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Zhang X, Mei C, Liang Z, Zhi Y, Xu H, Wang H, Dong H. Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of mammary carcinoma cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:57-69. [PMID: 38081660 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mammary tumour is the most common type of tumour in dogs, especially in unneutered female dogs. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that can be used to treat various types of human tumour. However, the inhibitory effect and mechanism of HHT on canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of HHT on CMC in vitro and determine its underlying molecular mechanism. The effects of HHT on the cytotoxicity of CMC U27 cells were evaluated by the cell counting kit-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. HHT-induced apoptosis of U27 cells was detected by JC-1 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expression of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and mitochondrial apoptosis proteins were determined by western blotting. Furthermore, mammary tumour-bearing mouse models were established using 4T1 cells to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HHT. It was found that HHT could significantly down-regulated the protein expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, and Bcl-2, and up-regulated the protein expression of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. In addition, HHT significantly suppressed both tumour volume and mass in mammary tumour mice. In conclusion, HHT damages CMC cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. Such findings lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of CMC and provide more options for clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixuan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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FUJIMOTO N, TANIGUCHI Y, SONODA H, KANEKO Y, MATSUZAKI T, ITOH T, HIRAI T, UCHIDA K, IKEDA M. Expression patterns of aquaporins 1, 3, 5 in canine mammary gland carcinomas. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:168-179. [PMID: 38123327 PMCID: PMC10898980 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins, and the expression of AQPs in carcinoma cells has received much attention over the last 15 years. In the veterinary field, however, little is known about the expression of AQPs. In the present study using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 in canine mammary gland carcinomas. The 27 samples comprised 10 grade I, 12 grade II, and 5 grade III samples (See Materials and Methods section for grade classification method). AQP1 was expressed in only 2 of the grade III carcinomas, and the expression was limited to spindle-shaped cells in the solid structure and on the outside of the solid mass. AQP3-positive cells were observed in 20 of 22 grade I and II samples. On the other hand, among grade III carcinomas, AQP3 was expressed only in spindle-shaped cells in 1 sample. AQP5 was expressed in all grade I and II carcinomas but not in the grade III tumors. In addition, enhanced expression of basolateral AQP3 and apical AQP5 was observed in lobular hyperplastic cells. These results suggest that the expression patterns of AQP3 and AQP5 can be of help for judging the grading of canine mammary tumors and that AQP1 is likely to be involved in metastasis. Moreover, AQP3 and AQP5 might be relevant to lactation in female dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruki FUJIMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of
Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki TANIGUCHI
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of
Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroko SONODA
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of
Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki KANEKO
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Miyazaki,
Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki MATSUZAKI
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University
Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Teruo ITOH
- Division of Animal Medical Research, Hassen-kai, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Takuya HIRAI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki,
Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of
Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro IKEDA
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of
Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Rösch S, Woitas J, Neumann S, Alef M, Kiefer I, Oechtering G. Diagnostic benefits of platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and albumin-to-globulin ratios in dogs with nasal cavity diseases. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:44. [PMID: 38310231 PMCID: PMC10837884 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multimodal approach for diagnostic tests under anesthesia is required to diagnose nasal cavity pathology (NP) reliably in dogs. Blood test results may provide clues to the suspected NP. METHODS This prospective blinded study assessed 72 dogs with chronic nasal discharge due to NPs, and 10 healthy dogs as the control group (CG). NPs were diagnosed using whole-body computed tomography (CT), upper airway endoscopy, examination of nasal mucosal swabs by bacterial and fungal culture, and histopathological examination of nasal mucosa biopsies. The exclusion criteria were the presence of any additional diseases or corticosteroid pre-treatment. In consideration of these exclusion criteria, 55 dogs entered the study. Dogs were classified into benign (benign tumors, idiopathic rhinitis (IR), and others) and malignant (carcinomas and sarcomas) NP groups. Blood count and blood chemistry tests were performed. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) were calculated and compared. RESULTS 25 dogs with malignant NP (13 and 12 with carcinomas and sarcomas, respectively) and 30 dogs with benign NP (seven with benign tumors,13 with IR, and 10 others) were included. In general, in dogs with NP there were only slight abnormalities in complete blood count. However, PLR was significantly higher in dogs with malignant NP (carcinoma and sarcoma) than in those with benign NP and in the CG. Compared with the CG, the NLR was significantly increased in all dogs with NP, and the AGR was mild but significantly lower, except in dogs with sarcomas and benign tumors. CONCLUSIONS In dogs with nasal disease alone, there are usually no marked abnormalities in blood count. However, while mildly increased NLR and decreased AGR can be observed in almost all NPs, an increased PLR may indicate a malignant NP and can be used as an additional screening tool in dogs with nasal discharge due to nasal cavity pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rösch
- Small Animal Department, ENT-Unit, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, Leipzig, SN, DE- 04103, Germany.
- Current affiliation: Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, Hannover, NI, DE-30559, Germany.
| | - Julia Woitas
- Small Animal Department, ENT-Unit, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, Leipzig, SN, DE- 04103, Germany
| | - Stephan Neumann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, Goettingen, NI, DE-37077, Germany
| | - Michaele Alef
- Small Animal Department, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, Leipzig, SN, DE-04103, Germany
| | - Ingmar Kiefer
- Small Animal Department, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, Leipzig, SN, DE-04103, Germany
| | - Gerhard Oechtering
- Small Animal Department, ENT-Unit, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, Leipzig, SN, DE- 04103, Germany.
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Wetzel S, Fidel J, Whittington D, Villarino NF. A pilot study investigating plasma pharmacokinetics and tolerance of oral capecitabine in carcinoma-bearing dogs. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:36. [PMID: 38297307 PMCID: PMC10829176 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of the active metabolite 5-fluorouracil, which has been used effectively in human colorectal, head and neck, and mammary carcinomas. Capecitabine has several properties that make it an attractive treatment option for dogs: (i) it is relatively inexpensive, (ii) it has a short half-life in humans, allowing for rapid plasma concentration changes to be achieved with dosage adjustments, (iii) it is effective for treating carcinomas in humans, for which there are no widely-effective oral chemotherapy options in dogs, and (iv) it is thought to preferentially target cancer cells due to different expression of thymidine phosphorylase, thereby decreasing the risk of off-target side effects. However, capecitabine has not been widely explored as a chemotherapy agent for dogs. The goal of this study was to determine the plasma disposition of capecitabine in dogs following a single oral dose and to document any adverse events associated with capecitabine administration over the course of 5 weeks. RESULTS Capecitabine was well tolerated throughout the 5-week study period when administered to 5 dogs with naturally occurring carcinomas at 750 mg/m[Formula: see text] by mouth once daily for 14 consecutive days in a 3-week cycle. No dogs withdrew from the study due to adverse events or other causes. The median AUC[Formula: see text] was 890 h[Formula: see text]ng/ml (range 750-1100 h[Formula: see text]ng/ml); however, the maximum blood concentration and time to reach that concentration of capecitabine was highly variable after a single dose. CONCLUSIONS Capecitabine appears well-tolerated as an oral chemotherapy agent for dogs with carcinomas, although individualized dosing may be necessary, and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wetzel
- Previously affiliated with the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
- Currently associated with SASH (Small Animal Specialist Hospital), North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
| | - Janean Fidel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Nicolas F Villarino
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Jacob F. Fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration of deep-seated pulmonary masses in dogs and cats appears safe and accurate. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-7. [PMID: 37922706 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.07.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep-seated pulmonary lesions can be difficult to sample safely. The objective of this study was to determine the relative safety and accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration of deep-seated pulmonary lesions regardless of their size and depth. ANIMALS Client-owned animals; 5 dogs and 5 cats. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Pulmonary lesion locations were determined on dorsoventral and lateral views using fluoroscopy. The lateral thoracic wall was aseptically scrubbed, and an indelible marker was used to mark the point of entry of the needle for sampling. The path of a 22-gauge needle attached to a syringe was followed using fluoroscopic guidance. Mass volume (Vma) and distance from skin and pleura to lesion (DSK-L and DPL-L) were recorded. RESULTS In dogs, mean Vma was 137.2 cm3 (range, 6.3 to 426.2 cm3). Mean DSK-L was 71 mm (range, 37 to 101 mm) and DPL-L was 33 mm (range, 16 to 71 mm). Exfoliative cytology results were consistent with carcinoma in 4 dogs and lymphoma in 1 dog. A minor postprocedural complication was noted in 1 dog. In cats, the mean Vma was 2.4 cm3 (range, 1.6 to 3.7 cm3). Mean DSK-L was 42 mm (range, 20 to 75 mm) and DPL-L was 21 mm (range, 12 to 32 mm). Cytology results were consistent with pulmonary carcinoma in 2 cats, inflammation in 2 cats, and necrotic debris in 1 cat. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration of pulmonary masses is a safe and accurate technique to obtain cytologic samples irrespective of the size and depth of the lesions.
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O'Day J, Seelig D, Emanuelli M, Heinrich D. Characterization of alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry in canine neoplastic and non-neoplastic pulmonary mass aspirates. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:661-669. [PMID: 37528057 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing primary and secondary pulmonary neoplasms can be challenging via cytology, and a rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tool to differentiate these neoplasms is unavailable. Alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry (ALP-CC) has been used to identify primary pulmonary carcinomas in human patients, and we hypothesized it could be applied to canine lung aspirates. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize ALP-CC expression in fine-needle aspirate (FNA) samples of canine pulmonary neoplastic and non-neoplastic tumors. METHODS A retrospective case search was conducted to identify cases with contemporaneous cytology and histopathology reports from pulmonary lesions, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic etiologies. Slides prepared from pulmonary aspirates were stained for ALP-CC activity, and the percentage of ALP-CC-positive primary pulmonary epithelial tumors was determined. To characterize the ALP-CC expression in non-neoplastic cellular constituents of pulmonary FNA samples, mesothelial cells were also evaluated. RESULTS Forty-eight canine cases met the inclusion criteria. ALP-CC-positive cells were seen in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. In non-neoplastic lesions, pulmonary epithelial cells were ALP-CC positive. Eighty-nine percent of primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms were ALP-CC positive, and no ALP-CC positivity was noted in mesothelial cells. ALP-CC-positive neoplastic cells were seen in a metastatic amelanotic melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms are frequently ALP-CC positive, but such positivity is not restricted to this tumor type. Non-neoplastic pulmonary epithelial cells can be ALP-CC positive, whereas mesothelial cells are negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack O'Day
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Davis Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mauren Emanuelli
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniel Heinrich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Hansen KS, Li CF, Théon AP, Kent MS. Stereotactic radiotherapy outcomes for intraventricular brain tumours in 11 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:665-672. [PMID: 37604645 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Published radiotherapy data for canine intraventricular tumours are limited. In this retrospective, longitudinal study (9/2011-2018), 11 dogs with intraventricular masses were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Pathologic diagnosis was available from surgery or necropsy in 6/11 cases, revealing choroid plexus papilloma (3) or carcinoma (2), and ependymoma (1). The remainder were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-diagnosed as suspected choroid tumours or ependymomas. Tumours were located in the third or lateral ventricle (8), fourth ventricle (2), and cerebellopontine angle (1). Surgery was performed in three dogs prior to radiotherapy, and all showed gross residual/recurrent disease at treatment. Dogs received 8 Gray × 3 fractions (7), or 15 Gray × 1 fraction (4). Ten dogs were deceased at analysis, and one was living. The estimated median overall survival time (OS) from first SRT treatment was 16.9 months (515 days, 95% CI 33-1593 days). The survival time for two pathology-diagnosed carcinoma dogs were 24 and 133 days, respectively, and survival time for dogs with moderate to marked ventriculomegaly (4/11) ranged from 24 to 113 days. A total of 10/11 showed clinical improvement per owner or clinician, but two had short-lived benefits and were euthanized within 6 weeks of SRT. Limited conclusions on radiation-specific complications are possible due to the small dataset and limited follow-up imaging. This study provides preliminary evidence that radiotherapy outcomes are variable with intraventricular tumours, and some long-term survivors are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sarah Hansen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chai Fei Li
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alain Pierre Théon
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael Sean Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Martin TW, LaRue SM, Griffin L, Leary D, Boss MK. Retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of confirmed or suspected primary pulmonary carcinomas in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:656-664. [PMID: 37620018 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PCCs) are commonly treated with surgery with overall median survival times (MST) around a year; however, due to extent of disease, prognosis, or client preference, alternative treatments have been considered. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been utilized in human cancer patients for local control of lung tumours as a surgical alternative. Twenty-one PCCs in 19 dogs that received SBRT for local control were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were staged according to the canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) system with three as Stage 1, five as Stage 2, three as Stage 3, and eight as Stage 4. Overall MST was 343 days with 38% of patients alive at 1 year. Stage did not significantly impact survival time (p = .72). Five (26%) dogs had lymphadenopathy and MST was not significantly different from dogs without lymphadenopathy (343 vs. 353 days; p = .54). Five out of 18 evaluable dogs (28%) experienced acute lung VRTOG effects and 2 of 12 dogs (17%) experienced late lung VRTOG effects. Median lung dose, V5, V20, and D30 to the lung did not correlate significantly with the development of adverse radiation events. Twelve dogs had follow-up imaging and the best response included a complete response (17%), partial response (42%), and stable disease (42%). Progressive disease was noted in seven dogs a median of 229 days after SBRT. SBRT was documented to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery and may have survival advantages for Stage 3 or 4 dogs according to the CLCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wormhoudt Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Griffin
- VCA Canada Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, USA
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Koo H, Lee S, Kim WH. Usability of serum hedgehog signalling proteins as biomarkers in canine mammary carcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:231. [PMID: 37932728 PMCID: PMC10626804 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hedgehog signalling pathway has been implicated in tumourigenesis and progression of many tumour types. This pathway has recently emerged as a therapeutic target, and inhibitors of hedgehog signalling have gained considerable attention. In dogs, the roles of hedgehog signals in several types of tumours have been investigated, but their relationship with canine mammary gland tumours (MGTs) has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI-1) in the serum and mammary tumour tissues of dogs. RESULTS SHH and GLI-1 protein expression levels were significantly higher in MGT tissues than in normal mammary gland tissues, as well as in malignant MGT specimens than in benign MGT specimens. Serum levels of SHH and GLI-1 were higher in MGT patients than in healthy controls (p < .001 and .001, respectively). Serum SHH level showed a statistically significant relationship with metastatic status (p = .01), and serum GLI-1 level showed a statistically significant relationship with histologic grade (p = 0.048) and metastatic status (p = 0.007). Serum hedgehog signalling protein levels were not significantly associated with breed size, sex, tumour size, or histologic type. CONCLUSIONS Hedgehog signalling protein expression in canine MGT tissue and serum differed according to the histological classification (benign and malignant) and metastatic status, indicating a relationship between the hedgehog signalling pathway and canine MGT. Thus, the hedgehog signalling pathway may serve as a new biomarker and therapeutic target in canine MGT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Koo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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da Silva Soares E, Rocha CC, Valente FL, Dos Anjos LRA, de Oliveira FLD, de Oliveira Loures C, Rocha PT, Castro VR, Sarandy TB, Borges APB. Platelet count and MCHC as independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105024. [PMID: 37827061 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammary neoplasms are common in felines species and represent a significant disease for its unfavorable prognosis. Changes in the blood count and serum biochemical profile of these patients have potential as non-invasive prognostic markers prior to mastectomy, however, they are poorly described in literature. In this study univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using these factors to determine the effect of each parameter on the one-year survival time after the surgical procedure in these animals. The median overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) were 365 and 242 days, respectively. In univariate analysis, values within the reference range of monocyte, platelet and creatinine counts were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS and only creatinine was significant for DFS (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, platelets and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remained independent prognostic factors for OS. The results presented suggest that monocytes, platelets and creatinine may be important non-invasive pre-surgical prognostic markers, and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas (FMC). The correlation between such alterations is of important relevance for veterinary oncology, and prospective studies are needed to validate their clinical use and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for FMC. The results found in this study can also be studied in human medicine, regarding blood markers in human breast cancer (HBC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pâmela Thalita Rocha
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Inanaga M, Yoneji W, Ozaki K. Localized pleural mesothelioma in a dog. J Comp Pathol 2023; 207:25-29. [PMID: 37922825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas with localized growth are extremely rare in dogs. A 9-year-old male dog presented with a localized tumour that originated from the parietal pleura and had polypoid growth in the thoracic cavity. Histological examination revealed that the tumour consisted of tubular formations with scattered cysts and minimal papillary growth pattern. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for mesothelial markers (calretinin and Wilms' tumour gene 1) and negative for carcinoma markers (thyroid transcription factor 1 and tumour protein 63). The animal was alive with no recurrence or metastasis/dissemination 11 months after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a localized mesothelioma in a dog without metastasis/dissemination and highlights the value of mesothelial markers for an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Inanaga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohgecho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Wakana Yoneji
- Nara Animal Referral Clinic, 5-20-7 Mitsugarasu, Nara 631-0061, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ozaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohgecho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
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Łopuszyński W, Brzana A, Szczubiał M, Bulak K, Śmiech A. Topoisomerase IIα immunoexpression in feline mammary carcinomas: A correlation with Ki67 immunoexpression and the mitotic count. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:104992. [PMID: 37657395 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of topoisomerase IIα protein (Topo IIα) with Ki67 expression and mitotic count in feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs). Topo IIα is considered as a proliferation indicator as well as a molecular target of anthracycline chemotherapy. The studied material included 70 FMCs from female cats treated with mastectomy. Primary mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against Topo IIα and Ki67 were used in immunohistochemical reactions. The number of mitotic figures was counted at 400× magnification in a field of 2.37 mm2. Immunohistochemical reaction for Topo IIα occurred in cell nuclei. The Topo IIα index ranged from 6.12% to 54.60% and was positively correlated with the values of the Ki67 index (r = 0.7193) and the mitotic count (r = 0. 2858). This indicates the potential possibility of use of the immunohistochemical expression of Topo IIα to assess the rate of proliferation in FMCs. The wide range of expression of Topo IIα in individual tumorus found in the conducted studies allows us to hypothesize that its assessment could be used as a predictive marker in chemotherapy of FMCs with the use of anthracyclines. However, this requires confirmation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łopuszyński
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Brzana
- Regional Veterinary Inspectorate in Opole, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Opole, Poland
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Bulak
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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13
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Matsumoto K, Kishimoto TE, Yamamoto M, Michishita M, Takahashi K, Yoshimura H. Apocrine carcinoma-and-malignant myoepithelioma in a dog: a case of simultaneous malignant progression of both luminal epithelium and myoepithelium. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:789-794. [PMID: 37786275 PMCID: PMC10621541 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231202529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 9-y-old male Boxer dog developed a mandibular skin tumor, which histologically had a locally invasive growth pattern composed of bilayered structures of inner eosinophilic cuboidal tumor cells and outer clear polygonal tumor cells with cytoplasm containing glycogen granules. Both cell populations gradually changed from low-grade morphologic features to highly anaplastic ones. Immunohistochemically, the eosinophilic tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 8, a useful marker for luminal epithelial cells. In contrast, the clear tumor cells expressed several myoepithelial markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, p63, and cytokeratin 14. Based on these histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, we diagnosed this apocrine sweat gland tumor as a carcinoma-and-malignant myoepithelioma with high-grade transformation of both luminal and myoepithelial cells. Our case may be a helpful reference for the histogenesis of carcinoma-and-malignant myoepithelioma, in which both the luminal epithelial and myoepithelial components are malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Evan Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Tokyo, Japan
- Fujifilm Vet Systems, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Beggan CP, Quinn GC, D'Amours GH. Mammary tubulopapillary carcinoma in a mare, requiring bilateral mastectomy. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:344-347. [PMID: 37648243 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2246932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Beggan
- Waikato Equine Veterinary Centre, Cambridge, New Zealand
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - G C Quinn
- Waikato Equine Veterinary Centre, Cambridge, New Zealand
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15
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Abbate JM, Arfuso F, Riolo K, Giudice E, Brunetti B, Lanteri G. Upregulation of miR-21 and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-6 and TNF-α in promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment in canine mammary carcinomas. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105014. [PMID: 37741040 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in canine mammary tumors (CMTs), and correlated them with gene expression of miRNAs expected to regulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, gene expression of cytokines and miRNAs involved in tumor cell proliferation and invasion (i.e. miR-21; miR-124; miR-145) were correlated with tumor proliferation index (Ki67 index) to determine the prognostic value in CMTs. Twenty-six canine mammary samples were used, including 22 CMTs and 4 control samples. MiR-21, IL-6 and TNF-α were upregulated in mammary carcinomas compared with controls (p < 0.05). MiR-146b was downregulated in CMTs compared with control cases (p < 0.05). IL-6 expression showed a significant positive correlation with miR-21 and a negative correlation with miR-146b; while, TNF-α gene expression was positively correlated with miR-21 and miR-145 in mammary carcinomas. In carcinomas, the Ki67 index correlated positively with gene expression of IL-6 and miR-21 and negatively correlated with miR-145 and miR-146b. Specifically, gene expression of IL-6 and miR-21 was positively correlated with ki67 index >33.3%, whereas, expression of miR-145 and miR-146b was negatively correlated with ki67 index <33.3%. Results reinforce the concept of interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells within the TME, with a central role of IL-6 and TNF-α. Since the upregulation of miR-21 reflects the gene overexpression of interleukins and the high proliferation index of tumor cells, this miRNA may be considered a biomarker with prognostic value in CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maria Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Kristian Riolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
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16
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KIM H, LEE S, CHO S, KIM K, EOM K, KIM J. Abdominal hernia as a rare manifestation of feline mammary gland carcinoma: a case report. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1116-1120. [PMID: 37661431 PMCID: PMC10600535 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 15-year-old, spayed female, Scottish Straight cat without any traumatic history was presented with swollen abdomen and diagnosed as an abdominal wall hernia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed thickened, irregular, and hypoechoic change of abdominal wall muscle adjacent to defect. During the herniorrhaphy, multiple nodules were identified in the subcutaneous tissue around the defect. Histological examination of the nodular tissue was performed, and it was confirmed as mammary gland tumor. After the surgery, metastatic changes of the pancreas were identified, and pleural effusion and ascites were also confirmed. The patient deteriorated rapidly and died 78 days after the surgery. This is the first case presenting abdominal wall hernia induced by malignant tumor in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon KIM
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Kihoon KIM
- DR.DOG Animal Medical Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kidong EOM
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehwan KIM
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Szczubiał M, Łopuszyński W, Dąbrowski R, Jamioł M, Bochniarz M, Brodzki P. Plasma levels of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 in female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumours without and with metastases. Pol J Vet Sci 2023; 26:385-392. [PMID: 37727066 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 in female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumours without and with metastases. The concentrations of CCL2 and CXCL12 were determined in 25 female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumours (15 without metastases and 10 with metastases) and 10 healthy control animals using a specific canine ELISA assay. The mean plasma concentrations of CCL2 and CXCL12 were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the metastatic group compared to the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of these chemokines were markedly higher in the dogs with metastases than in those without metastases; however, a statistically significant difference was not found. The concentrations of both tested chemokines were numerically increased in the dogs with grade 2 and grade 3 carcinomas compared to the dogs with grade 1 carcinomas but the differences did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrate that plasma concentrations of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 are significantly increased in the dogs with metastatic malignant mammary gland tumours compared to the healthy dogs and show an upward trend compared to those without metastases. However, clarifying whether the increase of these chemokines is a cause or an effect of metastasis in female dogs with malignant mammary gland tumours as well as their potential role in metastatic process requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - W Łopuszyński
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - R Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Jamioł
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - P Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Frezoulis PS, Urraca C, Altuzarra R, Berman K, Ives E. Choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal carcinomatosis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:595. [PMID: 36967665 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P S Frezoulis
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - C Urraca
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - R Altuzarra
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - K Berman
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Horner Court, 637 Gloucester Road, Horfield, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - E Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
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19
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Martí-García B, Priestnall SL, Holmes E, Suárez-Bonnet A. Olfactory neuroblastoma in a domestic cat and review of the literature. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:521-526. [PMID: 37468966 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Nasal tumors account for less than 10% of all feline neoplasms, with lymphoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, the most commonly reported. Nasal neuroectodermal tumors, including olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), are scarcely described, and their tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Here we report the cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features of a feline ONB. We also provide a pathological review of nasal neuroendocrine neoplasms in cats. A 7-year-old Burmese cat was evaluated for sneezing, occasional epistaxis, and upper respiratory noise for 8 months. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a 7 × 5 × 3 mm irregular mass effacing and expanding the nasal cavity, which extended to the nasopharynx. Cytologically, neoplastic cells were round to polygonal and had a round nucleus with finely stippled chromatin, a single small nucleolus, and abundant pale blue cytoplasm, which contained abundant fine pale pink granules. They exhibited mild cellular atypia, anisocytosis, and mild to occasionally moderate anisokaryosis. Rhinoscopic biopsies revealed a densely cellular, malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm. Cells were arranged in densely packed trabeculae and formed Homer Wright and Flexner-Wintersteiner-like rosettes, with rare mitotic figures and scant supportive fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, COX-2, and beta-tubulin and negative for S-100, chromogranin A, CD117, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). An ONB was diagnosed based on histological and immunohistochemical findings. Interestingly, and similar to nasal carcinomas, neoplastic cells diffusely neo-expressed COX-2. To the authors' knowledge, there is no previous evidence of COX-2 in feline ONB. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are required for a definitive diagnosis of ONB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Martí-García
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Emma Holmes
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
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20
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Wang J, Li M, Li M. Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain induces apoptosis and activates the TNFα/NF-κB pathway in canine mammary carcinoma cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:520-532. [PMID: 37282822 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) have been widely considered a good research model for human breast cancers, which brings much attention to CMCs. In recent years, the oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on cancer cells has been widely studied, but its effect on CMCs is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the oncolytic effect of NDV LaSota strain on canine mammary carcinoma cell line (CMT-U27) in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro cytotoxicity and immunocytochemistry experiments showed that NDV selectively replicated in CMT-U27 cells, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration but not in MDCK cells. KEGG analysis of transcriptome sequencing indicated the importance of the TNFα and NF-κB signalling pathways in the anti-tumour effect of NDV. Subsequently, the significantly increased expression of TNFα, p65, phospho-p65, caspase-8, caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP proteins in the NDV group suggested that NDV induced CMT-U27 cells apoptosis by activating the caspase-8/caspase-3 pathway and the TNFα/NF-κB signalling pathway. Nude mice tumour-bearing experiments showed that NDV could significantly decrease the growth rate of CMC in vivo. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the effective oncolytic effects of NDV on CMT-U27 cells in vivo and in vitro, and suggests NDV as a promising candidate for oncolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqing Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Frénel JS, Nguyen F. Mammary carcinoma: Comparative oncology between small animals and humans-New therapeutic tools. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:102-108. [PMID: 37312625 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The poor outcomes associated with mammary carcinomas (MCs) in dogs and cats in terms of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and survival, highlight the need for better management of mammary cancers in small animals. By contrast, the outcomes of women with breast cancer (BC) have dramatically improved during the last 10 years, notably thanks to new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this article was to imagine what could be the future of therapy for dogs and cats with MCs if it became inspired from current practices in human BC. This article focuses on the importance of taking into account cancer stage and cancer subtypes in therapeutic plans, on locoregional treatments (surgery, radiation therapy), new developments in endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy. Ideally, multimodal treatment regimens would be chosen according to cancer stage and cancer subtypes, and according to predictive factors that are still to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Frénel
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Site René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Frédérique Nguyen
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- Oniris, Nantes, France
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22
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Pazzi P, Fosgate GT, Rixon A, Hanekom J, Kristensen AT, Goddard A. A prospective evaluation of the prevalence of thromboemboli and associated hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with carcinoma or sarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1848-1863. [PMID: 37548637 PMCID: PMC10473004 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the prevalence of thromboemboli and the associated hemostatic status in dogs with carcinoma or sarcoma is unknown and might allow earlier intervention. OBJECTIVES Estimate prevalence of thromboemboli and their association with hemostatic changes in dogs with carcinomas or sarcomas; estimate predictive values of hemostatic variables for thromboembolic disease in tumor-bearing dogs. ANIMALS Thirty-two dogs with sarcoma, 30 with carcinoma, 20 healthy age-controlled dogs. METHODS Prospective cross-sectional study. A hemostasis panel (platelet concentration, thromboelastography, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentration, factor X, VII and antithrombin activity) was performed in all dogs. Tumor-bearing dogs underwent complete post mortem and histopathological evaluation. Comparisons between healthy dogs and tumor-bearing dogs with and without intracavitary hemorrhage; and tumor-bearing dogs with and without microthrombi were analyzed. RESULTS Thromboembolic disease was identified in 32/62 (52%, 95% CI: 39%-65%) tumor-bearing dogs. Microthrombi were identified in 31/62 (50%, 95% CI: 37%-63%) dogs, 21/31 (68%, 95% CI: 49%-83%) had exclusively intra-tumoral microthrombi, 10/31 (32%, 95% CI: 17%-51%) had distant microthrombi. Macrothrombi were identified in 3 tumor-bearing dogs. Hemostatic changes potentially consistent with overt and non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation were identified in some tumor-bearing dogs. D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher (P = .02) and platelet concentration significantly lower (P = .03) in tumor-bearing dogs with microthrombi compared to tumor-bearing dogs without microthrombi. D-dimer concentration above 500 ng/mL was 80% sensitive and 41% specific for the prediction of microthrombi presence. CONCLUSION The high microthrombi prevalence and concomitant hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with carcinomas or sarcomas has not previously been reported, though the clinical importance is unknown. Increased D-dimer concentration might increase suspicion of microthrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Geoffrey T. Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Anouska Rixon
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Josef Hanekom
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Annemarie T. Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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23
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Fry LM, DenHerder J, Clyde GL, Williams LA, Schneider DA. Biphasic pleural mesothelioma in a goat. Can Vet J 2023; 64:828-832. [PMID: 37663018 PMCID: PMC10426257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
An 8-year-old Saanen goat doe was seen for inappetence, tachycardia, and intermittent bluish-grey discoloration of the oral mucous membranes. On physical examination, the goat was mildly tachypneic and tachycardic, with reduced sounds auscultated on the left side of the thorax. Euthanasia was elected. Necropsy revealed an infiltrative, multinodular mass within the left thoracic cavity and innumerable small, tan nodules disseminated across the pleura of the lungs, thoracic walls, and diaphragm. Upon histologic examination, the mass was composed of highly pleomorphic, fusiform to polygonal cells. Neoplastic cells exhibited positive immunoreactivity for both cytokeratin and vimentin, consistent with a diagnosis of biphasic pleural mesothelioma. Key clinical message: Mesothelioma has rarely been described in the goat but should be considered as a differential diagnosis for thoracic masses in small ruminants, along with thymoma; metastatic neoplasia; carcinomatosis; and granulomatous lesions caused by parasites, bacteria, and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Fry
- Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA (Fry, Schneider); Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Department (Fry, Williams, Schneider) and Office of the Campus Veterinarian (DenHerder, Clyde), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Johnathan DenHerder
- Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA (Fry, Schneider); Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Department (Fry, Williams, Schneider) and Office of the Campus Veterinarian (DenHerder, Clyde), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Gay Lynn Clyde
- Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA (Fry, Schneider); Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Department (Fry, Williams, Schneider) and Office of the Campus Veterinarian (DenHerder, Clyde), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Laura A Williams
- Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA (Fry, Schneider); Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Department (Fry, Williams, Schneider) and Office of the Campus Veterinarian (DenHerder, Clyde), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - David A Schneider
- Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA (Fry, Schneider); Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Department (Fry, Williams, Schneider) and Office of the Campus Veterinarian (DenHerder, Clyde), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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24
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McGrath AM, Cook MR, Yang C, Premanandan C, Lumbrezer-Johnson S, Hostnik ET, Lapsley J, Tremolada G, Selmic LE. Metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin in a dog. Can Vet J 2023; 64:833-838. [PMID: 37663020 PMCID: PMC10426243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is well-described in the human literature, it is not as well-understood within veterinary medicine. This case report represents one of few focused on describing CUP in a dog. Key clinical message: Metastatic CUP should be considered as a differential diagnosis despite being a rare disease entity that is infrequently reported within the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha M McGrath
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Matthew R Cook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Ching Yang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Christopher Premanandan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Sarah Lumbrezer-Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (McGrath, Cook, Lumbrezer-Johnson, Hostnik, Lapsley, Tremolada, Selmic) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Premanandan), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA (Yang)
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25
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Carisch L, Golini L, Schurna L, Bergamino C, Beckmann KM, Hilbe M, Asawapattanakul T, Baumgärtner W, Puff C, Wang‐Leandro A. Hypertensive nonobstructive hydrocephalus as main magnetic resonance imaging feature in a dog with disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1493-1500. [PMID: 37224288 PMCID: PMC10365043 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive or nonobstructive hypertensive hydrocephalus is reported in choroid plexus tumors. Choroid plexus tumors typically present as T2-weighted hyperintense intraventricular masses with occasional cerebrospinal fluid-drop metastasis. Acquired neoplastic nonobstructive hydrocephalus without visible mass lesion in magnetic resonance imaging is not reported in dogs. A 4.5-year-old Rhodesian Ridgeback presented with reduced mental status, unilaterally absent pupillary light reflex, and neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nonobstructive hydrocephalus and widened lumbar subarachnoid space with no evidence of a primary mass lesion. Postmortem examination confirmed a disseminated choroid plexus tumor affecting the ependyma and choroid plexi of all ventricles and the cerebral and lumbar subarachnoid space. Disseminated choroid plexus carcinomatosis should be considered as a possible cause of hypertensive hydrocephalus even in absence of a primary mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Carisch
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lorenzo Golini
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animals Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lea Schurna
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Chiara Bergamino
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrin M. Beckmann
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animals Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thanaporn Asawapattanakul
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
| | - Adriano Wang‐Leandro
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Clinic for Small AnimalsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHannoverGermany
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26
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Aziz Z, Washington MK, Jacobse J, Choksi Y. A method for scoring 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced murine esophageal squamous neoplasia. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:384-393. [PMID: 36726342 PMCID: PMC10150265 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A mouse model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is induced by oral administration of the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). There is not an objective method for determining histopathologic severity of disease in this model. We aim to create a clearly defined and easily applied scoring system that can quantify the severity of 4-NQO-induced murine ESCC. Fifteen wild-type C57BL/6J mice were treated with 4-NQO for 8 (n = 8) or 16 (n = 7) weeks, while the rest (n = 9) were treated with vehicle, as 8 weeks of 4-NQO typically results in dysplasia and 16 weeks in carcinoma. We identified histologic abnormalities of the esophagus in this model and developed metrics to grade severity of dysplasia, papillomas, and invasion. Scores were then calculated using quantitative digitized image analysis for measuring depth and extent of each feature within the entire sample. Each feature was also assigned a weight based on its relation to cancer severity. Histology scores were significantly different in the three groups, suggesting that this method can discriminate dysplasia from carcinoma. This model can be applied to any mouse treated with 4-NQO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaryab Aziz
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, TN
| | | | - Justin Jacobse
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, TN
- Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yash Choksi
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
Nashville, TN
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System,
Nashville, TN
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27
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Sabattini S, Faroni E, Zaccone R, Marconato L, Bettini G. Do "mastophages" hamper the histologic assessment of lymph node metastases in canine mast cell tumor? J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:927-928. [PMID: 36178250 PMCID: PMC9597344 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sabattini
- Silvia Sabattini, Department of
Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di
Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO) 40126, Italy.
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28
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Liu P, Lu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Xiong W, Sun J. Expression of tumour transcription factor GLI1 in canine mammary tumours tissue. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1451-1457. [PMID: 35667035 PMCID: PMC9297744 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary tumor is one of the most common diseases of canine in pet clinics. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the distribution and expression of the tumor transcription factor GLI1 and the downstream proteins, Bmi1 and Sox2, in canine mammary tumors and paracancerous tissues. METHODS Cancerous and paracancerous normal mammary tissues were detected using western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that the histopathology of different types in mammary tumors by microscopic observation. GLI1/Bmi1/Sox2 expression was significantly higher in canine mammary invasive carcinoma than in ductal carcinoma and adjacent normal mammary tissues (p < 0.01). The expression of GLI1 in invasive carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than Bmi1 and Sox2, while Sox2 expression in ductal carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than GLI1 and Bmi1 (p < 0.01). GLI1/Bmi1/Sox2 all showed positive reactions in both mammary tumor and adjacent normal mammary tissues with immunohistochemistry. GLI1 and Sox2 showed strong positive staining in the cytoplasm of invasive mammary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma cells, and weak positive staining in the nuclei. The positive Bmi1 reaction was mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm of invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma cells, while the positive reaction on the cell membrane was weak. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that GLI1 and related proteins play an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of tumors. Therefore, it provides important reference for the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of canine mammary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penggang Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of EducationYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhouChina
| | - Yurong Lu
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Xueli Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Wenbing Xiong
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of EducationYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
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29
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Amabebe E, Ogidi H, Anumba DO. Matrix metalloproteinase-induced cervical extracellular matrix remodelling in pregnancy and cervical cancer. Reprod Fertil 2022; 3:R177-R191. [PMID: 37931406 PMCID: PMC9422233 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The phenomenal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling of the cervix that precedes the myometrial contraction of labour at term or preterm appears to share some common mechanisms with the occurrence, growth, invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are pivotal to the complex extracellular tissue modulation that includes degradation, remodelling and exchange of ECM components, which contribute to homeostasis under normal physiological conditions such as cervical remodelling during pregnancy and puerperium. However, in cancer such as that of the uterine cervix, this extensive network of extracellular tissue modulation is altered leading to disrupted cell-cell and cell-basement membrane adhesion, abnormal tissue growth, neovascularization and metastasis that disrupt homeostasis. Cervical ECM remodelling during pregnancy and puerperium could be a physiological albeit benign neoplasm. In this review, we examined the pathophysiologic differences and similarities in the role of MMPs in cervical remodelling and cervical carcinoma. Lay summary During pregnancy and childbirth, the cervix, which is the barrel-shaped lower portion of the womb that connects to the vagina, gradually softens, shortens and opens to allow birth of the baby. This process requires structural and biochemical changes in the cervix that are stimulated by enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases. Interestingly, these enzymes also affect the structural and biochemical framework of the cervix during cervical cancer, although cervical cancers usually occur after infection by human papillomavirus. This review is intended to identify and explain the similarities and differences between the structural and chemical changes in the cervix during pregnancy and childbirth and the changes seen in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amabebe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Henry Ogidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Glan Clwyd Hospital North Wales, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Dilly O Anumba
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Hsu TC, Garner MM, Kiupel M. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization and molecular classification of spontaneous mammary gland tumors in macropods. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:433-441. [PMID: 35001750 PMCID: PMC10506399 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211069164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland neoplasms in macropods are uncommonly reported, and the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics are incompletely described. The goal of this study was to describe the morphologic features of macropod mammary neoplasms and to determine the molecular subtypes of mammary carcinomas using a panel of antibodies against estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2), p63, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Biopsy and necropsy specimens were examined from 21 macropods with mammary tumors submitted to Northwest ZooPath from 1996 to 2019. In accordance with the histologic classification of canine mammary tumors proposed by Goldschmidt and colleagues, tubulopapillary (2), tubular (10), and comedo-carcinomas (2), adenoma (1), lobular hyperplasia (3), fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (1), and mastitis (2) were diagnosed. Red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus) were most commonly diagnosed with mammary carcinomas (79% of all carcinomas). Seven carcinomas had lymphovascular invasion and 2 also had pulmonary metastases. Six of these 7 carcinomas were classified as grade 3. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for all antibodies was performed on 9/14 carcinomas, and partial IHC was performed for 3 cases. All 12 carcinomas were immunoreactive for PR, 5 for ER, 9 for EGFR, and none for Her-2. Five of the 9 mammary carcinomas with complete IHC data were classified as luminal A subtype, and 4 were normal-like subtype. Accurate classification of mammary tumors in macropods based on morphology, immunohistological characteristics, and molecular subtype may be helpful in guiding clinical management, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Chun Hsu
- Michigan State University, Lansing, MI
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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31
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Silva HDC, dos Reys MP, Cassali GD, Souza FR, Horta RDS, de Sena BV, Bindaco ALS, de Pinto ACJ, de Souza TD, Flecher MC. Secretory carcinoma of the canine mammary gland with nodal and bone metastases: case report. Open Vet J 2022; 12:502-507. [PMID: 36118721 PMCID: PMC9473362 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Secretory carcinoma is a rare histological type of breast neoplasm in humans and dogs that is characterized by the presence of intracellular and extracellular eosinophilic secretions. Case Description: In this case report, we describe the cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of secretory mammary carcinoma in a 10-year-old mixed-breed female dog with nodal and bone metastases. The bitch had a history of claudication and a mass in the left humeral scapular region, which revealed osteolysis of the proximal humerus on radiography. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous neoplastic cells arranged mostly in cohesive groups but sometimes isolated, that contained cytoplasmic vacuoles and had a moderate-to-high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio with frequent karyomegaly and evident nucleoli. Histologically, the neoplasm was organized in solid, tubular structures with luminal spaces filled with eosinophilic secretions and was composed of cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent vacuoles that pushed the nuclei to the periphery, resembling signet ring cells. The extracellular and intracytoplasmic material of the epithelial cells was positive for periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunoreactive for alpha-lactalbumin. Two chemotherapy sessions were performed, but 1 month after surgery, the clinical condition worsened, and euthanasia was elected, accounting for 133 days of survival after surgical removal of the tumor. Conclusion: The bitch presented with secretory mammary carcinoma with nodal and bone metastases, and histological and immunohistochemical characteristics were important for diagnosis. The morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this carcinoma were similar to those observed in humans. Mammary gland secretory carcinoma with bone metastasis must be included as a differential diagnosis among canine mammary gland carcinomas showing cellular morphological characteristics of intracytoplasmic vacuolization and eosinophilic secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rezende Souza
- Department of General Pathology, Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo dos Santos Horta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mayra Cunha Flecher
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
- Corresponding Author: Mayra C. Flecher. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil.
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32
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Cheney A, Woolcock AD, Mukhopadhyay A, Knapp D, Moore GE. Interleukin-6 and thrombopoietin concentrations in dogs with carcinoma with and without thrombocytosis. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:227-233. [PMID: 34881459 PMCID: PMC8783347 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma-associated thrombocytosis involves tumor production of mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and thrombopoietin (TPO) that increase thrombopoiesis and may play a role in tumor evasion and metastasis. Carcinoma-associated thrombocytosis is described in people, but has not been described in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Evaluate the concentrations of IL-6 and TPO in dogs diagnosed with carcinoma with or without thrombocytosis. We hypothesized that IL-6 and TPO concentrations would be higher in dogs with carcinoma compared to healthy dogs, and that IL-6 and TPO concentrations would be higher in dogs with carcinoma and thrombocytosis when compared to dogs with carcinoma and normal platelet counts. ANIMALS One-hundred sixteen dogs: 63 with carcinoma and 53 healthy control dogs. METHODS Complete blood count was performed in all dogs, and they were stratified for sub-group analysis based on the presence or absence of thrombocytosis (platelet count > 500 103/µL). Serum TPO and IL-6 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results of selected numeric variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests for pairwise comparisons. A value of P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Twelve of the dogs with carcinoma (12/63, 19.0%) and none of the healthy control dogs (0%) had thrombocytosis. Thrombopoietin concentrations (median [range]) were significantly higher in dogs with carcinoma when compared to controls (87.42 pg/mL [0 to >600] vs 15.99 pg/mL [0 to >600], P < .001). Interleukin-6 concentrations (median [range]) were not different between dogs with carcinoma and healthy control dogs (9.70 pg/mL [0-181.53] vs 3.03 pg/mL [0-280.77], P = .15). In dogs with carcinoma, the TPO and IL-6 concentrations were not different between dogs with thrombocytosis and dogs with normal platelet count. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Thrombopoietin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with carcinoma, regardless of platelet count. Thrombopoietin is likely to be 1 of multiple factors that can impact platelet number, production, and consumption in dogs with carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Cheney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Andrew D. Woolcock
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Deborah Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - George E. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Torrigiani F, Gelain ME, Cavicchioli L, Di Maggio R, Banzato T, Bonsembiante F. Undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma with hyaline bodies in a cat. Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:45. [PMID: 34809688 PMCID: PMC8607555 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary laryngeal neoplasms are rare in cats, with lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most commonly diagnosed tumour types. These tumours are usually highly aggressive, difficult to treat, and have a poor prognosis. Here an undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma with hyaline bodies in a cat is reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old cat was presented for progressive respiratory signs. Diagnostic procedures revealed a partially obstructive laryngeal mass. Cytology was compatible with a poorly differentiated malignant tumour, with neoplastic cells frequently containing large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. After 1 month the patient was euthanised due to a worsening clinical condition and submitted for post-mortem examination, which confirmed the presence of two laryngeal masses. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an undifferentiated neoplasm with marked features of malignancy. Strong immunolabelling for pancytokeratin led to a diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma, however, histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations could not elucidate the origin of the large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies observed in tumour cells, which appeared as non-membrane bound deposits of electron-dense material on transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSION This is the first report of primary undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma in a cat. Our case confirms the clinical features and the short survival that have been reported in other studies describing feline laryngeal tumours. Moreover, for the first time in feline literature, we describe the presence of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in neoplastic cells that were compatible with the so-called hyaline granules reported in different human cancers and also in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrigiani
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Maggio
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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Culp WTN, Johnson EG, Giuffrida MA, Palm CA, Skorupski KA, Burton JH, Rebhun RB, Willcox JL, Kent MS, Rodriguez CO, Glaiberman CB. Procedural description and prospective evaluation of short-term outcome for the use of prostatic artery embolization in dogs with carcinoma of the prostate. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1154-1162. [PMID: 34727073 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.06.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the procedure of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and to evaluate the short-term outcome for treated dogs. ANIMALS 20 client-owned dogs with prostatic carcinomas between May 2014 and July 2017. PROCEDURES In this prospective cohort study, dogs with carcinoma of the prostate underwent PAE with fluoroscopic guidance. Before and after PAE, dogs underwent CT and ultrasonographic examinations of the prostate, and each owner completed a questionnaire about the dog's clinical signs. Results for before versus after PAE were compared. RESULTS Prostatic artery embolization was successfully performed in all 20 dogs. Tenesmus, stranguria, and lethargy were significantly less common 30 days after PAE (n = 2, 1, and 0 dogs, respectively), compared with before PAE (9, 10, and 6 dogs, respectively). Median prostatic volume was significantly less 30 days after PAE (14.8 cm3; range, 0.4 to 48.1 cm3; interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range, 6.7 to 19.5 cm3), compared with before PAE (21.7 cm3; range, 2.9 to 77.7 cm3; interquartile range, 11.0 to 35.1 cm3). All dogs had a reduction in prostatic volume after PAE, with a median prostatic volume loss of 39.4% (95% CI, 20.3% to 59.3%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prostatic artery embolization was associated with decreased prostate volume and improved clinical signs in this cohort. The short-term response to PAE appears promising, and evaluation of the long-term impact on survival time is needed.
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35
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Gonçalves ADBB, de Pinho TCR, Toledo FAO, Balabram D, Ferreira E, Campos MRA, Cassali GD. Extracapsular extension and tumor implants in lymph nodes with canine mammary carcinoma metastasis: Study of the impact on survival. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:87-93. [PMID: 34265511 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regional lymph node status impacts survival in dogs with malignant mammary tumors. However, few studies have evaluated extracapsular extension and tumor implants in regional lymph node metastases in dogs with mammary carcinoma. Therefore, 84 cases of mammary carcinomas with metastases in inguinal and/or axillary lymph nodes from female dogs of different breeds and a total of 139 metastatic lymph nodes were evaluated by routine histological staining. Clinical and pathological characteristics of primary tumors as well as the presence of extracapsular extension and tumor implants in the lymph nodes were analyzed, in addition to survival. One to 5 lymph nodes were evaluated in each case. Extracapsular extension and tumor implants were present in 17.9% and 39.3% of cases, respectively. The simultaneous presence of extracapsular extension and tumor implants were associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 10.46). In addition, "special type carcinomas", high histological grade (grade III), and presence of extracapsular extension associated with tumor implants were related to a worse prognosis and shorter survival times (p < 0.05). Based on these results, we highlight the importance of identifying extracapsular extension and tumor implants in dogs with metastatic mammary carcinomas, as they are associated with a higher risk of death and shorter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D B B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - T C Reis de Pinho
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - F A O Toledo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - D Balabram
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena,190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - E Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - M R A Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - G D Cassali
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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SANO Y, SEKI K, MIYOSHI K, SAKAI T, KADOSAWA T, MATSUDA K. Mediastinal basaloid carcinoma arising from thymic cysts in two dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:876-880. [PMID: 33814518 PMCID: PMC8182321 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediastinal masses in dogs were diagnosed as basaloid carcinoma associated with multiple thymic cysts (MTCs). The masses were composed of MTCs and proliferating intracystic neoplastic basaloid cells, which immunohistochemically diffusely expressed p63 and cytokeratin 19. A gradual transition from the basal cell layers lining the cysts walls to the neoplastic cells was seen, and it was indicated that the neoplastic cells had originated from the basal cell layers of the cysts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of basaloid carcinoma occurring in the mediastinal cavity in dogs. Although these tumors were demonstrated to be rare origins, basaloid carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnoses for canine mediastinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto SANO
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501,
Japan
| | - Kanae SEKI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501,
Japan
| | - Kenjirou MIYOSHI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501,
Japan
| | - Toshikazu SAKAI
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501,
Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi KADOSAWA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501,
Japan
| | - Kazuya MATSUDA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501,
Japan
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Abstract
A large, firm, multi-cystic mammary gland mass grew slowly over 4 y in a 12-y-old, female Finn-Shetland cross sheep. A diagnosis of epithelial malignancy was suspected following fine-needle aspiration cytology at 30 mo after initial observation. The sheep was euthanized when the flock was downsized 18 mo later. A field postmortem examination revealed a large mammary mass, but an absence of metastases to internal organs. Imprint cytology of the mammary tissue supported a benign proliferative process. Histologically, mammary tissue was obliterated by cystic, tubular, and papillary adenomatous arrangements of mammary epithelium, with an anaplastic component, consistent with mammary carcinoma arising in an adenoma. IHC showed strong nuclear positivity to the antibody against progesterone receptor and minimal positivity to the antibody against estrogen receptor alpha expression. Intrinsic subtyping for basal or luminal epithelial origin was attempted through adaptation of companion animal IHC classification panels; high- and low-molecular-weight cytokeratins (CK5, CK8, CK18) failed to stain, but p63 expression for basal epithelium was positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley J. Newman
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY
| | - Stephen A. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology,
Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kurt Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology,
Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Pecile A, Groppetti D, Ferrari R, Grieco V, Giudice C, Spediacci C, Stefanello D, Boracchi P. Solitary and multiple simultaneous malignant epithelial mammary tumours in dogs: An explorative retrospective study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:153-161. [PMID: 33524825 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours represent a hard-prognostic task for veterinary clinicians. TNM staging and grading systems refer to a single tumour. Significant limits come to light when these systems are applied to multiple mammary tumours due to the arbitrary criterion in determining which single tumour is representative of the patient's prognosis. This study explored some clinical features of 50 dogs affected by at least one malignant mammary tumour. Clinical features and staging, together with histological classification and grading, have been related to disease-free survival (DFS) with the purpose to evaluate their impact on prognosis. The prognosis was worse in 10-11-year-old dogs (P < 0.05), in dogs affected by complex carcinoma (P < 0.05), and in patients assigned to Peña grade I (P < 0.05). The bodyweight was not linearly related to DFS (P < 0.01), and patients with a low number of neoformations (n ≤ 2) showed a better prognosis than dogs with 3-5 tumours (P < 0.05). Both the average and the total size of malignant tumours were related to DFS (P < 0.05). Dogs assigned with stage I had the best DFS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the Peña grade I alone would not seem to guarantee a favourable prognosis when applied to mammary tumours in dogs affected by multiple simultaneous presentations. Different characteristics, besides tumour grading, such as tumour immunophenotype and expression of hormonal receptors, could in the future, contribute to elucidate the clinical behaviour of multiple canine mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pecile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Groppetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C Spediacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanzetti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Lee BM, Clarke D, Watson M, Laver T. Retrospective evaluation of a modified human lung cancer stage classification in dogs with surgically excised primary pulmonary carcinomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:590-598. [PMID: 32115867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stage classification for canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PPC) was last updated in 1980. In people, the human lung cancer stage classification (HLCSC) (currently in its eighth edition) plays an integral role in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and is prognostic despite a heterogeneous population of tumours. The objective of this retrospective case study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of a canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) adapted from the HLCSC by removal of substage for ease of application to canine PPC. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. Medical records of 71 dogs with histologically confirmed PPC were reviewed. All dogs underwent surgical excision of the primary lung tumour. Primary tumour features (referring to T1-T4 stages) and TNM stages (1-4) were assigned using the CLCSC. Canine lung carcinoma stage was I (n = 7), II (n = 32), III (n = 24) and IV (n = 8). Median survival time was 952, 658, 158 and 52 days for stages I-IV, respectively. Primary tumour features (T1-T4), incomplete surgical excision, presence of lymph node metastasis and tumour grade were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival. Twenty-six dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy; however, no statistically significant benefit was found. The CLCSC primary tumour features and stage classification were highly prognostic for survival in dogs with PPC. We propose further application and evaluation of this update to canine PPC stage classification. Given the poor prognosis of advanced stage canine PPC, novel treatments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Lee
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dawn Clarke
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maegan Watson
- Blue Pearl Pet Hospital, Sandy Springs, Georgia, USA
| | - Travis Laver
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Stilwell JM, Anderson C, Kehoe S, Camus AC. Retrobulbar gangliocytoma and carcinoma of the corpuscles of Stannius in a pearl gourami, Trichopodus leerii (Bleeker, 1852). J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1473-1478. [PMID: 32851692 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Stilwell
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Spencer Kehoe
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Sammarco A, Finesso G, Zanetti R, Ferro S, Rasotto R, Caliari D, Goldschmidt MH, Orvieto E, Castagnaro M, Cavicchioli L, Zappulli V. Biphasic Feline Mammary Carcinomas Including Carcinoma and Malignant Myoepithelioma. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:377-387. [PMID: 32100640 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820908792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Feline mammary tumors are usually malignant and aggressive carcinomas. Most cases are simple monophasic carcinomas (1 epithelial population), and additional phenotyping is usually not needed. In this study, we describe 10 malignant mammary tumors from 9 female cats that had unusual histomorphology: they appeared biphasic, with 2 distinct cell populations. Initially, they were morphologically diagnosed as either carcinosarcoma (1/10) or malignant pleomorphic tumor (9/10) of the mammary gland, as the latter did not match any previously described histological subtype. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for pancytokeratin, cytokeratins 8 and 18, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratins 5 and 6, vimentin, p63, calponin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, Ki-67, ERBB2, estrogen receptor alpha, and progesterone receptor. In 7 of 10 cases, the biphasic nature was confirmed and, on the basis of the IHC results, they were classified as carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma (4/10), ductal carcinoma (1/10), and carcinosarcoma (2/10). The other 3 of 10 cases were monophasic based on IHC. In the cases of carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma, the malignant myoepithelial cells were 100% positive for vimentin (4/4) and variably positive for p63, calponin, and cytokeratins (4/4). These findings show that, although rare, biphasic mammary carcinomas do occur in cats. In dogs and humans, tumors composed of malignant epithelial and myoepithelial cells have a less aggressive behavior than certain simple carcinomas, and therefore, their identification might also be clinically significant in the cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Finesso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rossella Zanetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael H Goldschmidt
- Laboratory of Pathology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Orvieto
- Pathology Department ULSS5 Polesana, Viale Tre Martiri, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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Seim-Wikse T, Skancke E, Nødtvedt A, Jörundsson E, Grotmol T, Kristensen AT, Bjørnvad CR. Comparison of body condition score and other minimally invasive biomarkers between dogs with gastric carcinoma and dogs with chronic gastritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:226-235. [PMID: 30605380 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify minimally invasive biomarkers to help differentiate dogs with gastric carcinoma from those with chronic gastritis. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 15 dogs with gastric carcinoma, 29 dogs with chronic gastritis, and 7 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs with clinical signs of upper gastrointestinal tract disease for > 14 days that underwent gastroscopy or necropsy for collection of gastric biopsy specimens for histologic evaluation were prospectively enrolled. Gastric carcinoma and chronic gastritis were diagnosed on the basis of histologic findings. Additionally, gastric biopsy specimens were collected endoscopically from 7 healthy (control) dogs while they were anesthetized for a routine neutering procedure. Prior to being anesthetized for gastroscopy or euthanized, all dogs underwent a physical examination, and a blood sample was collected for quantification of select serum biomarker concentrations. Histologic findings, body condition score (BCS), and serum biomarker concentrations were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS Dogs with gastric carcinoma were significantly older and had a significantly lower BCS, lower serum folate concentration, and greater serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, compared with dogs with chronic gastritis and control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that age > 8 years, BCS < 4, serum CRP concentration > 25 mg/L, and an abnormally low serum folate concentration might be useful noninvasive biomarkers for identification of dogs with gastric carcinoma. For underweight older dogs with signs of upper gastrointestinal tract disease and high serum CRP and low serum folate concentrations, gastric biopsy specimens should be obtained and evaluated so that a prompt definitive diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.
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De Paolo M, Ng K, Peralta S, Fiani N. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:275-278. [PMID: 30020011 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Borlle L, Dergham A, Wund Z, Zumbo B, Southard T, Hume KR. Salinomycin decreases feline sarcoma and carcinoma cell viability when combined with doxorubicin. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:36. [PMID: 30678671 PMCID: PMC6346515 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a significant health threat in cats. Chemoresistance is prevalent in solid tumors. The ionophore salinomycin has anti-cancer properties and may work synergistically with chemotherapeutics. The purpose of our study was to determine if salinomycin could decrease cancer cell viability when combined with doxorubicin in feline sarcoma and carcinoma cells. RESULTS We established two new feline injection-site sarcoma cell lines, B4 and C10, and confirmed their tumorigenic potential in athymic nude mice. B4 was more resistant to doxorubicin than C10. Dose-dependent effects were not observed until 92 μM in B4 cells (p = 0.0006) vs. 9.2 μM (p = 0.0004) in C10 cells. Dose-dependent effects of salinomycin were observed at 15 μM in B4 cells (p = 0.025) and at 10 μM in C10 cells (p = 0.020). Doxorubicin plus 5 μM salinomycin decreased viability of B4 cells compared to either agent alone, but only at supra-pharmacological doxorubicin concentrations. However, doxorubicin plus 5 μM salinomycin decreased viability of C10 cells compared to either agent alone at doxorubicin concentrations that can be achieved in vivo (1.84 and 4.6 μM, p < 0.004). In SCCF1 cells, dose-dependent effects of doxorubicin and salinomycin were observed at 9.2 (p = 0.036) and 2.5 (p = 0.0049) μM, respectively. When doxorubicin was combined with either 1, 2.5, or 5 μM of salinomycin in SCCF1 cells, dose-dependent effects of doxorubicin were observed at 9.2 (p = 0.0021), 4.6 (p = 0.0042), and 1.84 (p = 0.0021) μM, respectively. Combination index calculations for doxorubicin plus 2.5 and 5 μM salinomycin in SCCF1 cells were 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have developed two new feline sarcoma cell lines that can be used to study chemoresistance. We observed that salinomycin may potentiate (C10 cells) or work synergistically (SCCF1 cells) with doxorubicin in certain feline cancer cells. Further research is indicated to understand the mechanism of action of salinomycin in feline cancer cells as well as potential tolerability and toxicity in normal feline tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Borlle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Cornell University College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Abdo Dergham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Zacharie Wund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Brittany Zumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Teresa Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Kelly R. Hume
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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45
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Lucidi CA, Shaffer KS, Rylander H, Fazio CG, Kuzma C, Friedrichs KR. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1277-1280. [PMID: 30398416 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.10.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Dedeaux AM, Langohr IM, Boudreaux BB. Long-term clinical control of feline pancreatic carcinoma with toceranib phosphate. Can Vet J 2018; 59:751-754. [PMID: 30026621 PMCID: PMC6005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a non-resectable abdominal mass diagnosed as carcinomatosis of pancreatic origin. Treatment with toceranib phosphate was started. Abdominal ultrasound approximately 1 year after diagnosis revealed progressive disease. The cat was humanely euthanized approximately 792 days after initial presentation due to progressive clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Dedeaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Dedeaux, Boudreaux) and the Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Langohr), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Dedeaux, Boudreaux) and the Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Langohr), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Bonnie B Boudreaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Dedeaux, Boudreaux) and the Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Langohr), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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47
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Wolfe HA, Thomason JD, Kumar P. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:1355-1357. [PMID: 29772972 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.11.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Hotke KM. Feline hepatobiliary neoplasia and mistaken age. Can Vet J 2018; 59:531-533. [PMID: 29904208 PMCID: PMC5901839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A cat, thought to be 5 years old, and with reduced appetite and weight loss, was presented for dental cleaning and extractions. Bile duct origin hepatic carcinoma was diagnosed. The progression of iris degeneration, dental disease, histological renal lesions, spondylosis, and hepatobiliary neoplasia suggest this cat was closer to 10 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hotke
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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49
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Gerke I, Kaup FJ, Neumann S. 26S proteasome and insulin-like growth factor-1 in serum of dogs suffering from malignant tumors. Can J Vet Res 2018; 82:115-123. [PMID: 29755191 PMCID: PMC5914081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies in humans have shown that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the insulin-like growth factor axis are involved in carcinogenesis, thus, components of these systems might be useful as prognostic markers and constitute potential therapeutic targets. In veterinary medicine, only a few studies exist on this topic. Here, serum concentrations of 26S proteasome (26SP) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured by canine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 43 dogs suffering from malignant tumors and 21 clinically normal dogs (control group). Relationships with tumor size, survival time, body condition score (BCS), and tumor entity were assessed. The median 26SP concentration in the tumor group was non-significantly higher than in the control group. However, dogs with mammary carcinomas displayed significantly increased 26SP levels compared to the control group and dogs with tumor size less than 5 cm showed significantly increased 26SP concentrations compared to dogs with larger tumors and control dogs. 26SP concentrations were not correlated to survival time or BCS. No significant difference in IGF-1 levels was found between the tumor group and the control group; however, IGF-1 concentrations displayed a larger range of values in the tumor group. Dogs with tumors greater than 5 cm showed significantly higher IGF-1 levels than dogs with smaller tumors. The IGF-1 concentrations were positively correlated to survival time, but no correlation with BCS was found. Consequently, serum 26SP concentrations seem to be increased in some dogs suffering from malignant tumors, especially in dogs with mammary carcinoma and smaller tumors. Increased serum IGF-1 concentrations could be an indication of large tumors and a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gerke
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg August University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, (Gerke, Neumann); Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany (Kaup)
| | - Franz-Josef Kaup
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg August University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, (Gerke, Neumann); Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany (Kaup)
| | - Stephan Neumann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg August University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, (Gerke, Neumann); Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany (Kaup)
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