1
|
Kang J, Cheon J, Yoon H, Kim N, Heo S. Adrenalectomy for the treatment of hypotension in a cat with phaeochromocytoma associated with caudal vena cava syndrome. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:352-356. [PMID: 38169034 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed female, Persian cat was referred to the Jeonbuk Animal Medical Center for evaluation of a 2-month history of lethargy and anorexia. Physical examination revealed tachycardia and hypotension. Abdominal imaging via sonography and CT identified a right adrenal gland mass causing severe deviation and compression of the caudal vena cava. After stabilising the blood pressure and heart rate through positive inotropes and fluid therapy, right adrenalectomy was performed. Surgery confirmed the adrenal gland mass was severely compressing the caudal vena cava. Histopathological examination revealed that the mass was a pheochromocytoma. After adrenalectomy, blood pressure and heart rate stabilised and remained unaffected 8 months postsurgery. This report describes a rare case of an adrenal pheochromocytoma leading to caudal vena cava compression in a cat presenting with hypotension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - J Cheon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - H Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - N Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - S Heo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Séguin B, Liptak JM. Updates in Surgical Oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:577-589. [PMID: 38238221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
New knowledge and data can influence the treatment options of dogs and cats affected by neoplasms. Partial limb amputation with the use of a prosthesis is possible in dogs. Newer studies attempt to define better and understand the complications and limb function associated with this approach. Limb sparing is an alternative to amputation, and three-dimensional printing allows the manufacturing of personalized endoprostheses. Finally, the recommended approach for the excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) is with proportional margins. In dogs, grade shifting might have occurred when removing a recurrent MCT or soft tissue sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, 760 Roderick Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8X 2R3, Canada.
| | - Julius M Liptak
- Capital City Specialty & Emergency Animal Hospital, 747 Silver Seven Road, Kanata, Ontario K2V 0A2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maggiar A, Andréjak-Bénit J, Miclard J, Sarran D, Billet JP. Intestinal full-thickness needle-core biopsy via laparotomy is safe, rapid, and effective and less invasive than standard incisional biopsy in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-7. [PMID: 38064898 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.09.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the intestinal full-thickness needle-core biopsy technique via abdominal laparotomy outcomes and compare the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis with standard incisional intestinal biopsy technique in dogs and cats. ANIMALS 3 dogs and 17 cats. METHODS Client-owned dogs and cats were prospectively enrolled if intestinal full-thickness biopsies were indicated for the diagnosis of diffuse chronic intestinal diseases following ultrasonography. The study period extended from June 2021 to December 2022. All animals underwent intestinal biopsies with both techniques (needle-core biopsy and standard incisional biopsy) via abdominal laparotomy. Data collected included clinical signs, biopsy collection times, complications, and histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. A minimum follow-up of 14 days was required. RESULTS The main clinical sign at presentation was chronic vomiting (65%). Mean needle-core biopsy collection time (262 seconds) was significantly shorter than standard incisional biopsy collection time (599 seconds; P < .000001). The incidence of minor complications was 10% (inflammation of the skin surgical site secondary to licking). One catastrophic complication occurred on a standard incisional biopsy site in 1 cat in a context of bile peritonitis (5% of all cases). There were no complications associated with the needle-core biopsy. All but 1 cat were discharged, with a median of 2 days (range, 1 to 4 days) after surgery. The diagnoses resulting from both techniques were 100% concordant for the distinction between inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal lymphoma via histopathology and immunochemistry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Needle-core biopsy is safe, rapid, and effective and is less invasive than standard incisional biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Maggiar
- 1Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Atlantia, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fairfield DK, Singh A, Hawker W, Richardson D, Mayhew P, Balsa I, Culp WTN, Cinti F, Buote NJ, Massari F, Griffin MA, Gibson E, Runge JJ, Chanoit G. Minimally invasive splenectomy is associated with a low perioperative complication rate and short operative time in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-7. [PMID: 38324998 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.11.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the perioperative outcome and complications in cats undergoing minimally invasive splenectomy. ANIMALS 17 client-owned cats. METHODS Perioperative data were collected from cats undergoing minimally invasive splenectomy from September 2010 to June 2023. Data included history, signalment, preoperative examination and diagnostic testing results, operative technique and time, perioperative outcomes, complications, hospitalization duration, histopathological diagnosis, and outcome. RESULTS 13 spayed females and 4 neutered males were included, with a median age of 144 months (48 to 196 months). Seven cats underwent total laparoscopic splenectomy (TLS), with 1 cat requiring conversion from TLS to laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy (LAS) due to splenomegaly and an additional cat requiring conversion from TLS to open splenectomy due to uncontrollable splenic capsular hemorrhage. Ten cats underwent LAS, with 1 cat requiring conversion to open splenectomy due to splenomegaly. Additional procedures were performed in 13 cats, with the most common being liver biopsy in 10 cats. Median operative times were 50 minutes (45 to 90 minutes) for TLS and 35 minutes (25 to 80 minutes) for LAS. An intraoperative complication occurred in 1 cat. All but 1 cat survived to discharge. Median follow-up time was 234 days (18 to 1,761 days), with 15 of 16 cats confirmed alive at 30 days and 9 of 16 cats alive at 180 days postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minimally invasive splenectomy in this cohort of cats was associated with short operative times and a low perioperative complication rate. Veterinary surgeons may consider minimally invasive splenectomy as an efficient and feasible technique in the treatment of splenomegaly or modestly sized splenic masses for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle K Fairfield
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ameet Singh
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - William Hawker
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Richardson
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Philipp Mayhew
- 2Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Ingrid Balsa
- 2Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - William T N Culp
- 2Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | | | | | - Maureen A Griffin
- 6School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin Gibson
- 6School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey J Runge
- 6School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Guillaume Chanoit
- 7VetAgro Sup-Veterinary Campus, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martell-Moran NK. Surgical excision of P3 fragments in 86 declawed cats: case series (2013-2023). J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241240331. [PMID: 38660961 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241240331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY This case series describes the clinical findings and surgical intervention of 86 declawed cats; 52 from a shelter or rescue and 34 owned cats. Historical reports from owners and shelter staff included house-soiling, biting behavior, repelling behavior, barbering, lameness, chronic digit infection and nail regrowth. All the cats had fragments of the third phalanx (P3) of varying sizes diagnosed on radiographs. Pathology visible on examination included digital subcutaneous swelling, ecchymosis, malaligned digital pads, ulcerations, exudate, tendon contracture, nail regrowth and callusing. Surgery was pursued in these cases to remove the P3 fragments, relieve tendon contracture and reposition the digital pads with an anchoring suture. Gross findings intraoperatively included fragmented growth of cornified and non-cornified nail tissue, osteophytes on the surface of the second phalanx, deep digital flexor tendon calcification, and both bacterial and sterile exudate. The most common complication 14 days postoperatively was mild (14%) to moderate (1%) lameness. All historical parameters recorded improved in both populations of cats (house-soiling, biting behavior, repelling behavior, barbering, lameness, tendon contracture and chronic digit infection). Postoperatively, 1/47 cats exhibited continued malalignment of two digital pads and there were no reports of long-term postoperative lameness. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Two methods of declawing cats are detailed in the veterinary literature, including partial amputation of P3 and disarticulation of the entire P3 bone. The novel information in this report includes historical and clinical signs of declawed cats with P3 fragments, intraoperative gross pathology, surgical intervention and the postoperative follow-up results.
Collapse
|
6
|
Biancaniello CM, Rolph KE, Cavanaugh SM, Karnik P, Peda A, Cavanaugh RP. Readability of postoperative discharge instructions is associated with complication rate in companion animals undergoing sterilisation. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3796. [PMID: 38321362 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Readability of client communications is a commonly overlooked topic in veterinary medical education. In human medicine, it has been advised that the readability of patient materials should be at USA schooling sixth-grade level or below. We hypothesised that student written discharge instructions would be of an inappropriate readability level, and discharges scored with higher reading grade levels would be associated with more complications. METHODS The cohort comprised 149 dogs and cats presenting for sterilisation. The readability of discharge instructions was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) formulas. Records were examined for evidence of postoperative complications. RESULTS The mean FRE score of the discharge instructions was 61.97, with 30.87% being classified as 'difficult' or 'fairly difficult', 60.4% as 'standard' and 8.72% as 'fairly easy'. The mean FKGL was 8.64, with 98% being above reading level 6. Overall, there was an association between FKGL and complication occurrence (p = 0.005). Stratification by species demonstrated FRE and FKGL to be associated with complication occurrence in dogs (FRE score, p = 0.038; FKGL, p = 0.002), but not cats (FRE score, p = 0.964; FKGL, p = 0.679). LIMITATIONS Due to the retrospective nature of the study, there were difficulties associated with extracting relevant complication information from the medical records. CONCLUSION Only 2% of owner-directed discharge instructions were written at readability levels aligning with the recommendations set forth in the human guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Biancaniello
- Center for Research and Innovation in Veterinary and Medical Education, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Kerry E Rolph
- Center for Research and Innovation in Veterinary and Medical Education, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sarah M Cavanaugh
- Center for Research and Innovation in Veterinary and Medical Education, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Priti Karnik
- Center for Research and Innovation in Veterinary and Medical Education, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Andrea Peda
- Center for Research and Innovation in Veterinary and Medical Education, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Ryan P Cavanaugh
- Center for Research and Innovation in Veterinary and Medical Education, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ko MJ, Song KM, Yoon HY. Clinical evaluation and surgical intervention for diaphragmatic eventration mimicking peritoneopericardial hernia in a cat. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e19. [PMID: 38568821 PMCID: PMC10990918 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old spayed female British Shorthair cat presented with an increased frequency and duration of cough since infant period. Based on radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomography findings, peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was considered so that repair surgery was planned. During celiotomy, lax diaphragm was identified instead of defect. Transabdominal diaphragmatic plication was performed to resolve lax diaphragm and to prevent recurrence by overlapping relatively normal part of diaphragm. Diagnosed with diaphragmatic eventration postoperatively, the cat showed improvement in clinical signs and imaging results. Transabdominal diaphragmatic plication is a suitable treatment; the patient maintained normally during a 14-month follow-up period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Ko
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | | | - Hun-Young Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamilton MFA, Hiscox LA. Clinical Characterisation of Caudal Traumatic Malocclusions and Treatment Outcomes in Cats (2018-2022). J Vet Dent 2024; 41:114-121. [PMID: 37312535 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231181055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Caudal malocclusions in cats may result in a variety of traumatic lesions affecting the soft tissues of the ipsilateral mandible such as fovea, gingival cleft, and proliferative lesions. Fifty-one cats diagnosed with a traumatic caudal malocclusion were compared with a control hospital population and evaluated for prevalence with respect to breed and sex. Twenty-two cats that were treated had radiographic, clinical findings, and the outcome of treatment (extraction or odontoplasty) recorded. Maine Coon, Persian, and male neutered cats were overrepresented while Domestic Shorthairs were underrepresented within the study population. Radiographically, 50% of the fovea lesions had an area of decreased bone density in the region of the lesion and none of these had evidence of periodontal disease. All gingival cleft lesions had radiographic changes consistent with periodontal disease. 15.4% of proliferative lesions presented with radiographic changes, with only half of those presenting with both radiographic and clinical evidence of periodontal disease. Eleven cats were treated by odontoplasty and eleven by extraction. One cat treated by odontoplasty developed new lesions caudally, and another had persistence of the initial lesions. Two cats in the extraction group developed new lesions rostral to the extracted teeth. In most instances, odontoplasty or extraction resulted in successful soft tissue lesion resolution. In rare cases, additional treatment was necessary due to either persistence or development of new lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin F A Hamilton
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Ottawa Animal Emergency and Specialty Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lorraine A Hiscox
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Ottawa Animal Emergency and Specialty Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Porsmoguer C, Blondel M, Moissonnier PHM. Surgical treatment of feline intracranial meningiomas: a retrospective study of 26 cases. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e25. [PMID: 38568826 PMCID: PMC10990911 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for feline intracranial meningioma. OBJECTIVES To report clinical findings, complications, and outcomes following surgery for feline intracranial meningioma. METHODS Medical records (01/2000-01/2017) of cats that underwent surgical excision of an intracranial meningioma at our institution were reviewed. Patient data included signalment, clinical signs, surgical technique, complications, histopathologic diagnosis, survival time, and owners' answers to a satisfaction questionnaire. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Twenty-six cats were included in this study. The exact cause of death was known in 17 cases and was not related to meningioma in 9/17 cases. Overall median survival time was 881 days (95% confidence interval 518; 1248). The age of the cat did not influence survival (p = 0.94) or the occurrence of complications (p = 0.051). Complications occurred in 13/24 cats, including dramatic complications in 4/24 cats. Most complications appeared in the first 24 hours post-surgery (12/13). Males had more postoperative complications (p = 0.042), including more seizures (p = 0.016). Cats with cranioplasty had fewer complications (p = 0.021). Clinical recurrence was confirmed in 3 out of 17 cats. Recurrence-free survival time was 826 days. Most owners (12/14) were satisfied with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment of intracranial meningioma in cats was associated with a long median survival time but also with a high rate of minor and major postoperative complications, including early postoperative seizures. Cranioplasty may reduce complications. Age at the time of surgery had no effect on outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Porsmoguer
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgroSup Veterinary Campus, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP 2016 A104, Unité ICE, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Margaux Blondel
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgroSup Veterinary Campus, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP 2016 A104, Unité ICE, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Pierre H M Moissonnier
- Small Animal Surgery Department, VetAgroSup Veterinary Campus, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP 2016 A104, Unité ICE, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Vreught L, Fontenay R, Berthelot PH, Josens A, Coutant T, Méheust P. Stabilisation of femoral capital physeal fractures using transcervical pinning in cats: 19 cases (2014-2022). J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:189-197. [PMID: 38148605 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes in cats with femoral capital physeal fractures stabilised with transcervical pinning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of cats diagnosed with femoral capital physeal fractures and treated with transcervical pinning were reviewed. The collected data included signalment, weight, time from lameness to surgery, reported trauma, affected side, concomitant orthopaedic injuries, radiographs, osteoarthritis, femoral neck osteolysis, proximal femoral epiphysis to femoral neck ratio, fracture reduction, implants, complications and clinical evaluation results. An owner questionnaire was used for long-term follow-up. RESULTS Nineteen cats with a total of 21 fractures met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen of the 19 cats showed no signs of lameness at the 1-month follow-up. Major and catastrophic complications occurred in 9.5% and 23.8% of the fractures, respectively. All catastrophic complications occurred in fractures with a high preoperative osteolysis grade (2 or 3). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In our study, transcervical pinning was found to be a reliable fixation method for the treatment of femoral capital physeal fractures in cats with minimal preoperative femoral neck osteolysis. High rates of implant failure with loss of fracture reduction were observed in cats with high-grade preoperative osteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L De Vreught
- Clinique Vétocéane, 9 Allée Alphonse Fillion, 44 120, Nantes, France
| | - R Fontenay
- Clinique Vétocéane, 9 Allée Alphonse Fillion, 44 120, Nantes, France
| | - P H Berthelot
- Clinique Vétocéane, 9 Allée Alphonse Fillion, 44 120, Nantes, France
| | - A Josens
- Clinique Vétocéane, 9 Allée Alphonse Fillion, 44 120, Nantes, France
| | - T Coutant
- Service NAC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire des Animaux de compagnie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Méheust
- Clinique Vétocéane, 9 Allée Alphonse Fillion, 44 120, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shaw T. Gallbladder carcinoid in a cat. Can Vet J 2024; 65:241-244. [PMID: 38434157 PMCID: PMC10880389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Carcinoids are rare tumors that originate from neuroendocrine system cells. There has apparently only been 1 report in the veterinary medical literature of a cat with a gallbladder carcinoid, with no long-term follow-up information available from that case. Furthermore, apparently only 9 dogs with gallbladder carcinoids have been reported, again with no long-term follow-up. This case report describes the clinical presentation, surgical appearance, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment, and long-term outcome of a domestic longhair cat with a gallbladder carcinoid. The diagnosis of a gallbladder carcinoid in the present case was based on histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Clinical signs of a gallbladder carcinoid are nonspecific and ultrasonographic findings may not be definitive; however, it should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in cats with lesions of the gallbladder or in the region of the gallbladder. The prognosis is poor, with a potentially high metastatic rate. In the present case, metastasis occurred 7 mo postoperatively despite adjuvant therapy, and the survival time was only 10 mo from the time of diagnosis. Key clinical message: This case report describes the clinical presentation, surgical appearance, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings, postoperative adjuvant treatment, and long-term outcome of a cat with a gallbladder carcinoid, which should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in cats with lesions of the gallbladder or in the region of the gallbladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Shaw
- Surgery Department, Animal Referral Hospital Melbourne, 72 Hargrave Avenue, Essendon Fields, VIC 3041, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pisack EK, Kleine SA, Hampton CE, Smith CK, Weisent J, DeBolt R, Schumacher C, Bussières G, Seddighi R. Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of grapiprant compared with robenacoxib in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority clinical trial. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241230941. [PMID: 38511293 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241230941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of grapiprant with those of robenacoxib in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH). METHODS In total, 37 female cats (age range 4 months-10 years, weighing ⩾2.5 kg) were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority (NI) clinical trial. Cats received oral robenacoxib (1 mg/kg) or grapiprant (2 mg/kg) 2 h before OVH. Analgesia was assessed via the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS), the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale-Feline (CMPS-F), von Frey monofilaments (vFFs) and pressure algometry (ALG) 2 h before treatment administration, at extubation, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 18 and 24 hours after extubation. Hydromorphone (<8 h postoperatively) or buprenorphine (>18 h postoperatively) were administered to cats with scores of ⩾5/20 on CMPS-F and/or ⩾4/10 on FGS. NI margins for CMPS-F and vFFs were set at 3 and -0.2, respectively. A mixed-effect ANOVA was used for FGS scores (P <0.05). Data are reported as mean ± SEM. RESULTS The data from 33 cats were analyzed. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.35) was less than the NI margin of 3 for CMPS-F, and the lower limit of the 95% CI (0.055) was greater than the NI margin of -0.2 for vFFs, indicating NI of grapiprant. The FGS scores were greater than baseline at extubation for both treatments (1.65 ± 0.63; P = 0.001); however, there was no difference between treatments. There was no difference between treatments, nor treatment by time interaction, for vFFs (P <0.001). The CMPS-F scores for both treatments were higher at extubation but returned to baseline after 4 h (P <0.001). For ALG, there was no difference in treatment or treatment by time interaction. The robenacoxib group had lower pressure readings at extubation and 6 h compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results indicate that grapiprant was non-inferior to robenacoxib for mitigating postsurgical pain in cats after OVH performed via ventral celiotomy. The impact of grapiprant for analgesia in OVH via the flank is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Pisack
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kleine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chiara E Hampton
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher K Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Weisent
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca DeBolt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Cambrie Schumacher
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Genevieve Bussières
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Reza Seddighi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goich M, Bascuñán A, Faúndez P, Siel D. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of tramadol, morphine and methadone in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X231224662. [PMID: 38545955 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231224662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and the effect on physiological variables and behavior of the use of tramadol, methadone and morphine as preoperative analgesia in healthy cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. METHODS Cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were randomly assigned to receive one of the following premedication treatments intramuscularly: methadone (0.2 mg/kg; n = 10); morphine (0.2 mg/kg; n = 10); or tramadol (3 mg/kg; n = 10). Induction of anesthesia was done with propofol, and maintenance of anesthesia was done with isoflurane. Intraoperative heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, end-tidal isoflurane concentration and frequency of rescue analgesia (fentanyl 2.5 µg/kg) were compared between groups. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using the UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale, and perioperative serum glucose, cortisol concentrations and postoperative rescue analgesia were evaluated. RESULTS Intraoperative rescue analgesia was required in 76.5% of cats at some time during surgery, and 27% of cats required postoperative rescue analgesia up to 6 h after extubation. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to intraoperative and postoperative rescue analgesia, pain scale scores and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations. In the immediate postoperative period, after extubation, most of the patients presented with hypothermia; however, 1-6 h postoperatively, hyperthermia was observed in most of the patients, and was most common in the tramadol group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Under the conditions of this study, methadone, morphine and tramadol produced satisfactory postoperative analgesia in most of the cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, and the effects lasted up to 6 h postoperatively. Intraoperative analgesia was not sufficient in most cases. Significant cardiovascular or respiratory effects contraindicating the use of these drugs were not found. Postanesthetic hyperthermia occurred with all opioids studied and was more frequent in the tramadol group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Goich
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Bascuñán
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad de Chile sede Bilbao, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Faúndez
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad de Chile sede Bilbao, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Siel
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Janas KEA, Tobias KM, Aisa J. Clinical outcomes for 20 cats with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts treated with ameroid constrictor ring attenuation (2002-2020). Vet Surg 2024; 53:243-253. [PMID: 38153121 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical perioperative, short-term, and long-term outcomes for cats undergoing ameroid ring constrictor (ARC) attenuation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series from a single veterinary teaching hospital (2002-2020). ANIMALS Twenty client-owned cats with EHPSS. METHODS Data collected from medical records included signalment, history, physical examination, clinicopathologic testing, medications, diagnostic imaging, intraoperative findings, perioperative complications, and postoperative clinical outcomes. Long-term clinical outcome was obtained from a standardized owner interview or medical records. RESULTS Perioperative complications were reported in five cats out of 20, including blindness (two cats), ascites (one cat), head pressing (one cat), and seizures and death (one cat). Short-term clinical outcome was excellent in 14/18 cats, good in 2/18 cats, and poor in 2/18 cats that were available for follow up, and long term clinical outcome was excellent in 15/18, good in 1/18 cats, and poor in 2/18 cats that were available for follow up. CONCLUSION Long-term clinical outcome was good or excellent in 16/18 of cats available for follow up. Perioperative complications were reported in five cats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgical attenuation of EHPSS with an ARC can result in resolution of clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities in the majority of cats. The perioperative complication rate for feline patients with EHPSS attenuated with an ARC was lower than reported historically. Seizures may persist in the long term despite normal bile acid stimulation test results, complete blood count, and biochemistry analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krysta E A Janas
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karen M Tobias
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Josep Aisa
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Knight K, Vogel H, Bischoff M, Bajwa K. Ectopic adrenal tissue in a cat that underwent an ovariohysterectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-3. [PMID: 37988763 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.09.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of ultrasound and adrenal function testing to confirm that excised periovarian tissue is normal ectopic adrenal tissue (EAT). ANIMAL A 6-month-old female domestic shorthair cat. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES The cat underwent an ovariohysterectomy procedure, during which abnormal tissue was discovered adjacent to both ovaries. The tissue was removed during the ovariohysterectomy and submitted for histopathology, which was consistent with adrenal gland tissue, initially raising concern for an inadvertent adrenalectomy. Abdominal ultrasound and an adrenal function test were performed that confirmed normal adrenal structure and function; thus, the removed structure was diagnosed as EAT. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The patient continued to recover from the procedure uneventfully at home. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Parovarian nodules are an uncommon finding but when observed and biopsied, may be mistaken for physiologic adrenal tissue on the basis of histopathologic features alone without awareness of their existence and clinical context. The use of abdominal ultrasound and ACTH stimulation test offers an affirmative method of differentiating adrenal gland tissue from EAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Vogel
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castelli D, Hey K, Rieker T, Dorn N. [Unusual presentation of a mast cell tumor in the ear canal of a cat]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2024; 52:48-54. [PMID: 38412958 DOI: 10.1055/a-2247-4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A 12-year-old male neutered European Shorthair cat was presented for pruritus in the right ear region, bleeding from ear canal and a suspected polyp-like mass in its lumen.After the diagnostic imaging a biopsy of the mass was taken and submitted for histopathological evaluation. Histopathologic examination led to the diagnosis of low grade mast cell tumor. The subsequent staging examinations included ultrasonography of the liver and spleen as well as a complete blood count. Total ear canal ablation was performed on the same day, and the removed ear canal was again submitted for histopathologic evaluation of the surgical margins. The excision incision margins were free from infiltrating tumor cells. The cat was euthanised 14 months after the surgery. It is unknown whether the reasons for this were associated to metastatic spread of the initial mast cell tumor.A mast cell tumor in the ear canal is an unusual and rare finding, however it should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for ear canal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolin Hey
- Anicura Kleintierspezialisten Ravensburg, Ravensburg
| | - Thomas Rieker
- Anicura Kleintierspezialisten Ravensburg, Ravensburg
| | - Nicole Dorn
- Anicura Kleintierspezialisten Ravensburg, Ravensburg
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Case JB, Adin C, Chiquitha C, Gilor C. Laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy of the left limb using a harmonic scalpel in nine cats. Vet Surg 2024; 53:350-356. [PMID: 38037261 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a laparoscopic technique and outcome for partial pancreatectomy in cats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS Nine cats. METHODS Laparoscopic pancreatectomy was performed using a single incision laparoscopic surgery port and an additional 5.5 mm port. The left pancreatic limb was dissected, sealed and divided at the level of the splenic vein insertion to the portal vein using a harmonic device. Surgical time and complications were recorded. The weight and length of the resected pancreatic limb was recorded. Pre- and postoperative trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI), pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI), and hemoglobin A1C were documented. RESULTS Laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy was performed successfully in all cats. One grade 1 intraoperative complication occurred (1/9; 11%) resulting in minor hemorrhage from a caudal splenic vein branch. A grade 2 postoperative complication occurred within 3 days after surgery in one cat (1/9; 11%), involving localized, sterile peritonitis in the region of the pancreatic angle. Signs resolved with conservative management. No cats exhibited signs of pancreatitis postoperatively. Long-term, mean TLI decreased by 37% ± 38% (p = .03) following partial pancreatectomy, while PLI and A1C were unchanged. All cats were alive and clinically well at last follow-up 250 to 446 days following surgery. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy using a harmonic device is effective in cats, and offers a minimally-invasive alternative to open surgical pancreatectomy techniques. Laparoscopic pancreatectomy of the left limb results in adequate exocrine and endocrine function in the long-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Brad Case
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Adin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Crews Chiquitha
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Chen Gilor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bergen JL, Travis BM, Pike FS. Clinical use of uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents for treatment of extrahepatic biliary tract obstructions in cats and dogs: 11 cases (2012-2022). Vet Surg 2024; 53:320-329. [PMID: 37792320 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the application of uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents for treatment of extrahepatic biliary obstructions (EHBOs) and the outcomes for dogs and cats treated for EHBO with this technique. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective single institutional study. ANIMALS Eight dogs and three cats treated at the Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego for EHBO between January 2012 and February 2022. METHODS Data collected from the medical records included signalment, presenting complaint, laboratory and imaging findings, surgical findings, hospitalization time, complications, and follow-up information. RESULTS Median duration of short-term follow up was 16 days (6-45 days). Improved biochemical abnormalities and resolution of clinical signs were recorded in 10/11 cases. Two dogs died within 2 weeks of surgery. One dog developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome 5 days postoperatively and was euthanized; the cause of death in the second case was unknown. Long-term follow up was available in seven cases, with a median duration of 307.5 days (62-2268 days). Bile-duct patency was maintained for at least 356-622 days (median: 446 days) in three cats and 62-2268 days (median: 650.5 days) in four dogs with long-term follow up available. One cat had recurrent obstruction with choledocholiths 446 days postoperatively. One stent was removed 614 days postoperatively due to recurrent cholangiohepatitis. CONCLUSION Uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents were placed successfully and relieved EHBO in all cases that survived to discharge. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Use of uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents should be considered as an alternative to temporary choledochal luminal stenting or cholecystoenterostomy to manage EHBO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Bergen
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Blake M Travis
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Bluff City Veterinary Specialists, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fred S Pike
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
NISHIDA H, KAKIMOTO R, NOGUCHI S, KANEGI R, SHIMAMURA S, TANAKA T, FUMIMOTO T, NISHIBATA K, FUJIWARA H, AKIYOSHI H. A feline spinal dermoid cyst treated with surgical intervention. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:116-119. [PMID: 38072438 PMCID: PMC10849858 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old neutered female mixed cat presented with reduced activity and ataxia of the hind limbs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural mass compressing the spinal cord on the dorsal aspects from the 7th to 8th thoracic vertebra. Dorsal laminectomy was performed on the 7-8th thoracic vertebra and the cyst was totally removed, giving full resolution of the clinical signs. The cyst was diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first report of feline dermoid cyst compressing the spinal cord that was diagnosed antemortem. The prognosis is favorable when the cyst is completely resected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka NISHIDA
- Small Animal Clinics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riku KAKIMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke NOGUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoji KANEGI
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke SHIMAMURA
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki TANAKA
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamiko FUMIMOTO
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideo AKIYOSHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fuchs AA, Giuliano EA, English R, Nadelstein B. Diode laser ablation of progressive pigmented iris lesions in 317 cats (356 eyes) appears overall safe and effective in decreasing progression of iris pigmentation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:117-124. [PMID: 37758183 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.07.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a novel scoring system of feline pigmented iris lesions prior to utilization of diode laser ablation of progressive pigmented iris lesions and to retrospectively evaluate short- and long-term patient outcomes following transcorneal diode laser ablation. ANIMALS 317 client-owned cats (356 eyes) were included. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Records of cats undergoing diode laser ablation from January 2000 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. A novel clinical grading system to describe severity of feline iris hyperpigmentation was developed. Recorded parameters included signalment, operated-upon eye, presurgical iris pigmentation score, intraocular pressure, visual status, postoperative complications, repeat laser surgery, patient status at last follow-up, time to death, and presumptive or known cause of death. RESULTS Complications included corneal ulceration (25/356 [7%]), glaucoma (18/356 [5%]), uveitis (4/356 [1.1%]), and corneal edema (3/356 [0.8%]). Enucleation was performed in 12 eyes due to blindness and secondary glaucoma. Repeat laser due to continued progression of pigment was performed in 18.5% of eyes. Two study patients were euthanized due to presumptive metastatic disease. Of the 250 cats for whom confirmation was available via phone call or medical records, 240 (96%) were alive at 1 year. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diode laser ablation appears safe overall and may be effective in decreasing progression of feline iris pigmentation. Complication risks appear minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Giuliano
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amey JA, Liatis T, Cherubini GB, De Decker S, Foreman MH. Outcomes of surgically and conservatively managed thoracolumbar and lumbosacral intervertebral disc herniations in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:247-257. [PMID: 38148600 PMCID: PMC10800212 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available regarding intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) and its treatment in cats. OBJECTIVES Describe outcomes after surgical or conservative treatment of cats with thoracolumbar and lumbosacral IVDH. ANIMALS Ninety-two cats from 2 referral populations (2012-2022) with compressive IVDH between the T3 and S1 vertebrae. METHODS Retrospective cohort study evaluating outcomes of surgical (49 cats) and conservative (36 cats) management of IVDH; 7 cats were euthanized at diagnosis. Outcome was assessed using hospital and referring veterinarian records and client questionnaires. Successful outcome was defined as regained or improved ambulation, urinary and fecal continence, and no requirement for analgesic medication. RESULTS Incidence of IVDH during the study period was 0.44% (92/20849). Surgical treatment resulted in 62% (6 weeks) and 74% success (6 months). Conservative treatment resulted in 54% (6 weeks) and 65% success (6 months). Neurological grade at presentation was higher in cats treated surgically (median, 2; range, 1-5) than in those treated conservatively (median, 2; range, 0-4; P = .001). Regardless of treatment type, cats suffering trauma were more likely to have a successful outcome 6 weeks after treatment compared with those without history of trauma (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-26.78; P = .04). Neurological deficits remained in the majority of cats for both treatment types (92%, conservative; 86%, surgical at 6 weeks). Acute-on-chronic IVDH with characteristics of both extrusion and protrusion were identified in 10% of cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Conservative treatment could be as effective as surgical decompression in cats with thoracolumbar or lumbosacral IVDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Amey
- Dick White ReferralsPart of Linnaeus Veterinary LimitedSix Mile BottomUK
| | | | - Giunio Bruto Cherubini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato,” Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | | | - Max H. Foreman
- Dick White ReferralsPart of Linnaeus Veterinary LimitedSix Mile BottomUK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Andrade CRD, Mendes ADO, Ribeiro DC, Moraes PDC. Cervical mass and open-mouth breathing in a 6-month-old male intact domestic shorthair cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:133-135. [PMID: 37793636 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.03.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Mendes
- 1Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Débora Cicconi Ribeiro
- 1Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paola de Castro Moraes
- 2Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tichenor M, Hearon K, Selmic LE. Characteristics and outcomes for 61 cats that underwent either surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy as treatment for intracranial meningioma (2005-2017). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-8. [PMID: 37863102 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.02.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report clinical features and outcomes of cats undergoing either stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) or surgical excision for the treatment of intracranial meningioma. ANIMALS 61 client-owned cats. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed of cats with intracranial meningiomas that were treated with surgical removal and/or SRT between 2005 and 2017. Signalment, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, diagnostic imaging reports, histopathology reports, treatment protocol, complications, recurrence or progression, and survival time were obtained from the medical record and through follow-up phone calls. RESULTS Of the 61 patients, 46 had surgery, 14 had SRT, and 1 had surgery followed by SRT for initial treatment. Significantly more cats that underwent surgery had peritreatment complications compared to the SRT group (P < .0001). Cats that received surgery initially had a significantly longer median survival time (MST) of 1,345 days compared to the MST of 339 days for the SRT cats (P = .002). Fourteen (30%) cats in the surgery group and 4 cats in the SRT group (28%) had MRI- or CT-confirmed tumor regrowth or new tumor growth (P = 1.00). Five cases that had SRT for subsequent recurrence had an MST of 700 days (range, 335 to 1,460 days) after the last treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE SRT proved to be a safe, alternative treatment option for feline patients with intracranial meningiomas; however, the survival times with surgery alone were significantly longer. SRT for the treatment of recurrence following initial surgery may show promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura E Selmic
- 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Emilian Adrian D, Genoni S, Morrison S, Whitelock R. Use of Locking Plates Fixed with Cortical Screws for Pelvic Fracture Repair in 20 Cats. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2024; 37:50-56. [PMID: 37696299 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the use of String of Pearls (SOP) plates for the surgical management of feline pelvic fractures, including surgical technique, proposed indications, complications, and outcomes in a cohort of cats. STUDY DESIGN This study is a single-center retrospective clinical case series. METHODS Medical records (2015-2019) of cats presenting for pelvic fractures (n = 33) were reviewed. Type of fracture, preoperative and postoperative imaging, and complications were retrospectively retrieved. Owners were contacted via questionnaire for medium- and long-term follow-up. RESULTS A total of 20 cats met the inclusion criteria. Minor intraoperative complications were encountered in three patients. One patient suffered a major intraoperative complication. Five major complications were encountered postoperatively. These included two greater trochanter osteotomy fixation implant removal and three SOP plate removal. Full function was recovered in all patients according to the owners' assessment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of SOP plates in feline pelvic fractures appears to yield a consistently good outcome with a very low incidence of canal narrowing and screw loosening. SOP plates are easy to contour and to apply along the entire pelvic length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Genoni
- The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, United Kingdom
| | - Shane Morrison
- Advanced Practitioner in Small Animal Surgery - Christchurch Veterinary Referrals, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andrews C, Williams R, Burneko M. Use of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs and cats undergoing gastrointestinal surgery is not associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections or multidrug-resistant infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-6. [PMID: 37918106 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.08.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) after clean-contaminated and dirty gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats that did and did not receive incisional infiltration of Nocita and report the bacteria isolated. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 211) and cats (78). METHODS Records of dogs and cats that underwent gastrointestinal surgery at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital between July 1, 2020, and April 1, 2023, were reviewed for surgical procedures, presence of preoperative septic peritonitis, use of Nocita, perioperative antibiotics administered, postoperative antibiotic use, SSI development postoperatively, and aerobic bacteria isolated. RESULTS 7 of 124 (5.6%) dogs that received Nocita and 9 of 87 (10.2%) that did not receive Nocita developed an SSI. No dogs presenting with septic peritonitis and given Nocita (n = 5) developed an SSI. Two of 55 (3.6%) cats that received Nocita and 1 of 23 (4%) that did not receive Nocita developed an SSI. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli was the most common aerobic bacteria isolated from SSIs (n = 3), and MDR bacteria were isolated commonly from both groups (4). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of Nocita for gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats is not associated with higher rates of SSI than published rates of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery. Use of Nocita in dogs with preoperative septic peritonitis is not associated with the development of SSI. MDR bacteria are commonly isolated via culture from both dogs that received Nocita and those that did not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Andrews
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rachel Williams
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Marie Burneko
- 2School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tayayouth S, Kalerum P, Girddee J, Pattanapon N, Yodsheewan R, Danpanang N, Theerapan W, Assawarachan SN. Double cholecystectomy of duplex gallbladder associated with chronic cholecystitis in a cat. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1337. [PMID: 38124456 PMCID: PMC10766050 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old female neutered Persian cat presented with hyporexia and gradual weight loss over 6 months. Physical examination revealed cranial abdominal pain. Haematology and serum biochemistry were within normal limits. Abdominal ultrasonography and a computed tomography scan suggested a non-neoplastic mass compressing the gallbladder. During an exploratory laparotomy, a duplex gallbladder with two separate cystic ducts was diagnosed intraoperatively. The mass identified using the imaging techniques was an abnormal right gallbladder which was distended with immobile mucoid bile and a thickened wall. The left gallbladder and cystic duct were grossly normal. A cholecystectomy of both gallbladders was performed. Histopathology of the right gallbladder identified chronic cholecystitis. The cat made a good recovery from surgery and reported complete resolution of its hyporexia and a return to normal body weight. This is the first report of a successful cholecystectomy of a duplex gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis of a single gallbladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirada Tayayouth
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaeng SaenFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityKamphaeng Saen, Nakhon PathomThailand
| | - Patimaporn Kalerum
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaeng SaenFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityKamphaeng Saen, Nakhon PathomThailand
| | - Jirayu Girddee
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaeng SaenFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityKamphaeng Saen, Nakhon PathomThailand
| | - Nakrob Pattanapon
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaeng SaenFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityKamphaeng Saen, Nakhon PathomThailand
| | - Rungrueang Yodsheewan
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Nut Danpanang
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Hua HinFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityHua Hin, Prachuap Khiri KhanThailand
| | - Wutthiwong Theerapan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Sathidpak Nantasanti Assawarachan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
- Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UnitKasetsart University Veterinary Teaching HospitalFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marks TA, Rossanese M, Yale AD, Stewart S, Smallwood K, Rigas K, Guillén A. Prognostic factors and outcome in cats with thymic epithelial tumours: 64 cases (1999-2021). J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:47-55. [PMID: 37800196 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of cats diagnosed with thymic epithelial tumours and to determine prognostic factors for survival and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical records of cats diagnosed with a thymic epithelial tumour between 1999 and 2021 at three referral institutions were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Sixty-four cats were included. Paraneoplastic syndromes were present in nine cats and metastatic disease was seen in two cats, one at diagnosis and one at the time of recurrence. Median tumour diameter was 6 cm (range, 2 to 15) and a cystic appearance was described on imaging in 25 cats. Surgical excision was attempted in 54 cats with a perioperative mortality rate of 11%. Median survival time for cats surviving to hospital discharge was 897 days (range, 21 to 3322). The 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates for surgically treated thymic epithelial tumour were 86%, 70% and 66%, respectively. Survival was longer for cats with Masaoka-Koga stage I and II tumours compared to stages III and IV (1366 days versus 454 days; P=0.002). Masaoka-Koga stage was the only significant prognostic factor detected on multi-variable analysis, with stage III and IV tumours associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 5.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 24.91, P=.021). Tumour recurrence occurred in 11 cats at a median of 564 days (range, 93 to 1095); no significant prognostic factors for recurrence were identified. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cats with thymic epithelial tumours had a good long-term prognosis following surgery. Tumour recurrence can occur late in the disease course and ongoing monitoring should therefore be considered. Masaoka-Koga stage may influence survival time and could be used to predict outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Marks
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - M Rossanese
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A D Yale
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S Stewart
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Smallwood
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, RH1 4QP, UK
| | - K Rigas
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, Essex, SS14 3AP, UK
| | - A Guillén
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Allinder M, Tynan B, Martin C, Furbish A, Austin G, Bartges J, Lourenço BN. Uroliths composed of antiviral compound GS-441524 in 2 cats undergoing treatment for feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:370-374. [PMID: 38032049 PMCID: PMC10800210 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) historically has been a fatal disease in cats. Recent unlicensed use of antiviral medication has been shown to markedly improve survival of this infection. An 8-month-old female spayed domestic short-haired cat undergoing treatment for presumptive FIP with the antiviral nucleoside analog GS-441524 developed acute progressive azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified multifocal urolithiasis including renal, ureteral, and cystic calculi. Unilateral ureteral obstruction progressed to suspected bilateral ureteral obstruction and subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) was performed along with urolith removal and submission for analysis. A 2-year-old male neutered domestic medium-haired cat undergoing treatment for confirmed FIP with GS-441524 developed dysuria (weak urine stream, urinary incontinence, and difficulty expressing the urinary bladder). This cat also was diagnosed sonographically with multifocal urolithiasis requiring temporary tube cystostomy after cystotomy and urolith removal. In both cases, initial urolith analysis showed unidentified material. Additional testing confirmed the calculi in both cats to be 98% consistent with GS-441524. Additional clinical studies are required to determine best screening practices for cats presented for urolithiasis during treatment with GS-441524.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Allinder
- Clinical Veterinary PharmacyCharleston Veterinary Referral CenterCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Beth Tynan
- Critical CareCharleston Veterinary Referral CenterCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cara Martin
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Amelia Furbish
- Dept. of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Joe Bartges
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bianca N. Lourenço
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
KIM SE, LEE NY, OH JS, KIM DY. Capillary gingival hemangioma in a cat. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1310-1313. [PMID: 37880081 PMCID: PMC10788176 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old spayed female American short-haired cat presented with a palatal gingival mass located between the right maxillary third incisor and the canine teeth. The mass was dark red and had a narrow attachment to the gingival margin of the canine tooth. The mass was completely removed by marginal excision and the histopathological diagnosis was a capillary hemangioma. The mass did not relapse until 1 year later; however, the tooth was extracted because of cervical resorption of the right maxillary canine immediately adjacent to the mass resection site. This report presents a rare case of the gingival hemangioma in a cat and the possibility of a causal relationship between the occurrence of external cervical tooth resorption and hemangioma resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun KIM
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young LEE
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary
Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seop OH
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary
Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong KIM
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary
Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kenny SA, Cook MR, Lenz JA, Maritato KC, Skorupski KA, Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Pellin MA, Silveira CJ, Veytsman S, Selmic LE, Husbands BD. Clinical outcomes in cats with renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy: A retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:587-594. [PMID: 37464904 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Renal carcinomas (RC) are uncommonly encountered in feline medicine. Limited information regarding clinical presentation and postoperative outcomes is available. The purpose of this multi-institutional, retrospective study was to describe the presenting features and clinical outcomes of cats with RC undergoing nephrectomy. Thirty-six client-owned cats were included. Medical records from participating institutions were searched to identify cats that had a histopathologic diagnosis of RC and underwent nephrectomy from January 2001 to October 2021. The most common presenting complaints were weight loss (36.1%) and hyporexia (30.6%). Based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings, eight cats had suspected metastasis at the time of surgery (22.2%). Twenty-eight cats survived to discharge (77.8%). Median progression free interval (PFI) could not be determined, as only six cats developed suspected recurrence (16.7%) and seven cats developed suspected metastasis (19.4%). The all-cause median survival time (MST) was 203 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84, 1379 days). When cases that died prior to discharge were excluded, MST increased to 1217 days (95% CI: 127, 1641 days). One-year, two-year, and three-year survival rates were all 40.4%. Neither renal tumour histologic subtype nor the presence of preoperative azotemia, anaemia, erythrocytosis, haematuria, or suspected metastasis at diagnosis were found to influence survival. For cats surviving to discharge, prolonged survival times were possible. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other potential prognostic factors, the utility of postoperative adjuvant treatment, and to identify cats at-risk of mortality in the perioperative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Kenny
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew R Cook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lenz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - MacKenzie A Pellin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Catrina J Silveira
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stan Veytsman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian D Husbands
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pantangco MJAVP, Baltzer WI, Makar JG, Hoon QJ. The use of a linear versus curvilinear oscillating saw blade for femoral head and neck excision surgery in cats. Am J Vet Res 2023; 84:ajvr.23.08.0187. [PMID: 38041947 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.08.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of using either a linear or curvilinear oscillating, battery-powered saw blade on the extent of bone resection, bone fissure or fragmentation, soft tissue trauma, and surgical time for femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in feline cadavers. ANIMALS 18 feline cadavers. METHODS Paired feline cadaveric femora were randomly assigned to either a 10 mm linear or 12 mm curvilinear blade for FHNE by 2 surgical residents. CT of each femur pre- and postoperatively were used to create 3D reconstructions of each femur. The residual remaining or excessively resected bone volume at the ostectomy site was compared to an "ideal" ostectomy line made by a board-certified surgeon on preoperative CTs. RESULTS There were no significant differences in residual or excessive bone resection by a saw blade (P = .84), between surgeons (P = .65), or in surgery time (P = .39). When compared to the "ideal" ostectomy, the linear saw blade removed slightly less bone compared to the curvilinear blade, but was not statistically significant (P = .82). No fissures or fractures were noted; however, the curvilinear blade removed the entire lesser trochanter in 1 cadaver and the linear blade partially removed the greater trochanter in 1 femur and 2 lesser trochanters in 2 femora. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a curvilinear blade may be a viable option for performing FHNE in cats. In vivo studies are warranted to determine its efficacy in clinical cases where FHNE is performed and the incidence of complications postoperatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie J A V P Pantangco
- Department of Surgery, University of Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wendy I Baltzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason G Makar
- Department of Surgery, University of Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - QiCai J Hoon
- Veterinary Specialist Services, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Forster K, Compagnone K, Fabrizio F. Bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy in cats offers good exposure for resection of large vaginal masses with minimal postoperative complications. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-7. [PMID: 37619616 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical technique, histopathological diagnosis, and postoperative outcome in 3 cats with extensive vaginal masses. ANIMALS Medical records of cats diagnosed with vaginal masses that had a bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy and vaginectomy between 2004 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Three cats met the inclusion criteria. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Histopathological diagnosis included T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (n = 1), mycetoma (1), and vaginal polyp (1). Diagnostic imaging included CT (n = 2) and MRI (1), and tumor length/width/height percentages in relation to the pelvic dimensions were 53% X 62% X 63% (case 1), 50% X 100% X 60% (case 2), and 150% X 120% X 120% (case 3). A bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy was performed in all 3 cases. RESULTS All 3 cases developed mild pelvic-limb splaying postoperatively; all resolved within 8 weeks, and 2 cases fully resolved within 14 days. Two of the 3 cases presented with mild stranguria postoperatively, which resolved fully in both cases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vaginal neoplasia, either malignant or benign, is infrequently reported in cats in the veterinary literature. Bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy for resection of vaginal masses in cats is a successful surgical approach, offering good exposure for resection of large vaginal masses, with minimal postoperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Forster
- 1North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pestelacci S, Hofer-Inteeworn N, Dennler M, Glaus T. Balloon dilation and transient stenting of unilateral membranous choanal atresia in a British Shorthair cat with chronic purulent rhinitis and ascending meningoencephalitis. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:793-800. [PMID: 38014545 DOI: doi.org/10.17236/sat00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Choanal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly in humans and animals, characterized by the absence of communication of one or both nasal cavities with the nasopharynx. The severity of clinical signs depends on the presence of unilateral versus bilateral stenosis as well as comorbidities. With bilateral atresia, respiration may be severely compromised particularly during sleep, as airflow can only occur when breathing through the open mouth. Various therapeutic modalities have been described in people and adopted for animals. All treatments may be associated with complications, the most important being post-therapeutic scar formation with re-stenosis. This report describes a 10-month-old British Shorthair cat with chronic unilateral serosal nasal discharge that changed to mucopurulent discharge. When acute neurological signs developed, the cat was presented to the veterinary hospital. A diagnosis of primary, membranous right sided choanal atresia was achieved via computed tomography (CT) and nasopharyngeal (posterior) rhinoscopy. Secondary changes included destructive rhinitis with progression to the CNS with a subdural empyema and meningoencephalitis. Retinal changes and aspiration bronchopneumonia were suspected additional complications. After recovery from the secondary infections, the membranous obstruction was perforated and dilated using a valvuloplasty balloon by an orthograde transnasal approach under endoscopic guidance from a retroflexed nasopharyngeal view. To prevent re-stenosis, a foley catheter was placed as a transient stent for 6 days. The cat recovered uneventfully and was asymptomatic after the stent removal. Endoscopic re-examination after 5 months confirmed a persistent opening and patency of the generated right choanal passage. The cat remains asymptomatic 10 months after the procedure. Transnasal endoscopic balloon dilation and transient stenting of choanal atresia is a minimally invasive and relatively simple procedure with potentially sustained success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pestelacci
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - N Hofer-Inteeworn
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Dennler
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - T Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Clark R, Fentem R, Humphreys W, Pappa E. A composite occipito-atlanto-axial joint cavity cyst in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:807. [PMID: 37462161 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Clark
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - R Fentem
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - W Humphreys
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - E Pappa
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Traverson M, Zheng J, Tremolada G, Chen CL, Cray M, Culp WTN, Gibson EA, Oblak ML, Dickerson VM, Lopez DJ, Maxwell EA, Ansellem P, Skinner OT, Selmic LE. Adrenal tumors treated by adrenalectomy following spontaneous rupture carry an overall favorable prognosis: retrospective evaluation of outcomes in 59 dogs and 3 cats (2000-2021). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-9. [PMID: 37734721 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.06.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a retrospective multi-institutional study reporting short- and long-term outcomes of adrenalectomy in patients presenting with acute hemorrhage secondary to spontaneous adrenal rupture. ANIMALS 59 dogs and 3 cats. METHODS Medical records of dogs and cats undergoing adrenalectomy between 2000 and 2021 for ruptured adrenal masses were reviewed. Data collected included clinical presentation, preoperative diagnostics, surgical report, anesthesia and hospitalization findings, histopathology, adjuvant treatments, and long-term outcome (recurrence, metastasis, and survival). RESULTS Median time from hospital admission to surgery was 3 days, with 34% of surgeries being performed emergently (within 1 day of presentation). Need for intraoperative blood transfusion was significantly associated with emergent surgery and presence of active intraoperative hemorrhage. The short-term (≤ 14 days) complication and mortality rates were 42% and 21%, respectively. Negative prognostic factors for short-term survival included emergent surgery, intraoperative hypotension, and performing additional surgical procedures. Diagnoses included adrenocortical neoplasia (malignant [41%], benign [12%], and undetermined [5%]), pheochromocytoma (38%), a single case of adrenal fibrosis and hemorrhage (2%), and a single case of hemangiosarcoma (2%). Local recurrence and metastasis of adrenocortical carcinoma were confirmed in 1 and 3 cases, respectively. Overall median survival time was 574 days and 900 days when short-term mortality was censored. No significant relationship was found between histopathological diagnosis and survival. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adrenalectomy for ruptured adrenal gland masses was associated with similar short- and long-term outcomes as compared with previously reported nonruptured cases. If hemodynamic stability can be achieved, delaying surgery and limiting additional procedures appear indicated to optimize short-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Traverson
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Junxian Zheng
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- 3Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Carolyn L Chen
- 4Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Megan Cray
- 5Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - William T N Culp
- 6Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Erin A Gibson
- 6Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- 7Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Vanna M Dickerson
- 8Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Daniel J Lopez
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Elizabeth A Maxwell
- 9Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Pierre Ansellem
- 10Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Owen T Skinner
- 11Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Laura E Selmic
- 4Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ryave J, Sanders RA, Gunasekaran T. Successful balloon angioplasty in a cat with unilateral left pulmonary artery branch stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:17-22. [PMID: 37913605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A 9-month-old intact male Ragdoll cat was presented for evaluation of a left-sided systolic murmur that was first auscultated during examination for a newly developed cough. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a narrowed left pulmonary artery and an increase in flow velocities at the level of the narrowing, consistent with left pulmonary artery branch stenosis. The right pulmonary artery appeared normal. Balloon angioplasty was performed and successfully reduced pressure gradient across the stenosis. The patient continues to do well 14 months after the procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ryave
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R A Sanders
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - T Gunasekaran
- BluePearl Pet Hospital, 4126 Packard Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pieper JB, Noxon JO, Berger DJ. Retrospective evaluation of ceruminous gland tumors confined to the external ear canal of dogs and cats treated with biopsy and CO 2 laser ablation. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2385-2390. [PMID: 37731239 PMCID: PMC10658490 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments currently available for ceruminous gland tumors include surgery and radiation therapy, which come with high financial costs and frequent complication and recurrence rates. HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the treatment, response, complication, and recurrence of ceruminous gland tumors confirmed with biopsy and ablated using CO2 laser. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records from Iowa State University and the University of Illinois between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021. Electronic medical records were evaluated for a histopathologically confirmed ceruminous gland tumor via video-otoscopic aided biopsy and subsequent CO2 laser ablation. Signalment, tumor type, size, location within the ear canal, length of time tumor was present before presentation, advanced imaging, and follow-up including recurrence were assessed. RESULTS Fourteen ceruminous gland adenomas (4 dogs, 10 cats) and 12 ceruminous gland adenocarcinomas (7 dogs, 5 cats) were identified. Bacterial otitis externa was present in 4/26 (15%) animals. Recurrence was identified in 1/14 (7%) ceruminous gland adenomas and 1/12 (8%) ceruminous gland adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Video-otoscopic aided biopsy and CO2 laser ablation of ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats is a viable treatment option with low recurrence and complication rates with CO2 laser ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Pieper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - James O. Noxon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Darren J. Berger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fert S, River P, Bondonny L, Cauzinille L. Metastatic extradural melanoma of the lumbar spine in a cat. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2393-2398. [PMID: 37656442 PMCID: PMC10650352 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old neutered male Domestic shorthair cat, with a 1.5-year history of left eye enucleation secondary to a diffuse iris malignant melanoma, was evaluated for progressive onset of pelvic limb paresis and ataxia with severe thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia and dysorexia. Neurological examination localised a lesion to the T3-L3 spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine showed a well-defined extradural T1-weighted hyperintense non-contrast-enhancing mass, initially suggesting a potential haemorrhagic component. Exploratory surgery revealed a brownish extradural lumbar mass. Histologic examination concluded to a melanoma, most probably metastatic given the animal's previous medical history. This report highlights the importance of collecting a complete medical history, which can help in obtaining a preliminary differential diagnosis in cats with clinical signs of myelopathy. Although the location of this metastasis is particularly unusual both in human and veterinary medicine, making optimal treatment challenging for neurosurgeon, our increased understanding of immune and tumour cell biology during the past decade is likely to improve the future treatments of feline melanoma and its metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Fert
- Department of NeurologyVeterinary Hospital Center FrégisGentillyFrance
| | - Pablo River
- Department of SurgeryVeterinary Hospital Center OnlyvetSaint PriestFrance
| | - Laura Bondonny
- Department of SurgeryVeterinary Hospital Center OnlyvetSaint PriestFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rahimdoust Mozhdehi N, Salari Sedigh H, Kazemi Mehrjerdi H. Surgical correction of stenotic nares using a single pedicle advancement flap technique in three brachycephalic cats. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2410-2413. [PMID: 37897212 PMCID: PMC10650353 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) comprises a group of anatomical upper respiratory tract abnormalities that collectively result in various degrees of upper respiratory tract obstruction. Stenotic nares is a common feature of BOAS, and in dogs, the main cause is axial deviation of the alar cartilage. In contrast, narrowing of the nares in cats is predominantly the result of a redundant skin fold at the junction of the ventral floor of the nostrils and the haired skin of the lip. Three brachycephalic cats with inspiratory obstruction were referred to the surgery department of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The predominant cause of obstruction was nostril stenosis due to the presence of redundant skin on the ventral floor of the nares. All three cats underwent surgical correction using a single pedicle advancement flap technique, which was first described by Berns et al. (2020). All three cats had positive outcomes, with no surgical complications and no episodes of respiratory distress reported within a 9-month follow-up. Appropriate surgical treatment of feline patients with stenotic nares can result in good long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rahimdoust Mozhdehi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hamideh Salari Sedigh
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Farke D, Siwicka AK, Olszewska A, Czerwik A, Büttner K, Schmidt MJ. Risk factors, treatment, and outcome in dogs and cats with subdural hematoma and hemispheric collapse after ventriculoperitoneal shunting of congenital internal hydrocephalus. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2269-2277. [PMID: 37675951 PMCID: PMC10658535 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overshunting and hemispheric collapse are well-known complications after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) implantation. Risk factors that predispose to overshunting, treatment options, and prognosis after therapeutic intervention have not been described. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To identify preoperative risk factors for overshunting, the effect of surgical decompression, and their outcomes. ANIMALS Seventy-five dogs and 7 cats. METHODS Retrospective case cohort study. Age, breed, sex, body weight, number of dilated ventricles, ventricle brain ratio, intraventricular pressure, and implanted pressure valve systems were evaluated as possible risk factors. RESULTS Overshunting had a prevalence of 18% (Cl 95% 9.9-26.66). An increase of 0.05 in VBR increased the risk of overshunting by OR 2.23 (Cl 95% 1.4-3.5; P = .001). Biventricular hydrocephalus had the highest risk for overshunting compared to a tri- (OR 2.48 with Cl 95% 0.5-11.1) or tetraventricular hydrocephalus (OR 11.6 with Cl 95% 1.7-81.1; P = .05). There was no influence regarding the use of gravitational vs differential pressure valves (P > .78). Overshunting resulted in hemispheric collapse, subdural hemorrhage, and peracute deterioration of neurological status in 15 animals. Subdural hematoma was removed in 8 dogs and 2 cats with prompt postoperative improvement of clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Biventricular hydrocephalus and increased VBR indicate a higher risk for overshunting. The use of differential valves with gravitational units has no influence on occurrence of overshunting related complications and outcomes. Decompressive surgery provides a favorable treatment option for hemispheric collapse and has a good outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig‐University, Frankfurter Strasse 11435392 GiessenGermany
| | - Anna K. Siwicka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig‐University, Frankfurter Strasse 11435392 GiessenGermany
| | - Agnieszka Olszewska
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig‐University, Frankfurter Strasse 11435392 GiessenGermany
| | - Adriana Czerwik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig‐University, Frankfurter Strasse 11435392 GiessenGermany
| | - Kathrin Büttner
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJustus Liebig‐University‐GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Martin J. Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal ClinicJustus‐Liebig‐University, Frankfurter Strasse 11435392 GiessenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Holland CT. Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon in a cat with complete spinal cord transection from traumatic dorsocranial luxation of the second lumbar vertebra. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2404-2409. [PMID: 37846941 PMCID: PMC10650366 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A young stray entire female domestic shorthair cat was presented with symmetrical forelimb extensor rigidity, neck hyperextension and hindlimb paraplegia, characteristic of Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon (SSP), within 30 min of a motor vehicle accident. Radiographic and post-mortem studies disclosed complete transection of the spinal cord from traumatic dorsocranial luxation of the second lumbar vertebra, displacement of the sacrum from the ilium, seventh lumbar and first caudal vertebrae and multiple pelvic fractures. Other causes of forelimb extensor rigidity and neck hyperextension such as decerebrate and decerebellate rigidity were excluded by a lack of neurological signs consistent with these entities and unremarkable findings on post-mortem examination of the cranial cavity and brain and histological examination of the cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report of SSP in the cat outside the experimental arena of decerebrate or non-decerebrate preparations following post-brachial spinal cord transection/cold block.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lippert BN, Talbot CT, Hall KE. Successful Medical Management of Bilateral Pneumothorax Due to Nasogastric Tube Misplacement in a Cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2023; 59:291-296. [PMID: 37883675 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A 7 yr old female spayed domestic shorthair was evaluated for suspected lily ingestion and acute vomiting. The cat had vomited suspected lily plant material before presentation, and a nasogastric tube (NGT) was placed to continue to administer activated charcoal. The NGT was passed with sedation and limited restraint. To confirm placement, a single lateral radiograph was taken, which showed that the tube was in the trachea, bronchus, through the pulmonary parenchyma, and extending into the region of the craniodorsal retroperitoneal space. The tube was subsequently removed, resulting in a tension pneumothorax. Bilateral thoracostomy tubes were placed and attached to continuous suction. The pneumothorax resolved after 2 days, the thoracostomy tubes were removed, and the cat was discharged on day 3 after admission. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first described pneumothorax complication with successful medical management secondary to routine nasogastric tube placement in a cat. This case report underscores the importance of preparedness for thoracostomy tube placement before removal of any NGT that has been confirmed to be placed through the pulmonary parenchyma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Lippert
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Charles T Talbot
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly E Hall
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Chang Y. A novel surgical approach for feline stenotic nares: Bilateral wedge resection of the dorsal lateral nasal cartilage in seven cases. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2430-2437. [PMID: 37842865 PMCID: PMC10650225 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical correction of stenotic nares, one component of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), is not referenced as often in cats as it is in dogs. Similar to dogs, stenotic nares emerge as a significant contributor in the development of BOAS in cats. In this study, we propose that stenotic nares in brachycephalic cats arise from an elongated dorsal lateral nasal cartilage. The aim of this paper is to illustrate a novel surgical technique to alleviate stenosis-associated clinical signs by performing full-thickness bilateral wedge resection of the excessive cartilage. ANIMALS Seven cats that underwent rhinoplasty with full-thickness bilateral wedge resection along the dorsal lateral nasal cartilage between 2019 and 2022 at Pan-Asia Veterinary Clinic in Taipei, Taiwan. METHODS Clinical data of all cats included in the study were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical procedures were recorded. A full-thickness bilateral wedge resection was made along the dorsal lateral nasal cartilage adjacent to the non-hairy area. The full-thickness wedge resection was then apposed and closed, resulting in the abduction of the wing of the nostrils. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated according to follow-up sessions by the authors, and an owner survey was conducted at least 6 months post-surgery. RESULTS All cats included in this study had a favourable outcome with no complications reported following surgery. The degree of nostril stenosis was improved, and relapse of clinical signs was not reported. Overall, the quality of life of cats that underwent rhinoplasty was significantly improved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results support that the innovative procedure described in this study is highly promising and holds great potential in restoring quality of life and halting disease progression of cats with BOAS.
Collapse
|
44
|
Itoi T, Kutara K, Mitsui I, Akashi N, Kanda T, Sugimoto K, Shimizu Y, Yamazoe K. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the primitive neuroectodermal tumour in lumbosacral spinal cord in a cat. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2399-2403. [PMID: 37742085 PMCID: PMC10650244 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old, castrated, male domestic short-haired cat presented with neurological deficits in the pelvic limbs, back pain and dysuria. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass lesion caudal to the L4 vertebrae. In addition, suspected haemorrhage was observed at the cranial aspect of the mass. There was no evidence to support the presence of extravertebral intrusion or vertebral body, osteolysis. Dorsal laminectomy and durotomy were performed to debulk the intraspinal mass. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment revealed a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the clinical and pathological features and imaging diagnosis of intraspinal PNET without extraspinal invasion in a cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Itoi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Kenji Kutara
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Ikki Mitsui
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Natsuki Akashi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Teppei Kanda
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Keisuke Sugimoto
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| | - Kazuaki Yamazoe
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineOkayama University of ScienceImabariEhimeJapan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sandersen C. Optimising postoperative pain management in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet Rec 2023; 193:320-322. [PMID: 37861153 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sandersen
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
KIM H, LEE S, CHO S, KIM K, EOM K, KIM J. Abdominal hernia as a rare manifestation of feline mammary gland carcinoma: a case report. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1116-1120. [PMID: 37661431 PMCID: PMC10600535 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 15-year-old, spayed female, Scottish Straight cat without any traumatic history was presented with swollen abdomen and diagnosed as an abdominal wall hernia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed thickened, irregular, and hypoechoic change of abdominal wall muscle adjacent to defect. During the herniorrhaphy, multiple nodules were identified in the subcutaneous tissue around the defect. Histological examination of the nodular tissue was performed, and it was confirmed as mammary gland tumor. After the surgery, metastatic changes of the pancreas were identified, and pleural effusion and ascites were also confirmed. The patient deteriorated rapidly and died 78 days after the surgery. This is the first case presenting abdominal wall hernia induced by malignant tumor in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon KIM
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Kihoon KIM
- DR.DOG Animal Medical Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kidong EOM
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehwan KIM
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Williams EA, Monnet E. Clinical outcomes of the use of unidirectional barbed sutures in gastrointestinal surgery for dogs and cats: A retrospective study. Vet Surg 2023; 52:1009-1014. [PMID: 37332126 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal surgery using unidirectional barbed sutures in single-layer appositional closure in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective and descriptive study. SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-six client-owned dogs; three client-owned cats. METHODS Medical records of dogs and cats that received gastrointestinal surgery closed with unidirectional barbed sutures were reviewed to collect information on signalment, physical examinations, diagnostics, surgical procedures, and complications. Short- and long-term follow-up information was collected from the medical records, the owners, or the referring veterinarians. RESULTS Six gastrotomies, 21 enterotomies, and nine enterectomies were closed with a simple continuous pattern with unidirectional barbed glycomer 631 sutures. Nine dogs had multiple surgical sites closed with unidirectional barbed sutures. None of the cases in the study developed leakage, dehiscence, or septic peritonitis during the 14-day short-term follow up. Long-term follow up information was collected for 19 patients. The median long-term follow-up time was 1076 days (range: 20-2179 days). Two dogs had intestinal obstruction due to strictures at the surgical site 20 and 27 days after surgery. Both were resolved with an enterectomy of the original surgical site. CONCLUSION Unidirectional barbed suture was not associated with a risk of leakage or dehiscence after gastrointestinal surgery in dogs and cats. However, strictures may develop in the long term. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Unidirectional barbed sutures can be used during gastrointestinal surgery in client-owned dogs and cats. Further investigation of the role of unidirectional barbed sutures leading to abscess, fibrosis, or stricture is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Monnet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Froidefond B, Moinard M, Caron A. Outcomes for 15 cats with bilateral sacroiliac luxation treated with transiliosacral toggle suture repair. Vet Surg 2023; 52:983-993. [PMID: 37551960 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a surgical technique and outcomes of transiliosacral toggle suture repair to treat feline bilateral sacroiliac luxation/fracture (SILF). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Fifteen client-owned cats. METHODS The medical records of cats with bilateral SILF treated using a transiliosacral toggle suture repair were reviewed. Short- and medium-term outcomes were assessed through standard postoperative clinical evaluation and radiographs, including measurements of angle of deviation (AoD), percentage of reduction (PoR), and pelvic canal width ratio (PCWR). Long-term functional follow up was obtained from a questionnaire derived from the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI). RESULTS Fifteen cats were enrolled retrospectively, among which 13 survived to discharge. One minor wound complication, treated by secondary intention healing, was encountered. No major complication was reported. Immediately postoperatively, the mean absolute PoR values were 88.1 ± 11.2% and 91 ± 11.6% on the right and left side, respectively. The mean absolute AoD was 3.1 ± 2.8°, and the mean PCWR was 1.24 ± 0.08. The medium-term radiographic follow up at a median of 205 (71-682) days postsurgery revealed the good stability of the repair. Excellent functional outcomes were identified upon the analysis of 12 long-term questionnaires at a median of 365 (119-798) days postsurgery. CONCLUSION Anatomic reduction was satisfactory and comparable with previously described techniques with good implant placement documented. Functional outcomes based on FMPI-derived questionnaires were good to excellent in our population. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Transiliosacral toggle suture stabilization of bilateral SILF was associated with good outcomes in cats. Further studies are required to compare biomechanical properties and outcomes between this technique and previously described transiliosacral stabilization.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lu HY, Wright TF. Evaluation of complications and long-term outcomes associated with 101 dogs and cats discharged with and without subcutaneous active closed-suction drains (2014-2022). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1510-1517. [PMID: 37330225 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.03.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate complications reported in dogs and cats with a closed suction subcutaneous drain that were either managed completely in hospital (Group ND) or discharged home for ongoing outpatient care (Group D). ANIMALS 101 client-owned animals involving 94 dogs and 7 cats with a subcutaneous closed suction drain placed during a surgical procedure. PROCEDURES Electronic medical records (January 2014 to December 2022) were reviewed. Signalment, reason for drain placement, surgical procedure, location and duration of drain placement, drain discharge status, antimicrobial usage, culture and sensitivity results, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Associations among variables were evaluated. RESULTS There were 77 animals in Group D and 24 animals in Group ND. Majority (n = 21/26) of complications were classified as minor and were all from Group D. Length of hospitalization in Group D (1 day) was significantly shorter than Group ND (3.25 days). Duration of drain placement was significantly longer in Group D (5.6 days) than Group ND (3.1 days). There were no associations between drain location, drain duration, or surgical site contamination with risk of complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a higher risk of complications associated with discharging an animal from hospital (37%) with a subcutaneous closed suction drain than removing it prior to discharge (4%). These complications, however, were primarily minor and easily managed. Discharging an otherwise stable animal to home with a subcutaneous closed suction drain may be feasible to decrease duration of hospitalization, cost to the owner, and stress for the animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu Lu
- 1Toronto Animal Health Partners Specialty and Emergency Hospital, North York, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya F Wright
- 2Boundary Bay Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Surrey, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Slinkard PT, Anson A, Specchi S, Frau Tascon M, Muñiz-Moris L, Penninck D, Ondreka NE. Imaging features of renal ectopia and fusion in 13 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231196810. [PMID: 37791875 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231196810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY A retrospective multicenter case series of renal fusion anomalies in cats was investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging characteristics (radiography, ultrasonography and CT) of renal ectopia and fusion in cats. A total of 13 feline patients (median age 9 years) were included in this multicentric retrospective study. Ultrasound was available in 12/13 cases, radiographs in 4/13 cases and CT in 3/13 cases. Of the 13 cases, seven were left to right fusions, four were right to left fusions, one was on the midline and one was in the pelvic inlet. Adopting a human classification system, there were five lump kidneys, four disc kidneys, one horseshoe kidney, one caudal ectopia, one L-shaped kidney and one pelvic kidney. In 2/13 cases, additional congenital malformations were noted, including an azygous continuation of the caudal vena cava and a peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION This study provides further description of the imaging findings in feline patients with fused renal ectopia. The morphologic characteristics of the fused kidneys in cats appear similar to what is published in the human literature. Renal fusion might be an incidental finding in cats, but further investigations are necessary to determine their clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Powell T Slinkard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Augstina Anson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Swan Specchi
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi Anicura Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Frau Tascon
- Fundació Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dominique Penninck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Nele Eley Ondreka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic-Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|