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Yang F, Chen C, Chen R, Yang C, Liu Z, Wen L, Xiao H, Geng B, Xia Y. Unraveling the Potential of SGK1 in Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2025; 15:686. [PMID: 40427579 PMCID: PMC12109298 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2025] [Revised: 04/15/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease, with several million cases of fractures resulting from osteoporosis worldwide each year. This phenomenon contributes to a substantial increase in direct medical expenditures and poses a considerable socioeconomic burden. Despite its prevalence, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 1 (SGK1) in multiple signaling pathways that regulate bone metabolism and its significant role in the development of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply explore the mechanism of SGK1 in osteoporosis and its therapeutic potential. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the structure and activation mechanism of SGK1, its biological function, the role of SGK1 in different types of osteoporosis, and the inhibitors of SGK1. The aim is to comprehensively assess the latest research progress with regards to SGK1's role in osteoporosis, clarify its role in the regulation of bone metabolism and its potential as a therapeutic target, and lay the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment in the future. Furthermore, by thoroughly examining the interactions between SGK1 and other molecules or signaling pathways, potential biomarkers may be identified, thereby enhancing the efficacy of early screening and intervention for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Changshun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (C.C.); (R.C.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (H.X.); (B.G.)
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Wang H, He P, Wang Z, Tian C, Liu C, Li X, Yan T, Qin Y, Ling S, Ling H, Wu G, Li Y, Wang J, Jin S. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identifies the atlas of lymph fluid and reveals a sepsis-related T cell subset. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115469. [PMID: 40178976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
The lymphoid cycle serves as a sentinel of the immune response, yet the cell subtypes and immune properties within lymph fluid remain unclear. This study describes a comprehensive characterization of immune cells in rat lymph fluid using single-cell RNA sequencing, identifying a unique subset of CD4+ T cells (CD4_Icos) that suppresses inflammation in early sepsis. Trajectory analysis reveals that CD4+Icos+ T cells can differentiate into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Transferring CD4+Icos+ T cells alleviates CLP-induced organ injury, while CD4+ Icos-knockout (KO) mice show reduced Treg numbers, increased inflammation, and higher mortality. Further experiments identify Npas2 as an Icos-specific transcription factor regulating Icos expression and promoting the differentiation of CD4+Icos+ T cells. Clinical data show a negative correlation between ICOS expression in CD4+ T cells and clinical outcomes in septic patients. These findings highlight the protective role of CD4+ T cells in modulating immune responses and mitigating sepsis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panwei He
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Precision Anesthesiology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxia Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanlong Liu
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Precision Anesthesiology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunwang Ling
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanzhi Ling
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Precision Anesthesiology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gan Wu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Precision Anesthesiology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Precision Anesthesiology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Precision Anesthesiology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Tian X, Lin K, Weng J, Fu X, Chen Y, Li X, Cheng B, Zhang X, Gong Y, Jin S, Gao Y. Erythropoietin as a critical prognostic indicator in ICU patients with sepsis: a prospective observational study. J Intensive Care 2025; 13:17. [PMID: 40114237 PMCID: PMC11924785 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-025-00787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone primarily produced in the kidneys, plays pleiotropic roles in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic system. However, the clinical relevance of circulating EPO in sepsis progression and outcomes remains contentious and requires further elucidation. METHODS Participants were categorized into three groups on the basis of EPO tertiles. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to evaluate the association between EPO levels and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediating role of EPO in the relationship between lactate and 28-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 267 patients (65.17% male) were included in the study. The 28-day and hospital mortality rates were 23.22 and 31.20%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression revealed significantly higher 28-day and hospital mortality in the highest EPO tertile compared to the lowest (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.20-7.22; HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.05-5.81, respectively). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a progressively increasing mortality risk with elevated EPO levels. Subgroup analyses confirmed the consistency and stability of the effect size and direction across different subgroups. Moreover, causal intermediary analysis revealed that the association between lactate and 28-day mortality was partially mediated by EPO, with a mediation ratio of 12.59%. CONCLUSIONS Elevated EPO levels in patients with sepsis are correlated with unfavorable prognoses and may function as a prognostic biomarker for adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinyi Tian
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifan Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Fu
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bihuan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqiang Gong
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang J, Jiang S, Jiang J, Liu Y. Global research landscape on nanotechnology in acute lung injury: a bibliometric analysis. Front Digit Health 2025; 7:1472753. [PMID: 40103738 PMCID: PMC11913875 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1472753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury is a common respiratory emergency that seriously affects the life, health and quality of life of patients, especially after the global COVID-19 pneumonia. The application of nanotechnology in acute lung injury is promising. In response to the knowledge explosion resulting from rapid publication growth, we applied bibliometric analysis to explore the research profile and thematic trends in the field. Methods Articles and reviews related to nanotechnology in acute lung injury from 2004 to 2023 were searched. Java-based Citespace, VOSviewer, and R software-based Bibiometrix were used to systematically evaluate publications by spatiotemporal distribution, author distribution, subject categories, topic distribution, references, and keywords. Results A total of 1,347 publications were included. The number of papers related to nanotechnology in acute lung injury has grown exponentially over the past 20 years. China was the most productive country out of all 53 countries, followed by the United States. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution with 76 papers. PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY was the most productive journal. The top five high-frequency keywords were inflammation, oxidative stress, toxicity, in vitro, respiratory-distress-syndrome. And the top five emerging keywords were delivery, covid-19, extracellular vesicles, therapy, sars-cov-2. Drug delivery are the focus of current research. Two emerging research areas represented the development trends: novel nanocarriers with higher efficiency and lower biotoxicity, and the other is research related to impact of nanomaterials in the progression of acute lung injury. Conclusion The field of nanotechnology in acute lung injury has been in a period of rapid development in the last three years. Delivery,targeted delivery and exosm have been the focus of current research in this field. Two emerging research areas represented the development trends:novel nanocarriers with higher efficiency and lower biotoxicity such as extracellular vesicles, exosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, and the other is research related to impact of nanomaterials in the progression of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Postgraduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jipeng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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