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Krypotos AM, Sjouwerman R, Teppers M, Vlaeyen JWS. Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in individuals with chronic pain. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104491. [PMID: 38452688 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Avoidance of pain has been argued to be key factor leading pain events to chronic disability. In this respect, research has focused on investigating the working mechanisms of avoidance's acquisition. Avoidance of painful stimuli has been traditionally studied using a combination of Pavlovian and Instrumental procedures. However, such approach seems to go against real-life scenarios where avoidance is commonly acquired more readily. Using a novel pain avoidance paradigm, we tested whether pain avoidance can be installed in absence of associations between a cue and pain omission, and whether such avoidance differs between pain patients and healthy controls. Participants first learned to avoid painful stimuli by pressing a grip bar. Then, they passively encountered pairings of one geometrical shape with pain and of another geometrical shape without pain. Lastly, participants encountered the geometrical shapes while being able to use the grip bar. Results showed that participants pressed the bar more vigorously when encountering the previously pain-related shape compared to the pain-unrelated shape. This effect did not seem to differ between pain patients and healthy control. Our study could inspire a new way in measuring avoidance in pain, possibly paving the way to better understanding how avoidance is installed in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos
- Research Group of Healthy Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
| | | | - Mathijs Teppers
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Lanaken, Belgium; TRACE (Centre for Translational Psychological Research), Belgium
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- Research Group of Healthy Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University, Netherlands
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2
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Watson P, Mahlberg J. Mechanisms underlying performance in a cued go/no-go Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114413. [PMID: 37001819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cues that remind us of rewarding outcomes (drugs, food) play a significant role in addiction relapse. In the lab the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) task has been used to formally examine how cues associated with reward or punishment can bias ongoing instrumental responding. Using a version of this paradigm that integrates PIT with a go/no-go task many studies have related stronger PIT effects (with non-drug rewards) to problematic alcohol use including risky alcohol users relative to non-risky drinkers, individuals with alcohol dependence versus healthy controls and individuals in recovery from alcohol use disorder who are more likely to relapse. However the theoretical importance of these findings and the implications for models of addiction was previously not clear. Understanding if this task indexes the general motivating effects of reward cues on instrumental responding (and whether this is sensitive to shifts in motivation for those outcomes) is critical for understanding these previous results within the context of addiction. Thus, in the current study we aimed to delineate the associative mechanisms that drive the stimulus effects observed in this PIT task. Specifically, we wished to examine whether the cueing effects observed in the cued-go/no-go task were selective in their effect on action, insofar as Pavlovian cues specifically invigorated (or suppressed) responding only if they were associated with congruent outcomes. We conclude that the PIT measured with this task is general in nature. Surprisingly however, the biasing effects of Pavlovian cues on instrumental responding did not appear to be sensitive to outcome devaluation.
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3
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Garbusow M, Ebrahimi C, Riemerschmid C, Daldrup L, Rothkirch M, Chen K, Chen H, Belanger MJ, Hentschel A, Smolka MN, Heinz A, Pilhatsch M, Rapp MA. Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer across Mental Disorders: A Review. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:418-437. [PMID: 35843212 DOI: 10.1159/000525579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism known as Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes a phenomenon by which the values of environmental cues acquired through Pavlovian conditioning can motivate instrumental behavior. PIT may be one basic mechanism of action control that can characterize mental disorders on a dimensional level beyond current classification systems. Therefore, we review human PIT studies investigating subclinical and clinical mental syndromes. The literature prevails an inhomogeneous picture concerning PIT. While enhanced PIT effects seem to be present in non-substance-related disorders, overweight people, and most studies with AUD patients, no altered PIT effects were reported in tobacco use disorder and obesity. Regarding AUD and relapsing alcohol-dependent patients, there is mixed evidence of enhanced or no PIT effects. Additionally, there is evidence for aberrant corticostriatal activation and genetic risk, e.g., in association with high-risk alcohol consumption and relapse after alcohol detoxification. In patients with anorexia nervosa, stronger PIT effects elicited by low caloric stimuli were associated with increased disease severity. In patients with depression, enhanced aversive PIT effects and a loss of action-specificity associated with poorer treatment outcomes were reported. Schizophrenic patients showed disrupted specific but intact general PIT effects. Patients with chronic back pain showed reduced PIT effects. We provide possible reasons to understand heterogeneity in PIT effects within and across mental disorders. Further, we strengthen the importance of reliable experimental tasks and provide test-retest data of a PIT task showing moderate to good reliability. Finally, we point toward stress as a possible underlying factor that may explain stronger PIT effects in mental disorders, as there is some evidence that stress per se interacts with the impact of environmental cues on behavior by selectively increasing cue-triggered wanting. To conclude, we discuss the results of the literature review in the light of Research Domain Criteria, suggesting future studies that comprehensively assess PIT across psychopathological dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlotta Riemerschmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Daldrup
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Rothkirch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Hentschel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilan Pilhatsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Elblandklinikum, Radebeul, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Area of Excellence Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Zhao Y, Skandali N, Bethlehem RAI, Voon V. Mesial Prefrontal Cortex and Alcohol Misuse: Dissociating Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Relationships in UK Biobank. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:907-916. [PMID: 35589437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse is a major global public health issue. The disorder is characterized by aberrant neural networks interacting with environment and genetics. Dissecting the neural substrates and functional networks that relate to longitudinal changes in alcohol use from those that relate to alcohol misuse cross-sectionally is important to elucidate therapeutic approaches. METHODS To assess how neuroimaging data, including T1, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging, relate to alcohol misuse cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the UK Biobank, this study analyzed range of alcohol misuse in a population-based normative sample of 24,784 participants, ages 45 to 81 years old, in a cross-sectional analysis and a sample of 3070 participants in a longitudinal analysis 2 years later. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis showed that alcohol use is associated with a reduction in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex gray matter concentration and functional resting-state connectivity (nodal degree: t24,422 = -12.99, p < 1 × 10-17). Reduced dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex functional connections to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and striatum relate to greater alcohol use. In a longitudinal analysis, higher resting-state nodal degree (t3036 = -3.27, p = .0011) and T1 gray matter concentration in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex relate to reduced alcohol intake frequency 2 years later. Higher ventromedial prefrontal cortex and frontoparietal executive network functional connectivity is associated with lower subsequent drinking longitudinally. CONCLUSIONS Dorsal versus ventromedial prefrontal regions are differentially related to alcohol misuse cross-sectionally or longitudinally in a large UK Biobank normative dataset. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiological substrates of alcohol use as a state or prospectively, thereby providing potential targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Nikolina Skandali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valerie Voon
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Peng Z, He L, Wen R, Verguts T, Seger CA, Chen Q. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by decreased Pavlovian influence on instrumental behavior. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009945. [PMID: 36215326 PMCID: PMC9584381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by uncontrollable repetitive actions thought to rely on abnormalities within fundamental instrumental learning systems. We investigated cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying Pavlovian biases on instrumental behavior in both clinical OCD patients and healthy controls using a Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) task. PIT is typically evidenced by increased responding in the presence of a positive (previously rewarded) Pavlovian cue, and reduced responding in the presence of a negative cue. Thirty OCD patients and thirty-one healthy controls completed the Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer test, which included instrumental training, Pavlovian training for positive, negative and neutral cues, and a PIT phase in which participants performed the instrumental task in the presence of the Pavlovian cues. Modified Rescorla-Wagner models were fitted to trial-by-trial data of participants to estimate underlying computational mechanism and quantify individual differences during training and transfer stages. Bayesian hierarchical methods were used to estimate free parameters and compare the models. Behavioral and computational results indicated a weaker Pavlovian influence on instrumental behavior in OCD patients than in HC, especially for negative Pavlovian cues. Our results contrast with the increased PIT effects reported for another set of disorders characterized by compulsivity, substance use disorders, in which PIT is enhanced. A possible reason for the reduced PIT in OCD may be impairment in using the contextual information provided by the cues to appropriately adjust behavior, especially when inhibiting responding when a negative cue is present. This study provides deeper insight into our understanding of deficits in OCD from the perspective of Pavlovian influences on instrumental behavior and may have implications for OCD treatment modalities focused on reducing compulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luning He
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhen Wen
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom Verguts
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carol A. Seger
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CS); (QC)
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CS); (QC)
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Gibson BC, Claus ED, Sanguinetti J, Witkiewitz K, Clark VP. A review of functional brain differences predicting relapse in substance use disorder: Actionable targets for new methods of noninvasive brain stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104821. [PMID: 35970417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified a variety of brain regions whose activity predicts substance use (i.e., relapse) in patients with substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting that malfunctioning brain networks may exacerbate relapse. However, this knowledge has not yet led to a marked improvement in treatment outcomes. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown some potential for treating SUDs, and a new generation of NIBS technologies offers the possibility of selectively altering activity in both superficial and deep brain structures implicated in SUDs. The goal of the current review was to identify deeper brain structures involved in relapse to SUD and give an account of innovative methods of NIBS that might be used to target them. Included studies measured fMRI in currently abstinent SUD patients and tracked treatment outcomes, and fMRI results were organized with the framework of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA). Four brain structures were consistently implicated: the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, ventral striatum and insula. These four deeper brain structures may be appropriate future targets for the treatment of SUD using these innovative NIBS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Gibson
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jay Sanguinetti
- The Center for Consciousness Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
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7
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Chen Q, Liu M, Wen R, Xu C, Wei Z, Zhang W, Seger CA, Peng Z. Dysfunction of goal-directed control in patients with depression and nonsuicidal self-injury. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2607. [PMID: 35588292 PMCID: PMC9226815 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common problem associated with dangerous outcomes. Dysfunction of goal-directed behavioral control may contribute to NSSI. To test this, we used a novel experimental paradigm (Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer, PIT) to test whether patients with NSSI utilize Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) during goal-directed control of ongoing behavior. METHODS Thirty-five depressed patients with NSSI (D-NSSI) and thirty-four healthy controls performed a PIT task. We measured the influence of positive and negative background CSs on instrumental responses for rewards. RESULTS The results showed that D-NSSI performed significantly lower PIT than controls, and PIT measures were negatively correlated with NSSI frequency. Furthermore, in a subset of patients exhibiting high levels of compulsivity, PIT positively moderated the relationship between compulsivity and NSSI frequency. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that D-NSSI patients have difficulties in using different CSs to control ongoing behavior in a goal-directed manner, and the dysfunction of goal-directed control may contribute to NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhen Wen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanyong Xu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carol A Seger
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ziwen Peng
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Machine learning approaches for parsing comorbidity/heterogeneity in antisociality and substance use disorders: A primer. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 4:e6. [PMID: 34909565 PMCID: PMC8640675 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2021.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By some accounts, as many as 93% of individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or psychopathy also meet criteria for some form of substance use disorder (SUD). This high level of comorbidity, combined with an overlapping biopsychosocial profile, and potentially interacting features, has made it difficult to delineate the shared/unique characteristics of each disorder. Moreover, while rarely acknowledged, both SUD and antisociality exist as highly heterogeneous disorders in need of more targeted parcellation. While emerging data-driven nosology for psychiatric disorders (e.g., Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)) offers the opportunity for a more systematic delineation of the externalizing spectrum, the interrogation of large, complex neuroimaging-based datasets may require data-driven approaches that are not yet widely employed in psychiatric neuroscience. With this in mind, the proposed article sets out to provide an introduction into machine learning methods for neuroimaging that can help parse comorbid, heterogeneous externalizing samples. The modest machine learning work conducted to date within the externalizing domain demonstrates the potential utility of the approach but remains highly nascent. Within the paper, we make suggestions for how future work can make use of machine learning methods, in combination with emerging psychiatric nosology systems, to further diagnostic and etiological understandings of the externalizing spectrum. Finally, we briefly consider some challenges that will need to be overcome to encourage further progress in the field.
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Reichert M, Gan G, Renz M, Braun U, Brüßler S, Timm I, Ma R, Berhe O, Benedyk A, Moldavski A, Schweiger JI, Hennig O, Zidda F, Heim C, Banaschewski T, Tost H, Ebner-Priemer UW, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Ambulatory assessment for precision psychiatry: Foundations, current developments and future avenues. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113807. [PMID: 34228998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision psychiatry stands to benefit from the latest digital technologies for assessment and analyses to tailor treatment towards individuals. Insights into dynamic psychological processes as they unfold in humans' everyday life can critically add value in understanding symptomatology and environmental stressors to provide individualized treatment where and when needed. Towards this goal, ambulatory assessment encompasses methodological approaches to investigate behavioral, physiological, and biological processes in humans' everyday life. It combines repeated assessments of symptomatology over time, e.g., via Ecological Momentary Assessment (e.g., smartphone-diaries), with monitoring of physical behavior, environmental characteristics (such as geolocations, social interactions) and physiological function via sensors, e.g., mobile accelerometers, global-positioning-systems, and electrocardiography. In this review, we expand on promises of ambulatory assessment in the investigation of mental states (e.g., real-life, dynamical and contextual perspective), on chances for precision psychiatry such as the prediction of courses of psychiatric disorders, detection of tipping points and critical windows of relapse, and treatment effects as exemplified by ongoing projects, and on future avenues of how ambulatory interventions can benefit personalized care for psychiatric patients (e.g., through real-time feedback in everyday life). Ambulatory assessment is a key contributor to precision psychiatry, opening up promising avenues in research, diagnoses, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), 44801 Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Malika Renz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Brüßler
- mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Irina Timm
- mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ren Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Benedyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Moldavski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Zidda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
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10
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Önal A, Rapp MA, Sebold M, Garbusow M, Chen H, Kuitunen-Paul S, Montag C, Kluge U, Smolka MN, Heinz A. Empathy and the ability to experience one's own emotions modify the expression of blatant and subtle prejudice among young male adults. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:471-479. [PMID: 33798974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prejudices can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and violence particularly among young male adults. Previous findings suggest that the degree of holding prejudices is linked to low levels of empathy, while low levels of empathy have been associated with alexithymia, the inability to experience one's own feelings. We tested the hypothesis that the impact of a lack of empathy on reporting blatant and subtle prejudices is moderated by the inability to identify one's own feelings. In a sample of n = 136 young male adults aged 21 years (mean = 21.5 years; sd = 0.3), we conducted correlation and moderator analyses to determine possible relationships between prejudices, empathy, and alexithymia as assessed by self-report questionnaires. Prejudices were assessed by the Blatant and Subtle Prejudice Scale (BSPS), empathy was assessed by the German modified version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and alexithymia by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Self-reported empathy levels were correlated with the strength of subtle and blatant prejudices. The moderation analyses revealed that the negative association between empathy and subtle prejudice increased with decreasing alexithymia. The negative association between empathy and blatant prejudice, on the other hand, was significant only for participants with low levels of alexithymia. These results suggest that empathy can limit the expression of blatant and to some degree also subtle prejudice when subjects are capable to identify their own feelings in a group of young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Önal
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - M A Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - M Sebold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Garbusow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Centre, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Kuitunen-Paul
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - C Montag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - U Kluge
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - M N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Centre, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Sebold M, Garbusow M, Cerci D, Chen K, Sommer C, Huys QJM, Nebe S, Rapp M, Veer IM, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN, Walter H, Heinz A, Friedel E. Association of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:566-578. [PMID: 33726538 PMCID: PMC8155738 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene affects opioid receptor availability and function. Furthermore, this polymorphism interacts with cue-induced approach behaviour and is a potential biomarker for pharmacological treatment response in AD. In this study, we tested whether the OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with the PIT effect and relapse in AD. METHODS Using a PIT task, we examined three independent samples: young healthy subjects (N = 161), detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (N = 186) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 105). We used data from a larger study designed to assess the role of learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AD. Subjects were genotyped for the A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene. Relapse was assessed after three months. RESULTS In all three samples, participants with the minor OPRM1 G-Allele (G+ carriers) showed increased expression of the PIT effect in the absence of learning differences. Relapse was not associated with the OPRM1 polymorphism. Instead, G+ carriers displaying increased PIT effects were particularly prone to relapse. CONCLUSION These results support a role for the opioid system in incentive salience motivation. Furthermore, they inform a mechanistic model of aberrant salience processing and are in line with the pharmacological potential of opioid receptor targets in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive
Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Deniz Cerci
- Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie,
Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Quentin JM Huys
- Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational
Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Economics, University of
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive
Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Technical University of Dresden,
Dresden, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine and
Psychotherapy, kbo Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Friedel
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Current theories of alcohol use disorders (AUD) highlight the importance of Pavlovian and instrumental learning processes mainly based on preclinical animal studies. Here, we summarize available evidence for alterations of those processes in human participants with AUD with a focus on habitual versus goal-directed instrumental learning, Pavlovian conditioning, and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigms.
Recent Findings
The balance between habitual and goal-directed control in AUD participants has been studied using outcome devaluation or sequential decision-making procedures, which have found some evidence of reduced goal-directed/model-based control, but little evidence for stronger habitual responding. The employed Pavlovian learning and PIT paradigms have shown considerable differences regarding experimental procedures, e.g., alcohol-related or conventional reinforcers or stimuli.
Summary
While studies of basic learning processes in human participants with AUD support a role of Pavlovian and instrumental learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of drug addiction, current studies are characterized by large variability regarding methodology, sample characteristics, and results, and translation from animal paradigms to human research remains challenging. Longitudinal approaches with reliable and ecologically valid paradigms of Pavlovian and instrumental processes, including alcohol-related cues and outcomes, are warranted and should be combined with state-of-the-art imaging techniques, computational approaches, and ecological momentary assessment methods.
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Friedel E, Walter H, Veer IM, Zimmermann US, Heinz A, Frieling H, Zindler T. Impact of Long‐Term Alcohol Consumption and Relapse on Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Changes in Alcohol‐Dependent Subjects: A Longitudinal Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1356-1365. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Friedel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthCharité Campus Mitte (CCM) Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthCharité Campus Mitte (CCM) Berlin Germany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthCharité Campus Mitte (CCM) Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Zimmermann
- Department of Addiction Medicine and Psychotherapykbo Isar‐Amper‐Klinikum Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthCharité Campus Mitte (CCM) Berlin Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Tristan Zindler
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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14
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Freeman J, Parkes A, Lewis N, Davey JD, Armstrong KA, Truelove V. Past behaviours and future intentions: An examination of perceptual deterrence and alcohol consumption upon a range of drink driving events. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 137:105428. [PMID: 32004859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The threat of application of legal sanctions remains the prominent approach to reduce the prevalence of drink driving in a vast array of motoring jurisdictions. However, ongoing questions remain regarding: (a) the extent that such mechanisms impact upon offending behaviours, (b) the deleterious effect alcohol consumption has on decisions to drink and drive and (c) how best to operationalise (and measure) the concept of drink driving to enhance the accurate measurement of the dependent variable. METHOD This paper reports on an examination of 773 Queensland motorists' (across nine local government areas) perceptions of both legal and non-legal drink driving sanctions (as well as alcohol consumption) in order to gauge the deterrent impact upon a range of measures of drink driving: the driver thinking they are over the limit, the driver knowing they are over the limit, attempts to evade random breath testing, and intentions to re-offend. The sample completed an online or paper version of the questionnaire. RESULTS The majority of participants reported "never" engaging in "possible" (74.5 %) or "acknowledged" (83.4 %) drink driving events, although a considerable proportion of the sample reported engaging in "possible" (25.5 %) or "acknowledged" (16.6 %) drink driving and attempting to evade RBT (18 %) events, as well as possible intentions to drink and drive in the future (22 %). Males were more likely to report such events. Perceptions of both legal sanctions (certainty, severity and swiftness) as well as non-legal sanctions (fear of social, internal or physical harm) were relatively high and consistent with previous research. Interestingly, non-legal sanctions were reported as stronger deterrents than legal sanctions. However, multivariate analysis revealed that legal deterrents had limited utility predicting offending behaviours, but rather, demographic characteristics (e.g., younger motorists, males) as well as risky drinking behaviour were better predictors. In regards to intentions to offend, a past conviction for drink driving was also a predictor of re-offending. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS These results highlight the ongoing challenges of addressing the problem of drink driving and that some motorists: (a) have entrenched behaviour and/or (b) make the decision to drink and drive before they are under the influence of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Freeman
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia.
| | - Alexander Parkes
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Naomi Lewis
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Jeremy D Davey
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Kerry A Armstrong
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Verity Truelove
- Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
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Does acute stress influence the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effect? Implications for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2305-2316. [PMID: 32506233 PMCID: PMC7351872 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL The ability of conditioned stimuli to affect instrumental responding is a robust finding from animal as well as human research and is assumed as a key factor regarding the development and maintenance of addictive behaviour. OBJECTIVES While it is well known that stress is an important factor for relapse after treatment, little is known about the impact of stress on conditioned substance-associated stimuli and their influence on instrumental responding. METHODS We administered in the present study a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm with stimuli associated with smoking- and chocolate-related rewards using points in a token economy to light to moderate smokers who also indicated to like eating chocolate. After completion of the first two phases of the PIT paradigm (i.e. Pavlovian training and instrumental trainings), participants were randomly allocated to the socially evaluated cold pressor test or a control condition before the final phase of the PIT paradigm, the transfer phase, was administered. RESULTS The presentation of a smoking-related stimulus enhanced instrumental responding for a smoking-related reward (i.e. 'smoking-PIT' effect) and presentation of a chocolate-related stimulus for a chocolate-related reward (i.e. 'chocolate-PIT' effect) in participants aware of the experimental contingencies as indicated by expectancy ratings. However, acute stress did not change (i.e. neither enhanced nor attenuated) the 'smoking-PIT' effect or the 'chocolate-PIT' effect, and no overall effect of acute stress on tobacco choice was observed in aware participants. CONCLUSIONS The established role of stress in addiction appears not to be driven by an augmenting effect on the ability of drug stimuli to promote drug-seeking.
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16
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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17
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Salamone JD, Correa M. Patterns of Neural Responses, Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer, and Prediction of Relapse. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:807-808. [PMID: 31668220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D Salamone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
| | - Merce Correa
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
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