infectious diseases leading to perinatal death are presented, as well as the more prevalent noninfectious causes. These include viruses, bacteria, protozoa, metabolic causes, "accidents of pregnancy," nutritional deficiencies, intoxications, hormonal causes, and heritable and nonheritable congenital defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalen Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 784 Wilson Road D208 VMC, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biezus G, Grima de Cristo T, da Silva Casa M, Lovatel M, Vavassori M, Brüggemann de Souza Teixeira M, Miletti LC, Maciel da Costa U, Assis Casagrande R. Progressive and regressive infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats in southern Brazil: Prevalence, risk factors associated, clinical and hematologic alterations. Prev Vet Med 2023; 216:105945. [PMID: 37209619 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for viral antigen is commonly used for the diagnosis of progressive feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection but is not able to determine the true prevalence of infection when used as the sole test. Additional testing to detect proviral DNA will identify regressive (antigen negative) FeLV infections as well as progressive infections. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of progressive and regressive FeLV infection, outcome-associated factors, and hematologic changes. A cross-sectional study was performed on 384 cats selected from routine hospital care. Blood samples were subjected to complete blood count, ELISA for FeLV antigen and FIV antibody, and nested PCR amplifying the U3- LTR region and gag gene, which are conserved in most exogenous FeLV. The prevalence of FeLV infection was 45.6% (CI95% 40.6-50.6%). The prevalence of progressive infection (FeLV+P) was 34.4% (CI95% 29.6-39.1%), that of regressive infection (FeLV+R) was 10.4% (CI95% 7.4-13.4%), for discordant but positive results 0.8% (CI95% 0.75-0.84%), for FeLV+P coinfected with FIV 2.6% (CI95% 1.2-4.0%), and FeLV+R coinfected with FIV 1.5% (CI95% 0.3-2.7%). Male cats were three times more likely to be in the FeLV+P group. Cats coinfected with FIV were 4.8 times more likely to belong to the FeLV+R group. In the FeLV+P group, the main clinical changes were lymphoma (38.5%), anemia (24.4%), leukemia (17.9%), concomitant infections (15.4%), and feline chronic gingivostomatitis - FCGS (3.8%). In the FeLV+R group, the main clinical signs were anemia (45.4%), leukemia (18.2%), concomitant infections (18.2%), lymphoma (9.1%), and FCGS (9.1%). Cats in the FeLV+P and FeLV+R groups showed mainly thrombocytopenia (56.6% and 38.2%), non-regenerative anemia (32.8% and 23.5%), and lymphopenia (33.6% and 20.6%). Hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), platelet count, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in the FeLV+P and FeLV+R groups had lower medians than the control group (FeLV/FIV-uninfected, healthy). Erythrocyte and eosinophil counts were statistically different among the three groups, with the medians of the FeLV+P and FeLV+R groups being lower than those of the control group. In addition, the median PCV and band neutrophil counts were higher in FeLV+P than in FeLV+R. Our results show a high prevalence of FeLV, different factors associated with the course of infection, and more frequent and severe hematologic changes in progressive infections compared with regressive infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Biezus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thierry Grima de Cristo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Casa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Lovatel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mayara Vavassori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Maciel da Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata Assis Casagrande
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões 2090, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Barron LZ, DeFrancesco TC, Chou YY, Bonagura JD, Tropf MA, Murphy SD, McManamey AK, Yuan L, Mochel JP, Ward JL. Echocardiographic caudal vena cava measurements in healthy cats and in cats with congestive heart failure and non-cardiac causes of cavitary effusions. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 48:7-18. [PMID: 37276765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echocardiographic indices of the inferior vena cava have been associated with elevated right atrial pressures in humans. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Describe caudal vena caval (CVC) sonographic dimensions in healthy cats compared to cats with cardiogenic cavitary effusion (CCE), cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE), or non-cardiac causes of cavitary effusion (NCE). ANIMALS 30 healthy control cats and 52 client-owned cats with CCE, CPE, or NCE examined at two university hospitals. METHODS Sagittal 2-dimensional (2D) and M-mode CVC dimensions were acquired from the subxiphoid view. Caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVC-CI) was calculated. Variables were compared between study groups using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Bonferroni testing. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic categories. RESULTS Healthy cats had sagittal 2D and M-mode (median, interquartile range) CVC maximal dimensions of 2.4 mm (1.3-4.0) and 3.4 mm (1.5-4.9) and CVC-CI of 52% (45.2-61.8) and 55% (47.8-61.3), respectively. The CVC maximal dimensions in healthy controls were smaller than in cats with cavitary effusions or pulmonary edema (all P<0.05). CVC-CI was different between CCE and NCE (P<0.0001) with cutoffs of CVC-CI ≤38% (2D) or ≤29% (M-mode) being 90.5% and 85.7% sensitive, and 94.4% and 100% specific for diagnosis of CCE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Caudal vena cava measurements are larger in cats with cavitary effusions and cats with CPE than healthy cats. In cats with cavitary effusion, decreased CVC-CI, ≤38% (2D) or ≤29% (M-mode), was helpful in distinguishing between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Z Barron
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin SG5 3HR, United Kingdom
| | - T C DeFrancesco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Y-Y Chou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - J D Bonagura
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - M A Tropf
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S D Murphy
- Mission Veterinary Emergency & Specialty, 5914 Johnson Dr, Mission, KS 66202, USA
| | - A K McManamey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - J P Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - J L Ward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ferrari E, de P Secchin CR, Santana AE. First report of oral cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a cat. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00990-8. [PMID: 37126185 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a worldwide-distributed fungal disease affecting humans and animals and is considered the most common systemic mycosis in cats. Classically, the clinical presentation of cryptococcal infection in cats consists of solitary or multiple nodules located on the planum nasale or the bridge of the nose. Bone involvement as cryptococcal osteomyelitis is a rare clinical entity of cryptococcosis. Herein, this case report describes a domestic shorthair cat with osteomyelitis of the mandibular bone resulting from Cryptococcus spp. infection. During the physical examination, a subcutaneous mass measuring approximately 6 cm in diameter was identified at the mandibular region. Cytological evaluation revealed numerous encapsulated yeasts resembling Cryptococcus spp. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal to coalescent subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with a large number of spherical yeasts surrounded by a clear capsule. These yeasts were positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The cat was successfully treated with a combination of itraconazole therapy and surgical management. To the author's knowledge, this is the first clinical report of oral cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferrari
- Clínica Veterinária Flapatas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Dermatology at FATECPR Equalis Polo Sul, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Aline E Santana
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sidler M, Santarelli G, Kovacevic A, Novo Matos J, Schreiber N, Baron Toaldo M. Ventricular pre-excitation in cats: 17 cases. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 47:70-82. [PMID: 37267820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrioventricular accessory pathways are abnormal electrical connections between the atria and ventricles that predispose to ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) and tachycardias. ANIMALS Seventeen cats with VPE and 15 healthy matched-control cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Multicenter case-control retrospective study. Clinical records were searched for cats with VPE, defined as preserved atrioventricular synchrony, reduced PQ interval, and increased QRS complex duration with a delta wave. Clinical, electrocardiography, echocardiographic, and outcome data were collated. RESULTS Most cats with VPE were male (16/17 cats), non-pedigree cats (11/17 cats). Median age and mean body weight were 5.4 years (0.3-11.9 years) and 4.6 ± 0.8 kg, respectively. Clinical signs at presentation included lethargy (10/17 cats), tachypnea (6/17 cats), and/or syncope (3/17 cats). In two cats, VPE was an incidental finding. Congestive heart failure was uncommon (3/17 cats). Nine (9/17) cats had tachyarrhythmias: 7/9 cats had narrow QRS complex tachycardia and 2/9 cats had wide QRS complex tachycardia. Four cats had ventricular arrhythmias. Cats with VPE had larger left (P < 0.001) and right (P < 0.001) atria and thicker interventricular septum (P = 0.019) and left ventricular free wall (P = 0.028) than controls. Three cats had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included different combinations of sotalol (5/17 cats), diltiazem (5/17 cats), atenolol (4/17 cats), furosemide (4/17 cats), and platelet inhibitors (4/17 cats). Five cats died, all from cardiac death (median survival time 1882 days [2-1882 days]). CONCLUSIONS Cats with VPE had a relatively long survival, albeit showing larger atria and thicker left ventricular walls than healthy cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sidler
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Kovacevic
- Division of Small Animal Cardiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Novo Matos
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - N Schreiber
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bashawat M, Braun B, Müller K, Hermann B. Molecular phenotyping of domestic cat ( Felis catus) testicular cells across postnatal development - A model for wild felids. Theriogenology Wild 2023; 2:100031. [PMID: 37461433 PMCID: PMC10350788 DOI: 10.1016/j.therwi.2023.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterisation of testicular cells is a pivotal step towards a profound understanding of spermatogenesis and developing assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) based on germline preservation. To enable the identification of testicular somatic and spermatogenic cell types in felids, we investigated the expression of five molecular markers at the protein level in testes from domestic cats (Felis catus) at different developmental phases (prepubertal, pubertal I and II, postpubertal I and II) classified by single-cell ploidy analysis. Our findings indicate a prominent co-labelling for two spermatogonial markers, UCHL1 and FOXO1, throughout postnatal testis development. Smaller subsets of UCHL1 or FOXO1 single-positive spermatogonia were also evident, with the FOXO1 single-positive spermatogonia predominantly observed in prepubertal testes. As expected, DDX4+ germ cells increased in numbers beginning in puberty, reaching a maximum at adulthood (post-pubertal phase), corresponding to the sequential appearance of labelled spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Furthermore, we identified SOX9+ Sertoli cells and CYP17A1+ Leydig cells in all of the developmental groups. Importantly, testes of African lion (Panthera leo), Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonesis) and Sudan cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii) exhibited conserved labelling for UCHL1, FOXO1, DDX4, SOX9 and CYP17A1. The present study provides fundamental information about the identity of spermatogenic and somatic testicular cell types across felid development that will be useful for developing ART approaches to support endangered felid conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bashawat
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - B.C. Braun
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Müller
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - B.P. Hermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| |
Collapse
|