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Beck PS, Leitão AG, Santana YB, Correa JR, Rodrigues CVS, Machado DFS, Matos GDR, Ramos LM, Gatto CC, Oliveira SCC, Andrade CKZ, Neto BAD. Revisiting Biginelli-like reactions: solvent effects, mechanisms, biological applications and correction of several literature reports. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3630-3651. [PMID: 38652003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study critically reevaluates reported Biginelli-like reactions using a Kamlet-Abboud-Taft-based solvent effect model. Surprisingly, structural misassignments were discovered in certain multicomponent reactions, leading to the identification of pseudo three-component derivatives instead of the expected MCR adducts. Attempts to replicate literature conditions failed, prompting reconsideration of the described MCRs and proposed mechanisms. Electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry, NMR, melting points, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray analysis exposed inaccuracies in reported MCRs and allowed for the proposition of a complete catalytic cycle. Biological investigations using both pure and "contaminated" derivatives revealed distinctive features in assessed bioassays. A new cellular action mechanism was unveiled for a one obtained pseudo three-component adduct, suggesting similarity with the known dihydropyrimidinone Monastrol as Eg5 inhibitors, disrupting mitosis by forming monoastral mitotic spindles. Docking studies and RMSD analyses supported this hypothesis. The findings described herein underscore the necessity for a critical reexamination and potential corrections of structural assignments in several reports. This work emphasizes the significance of rigorous characterization and critical evaluation in synthetic chemistry, urging a careful reassessment of reported synthesis and biological activities associated with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Beck
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Arthur G Leitão
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin B Santana
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - José R Correa
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Carime V S Rodrigues
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F S Machado
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme D R Matos
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana M Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Goiás, 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah C C Oliveira
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Allelopathy, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Z Andrade
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Chen M, Yang J, Tang C, Lu X, Wei Z, Liu Y, Yu P, Li H. Improving ADMET Prediction Accuracy for Candidate Drugs: Factors to Consider in QSPR Modeling Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:222-242. [PMID: 38083894 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266280005231207105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) employs mathematical and statistical methods to reveal quantitative correlations between the pharmacokinetics of compounds and their molecular structures, as well as their physical and chemical properties. QSPR models have been widely applied in the prediction of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). However, the accuracy of QSPR models for predicting drug ADMET properties still needs improvement. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the tools employed in various stages of QSPR predictions for drug ADMET. It summarizes commonly used approaches to building QSPR models, systematically analyzing the advantages and limitations of each modeling method to ensure their judicious application. We provide an overview of recent advancements in the application of QSPR models for predicting drug ADMET properties. Furthermore, this review explores the inherent challenges in QSPR modeling while also proposing a range of considerations aimed at enhancing model prediction accuracy. The objective is to enhance the predictive capabilities of QSPR models in the field of drug development and provide valuable reference and guidance for researchers in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilun Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - HuanHuan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Sanap D, Avhad L, Ghotekar S, Gaikwad ND. Green synthesis and characterization of mixed-phase Fe2O3 nanorods as a novel magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for Biginelli synthesis. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Sharma M, Verma K, Kaushik A, Singh J, Singh A, Badru R. DBU-MIm coupled ionic liquids as reusable catalysts for the Biginelli reaction. Molecular Catalysis 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Milović E, Janković N, Petronijević J, Joksimović N, Kosanić M, Stanojković T, Matić I, Grozdanić N, Klisurić O, Stefanović S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydropyrimidines: Dual-Activity and Mechanism of Action. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102254. [PMID: 36297686 PMCID: PMC9610702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of the novel tetrahydropyrimidines-THPMs are described. THPMs are well-known for wide pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, etc. This research includes obtained results of in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the eleven novel THPMs. An antibiotic assessment was done against five bacteria (two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative) and five fungi by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), using the broth tube dilution method. The most active antibacterial compounds were 4a, 4b, and 4d, while the best antifungal activity was shown by 4e, 4f, and 4k. The lowest MIC value (0.20 mg/mL) was measured for 4e, 4f, and 4k against the Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Moreover, examining the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed the compound 4g as the one with the best activity. The cytotoxic activity was performed on the tumor cell lines (HeLa, K562, and MDA-MB-231) and normal cells (MRC-5). The best antitumor activity was shown by compounds 4b and 4k against HeLa cell lines. The influence on cell cycle and mechanism of action of the most active compounds were examined too. Compound 4b had good antibacterial and anticancer activities, while 4k showed promising antifungal and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nađa Grozdanić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđan Stefanović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Doğan İS, Gümüş MK, Gorobets NY, Reis R, Orak D, Sipahi H, Sari S, Chebanov VA. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Methano[1,2,4]Triazolo-[1,5-C][1,3,5]Benzoxadiazocine Derivatives and Their Effects on Nitrite and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Levels. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Janković N, Milović E, Jovanović JĐ, Marković Z, Vraneš M, Stanojković T, Matić I, Crnogorac MĐ, Klisurić O, Cvetinov M, Abbas Bukhari SN. A new class of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes containing Biginelli hybrids: anticancer and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110025. [PMID: 35752294 PMCID: PMC9220501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to discover new dual-active agents, a series of novel Biginelli hybrids (tetrahydropyrimidines) and their ruthenium(II) complexes were synthesized. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and X-ray techniques and investigated for their cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines HeLa, LS174, A549, A375, K562 and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5). For further examination of the cytotoxic mechanisms of novel complexes, two of them were chosen for analyzing their effects on the distribution of HeLa cells in the cell cycle phases. The results of the flow cytometry analysis suggest that the proportion of cells in G2/M phase was decreased following the increase of subG1 phase in all treatments. These results confirmed that cells treated with 5b and 5c were induced to undergo apoptotic death. The ruthenium complexes 5a-5d show significant inhibitory potency against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Therefore, molecule 5b has significance, while 5e possesses the lowest values of ΔGbind and Ki, which are comparable to cinanserin, and hydroxychloroquine. In addition, achieved results will open a new avenue in drug design for more research on the possible therapeutic applications of dual-active Biginelli-based drugs (anticancer-antiviral). Dual-active drugs based on the hybridization concept "one drug curing two diseases" could be a successful tactic in healing patients who have cancer and the virus SARS-CoV-2 at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.
| | - Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorović Jovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Milan Vraneš
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Olivera Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Cvetinov
- Academy of Arts, University of Novi Sad, Đure Jakšića 7, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Milović E, Petronijević J, Joksimović N, Beljkaš M, Ružić D, Nikolić K, Vraneš M, Tot A, Crnogorac MĐ, Stanojković T, Janković N. Anticancer evaluation of the selected tetrahydropyrimidines: 3D-QSAR, cytotoxic activities, mechanism of action, DNA, and BSA interactions. J Mol Struct 2022; 1257:132621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bukhari SNA, Ejaz H, Elsherif MA, Janković N. Synthesis and Characterization of Dihydrouracil Analogs Utilizing Biginelli Hybrids. Molecules 2022; 27:2939. [PMID: 35566289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrouracil presents a crucial intermediate in the catabolism of uracil. The vital importance of uracil and its nucleoside, uridine, encourages scientists to synthesize novel dihydrouracils. In this paper, we present an innovative, fast, and effective method for the synthesis of dihydrouracils. Hence, under mild conditions, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid was used to cleave the carbon-sulfur bond of the Biginelli hybrids 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. This approach led to thirteen novel dihydrouracils synthesized in moderate-to-high yields (32-99%).
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Ristovski (Trifunović) J, Minorics R, Bartha S, Janković N, Zupkó I. The evaluation of the anticancer activity of the Biginelli hybrids and pharmacokinetic profiling based on their retention parameters. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crnogorac MĐ, Matić IZ, Damjanović A, Janković N, Krivokuća A, Stanojković T. 3D HeLa spheroids as a model for investigating the anticancer activity of Biginelli-hybrids. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109565. [PMID: 34161784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In previous study, we examined the anticancer effects of novel Biginelli-hybrids against HeLa cell line on 2D monolayer culture. The five most effective compounds were chosen for further analysis of their anticancer activity against HeLa spheroids. Using the 3D models implies the possible differences in anticancer effects and mechanisms of activity of tested compounds. The compounds 4c and 4d exerted the strongest activity against 3D HeLa spheroids and induced to some extent loosened cell-cell contacts in spheroids, leading to the largest reduction in the diameter of the spheroids. Additionally, the highest accumulation of the cells in the subG1 phase of the cell cycle was observed after the treatment with compounds 4d and 4c, while the compound 4f led to the G2/M arrest. The invasion potential of treated HeLa cells in spheroids was monitored by imaging of spheroids embedded in a matrix made of matrigel and collagen and by determination of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF gene expression levels. The compound 4l did not show invasion-suppressive activity, while the compounds 4c and 4d exerted the strongest anti-invasive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Z Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Damjanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića Bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ana Krivokuća
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Milović E, Janković N, Bogdanović GA, Petronijević J, Joksimović N. On water synthesis of the novel 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ristovski Trifunović J, Žižak Ž, Marković S, Janković N, Ignjatović N. Chitosan nanobeads loaded with Biginelli hybrids as cell-selective toxicity systems with a homogeneous distribution of the cell cycle in cancer treatment. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41542-41550. [PMID: 35516580 PMCID: PMC9057800 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrimidines are a class of azaheterocycles, also called Biginelli hybrids (obtained from the Biginelli reaction), that have attracted an enormous interest in the medicinal chemistry community in recent years, due to a broad biological activity, such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antituberculosis activities, etc. According to SciFinder®, more than 70 000 different Biginelli-like compounds have been covered in publications. However, although the Biginelli reaction can yield a large number of compounds with a broad range of activities, none of them have been captured in a carrier. In this study, chitosan-based (Ch) nanoparticles (NPs) containing three different molecules (Biginelli hybrids) were developed and tested for the first time as simple and promising vehicles for anticancer Biginelli-based drugs. The key features of NPs, such as size, surface morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release were systematically investigated. Rather weak cell selectivity of pure Biginelli hybrids (A–C) to selected cancer cell lines has improved and this has been accompanied with two-to-four times stronger cytotoxic effect of A–C loaded Ch NPs, with a triple reduction in toxicity to healthy cells (MRC-5). It has been observed that the examined NPs induce apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis has confirmed the influence of A-loaded Ch (A-Ch), B-loaded Ch (B-Ch), and C-loaded Ch (C-Ch) on the cell cycle distribution, which was homogenously affected. This is the difference with regard to the effect of A, B, and C on the cell cycle. It has been established that the increased selectivity and antitumor activity of NPs are related to the presence of the carrier. Chitosan nanoparticles containing tetrahydropyrimidines were developed and tested for the first time as simple and promising vehicles for anticancer Biginelli-based drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Ristovski Trifunović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Željko Žižak
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia Pasterova 14 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Smilja Marković
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Knez Mihailova 35/IV, P.O. Box 377 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac Jovana Cvijića bb 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Nenad Ignjatović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Knez Mihailova 35/IV, P.O. Box 377 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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