1
|
Naselsky W, Adhikary G, Shrestha S, Chen X, Ezeka G, Xu W, Friedberg JS, Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 enhances hepatocyte growth factor signaling to drive the mesothelioma cancer cell phenotype. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:537-548. [PMID: 35319795 PMCID: PMC10074999 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an important mesothelioma cancer cell survival protein. However, the mechanism whereby TG2 maintains mesothelioma cell survival is not well understood. We present studies showing that TG2 drives hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent MET receptor signaling to maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype. TG2 increases HGF and MET messenger RNA and protein levels to enhance MET signaling. TG2 inactivation reduces MET tyrosine kinase activity to reduce cancer cell spheroid formation, invasion and migration. We also confirm that HGF/MET signaling is a biologically important mediator of TG2 action. Reducing MET level using genetic methods or treatment with MET inhibitors reduces spheroid formation, invasion and migration and this is associated with reduced MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. In addition, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors suppress the cancer phenotype. Moreover, MET knockout mesothelioma cells form 10-fold smaller tumors compared to wild-type cells and these tumors display reduced MET, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 activity. These findings suggest that TG2 maintains HGF and MET levels in cultured mesothelioma cells and tumors to drive HGF/MET, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 signaling to maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Naselsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suruchi Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Geraldine Ezeka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph S Friedberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L. Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gallic Acid Enhances the Anti-Cancer Effect of Temozolomide in Human Glioma Cell Line via Inhibition of Akt and p38-MAPK Pathway. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating agent, is used to treat malignant gliomas and other difficult-to-treat tumors. TMZ can enter the cerebrospinal fluid p.o. (per os) and does not need hepatic metabolism for activation of its use as a standard chemotherapeutic regimen after surgical resection of malignant glioma of the brain. However, the prognosis remains poor for most patients, and the survival rate is still unsatisfactory. Gallic acid (Ga) is a secondary metabolite existent in numerous plants. Ga shows various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial effects. In this study, the latent enhanced anti-cancer efficacy of Ga in TMZ-treated U87MG cells (a human glioma line) was evaluated. (2) Methods: The U87MG cell line was cultured for 24 h. The cells were incubated with Ga alone, TMZ alone, or their combination for various time points. Cell viability and the drug combination index were evaluated by an XTT-based analysis and isobologram analysis, respectively. DNA destruction and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were analyzed by flow cytometer. The expression of various proteins was assessed via Western blotting. (3) Results: Compared with the action of TMZ alone or Ga alone, TMZ/Ga combination augmented the inhibition of cellular viability and apoptotic level in the U87MG glioma cell line. This enhanced anti-cancer effect correlated with the decreased expression of Bcl-2 and p-Akt, and corresponded with the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In addition, Ga suppressed the TMZ-promoted ROS generation. (4) Conclusions: Ga can augment the anti-cancer effect of TMZ via the repression of Bcl-2 expression and Akt activation and the enhancement of the p38 MAPK pathway. Our results offer a novel probable approach for the medical treatment of malignant glioma.
Collapse
|
3
|
Phytochemicals in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment-Review on the Current Trends of Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158279. [PMID: 34361048 PMCID: PMC8348618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but highly aggressive tumor of pleura arising in response to asbestos fibers exposure. MPM is frequently diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease and causes poor prognostic outcomes. From the clinical perspective, MPM is resistant to conventional treatment, thus challenging the therapeutic options. There is still demand for improvement and sensitization of MPM cells to therapy in light of intensive clinical studies on chemotherapeutic drugs, including immuno-modulatory and targeted therapies. One way is looking for natural sources, whole plants, and extracts whose ingredients, especially polyphenols, have potential anticancer properties. This comprehensive review summarizes the current studies on natural compounds and plant extracts in developing new treatment strategies for MPM.
Collapse
|
4
|
Combination of Platycodin D with docetaxel synergistically suppressed cell growth in DU-145 by enhancing apoptosis and alleviating autophagy. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
5
|
Gandhi M, Nair S. New vistas in malignant mesothelioma: MicroRNA architecture and NRF2/MAPK signal transduction. Life Sci 2020; 257:118123. [PMID: 32710945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a cancer of the mesothelial lining of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and testes. The most common form is asbestos-linked MM that is etiologically linked to repeated asbestos exposure with a long latency period, although non-asbestos MM has also been reported. Late diagnosis, poor survival rates, lack of diagnostic and prognostic markers act as major impediments in the clinical management of MM. Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibition and CAR T-cell-based therapies, MM which is of different histologic subtypes remains challenging to treat. We review microRNAs (miRNAs) and the miRNA interactome implicated in MM which can be useful as circulating miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of MM and as biomarkers for prognostication in MM. Further, we underscore the relevance of the NRF2/MAPK signal transduction pathway that has been implicated in MM which may be useful as druggable targets or as biomarkers of predictive response. In addition, since MM is driven partly by inflammation, we elucidate chemopreventive phytochemicals that are beneficial in MM, either via crosstalk with the NRF2/MAPK pathway or via concerted anticancer mechanisms, and may be of benefit as adjuvants in chemotherapy. Taken together, a multifactorial approach comprising identification of miRNA target hubs and NRF2/MAPK biomarkers along with appropriately designed clinical trials may enable early detection and faster intervention in MM translating into better patient outcomes for this aggressive cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manav Gandhi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, VL Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, VL Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Bao B. Gallic Acid Impedes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression via Suppression of EGFR-Dependent CARM1-PELP1 Complex. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1583-1592. [PMID: 32425504 PMCID: PMC7186892 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s228123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths. This study identified the regulatory pattern of gallic acid in NSCLC. Methods Human NSCLC cells were treated with different doses of gallic acid, after which, MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine the survival and apoptotic rate of human NSCLC cells. Then, co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to analyze the relationships between gallic acid, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and CARM1-PELP1. Next, we analyzed whether PELP1, CARM1 and EGFR were associated with the effects of gallic acid on NSCLC cells by conducting rescue experiments. The expression pattern of phosphorylated EGFR, EGFR, Ki67, as well as Fas, FasL and Caspase 3 proteins in cancer cells or xenografts was measured by Western blot analysis. Lastly, the role of gallic acid in the tumor growth was assessed in nude mice. Results The ideal dose of gallic acid that presented good suppressive effect on NSCLC cells were 30 μM, 50 μM and 75 μM, respectively. Gallic acid played an inhibiting role in the activation of EGFR, which further reduced the formation of CARM1-PELP1 complex, ultimately repressed the proliferation and elevated apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, CARM1 repression led to decreased growth, proliferation and migration abilities of NSCLC cells. Animal experiments confirmed that gallic acid contributed to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion To sum up, gallic acid could potentially prevent NSCLC progression via inhibition of EGFR activation and impairment of the binding of CARM1 to PELP1, highlighting a novel therapy to dampen NSCLC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology of Mongolian-Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028007, People's Republic of China
| | - Burenbatu Bao
- Department of Mongolian Medicine Hematology & Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028007, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020221. [PMID: 32028623 PMCID: PMC7072661 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Different conventional approaches to treat cancer include chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, these are usually associated with various deleterious effects and numerous disadvantages in clinical practice. In addition, there are increasing concerns about drug resistance. In the continuous search for safer and more effective treatments, plant-derived natural compounds are of major interest. Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that have gained importance as potential anti-cancer compounds. Phenolics display a great prospective as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis, reducing proliferation, and targeting various aspects of cancer (angiogenesis, growth and differentiation, and metastasis). Phenolic acids are a subclass of plant phenolics, furtherly divided into benzoic and cinnamic acids, that are associated with potent anticancer abilities in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, the therapeutic activities of phenolic acids are reinforced by their role as epigenetic regulators as well as supporters of adverse events or resistance associated with conventional anticancer therapy. Encapsulation of phyto-substances into nanocarrier systems is a challenging aspect concerning the efficiency of natural substances used in cancer treatment. A summary of phenolic acids and their effectiveness as well as phenolic-associated advances in cancer treatment will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu K, Lu R, Zhao Q, Du J, Li Y, Zheng M, Zhang S. Association and clinicopathologic significance of p38MAPK-ERK-JNK-CDC25C with polyploid giant cancer cell formation. Med Oncol 2019; 37:6. [PMID: 31734829 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that cobalt chloride (CoCl2) induction of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) was characterized by abnormal cell cycle-related protein expression and G2/M arrest. The role of the p38MAPK-ERK-JNK signaling pathway in cell cycle regulation has been reported, but the mechanism by which p38MAPK-ERK-JNK regulates PGCCs formation remains unclear. This study examined p38MAPK-ERK-JNK-CDC25C expression in PGCCs and their daughter and control cells and assessed the clinicopathological significance of p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, and CDC25C expression in human ovarian and breast cancers. METHODS CoCl2 was used to induce the formation of PGCCs in HEY and BT-549 cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining were used to compare the expression and subcellular localization of p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, and CDC25C in the control group and CDC25C knockdown before and after CoCl2 treatment. The specific combination of p38MAPK and ERK with pCDC25C-Ser216 was detected by immunoprecipitation. In addition, p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, and CDC25C immunohistochemical staining were performed to compare the clinicopathologic significances in 81 cases of ovarian cancer tissue, including 20 cases of primary breast cancer with lymph node metastasis (group I), and their corresponding metastatic lymph nodes (group II), 31 cases of primary breast cancer without metastasis (group III), and 10 cases of benign breast tumors (group IV). Breast tumor tissue from 229 was divided into two groups: 167 cases of primary invasive breast cancer (group 1) and 62 cases of lymph node metastatic breast cancer (group 2). RESULTS Compared to the control cells, p38MAPK and JNK expression were higher and CDC25C expression was lower in CoCl2-treated cells. Moreover, ERK displayed a trend of increased expression in HEY PGCCs and decreased expression in BT-549 PGCCs. p38MAPK and ERK regulated CDC25C by phosphorylating the CDC25C-Ser216 site and participated in the G2/M phase transition. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the ovarian tumor tissues showed significant positive staining rates of p38MAPK (P = 0.001), ERK (P = 0.002), JNK (P = 0.000), and CDC25C (P = 0.000) among the four groups. In breast tumor tissues, the overall expression in p38MAPK (P = 0.029), ERK (P = 0.002), JNK (P = 0.013), and CDC25C (P = 0.001) also differed significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION The p38MAPK-ERK-JNK signaling pathway was involved in cell cycle progression and the formation of PGCCs by regulation of CDC25C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of gallic acid on hemodynamic parameters and infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion in isolated rat hearts with alloxan-induced diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:612-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
10
|
Itai S, Yamada S, Kaneko MK, Chang YW, Harada H, Kato Y. Establishment of EMab-134, a Sensitive and Specific Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody for Detecting Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells of the Oral Cavity. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:272-281. [PMID: 29090976 PMCID: PMC6975130 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase, activates downstream signaling cascades in many tumors. In this study, we established novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and characterized their efficacy in flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses. We immunized mice with a combination of the extracellular domain of EGFR and EGFR-overexpressing LN229 glioblastoma cells (LN229/EGFR) and performed the first screening using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, we selected mAbs using flow cytometry. Among 156 established clones, two mAbs, EMab-51 (IgG1, kappa) and EMab-134 (IgG1, kappa), reacted with EGFR in Western blot analysis; EMab-134 showed a much higher sensitivity compared with EMab-51. We compared the binding affinities of EMab-51 and EMab-134 using flow cytometry; the calculated KD values for EMab-51 and EMab-134 against SAS cells/HSC-2 cells were 9.2 × 10−9 M/9.9 × 10−9 M and 2.6 × 10−9 M/8.3 × 10−9 M, respectively, indicating that EMab-134 has a higher affinity to EGFR-expressing cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of EMab-51 and EMab-134 showed sensitive and specific reactions against oral cancer cells; EMab-134 demonstrated a much higher sensitivity (36/38 cases; 94.7%) to oral squamous cell carcinomas compared with EMab-51 (6/38 cases; 15.8%). This novel anti-EGFR mAb, EMab-134, could be advantageous for detecting EGFR in the pathological analysis of EGFR-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Itai
- 1 Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan .,2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- 1 Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- 1 Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- 1 Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- 1 Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan .,3 New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Itai S, Kaneko MK, Fujii Y, Yamada S, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Saidoh N, Handa S, Chang YW, Suzuki H, Harada H, Kato Y. Development of EMab-51, a Sensitive and Specific Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody in Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, and Immunohistochemistry. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:214-219. [PMID: 28891752 PMCID: PMC7001460 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases and is involved in cell growth and differentiation. EGFR homodimers or heterodimers with other HER members, such as HER2 and HER3, activate downstream signaling cascades in many cancers. In this study, we developed novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and characterized their efficacy in flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses. First, we expressed the full-length or ectodomain of EGFR in LN229 glioblastoma cells and then immunized mice with LN229/EGFR or ectodomain of EGFR, and performed the first screening using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Subsequently, we selected mAbs according to their efficacy in flow cytometry (second screening), Western blot (third screening), and immunohistochemical (fourth screening) analyses. Among 100 mAbs, only one clone EMab-51 (IgG1, kappa) reacted with EGFR in Western blot analysis. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses with EMab-51 showed sensitive and specific reactions against oral cancer cells, warranting the use of EMab-51 to detect EGFR in pathological analyses of EGFR-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Itai
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Regional Innovation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Saidoh
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saori Handa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Regional Innovation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Emanuele S, Lauricella M, Calvaruso G, D'Anneo A, Giuliano M. Litchi chinensis as a Functional Food and a Source of Antitumor Compounds: An Overview and a Description of Biochemical Pathways. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090992. [PMID: 28885570 PMCID: PMC5622752 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi is a tasty fruit that is commercially grown for food consumption and nutritional benefits in various parts of the world. Due to its biological activities, the fruit is becoming increasingly known and deserves attention not only for its edible part, the pulp, but also for its peel and seed that contain beneficial substances with antioxidant, cancer preventive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions. Although literature demonstrates the biological activity of Litchi components in reducing tumor cell viability in in vitro or in vivo models, data about the biochemical mechanisms responsible for these effects are quite fragmentary. This review specifically describes, in a comprehensive analysis, the antitumor properties of the different parts of Litchi and highlights the main biochemical mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonella D'Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|