1
|
Health inequalities: responding to the challenge. Public Health 2023; 219:165-166. [PMID: 37248159 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
2
|
Access to and quality of care for sexual and gender minority women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada: Results from a longitudinal cohort study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231205677. [PMID: 38116643 PMCID: PMC10676058 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231205677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While scarce, literature suggests that women at the intersection of HIV status and gender and/or sexual minority identities experience heightened social and health disparities within health care systems. OBJECTIVES This study examines the association between sexual and/or gender minority identities and: (1) experiences of poor treatment by health professionals and (2) being unable to access health services among a cohort of women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada. DESIGN Data were drawn from a longitudinal community-based cohort of women living with HIV (Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Women's Longitudinal Needs Assessment). METHODS We examined associations between sexual and/or gender minority identities and the two outcomes. We drew on explanatory variables to measure sexual minority and gender minority identities independently and a combined variable measuring sexual and/or gender minority identities. The associations between each of these three variables and each outcome were analysed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations for repeated measures over time. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. RESULTS The study sample included 1460 observations on 315 participants over 4.5 years (September 2014 to February 2019). Overall, 125 (39.7%) reported poor treatment by health professionals and 102 (32.4%) reported being unable to access health care services when needed at least once over the study period. A total of 110 (34.9%) of participants reported sexual and/or gender minority identities, 106 (33.7%) reporting sexual minority identities, with 29 (9.2%) reporting gender minority identities. In multivariable analysis, adjusting for confounders, sexual minority identities, and combined sexual and/or gender minority identities were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing poor treatment by health professionals (sexual minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.39 (0.94-2.05); sexual and/or gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.48 (1.00-2.18)) and being unable to access health services (sexual minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.89 (1.20-2.97); sexual and/or gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.91 (1.23-2.98)). In multivariable analysis, gender minority identities were not significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing poor treatment by health professionals (gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.76-2.52) and being unable to access health services (gender minority adjusted odds ratio = 1.72; 95% CI = 0.89-3.31) possibly due to low sample size among women with gender minority identities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the need for access to inclusive, affirming, trauma-informed health care services tailored specifically for and by women living with HIV with sexual and/or gender minority identities.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Relationship Between Sexual Behavior Stigma and Depression Among Men Who have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Kigali, Rwanda: a Cross-sectional Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 20:3228-3243. [PMID: 36532817 PMCID: PMC9754158 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of sexual behavior stigma as a determinant of depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Kigali, Rwanda. MSM/TGW aged ≥18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) between March-August, 2018. Mental health was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Sexual behavior stigma from friends and family, healthcare workers, and community members was assessed using a validated instrument. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the association between sexual behavior stigma and depressive symptoms and depression. Secondary analyses further compared depression and depressive symptoms among MSM and TGW. Among the 736 participants included, 14% (106/736) identified as TGW. Depression 8.9% (RDS-adjusted, 7.6%; 95% CI, 4.6-10.6) and mild/moderate symptoms of depression 26.4% (RDS-adjusted, 24.1%; 95% CI, 19.4-28.7) were common and higher among TGW compared to MSM (p < 0.001). Anticipated (41%), perceived (36%), and enacted (45%) stigmas were highly prevalent, and were also significantly higher among TGW (p < 0.001). In multivariable RDS-adjusted analysis, anticipated (relative risk ratio (RRR), 1.88; 95% CI, 1.11-3.19) and perceived (RRR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.12-3.79) stigmas were associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. Anticipated (RRR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.74-13.13) and enacted (RRR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.61-5.93) stigmas were also associated with a higher prevalence of depression. In secondary analyses, the significant differences between MSM and TGW were lost after adjusting for stigma. These data demonstrate a high burden of depressive symptoms and depression among MSM/TGW in Kigali. Conceptually, stigma is a likely antecedent of mental health stress among MSM and TGW suggesting the potential utility of scaling up stigma mitigation interventions to improve the quality of life and mental health outcomes among sexual and gender minority communities in Rwanda.
Collapse
|
4
|
T184 HbA1c and serum uric acid to creatinine ratio: A predictor of kidney diseases in association with estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes patients. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Erythrokeratoderma variabilis (EKV) - First Nepalese case documenting GJB3 mutation. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e63. [PMID: 35663771 PMCID: PMC9060094 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis (EKV) is a rare genodermatosis, characterized by variable erythematous and hyperkeratotic skin lesions. It is most often transmitted in autosomal dominant manner (AD). Casual mutations were found in the GJB3 and GJB4 genes encoding connexins 31 and 30.3, respectively. We report a 7-year-old girl with multiple dusky red and brown skin lesions on face, buttock, both arms and legs. This diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and histological findings and further genetic analysis detected a G > C transition at position 125 of the coding sequence, which replaces arginine with a proline at residue 42 of the protein (R42P). Here, we report a first case of Nepalese patient with EKV resulting from the GJB3 mutation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lessons from the field: Gender roles and researcher reflexivity in smoking cessation in South Asia. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In South Asia, dual epidemics of smoking and tuberculosis (TB) have contributed to a high burden of lung disease. To address these health risks, the TB & Tobacco study uses the TB diagnosis as a teachable moment and implements a behaviour support counselling intervention, conducted by TB health workers, for patients in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. In this region, smoking tobacco is perceived as problematic for women, and being confronted with questions on smoking from a health professional may be uncomfortable for men and women. Anticipating these challenges, we incorporated gender sensitivity into training of health workers.
Methods
During implementation of the cessation support in routine TB care, a process evaluation assessed interactions between participants and the intervention through interviews with health workers and patients with TB participating in the cessation program. This presentation focusses on a retrospective self-reflection on how we conceptualized gender roles based on prior research, and how research findings partially challenged these assumptions.
Findings
While parts of our interview findings point towards smoking as a stigmatized practice for women and some men in South Asia as expected, several male and female respondents across socio-economic and geographical spheres contradicted this assumption. We discovered that health workers’ self-efficacy and perceived smoking stigma among health workers influenced whether they discussed smoking with women or minors. Many patients, on the other hand, told us that they were interested in receiving help to cure their TB and were willing to talk to about smoking with their health workers and their family members.
Conclusions
Patients in this study were more open to talking about smoking than anticipated. When including gender sensitivity into the standard training for health workers, we should be careful not to increase doubts in health workers about addressing smoking with women.
Collapse
|
7
|
MANTRA: a serious game improving knowledge of maternal and neonatal health and geohazards in Nepal. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mobile technology is increasingly important for delivering public health interventions to remote populations. This research study developed, piloted, and assessed a serious game for mobile devices that teaches geohazard, maternal, and neonatal health messages. This unique mHealth intervention aimed at low-literacy audiences in low resource settings is part of the Maternal and Neonatal Technologies in Rural Areas (MANTRA) project: Increasing maternal and child health resilience before, during, and after disasters using mobile technology in Nepal. Specifically, we assess impact of the serious game to improve knowledge gain in our target audience.
Methods
Co-creation with the MANTRA team and local stakeholders in Nepal identified core needs, developed appropriate pictograms and mechanics, and tailored the pilot game to the local cultural context. Through picture matching with immediate audio and visual feedback, the game teaches 28 learning objectives in three modules: maternal health, neonatal health, and geohazards. To assess the game, 35 participants were recruited in Kathmandu and villages in Kavre district. Sessions consisted of pre-test assessment, playing the game, post-test assessment, and a focus group to elicit qualitative feedback.
Results
The knowledge assessment quantified knowledge gain. Overall, the group averaged a normalized 6.8 point improvement (p = 0.000022). Change in the geohazard module was 9.5 points (p = 0.001), followed by maternal health (7.4 points, p = 0.007), and neonatal health (4.3 points, p = 0.83). Four learning objectives had statistically significant change (p < 0.05). Feedback demonstrated high engagement, motivation, and usability of the game.
Conclusions
This MANTRA study is a unique mhealth intervention of a serious game to teach core health and hazards messages to low-literacy audiences in rural Nepal. The pilot intervention demonstrated statistically significant knowledge improvement among participants.
Key messages
The pilot MANTRA mobile serious game intervention is a novel idea, to bring public health knowledge to difficult to reach vulnerable populations, including often ignored illiterate audiences. The pilot MANTRA mobile serious game intervention demonstrated a statistically significant knowledge improvement of geohazard, maternal, and neonatal health learning objectives among participants.
Collapse
|
8
|
Correction to: Leveraging Geospatial Approaches to Characterize the HIV Prevention and Treatment Needs of Out-of-School Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Ethiopia. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:194. [PMID: 31542878 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The article "Leveraging Geospatial Approaches to Characterize the HIV Prevention and Treatment Needs of Out-of-School Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Ethiopia" written by Y. Wang, C. A. Comins, A. Mulu, S. A. Abebe, K. Belete, T. T. Balcha, S. Baral, S. R. Schwartz, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 27th May 2019 without open access. With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 19th September 2019 to © The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
Collapse
|
9
|
Association of HbA1c, serum uric acid and non HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Implementation research to assess a health workers performance-based management system in Nepal. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107 Suppl 471:24-34. [PMID: 30570792 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test and refine a performance-based management system to improve health worker performance in Nepal. METHODS A mixed-methods implementation research in three districts. The study assessed health workers' job satisfaction at the start and end of the study. Qualitative techniques were used to document processes, and routine health service data were analysed to measure outcomes. RESULTS Job satisfaction significantly increased in six of nine key areas, and the proportion of staff absenteeism significantly declined in the study districts. It demonstrated an increase in immunisation coverage, the proportion of women who had a first antenatal check-up also having a fourth check-up and the proportion of childbirth in a health facility. The greatest perceived strengths of the system were its robust approach to performance planning and evaluation, supportive supervision, outcome-based job descriptions and a transparent reward system. A functional health facility environment, leadership and community engagement support successful implementation. CONCLUSION The performance-based management system has the potential to increase health workers' job satisfaction, and it offers a tool to link facility-wide human resource management. A collaborative approach, ownership and commitment of the health system are critical to success. Considering the Nepal context, a management system that demonstrates a positive improvement has potential for improved health care delivery.
Collapse
|
11
|
Community based approaches to enhance access to health for Roma in Macedonia. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Invasion of alien plant species and their impact on different ecosystems of Panchase Area, Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/banko.v27i1.18547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aggressiveness of invasive alien plant species has been amidst the changing climate, which has necessitated further research in this area. The impact of invasive alien plant species in the Panchase area of Nepal was assessed through the forest resource assessment and other methodologies such as, household survey, group discussion, direct field observation, participatory cluster mapping, quadrat sampling, laboratory analysis, and GIS mapping. A total of nine major invasive species, in which Ageratum houstonianum and Ageratina adenophora were found spread throughout the ecosystem. The invasion was fueled by anthropogenic disturbances such as leaving the agricultural lands, fallow and degradation of habitat. As a consequence, native species such as Artemisia indica and Urtica dioica were outcompeted mostly in the fringes of fallow lands, agricultural lands and in the disturbed sites. The intrusion was, however, less in the forest area, implying that community-managed dense canopy forests are less susceptible to invasion and routine management can offset the negative effects of invasion. Even though many negative consequences of the invasion were observed in the study sites, the possibility of the economically exploiting the biomass of invasive alien plant species for generating income locally was noticed.Banko Janakari, Vol. 27, No. 1, page: 31-42
Collapse
|
13
|
Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide promotes the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 52:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Yield of intensified tuberculosis case-finding activities using Xpert(®) MTB/RIF among risk groups in Nepal. Public Health Action 2016; 6:136-41. [PMID: 27358808 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Twenty-two districts of Nepal, where intensified case-finding (ICF) activities for tuberculosis (TB) were implemented among risk groups under the TB REACH initiative in collaboration with the National TB Programme from July 2013 to November 2015. OBJECTIVES To assess the yield of TB screening using an algorithm with smear microscopy followed by Xpert(®) MTB/RIF. DESIGN A descriptive study using routinely collected data. RESULTS Of 145 679 individuals screened, 28 574 (19.6%) had presumptive TB; 1239 (4.3%) of these were diagnosed with TB and 1195 (96%) were initiated on anti-tuberculosis treatment. The yield of screening was highest among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) (6.1%), followed by household contacts (3.5%) and urban slum dwellers (0.5%). Among other risk groups, such as prisoners, factory workers, refugees and individuals with diabetes, the yield was less than 0.5%. The number needed to screen to diagnose an active TB case was 17 for PLHIV, 29 for household contacts and 197 for urban slum dwellers. Of 11 525 patients from ICF and the routine programme, 112 (1%) were diagnosed with multidrug-resistant TB. CONCLUSION There was a substantial yield of TB cases among risk groups such as PLHIV and household contacts. Although the yield in urban slum dwellers was found to be moderate, some intervention should nonetheless be targeted because of the large population and poor access to care in this group.
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:792-7. [PMID: 26522293 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma, a dried root of Gastrodia elata Blume, on proliferation and differentiation of human NSCs derived from embryonic stem cells. METHODS A 70% ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma (EEGR) was estimated with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as a representative constituent by HPLC. RESULTS MTT assay showed that the treatment with EEGR increased the viability of NSCs in growth media. Compared to control, EEGR increased the number of dendrites and denritic spines extended from a differentiated NSC. Whereas EEGR decreased the mRNA expression of Nestin, it increased that of Tuj1 and MAP2 in NSCs grown in differentiation media. Immunocytochemical analysis using confocal microscopy also revealed the increased expression of MAP2 in dendrites of EEGR-treated NSCs. Furthermore, EEGR decreased mRNA expression of Sox2 in NSCs grown even in growth media. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that EEGR induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, suggesting its potential benefits on NSC-based therapies and neuroregeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries.
Collapse
|
16
|
A systematic review of evidence to inform HIV prevention interventions among men who have sex with men in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 25953133 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.15.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 42% of all newly diagnosed HIV cases in Europe in 2013 were transmitted during sex between men. This review was performed to identify and describe studies evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions among men who have sex with men (MSM), in relation to implementation data from European settings. A systematic search was performed individually for 24 interventions.Data were extracted from studies including efficacy or implementation data from European settings,appraised for efficacy, implementation and plausibility, and assigned a grade (1-4) according to the Highest Attainable Standard of Evidence (HASTE)framework. Four interventions (condom use, peer outreach,peer-led groups, and using universal coverage of antiretroviral treatment and treatment as prevention)were assigned the highest HASTE grade, 1. Another four interventions were assigned 2a for probable recommendation, including voluntary counseling and testing for HIV, using condom-compatible lubricant,using post-exposure prophylaxis, and individual counselling for MSM living with HIV. In addition, seven interventions were assigned a grade of 2b, for possible recommendation. Encouragingly, 15 interventions were graded to be strongly, probably or possibly recommended.In the relatively resource-rich European setting, there is an opportunity to provide global leadership with regard to the regional scale-up of comprehensive HIV prevention interventions for MSM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Modelling the impact of HIV prevention and treatment for men who have sex with men on HIV epidemic trajectories in low- and middle-income countries. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24:18-30. [PMID: 23512511 DOI: 10.1177/0956462412472291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of combination HIV prevention interventions for men who have sex with men (MSM) and the impacts on the wider epidemics. Modelling analyses of MSM-specific interventions across varied HIV epidemics may inform evidence-based responses. The Goals model was adapted to project the impacts of providing HIV interventions for MSM and access to expanded coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adults to measure the effects on the MSM and adult epidemics in Peru, Ukraine, Kenya and Thailand. Positive impacts were observed in all four countries. Across epidemics, 14-25% of infections among MSM may be averted between 2012 and 2016 when MSM interventions are brought to scale and MSM have equal access to expanded ART for adults. Among adults, MSM interventions may avert up to 4000 new infections, in addition to the benefits associated with increased ART. Greatest impacts from expanded interventions were observed in countries where same sex transmission contributes significantly to the HIV epidemic. While significant benefits are observed among the adult and MSM populations with expansion of ART, consideration should be given to the synergies of combining ART expansion with targeted interventions to reach hidden, high-risk populations for HIV testing and counselling and linkages to care.
Collapse
|
18
|
Study of fasting serum lipid and lipoproteins profile in type-II diabetic patients attending NMCTH. NEPAL MEDICAL COLLEGE JOURNAL : NMCJ 2013; 15:18-22. [PMID: 24592787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the primary causes for cardio vascular disease (CVD) and development of myocardial infarction (MI) which often leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). The elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C), and lowered high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are the predictable risk factor for CAD with type-II diabetic patient. The present study was undertaken taken with an objective to frame out the lipid profile in type-II diabetic patients attending OPD (outpatient department) of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) Jorpati, Kathmandu. Samples of 148 individuals with age varying from 30-73 were analyzed. Out of which 96 patients were diabetic and 52 were control group. The mean +/- SD (mg/dl) levels of Cholesterol, TG and LDL-C were found significantly higher compared to non-diabetic, and these are statistically significant when compared with healthy control group. The study concludes that the study of accessing fasting lipid profile in type-II diabetic will be a tool of accessing risk for cardiovascular and other coronary artery complications.
Collapse
|
19
|
A fatal presentation of dermatomyositis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2013; 10:78-82. [PMID: 23434970 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects the skin, muscle, and lung. The pathogenesis of skin inflammation in DM is not well understood. We present a 40-year-old male who presented with four months history of generalized skin lesion, pain and weakness. He had elevated transaminases with detectable muscle weakness. This case highlights the need to consider dermatomyositis with skin lesion and weakness; and the use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapies due to its associated vasculopathies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hyperthermia with magnetic nanowires for inactivating living cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 8:2323-2327. [PMID: 18572644 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method to induce hyperthermia in cells, in-vitro, by remotely heating Ni nanowires (NWs) with radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. Ni NWs were internalized by human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Only cells proximal to NWs or with internalized NWs changed shape on exposure to RF fields indicative of cell death. The cell death occurs as a result of hyperthermia, since the RF field remotely heats the NWs as a result of magnetic hysteresis. This is the first demonstration of hyperthermia induced by NWs; since the NWs have anisotropic and strong magnetic moments, our experiments suggest the possibility of performing hyperthermia at lower field strengths in order to minimize damage to untargeted cells in applications such as the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
21
|
Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of colloidal semiconductors. 12. Intermediates of the oxidation of extremely small particles of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and tricadmium diphosphide and size quantization effects (a pulse radiolysis study). J Am Chem Soc 2002; 108:375-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00263a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
One- and two-electron reduction of aluminum and tin pyridylporphyrins. A kinetic spectrophotometric study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j150652a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Synthesis of palladium metal nanoparticles in the bicontinuous cubic phase of glycerol monooleate. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00084a060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Reduction and alkylation of cobalt(II) tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin in aqueous solutions. A kinetic spectrophotometric study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100232a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Chemistry of colloidal manganese dioxide. 2. Reaction with superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (pulse radiolysis and stop flow studies). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100272a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Radiolytic studies of the redox reactions and alkylation of rhodium tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin in aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100256a048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
One- and two-electron reduction of metalloporphyrins. Radiation chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical studies. Kinetics of the decay of .pi.-radical anions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100402a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Chemistry of colloidal manganese dioxide. 1. Mechanism of reduction by an organic radical (a radiation chemical study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100272a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Chemistry of colloidal manganese oxides. 3. Formation in the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with manganese(2+) ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100280a113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Dendritic cell-derived IL-12 is not required for the generation of cytotoxic, IFN-gamma-secreting, CD8(+) CTL in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:5027-33. [PMID: 11673511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
By using adoptive transfer of Ag-loaded bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC), we have established an in vivo model of CTL priming. Activation of CTL in these experiments required both CD4(+) T cells and CD154, demonstrating that this model reflects CD4(+) T cell-dependent dendritic cell (DC) licensing. Because IL-12 has been suggested to play an important role in CTL activation by DC, we examined the ability of BMDC to prime CTL in the complete absence of IL-12 using p40-deficient mice. We observed that the absence of IL-12 does not affect the phenotype or allostimulatory function of BMDC after in vitro maturation. Moreover, there was no difference in the ability of Ag-loaded DC to elicit CTL cytotoxicity, whether the Ag was delivered by virus infection or peptide pulsing. Equal frequencies of Ag-specific, IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells developed in both wild-type and IL-12-deficient backgrounds. Finally, CTL generated in the IL-12-deficient environment were capable of protecting immunized mice against tumor challenge, demonstrating that these CTL were fully functional, despite the absence of IL-12 during the maturation process in vivo. These results indicate that IL-12 is not critical for the development of IFN-gamma secreting, CD8(+) T cells and that another mechanism must be used by licensed DC to prime and activate CTL.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Photochemistry of colloidal semiconductors. Onset of light absorption as a function of size of extremely small CdS particles. Chem Phys Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(86)85075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Spectrophotometric and kinetic studies of the radiolytic reduction of several pyridylporphyrins and their metal complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(84)90059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
|