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Phyu K, Zhi S, Liang J, Chang CC, Liu J, Cao Y, Wang H, Zhang K. Microalgal-bacterial consortia for the treatment of livestock wastewater: Removal of pollutants, interaction mechanisms, influencing factors, and prospects for application. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123864. [PMID: 38554837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The livestock sector is responsible for a significant amount of wastewater globally. The microalgal-bacterial consortium (MBC) treatment has gained increasing attention as it is able to eliminate pollutants to yield value-added microalgal products. This review offers a critical discussion of the source of pollutants from livestock wastewater and the environmental impact of these pollutants. It also discusses the interactions between microalgae and bacteria in treatment systems and natural habitats in detail. The effects on MBC on the removal of various pollutants (conventional and emerging) are highlighted, focusing specifically on analysis of the removal mechanisms. Notably, the various influencing factors are classified into internal, external, and operating factors, and the mutual feedback relationships between them and the target (removal efficiency and biomass) have been thoroughly analysed. Finally, a wastewater recycling treatment model based on MBC is proposed for the construction of a green livestock farm, and the application value of various microalgal products has been analysed. The overall aim was to indicate that the use of MBC can provide cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches for the treatment of livestock wastewater, thereby advancing the path toward a promising microalgal-bacterial-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- KhinKhin Phyu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Junfeng Liang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Chein-Chi Chang
- Washington D.C. Water and Sewer Authority, Ellicott City, MD, 21042, USA.
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Yuang Cao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Han Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Patel RJ, Nerurkar AS. Thauera sp. for efficient nitrate removal in continuous denitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:429-442. [PMID: 38441647 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Thauera is the most widely found dominant denitrifying genus in wastewater. In earlier study, MBBR augmented with a specially developed denitrifying five-membered bacterial consortium (DC5) where Thauera was found to be the most abundant and persistent genus. Therefore, to check the functional potential of Thauera in the removal of nitrate-containing wastewater in the present study Thauera sp.V14 one of the member of the consortium DC5 was used as the model organism. Thauera sp.V14 exhibited strong hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation ability, biofilm formation and denitrification ability, which indicated its robust adaptability short colonization and nitrate removal efficiency. Continuous reactor studies with Thauera sp.V14 in 10 L dMBBR showed 91% of denitrification efficiency with an initial nitrate concentration of 620 mg L-1 within 3 h of HRT. Thus, it revealed that Thauera can be employed as an effective microorganism for nitrate removal from wastewater based on its performance in the present studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni J Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Anuradha S Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Chen J, Ma S, Wang H, Wang Y, Ren H, Xu K. Weak magnetic carriers reduce nitrite accumulation and boost denitrification at high nitrate concentrations by enriching functional bacteria and enhancing electron transfer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119734. [PMID: 38071915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Biological denitrification is the dominant method for NO3- removal from wastewater, while high NO3- leads to NO2- accumulation and inhibits denitrification performance. In this study, different weak magnetic carriers (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mT) were used to enhance biological denitrification at NO3- of 50-2400 mg/L. The effect of magnetic carriers on the removal and mechanism of denitrification of high NO3- was investigated. The results showed that 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers significantly enhanced the TN removal efficiency (>99%) and reduced the accumulation of NO2- (by > 97%) at NO3- of 1200-2400 mg/L 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers stimulated microbial electron transport by improving the abundances of coenzyme Q-cytochrome C reductase (by 4.44-23.30%) and cytochrome C (by 2.90-16.77%), which contributed to the enhanced elimination of NO3- and NO2-. 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers increased the activities of NAR (by 3.74-37.59%) and NIR (by 5.01-8.24%). The abundance of narG genes in 0.6 and 0.9 mT was 1.47-2.35 and 1.38-1.75 times that of R1, respectively, and the abundance of nirS genes was 1.49-2.83 and 1.55-2.39 times that of R1, respectively. Denitrifying microorganisms, e.g., Halomonas, Thauera and Pseudomonas were enriched at 0.6 and 0.9 mT carriers, which benefited to the advanced denitrification performance. This study suggests that weak magnetic carriers can help to enhance the biological denitrification of high NO3- wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sijia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Hu Q, Yang K, Peng O, Li M, Ma L, Huang S, Du Y, Xu ZX, Wang Q, Chen Z, Yang M, Loh KP. Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate Using a Ruthenium-Copper Cocatalyst System: A Full Concentration Range Study. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:668-676. [PMID: 38154089 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia via the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) has been intensively researched as an alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. Most research focuses on the low concentration range representative of the nitrate level in wastewater, leaving the high concentration range, which exists in nuclear and fertilizer wastes, unexplored. The use of a concentrated electrolyte (≥1 M) for higher rate production is hampered by poor hydrogen transfer kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate that a cocatalytic system of Ru/Cu2O catalyst enables NO3RR at 10.0 A in 1 M nitrate electrolyte in a 16 cm2 flow electrolyzer, with 100% faradaic efficiency toward ammonia. Detailed mechanistic studies by deuterium labeling and operando Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allow us to probe the hydrogen transfer rate and intermediate species on Ru/Cu2O. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations reveal that adsorbed hydroxide on Ru nanoparticles increases the density of the hydrogen-bonded water network near the Cu2O surface, which promotes the hydrogen transfer rate. Our work highlights the importance of engineering synergistic interactions in cocatalysts for addressing the kinetic bottleneck in electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ouwen Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Minzhang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Songpeng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yonghua Du
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Zong-Xiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Luo J, Miao S, Koju R, Joshi TP, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. Simultaneous removal of aromatic pollutants and nitrate at high concentrations by hypersaline denitrification:Long-term continuous experiments investigation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118292. [PMID: 35421667 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
If we can use toxic aromatic compounds as supplementary carbon source, the simultaneous removal of nitrate (NO3-) and aromatic compounds may be achieved at much lower chemical costs. This study uses the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors to investigate the hypersaline (> 3%) denitrification performance, the removal of aromatic compounds, i.e., aniline, phenol, and their mixture, and the mechanisms involved in. The four reactors exhibit high removal efficiency of NO3- (> 92.8%) and aromatic compounds (> 73.9%) at 0-1200 mg/L of aromatic compounds. The formation of toxic intermediates such as catechol and azo dyes is revealed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with and without N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivation, and their toxic effects lead to the lower cell survival ratios after exposing to phenol (64.2% ∼ 68.9%) than to aniline and mixture (72.7% ∼ 78.0%). The stable performance is associated with the more secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the adsorption of pollutants on EPS, and this was indicated from the higher fluorescence intensity in three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM). Moreover, the Halomonas and Azoarcus show high abundance and play important roles in the removal of both NO3- and aromatic compounds. Besides, quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) results demonstrate the key role of highly abundant nosZ and nirS genes in denitrification. The toxic organics in industrial wastewaters are potentially feasible carbon sources for denitrification even under high-salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Shiyu Miao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rashmi Koju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tista Prasai Joshi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Environment and Climate Study Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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6
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Hassan M, Zhu G, Yang Z, Lu Y. Simultaneous removal of sulfamethoxazole and enhanced denitrification process from simulated municipal wastewater by a novel 3D-BER system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:23-38. [PMID: 34150216 PMCID: PMC8172732 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, at an electric current intensity at 60 mA, more than 90.50 ± 4.76% of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was degraded. The strengthening of bacterial metabolisms and the sustainment of electrical stimulation contributed to the rapid removal of SMX and nitrates from simulated wastewater by a novel 3D-BER system. From the literature, very few studies have been performed to investigate the high risk of nitrates and antibiotics SMX found in wastewater treatment. The highest antibiotic SMX and nitrogen removal efficiency was 96.45 ± 2.4% (nitrate-N), 99.5 ± 1.5% (nitrite-N), 88.45 ± 1.4% (ammonia-N), 78.6 ± 1.0% (total nitrogen), and SMX (90.50 ± 4.76%), respectively. These results were significantly higher as compared to control system (p < 0.05). The highest denitrification efficiency was achieved at the pH level of 7.0 ± 0.20 - 7.5 ± 0.31. Lower or higher pH value can effect on an approach of heterotrophic-autotrophic denitrification. Moreover, low current intensity did not show any significant effect on the degradation, however, enhanced the removal rate of nitrate or nitrite as well as antibiotic SMX. Based on the results of HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis, the intermediate products were proposed after efficient biodegradation of SMX. Finally, these results is expected to provide some new insights towards the high electric currents, changes the bacterial community structure, and the activated sludge which played an important role in the biodegradation of SMX and nitrates removal more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hassan
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
- School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 China
| | - Zhonglian Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
| | - Yongze Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 Jiangsu China
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Albina P, Durban N, Bertron A, Albrecht A, Robinet JC, Erable B. Nitrate and nitrite bacterial reduction at alkaline pH and high nitrate concentrations, comparison of acetate versus dihydrogen as electron donors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111859. [PMID: 33352382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses bacterial denitrification at alkaline pH, up to 12, and high nitrate concentration, up to 400 mM. Two types of electron donors organic (acetate) and inorganic (dihydrogen) were compared. With both types of electron donors, nitrite reduction was the key step, likely to increase the pH and lead to nitrite accumulation. Firstly, an acclimation process was used: nitrate was progressively increased in three cultures set at pH 9, 10, or 11. This method allowed to observe for the first time nitrate reduction up to pH 10 and 100 mM nitrate with dihydrogen, or up to pH 10 and 400 mM nitrate with acetate. Nitrate reduction kinetics were faster in the presence of acetate. To investigate further the impact of the type of electron donor, a transition from acetate to dihydrogen was tested, and the pH evolution was modelled. Denitrification with dihydrogen strongly increases the pH while with acetate the pH evolution depends on the initial pH. The main difference is the production of acidifying CO2 during the acetate oxidation. Finally, the use of long duration cultures with a highly alkaline pH allowed a nitrate reduction up to pH 11.5 with acetate. However, no reduction was possible in hydrogenotrophy as it would have increased the pH further. Instead, bacteria used organic matter from inoculum to reduce nitrate at pH 11.5. Therefore, considering bacterial denitrification in a context of alkaline pH and high nitrate concentration an organic electron donor such as acetate is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Albina
- LGC, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; LMDC, INSA/UPS Génie Civil, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
| | - Nadège Durban
- LGC, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; LMDC, INSA/UPS Génie Civil, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Alexandra Bertron
- LMDC, INSA/UPS Génie Civil, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Achim Albrecht
- Andra, 1-7 rue Jean-Monet, Châtenay-Malabry, 62298, France
| | | | - Benjamin Erable
- LGC, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Removal of high concentrations of NO3− from nuclear industrial wastewater by using a fixed-bed bioreactor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Albina P, Durban N, Bertron A, Albrecht A, Robinet JC, Erable B. Influence of Hydrogen Electron Donor, Alkaline pH, and High Nitrate Concentrations on Microbial Denitrification: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205163. [PMID: 31635215 PMCID: PMC6834205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial respiration of nitrate is a natural process of nitrate reduction, which has been industrialized to treat anthropic nitrate pollution. This process, also known as “microbial denitrification”, is widely documented from the fundamental and engineering points of view for the enhancement of the removal of nitrate in wastewater. For this purpose, experiments are generally conducted with heterotrophic microbial metabolism, neutral pH and moderate nitrate concentrations (<50 mM). The present review focuses on a different approach as it aims to understand the effects of hydrogenotrophy, alkaline pH and high nitrate concentration on microbial denitrification. Hydrogen has a high energy content but its low solubility, 0.74 mM (1 atm, 30 °C), in aqueous medium limits its bioavailability, putting it at a kinetic disadvantage compared to more soluble organic compounds. For most bacteria, the optimal pH varies between 7.5 and 9.5. Outside this range, denitrification is slowed down and nitrite (NO2−) accumulates. Some alkaliphilic bacteria are able to express denitrifying activity at pH levels close to 12 thanks to specific adaptation and resistance mechanisms detailed in this manuscript, and some bacterial populations support nitrate concentrations in the range of several hundred mM to 1 M. A high concentration of nitrate generally leads to an accumulation of nitrite. Nitrite accumulation can inhibit bacterial activity and may be a cause of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Albina
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA. 135, 7 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31030 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nadège Durban
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA. 135, 7 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31030 Toulouse, France.
| | - Alexandra Bertron
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA. 135, 7 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
| | - Achim Albrecht
- Andra (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs), 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Robinet
- Andra (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs), 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Benjamin Erable
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31030 Toulouse, France.
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Du R, Peng Y, Ji J, Shi L, Gao R, Li X. Partial denitrification providing nitrite: Opportunities of extending application for anammox. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105001. [PMID: 31336256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been extensively investigated for cost-efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, the major issues of nitrate (NO3--N) residue and instability in the current combination of nitritation and anammox process necessitates being addressed efficiently. The recently proposed partial-denitrification (PD), terminating NO3--N reduction to nitrite (NO2--N), has been regarded as a promising alternative of NO2--N supplying for anammox bacteria. Given the engineering practices, the steadily high NO2--N production, alleviating organic inhibition, and reducing greenhouse gas of PD process offers a viable and efficient approach for anammox implementation. Moreover, it allows for the extending applications of anammox process due to the NO3--N removal availability. Here we comprehensively review the important new outcomes and discuss the emerging applications of PD-based anammox including the process development, mechanism understanding, and future trends. Significant greater stability and enhanced nitrogen removal efficiency have been demonstrated in the novel integrations of PD and anammox process, indicating a broad perspective in dealing with the mainstream municipal sewage, ammonia-rich streams, and industrial NO3--N contained wastewater. Furthermore, researches are still needed for the predictable and controllable strategies, along with the detailed microbiological information in future study. Overall, the achievement of PD process provides unique opportunity catalyzing the engineering applications of energy-efficient and environmental-friendly wastewater treatment via anammox technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jiantao Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Liangliang Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ruitao Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Kondaveeti S, Kang E, Liu H, Min B. Continuous autotrophic denitrification process for treating ammonium-rich leachate wastewater in bioelectrochemical denitrification system (BEDS). Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 130:107340. [PMID: 31450170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of nitrogen compounds in aqueous solution is extremely important for sustainable management of ecosystem and human health. An autotrophic bioelectrochemical denitrification (BED) process was evaluated at various conditions for enhanced treatment of synthetic wastewater (SW) and ammonium-rich leachate. With SW, a decrease in hydraulic retention time (HRT: 41.6 to 8.3 h) resulted in a 370% increase in denitrification rate from 0.026 to 0.096 kg NO3-N/m3. D. An increase in applied voltage (0.7 to 2 V) enhanced nitrate removal (81 to 97% removal), but coulombic efficiency decreased from 74% to 19%. With doubled cathode electrodes, the nitrate removal rate was doubled from 0.056 to 0.114 kg NO3-N/m3. D. Moreover, leachate wastewater was successfully denitrified with the maximum removal rate of 0.121 kg NO3-N/m3. D. These results point towards the practical potential for the combination of nitrification systems with BEDS for reduction of nitrogen for discharge purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kondaveeti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Kang
- Environmental Science, Urban and Environmental Research Division, Suwon Research Institute 126 Suin-ro, Kwonseon-gu, Suwon, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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12
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New direction in biological nitrogen removal from industrial nitrate wastewater via anammox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7459-7466. [PMID: 31388729 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important scientific discovery in the field of wastewater treatment. This process is a sustainable option in nitrogen removal due to its energy-efficient and cost-effective advantage. Great effort has been made recently to remove ammonium from industrial and municipal wastewater via the anammox process with a preceding partial nitrification (PN) converting part of NH4+ to NO2-. Anammox process is seldom involved in the nitrate removal. Nitrate (NO3-), one of the main nitrogen compounds produced from various industries, is typically converted to nitrogen gas via denitrification process where a large amount of carbon source is consumed. Within this context, we reviewed the current technologies for high-strength nitrate wastewater treatment. It is found that nitrite accumulation often occurs during nitrate reduction, and its accumulating level would be increased at certain conditions (i.e., low C/N ratio and high pH). Hence, this provides a great opportunity to employ the anammox process to further convert nitrite in a more sustainable way. In this review, we highlight a new approach for industrial nitrate wastewater treatment via partial denitrification coupled with anammox process (PD-A). We also discuss the conditions to achieve successful PD-A process, economic and environmental benefits, and potential challenges as well as the future perspectives in practical application.
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13
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Du R, Cao S, Peng Y, Zhang H, Wang S. Combined Partial Denitrification (PD)-Anammox: A method for high nitrate wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:707-716. [PMID: 30878866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of nitrogen pollution from wastewater containing high-strength nitrate (NO3--N) is a significant issue to prevent deterioration of water quality and eutrophication of receiving water body. Traditional denitrification process faces several challenges including the huge organic carbon demand, intermediate products accumulation, and long acclimatization period. In this study, an efficient solution was given by a novel two-stage Partial Denitrification (PD)-Anammox process. High NO3--N (1000 mg N/L) wastewater and municipal sewage (COD: 182.5 mg/L, ammonia (NH4+-N): 58.3 mg/L) were simultaneously introduced to the PD reactor for NO3--N converting to NO2--N. The NH4+-N and NO2--N in effluent of PD were removed in subsequent anammox reactor. Results showed that a satisfactory nitrogen removal was achieved by optimizing the volume ratios of influent NO3--N and municipal sewage, as well as the external organic matter dosage. The NO3--N removal efficiency reached up to 95.8% without accommodation period, along with the NH4+-N removal achieving 92.8%. Anammox contributed to 78.9% of TN removal despite the high COD (76.5-98.6 mg/L) in PD effluent was introduced, indicating the significant stability of the integrated process. The microbial analysis suggested that the Candidatus Brocadia, identified as anammox bacteria, cooperated stable with denitrifying bacteria in 215-day operation. The PD-Anammox process offers an economically and technically attractive approach in the high NO3--N wastewater treatment since it has great advantages of much low carbon demand, minimal sludge production, enabling simultaneous treatment of municipal sewage, and avoiding the common issues in traditional denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shenbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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14
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Chen Z, Wang X, Chen X, Chen J, Gu X. Rapid start-up and performance of denitrifying granular sludge in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor treating high concentration nitrite wastewater. Biodegradation 2018; 29:543-555. [PMID: 30141070 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Denitrifying granular sludge reactor holds better nitrogen removal efficiency than other kinds of denitrifying reactors, while this reactor commonly needs seeding anaerobic granular sludge and longer period for start-up in practice, which restricted the application of denitrifying granular sludge reactor. This study presented a rapid and stable start-up method for denitrifying granular sludge. An upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor with packings was established with flocculent activated sludge for treatment of high concentration nitrite wastewater. Results showed mature denitrifying granular sludge appeared only after 15 days with highest nitrogen removal rate of 5.844 kg N/(m3 day), which was much higher than that of compared anoxic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). No significant nitrite inhibition occurred in USB and denitrification performance was mainly influenced by hydraulic retention time, influent C/N ratio and internal reflux ratio. Hydraulic shear force created by upflow fluid, shearing of gaseous products and stable microorganisms adhesion on the packings might be the reasons for rapid achievement of granular sludge. Compared to inoculated sludge and ASBR, remarkable microbial communitiy variations were detected in USB. The dominance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and enrichment of species Pseudomonas_stutzeri should be responsible for the excellent denitrification performance, which further verified the feasibility of start-up method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Room 301, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Gu
- Hualu Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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15
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Influence of Carbon Source on the Efficiency of Nitrogen Removal and Denitrifying Bacteria in Biofilm from Bioelectrochemical SBBRs. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Rajmohan KS, Gopinath M, Chetty R. Bioremediation of Nitrate-Contaminated Wastewater and Soil. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7485-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Krishna Mohan TV, Renu K, Nancharaiah YV, Satya Sai PM, Venugopalan VP. Nitrate removal from high strength nitrate-bearing wastes in granular sludge sequencing batch reactors. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:191-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Frank RR, Trois C, Coulon F. Sustainable landfill leachate treatment using refuse and pine bark as a carbon source for bio-denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1347-1358. [PMID: 25490954 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.989279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Raw and 10-week composted commercial garden refuse (CGR) materials and pine bark (PB) mulch were evaluated for their potential use as alternative and sustainable sources of carbon for landfill leachate bio-denitrification. Dynamic batch tests using synthetic nitrate solutions of 100, 500 and 2000 mg NO3 L(-1) were used to investigate the substrate performance at increasing nitrate concentrations under optimal conditions. Further to this, sequential batch tests using genuine nitrified landfill leachate with a concentration of 2000 mg NO3 L(-1) were carried out to evaluate substrates behaviour in the presence of a complex mixture of chemicals present in leachate. Results showed that complete denitrification occurred in all conditions, indicating that raw and composted CGR and PB can be used as sustainable and efficient media for landfill leachate bio-denitrification. Of the three substrates, raw garden refuse yields the fastest denitrification rate followed by 10-week composted CGR and PB. However, the efficiency of the raw CGR was lower when using genuine leachate, indicating the inhibitory effect of components of the leachate on the denitrification process. Ten-week composted CGR performed optimally at low nitrate concentrations, while poor nitrate removal ability was found at higher nitrate concentrations (2000 mg L(-1)). In contrast, the PB performance was 3.5 times faster than that of the composted garden refuse at higher nitrate concentrations. Further to this, multi-criteria analysis of the process variables provided an easily implementable framework for the use of waste materials as an alternative and sustainable source of carbon for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Frank
- a Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering (CRECHE), School of Engineering , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Howard College Campus, Durban 4041 , South Africa
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19
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20
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Cheng KY, Kaksonen AH, Douglas GB. Sequential in situ hydrotalcite precipitation and biological denitrification for the treatment of high-nitrate industrial effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:373-381. [PMID: 25280045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A sequential process using hydrotalcite precipitation and biological denitrification was evaluated for the treatment of a magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2)-rich effluent (17,000mgNO3(-)-N/L, 13,100mgMg/L) generated from an industrial nickel-mining process. The hydrotalcite precipitation removed 41% of the nitrate (7000mgNO3(-)-N/L) as an interlayer anion with an approximate formula of Mg5Al2(OH)14(NO3)2·6H2O. The resultant solute chemistry was a Na-NO3-Cl type with low trace element concentrations. The partially treated effluent was continuously fed (hydraulic retention time of 24h) into a biological fluidised bed reactor (FBR) with sodium acetate as a carbon source for 33days (1:1 v/v dilution). The FBR enabled >70% nitrate removal and a maximal NOx (nitrate+nitrite) removal rate of 97mg NOx-N/Lh under alkaline conditions (pH 9.3). Overall, this sequential process reduced the nitrate concentration of the industrial effluent by >90% and thus represents an efficient method to treat Mg(NO3)2-rich effluents on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yu Cheng
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Grant B Douglas
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
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21
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Wan R, Zheng X, Chen Y, Wang H. Using cassava distiller’s dried grains as carbon and microbe sources to enhance denitrification of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2839-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Dhamole PB, Nair RR, D’Souza SF, Pandit AB, Lele SS. Denitrification of High Strength Nitrate Waste from a Nuclear Industry Using Acclimatized Biomass in a Pilot Scale Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:748-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Li W, Zheng P, Zhang J, Shan X, Wang Z, Zhang M. The effect of substrate concentration fluctuation on the performance of high-rate denitrifying reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:53-60. [PMID: 24971944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-rate denitrifying process is sensitive to the operation conditions and the substrate concentration fluctuation can lead to the deterioration or even collapse of process performance. The results of this study showed that the effect of substrate concentration fluctuation on the high-rate denitrification process was related to the substrate concentration and shock duration. The effect of substrate concentration was greater than that of shock duration and nitrate conversion was more sensitive than methanol conversion. The response of denitrification performance was related to the loading saturation (maximum loading rate/loading capacity ratio). When the loading saturation was lower than 32%, the high-rate denitrification process could stay in pseudo steady state, otherwise it would easily lose stability. The response of denitrification performance could be divided into three periods. The performance deterioration of high-rate denitrifying process could be attributed to the overload trigger and the toxicity of free nitrous acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Resources and Environment Department, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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24
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Enhanced Heterotrophic Denitrification: Effect of Dairy Industry Sludge Acclimatization and Operating Conditions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:741-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Kondaveeti S, Lee SH, Park HD, Min B. Bacterial communities in a bioelectrochemical denitrification system: the effects of supplemental electron acceptors. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 51:25-36. [PMID: 24388828 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment of nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)) and mixtures of nitrate and nitrite was evaluated with microbial catalysts on a cathode in three different bioelectrochemical denitrification systems (BEDS). The removal rates and removal percentage of nitrogen (N) compounds varied during biotic and abiotic operations. The biotic cathode using NO3(-)-N as an electron acceptor showed enhanced removal percentages (88%) compared to the operation with NO2(-)-N (85%). The simultaneous reduction of NO3(-)-N and NO2(-)-N occurred in the operation with a mixture of N compounds. The bacterial diversity from the initial inoculum (return sludge) changed at the end of bioelectrochemical denitrification operation after 55 days. The microbial community composition was different depending on the type of electron acceptor. BEDS operation with NO3(-)-N and NO2(-)-N was enriched with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes respectively. BEDS with a mixture of N electron acceptors showed enrichment with Proteobacteria. There was no clear, distinct microbial community between the cathode biofilm and suspended biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kondaveeti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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26
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454 pyrosequencing analysis on microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor treating high NaCl and nitrate concentration wastewater. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Cyplik P, Juzwa W, Marecik R, Powierska-Czarny J, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Czarny J, Drożdżyńska A, Chrzanowski L. Denitrification of industrial wastewater: Influence of glycerol addition on metabolic activity and community shifts in a microbial consortium. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2823-2831. [PMID: 24161581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater originating from explosives manufacturing plants are characterized by a high concentration of nitrates (3200mgNL(-1)), sulfates (1470mgL(-1)) and low pH (1.5) as well as the presence of organic compounds, such as nitroglycerin (1.9mgL(-1)) and nitroglycol (4.8mgL(-1)). The application of glycerol (C/N=3) at such a high concentration enabled complete removal of nitrates and did not cause the anaerobic glycerol metabolic pathway of the DNC4 consortium to activate, as confirmed by the low concentrations of 1,3-propanediol (0.16gL(-1)) and acetic acid (0.11gL(-1)) in the wastewater. Increasing the glycerol content (C/N=5) contributed to a notable increase in the concentration of both compounds: 1.12gL(-1) for acetic acid and 1.82 for 1,3-PD (1,3-propanediol). The nitrate reduction rate was at 44mgNg(-1) biomass d(-1). In order to assess the metabolic activity of the microorganisms, a method to determine the redox potential was employed. It was established, that the microorganisms can be divided into four groups, based on the determined denitrification efficiency and zero-order nitrate removal constants. The first group, involving Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri, accounts for microorganisms capable of the most rapid denitrification, the second involves rapid denitrifying microbes (Citrobacter freundi and Pseudomonas alcaligenes), the third group are microorganisms exhibiting moderate denitrification ability: Achrobactrum xylosoxidans, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Stenotrophomonas maltophila, while the last group consists of slow denitrifying bacteria: Rodococcus rubber and Sphignobacterium multivorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Cyplik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland.
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28
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Liao R, Shen K, Li AM, Shi P, Li Y, Shi Q, Wang Z. High-nitrate wastewater treatment in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor and microbial diversity using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:190-197. [PMID: 23500551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification of high concentration of nitrate wastewater was investigated in expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor with sodium acetate as the carbon source. The optimal parameters were achieved with C/N mole ratio of 2.0, liquid up-flow velocity (Vup) of 3.0 m/h and pH of 6.2-8.2. Complete denitrification can be achieved even with nitrate nitrogen concentration as high as 14000 mg/L. Furthermore, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze bacterial diversity. Results showed that a total of 5573 sequences were obtained which could be affiliated to 6 phylogenetic groups, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and unclassified phylum. Proteobacteria (84.53%) was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes (13.24%) and Actinobacteria (0.38%). The dominate phylum was different from that in other anaerobic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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29
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Boyle-Gotla A, Elefsiniotis P. Biological nitrogen removal of ammonia-rich centrate in batch systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:331-337. [PMID: 23245308 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.726903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the removal of ammonia from recycled centrate via biological nitrification and denitrification in batch reactors. Nitrification was successful at ammonia feed concentrations up to 400 mg/L and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios greater than 1. The use of pre-exposed biomass to ammonia-rich centrate reduced considerably the overall time required for nitrification, which was also reflected on the corresponding specific rates. The denitrification of naturally-generated nitrates proceeded smoothly, with methanol modestly outperforming acetate as external carbon source. Furthermore, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was induced in the presence of readily biodegradable organic carbon (i.e., methanol or acetate) under aerobic conditions. Overall, total nitrogen removal from ammonia-rich centrate by biological methods was viable under the conditions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Boyle-Gotla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Cyplik P, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Marecik R, Czarny J, Drozdzyńska A, Chrzanowski Ł. Biological denitrification of brine: the effect of compatible solutes on enzyme activities and fatty acid degradation. Biodegradation 2012; 23:663-72. [PMID: 22286267 PMCID: PMC3411302 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of compatible solutes (ectoine and trehalose) on the denitrification process of saline wastewater was studied. In saline wastewater, it was observed that the initial concentration of nitrates was 500 mg N l⁻¹. A fatty substance isolated from oiled bleaching earth (waste of vegetable oil refining process) was used as a source of carbon.The consortium, which was responsible for the denitrification process originated from the wastewater of the vegetable oil industry. The consortium of microorganisms was identified by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and sequencing techniques. It was noted that ectoine affects significantly the activity of lipase and nitrate reductase, and resulted in faster denitrification compared to saline wastewater with the addition of trehalose or control saline wastewater (without compatible solutes). It was observed that relative enzyme activities of lipase and nitrate reductase increased by 32 and 35%, respectively, in the presence of 1 mM ectoine. This resulted in an increase in specific nitrate reduction rate in the presence of 1 mM ectoine to 5.7 mg N g⁻¹ VSS h⁻¹, which was higher than in the absence of ectoine (3.2 mg N g⁻¹ VSS h⁻¹). The addition of trehalose did not have an effect on nitrate removals. Moreover, it was found that trehalose was used up completely by bacteria as a source of carbon in the denitrification process. The fatty acids were biodegraded by 74% in the presence of 1 mM ectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Cyplik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland.
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31
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Nair RR, D'Souza SF. Denitrification of high nitrate wastewater in a cloth strip bioreactor with immobilized sludge. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1637-43. [PMID: 22832944 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Denitrification of synthetic high nitrate wastewater containing 40,000 ppm NO(3) (9,032 ppm NO(3)-N) was achieved using immobilized activated sludge in a column reactor. Active anoxic sludge adsorbed onto Terry cloth was used in the denitrification of high nitrate wastewater. The operational stability of the immobilized sludge system was studied both in a batch reactor and in a continuous reactor. The immobilized sludge showed complete degradation of different concentrations of NO(3)-N (1,129, 1,693, 3,387, 6,774, and 9,032 ppm) in a batch process. The reactors were successfully run for 90 days without any loss in activity. The immobilized cell process has yielded promising results in attaining high denitrifying efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi R Nair
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, Maharashtra, India.
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32
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Cyplik P, Marecik R, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Olejnik A, Drożdżyńska A, Chrzanowski Ł. Biological Denitrification of High Nitrate Processing Wastewaters from Explosives Production Plant. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2012; 223:1791-1800. [PMID: 22593607 PMCID: PMC3332387 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-011-0984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater samples originating from an explosives production plant (3,000 mg N l(-1) nitrate, 4.8 mg l(-1) nitroglycerin, 1.9 mg l(-1) nitroglycol and 1,200 mg l(-1) chemical oxygen demand) were subjected to biological purification. An attempt to completely remove nitrate and to decrease the chemical oxygen demand was carried out under anaerobic conditions. A soil isolated microbial consortium capable of biodegrading various organic compounds and reduce nitrate to atmospheric nitrogen under anaerobic conditions was used. Complete removal of nitrates with simultaneous elimination of nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate (nitroglycol) was achieved as a result of the conducted research. Specific nitrate reduction rate was estimated at 12.3 mg N g(-1) VSS h(-1). Toxicity of wastewater samples during the denitrification process was studied by measuring the activity of dehydrogenases in the activated sludge. Mutagenicity was determined by employing the Ames test. The maximum mutagenic activity did not exceed 0.5. The obtained results suggest that the studied wastewater samples did not exhibit mutagenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Cyplik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Roman Marecik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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Liu H, Guo J, Qu J, Lian J, Guo Y, Jefferson W, Yang J. Biological catalyzed denitrification by a functional electropolymerization biocarrier modified by redox mediator. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:144-150. [PMID: 22257858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electropolymerization biocarriers were prepared by the electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on an active carbon felt (ACF) electrode using doping anions anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) or Na(2)SO(4). The functional electropolymerization biocarrier (ACF/PPy/AQS) with AQS was used as an immobilized redox mediator for the denitrification process. The characteristics of the electropolymerization biocarriers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results suggested that the denitrification efficiency increased nearly 1.5-fold with ACF/PPy/AQS (0.04 mmol L(-1) AQS) compared to the control. A linear correlation was found for the k value and the AQS concentration (C(AQS)), which was k=624.71C(AQS)+83.87 (R(2)=0.9893). The ORP value stabilized around -200 mV for the denitrification process with ACF/PPy/AQS, which was -25 mV lower than that with ACF/PPy/Na(2)SO(4). Repeated-batch operations indicated that the denitrification efficiency with ACF/PPy/AQS maintained over 90% of the original value and exhibited better catalytic activity and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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Nancharaiah YV, Venugopalan VP. Denitrification of synthetic concentrated nitrate wastes by aerobic granular sludge under anoxic conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:683-688. [PMID: 21745680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to determine the denitrification potential of aerobic granular sludge for concentrated nitrate wastes. We cultivated mixed microbial granules in a sequencing batch reactor operated at a superficial air velocity of 0.8 cm s(-1). The denitrification experiments were performed under anoxic conditions using serum bottles containing synthetic media with 225-2250 mg L(-1) NO3-N. Time required for complete denitrification varied with the initial nitrate concentration and acetate to nitrate-N mass ratio. Complete denitrification of 2250 mg L(-1) NO3-N under anoxic conditions was accomplished in 120 h. Nitrite accumulation was not significant (<5 mg N L(-1)) at initial NO3-N concentrations below 677 mg L(-1). However, denitrification of higher concentrations of nitrate (≥900 mg N L(-1)) resulted in buildup of nitrite. Nevertheless, nitrite buildups observed in present study were relatively lower compared to that reported in previous studies using flocculent activated sludge. The experimental results suggest that acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge can be quickly adapted to treat high strength nitrate waste and can thus be used as seed biomass for developing high-rate bioreactors for efficient treatment of concentrated nitrate-bearing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Venkata Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
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35
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Comparison of Denitrification Between Paracoccus sp. and Diaphorobacter sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:260-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Islam M, Mishra PC, Patel R. Physicochemical characterization of hydroxyapatite and its application towards removal of nitrate from water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2010; 91:1883-91. [PMID: 20580863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of hydroxyapatite (HAP) towards removal of nitrate from synthetic nitrate solution. In the present research HAP synthesized from egg-shell was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA-DSC. The removal of nitrate was 96% under neutral conditions, using 0.3 g of adsorbent in 100 mL of nitrate solution having an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. An adsorption kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics. Adsorption data were fitted to a linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient (R(2))>0.98. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated to study the effect of temperature on the removal process. In order to understand the adsorption type, equilibrium data were tested with the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The process was rapid and equilibrium was established within the first 40 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamudur Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Purushottam Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rourkela 770034, Orissa, India.
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37
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Biradar PM, Roy SB, D'Souza SF, Pandit AB. Excess cell mass as an internal carbon source for biological denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1787-1791. [PMID: 19932955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the present work was to examine whether the SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) released after the physical disruption of excess activated sludge can be used as an alternative carbon source for biological denitrification. In the first stage of research, we investigated the potential use of energy efficient hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) technique for the disruption of activated sludge. In a comparative study between ultrasonic cavitation (UC) and HC, it was observed that UC needs five times more energy than that of HC to release the same amount of SCOD. In the second stage of the experimental study, SCOD was successfully used as an alternative carbon source (alternative to sodium acetate) for biological denitrification. The critical weight ratio (SCOD/NO(3)-N) of seven ensured 100% removal of nitrate. Nitrate removal kinetics indicated that denitrification with SCOD as a carbon source gives higher specific denitrification rate (by approximately 200%) as compared to conventional carbon source (sodium acetate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant M Biradar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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Shen J, He R, Han W, Sun X, Li J, Wang L. Biological denitrification of high-nitrate wastewater in a modified anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:595-600. [PMID: 19665298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A modified anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor has been applied to the denitrification of a high strength nitrate waste (about 3600 mg/L nitrate-N) generated from an initiating explosive factory. Nitrate removal efficiency and nitrite accumulation in the treated water were investigated under various conditions set by several factors including the type of carbon source used, ratios of carbon to nitrogen, pH and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results of the preliminary experiments, which were carried out in parallel CSTR systems, demonstrated that sodium acetate had shown the best performance as the external carbon source. The optimal reaction parameters in the anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor were pH 7.5-8.5, C/N 1.56 and HRT 30 h, with over 99.9% of nitrate removed and without accumulation of nitrite. Explicitly high average-specific denitrification rate of 324 mg NO(3)(-)-N/g VSS/h could be attained under these conditions. The aerobic process and membrane module used subsequently could remove the residual COD, excessive biomass and soluble microbial products generated during the denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cortez S, Teixeira P, Oliveira R, Mota M. Effect of operating parameters on denitrification in an anoxic rotating biological contactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2009; 30:1381-1389. [PMID: 20088202 DOI: 10.1080/09593330903156490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nitrate in water and wastewater is a serious environmental problem. Anoxic rotating biological contactors (RBC) are a promising novel technology for nitrate removal. In this study the effect of two carbon/nitrogen (C/N) molar ratios (1.5 and 3.0) on denitrification, using acetate as a carbon source, were investigated in an anoxic bench-scale RBC, treating synthetic wastewater. The effect of different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and different nitrogen and carbon influent concentrations on the reactor performance, at constant C/N, were also analysed. The average removal efficiency in terms of nitrogen-nitrate was about 90.4% at C/N = 1.5, lowering to 73.7% at C/ N = 3.0. Considering carbon-acetate removal, overall efficiencies of 82.0% and 63.6% were attained at C/N ratios of 1.5 and 3.0, respectively. The increase in nitrogen-nitrate (from 50 to 100 mg N-NO3- L(-1)) and carbon-acetate influent concentrations and the decrease in HRT, keeping C/N constant, had a slight negative effect in terms of substrate removal. It was found that, for the tested conditions, the use of C/N = 1.5 is advantageous to denitrification. The anoxic RBC was significantly effective at reducing nitrate concentrations within a relatively short HRT. These reactors may be a feasible option for the treatment of nitrate-rich wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cortez
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Ghafari S, Hasan M, Aroua MK. Improvement of autohydrogenotrophic nitrite reduction rate through optimization of pH and sodium bicarbonate dose in batch experiments. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:275-80. [PMID: 19269592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of nitrite intermediate in autohydrogenotrophic denitrification process has been a challenging difficulty to tackle. This study showed that further growth of "true denitrifying" bacteria and adaptation to nitrite led to a faster reduction of nitrite than nitrate as a solution to circumvent nitrite accumulation. Moreover, two effective parameters namely pH and bicarbonate dose were optimized in order to achieve a better reduction rate. Sodium bicarbonate dose ranging from 20 to 2000 mg/L and pH in the range of 6.5-8.5 was selected to be examined employing 0.2 g MLVSS/L of reacclimatized denitrifying bacteria. Eleven runs of experiments were designed considering the interactive effect of these two operative parameters. A fairly close reduction time less than 4.5 h (>22.22 mg NO2(-)-N/g MLVSS/h) was gained for the pH range between 7 and 8. The highest specific nitrite reduction rate at 25 mg NO2(-)-N/g MLVSS/h was achieved applying 1000 mg NaHCO3/L at pH 7.5 and 8. The pH was found to be the leading parameter and bicarbonate as the less effective parameter on nitrite reduction removal. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface design (RSM) were employed to develop a model as well as define the optimum condition. Using the experimental data, the developed quadratic model predicted optimum condition at pH 7.8 and sodium bicarbonate dose 1070 mg/L upon which denitrifiers managed to accomplish reduction within 3.5 h and attained the specific degradation rate of 28.57 mg NO2(-)-N/g MLVSS/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ghafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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41
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Fu Z, Yang F, An Y, Xue Y. Characteristics of nitrite and nitrate in situ denitrification in landfill bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3015-3021. [PMID: 19231168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the macroscopical effect of high concentration nitrite and nitrate denitrification on waste decomposition and to evaluate the kinetics of NO(3)(-)-N and NO(2)(-)-N removal. Two reactors loaded fresh refuse were fed 4000 mg NO(3)(-)-N/L or 4000 NO(2)(-)-N/L every 48 h, respectively. Results showed that NO(3)(-)-N addition was more effective on promotion of the waste degradation process as compared to NO(2)(-)-N addition. In the initial stage, NO(x)(-)-N removal was mainly contributed by adsorption rather than denitrification. NO(x)(-)-N reduction rate data obtained from microcosm experiment were fit to Monod kinetics, with specific removal rates of 1.625 mg NO(3)(-)-N/(g dry waste d) and 1.125 mg NO(2)(-)-N/(g dry waste d) and nitrogen removal half-saturation constants of 1250.5 NO(3)(-)-N/L and 125.5 NO(2)(-)-N/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, MOE, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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42
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Ghafari S, Hasan M, Aroua MK. Effect of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate as inorganic carbon sources on growth and adaptation of autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:1507-1513. [PMID: 18639979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria using inorganic carbon source (CO(2) and bicarbonate) and hydrogen gas as electron donor was performed in this study. In this regard, activated sludge was used as the seed source and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technique was applied for accomplishing the acclimatization. Three distinct strategies in feeding of carbon sources were applied: (I) continuous sparging of CO(2), (II) bicarbonate plus continuous sparging of CO(2), and (III) only bicarbonate. The pH-reducing nature of CO(2) showed an unfavorable impact on denitrification rate; however bicarbonate resulted in a buffered environment in the mixed liquor and provided a suitable mean to maintain the pH in the desirable range of 7-8.2. As a result, bicarbonate as the only carbon source showed a faster adaptation, while carbon dioxide as the only carbon source as well as a complementary carbon source added to bicarbonate resulted in longer acclimation period. Adapted hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria, using bicarbonate and hydrogen gas in the aforementioned pH range, caused denitrification at a rate of 13.33 mg NO(3)(-)-N/g MLVSS/h for degrading 20 and 30 mg NO(3)(-)-N/L and 9.09 mg NO(3)(-)-N/g MLVSS/h for degrading 50mg NO(3)(-)-N/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ghafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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43
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Dhamole PB, Nair RR, D'Souza SF, Lele SS. Simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrate in an airlift bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1082-1086. [PMID: 18786823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the integrated removal of carbon (measured as chemical oxygen demand i.e. COD) and NO(x)-N by sequentially adapted sludge, studied in an airlift reactor (ALR). Simultaneous removal of COD and nitrate occurs by denitrification (anoxic) and oxidation (aerobic). Aerobic (riser) and anoxic (remaining part) conditions prevail in different parts of the reactor. Studies were carried out in a 42 L ALR operated at low aeration rate to maintain anoxic and aerobic conditions as required for denitrification and COD removal, respectively. The sludge was adapted sequentially to increasing levels of NO(x)-N and COD over a period of 45 days. Nitrate removal efficiency of the sludge increased due to adaptation and degraded 900 ppm NO(3)-N completely in 2h (initially the sludge could not degrade 100 ppm NO(3)-N). The performance of the adapted sludge was tested for the degradation of synthetic waste with COD/N loadings in the range of 4-10. The reduction of COD was significantly faster in the presence of NO(x)-N and was attributed to the availability of oxygen from NO(x)-N and distinct conditions in the reactor. This hypothesis was justified by the material balance of COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip B Dhamole
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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44
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Fernández-Nava Y, Marañón E, Soons J, Castrillón L. Denitrification of wastewater containing high nitrate and calcium concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7976-81. [PMID: 18462937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The removal of nitrate from rinse wastewater generated in the stainless steel manufacturing process by denitrification in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) was studied. Two different inocula from wastewater treatment plants were tested. The use of an inoculum previously acclimated to high nitrate concentrations led to complete denitrification in 6h (denitrification rate: 22.8mg NO3- -N/gVSSh), using methanol as carbon source for a COD/N ratio of 4 and for a content of calcium in the wastewater of 150mg/L. Higher calcium concentrations led to a decrease in the biomass growth rate and in the denitrification rate. The optimum COD/N ratio was found to be 3.4, achieving 98% nitrate removal in 7h at a maximum rate of 30.4mg NO3- -N/gVSSh and very low residual COD in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fernández-Nava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University Institute of Industrial Technology of Asturias, Higher Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijón, Spain
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45
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Biradar PM, Dhamole PB, Nair RR, Roy S, Satpati S, D'Souza SF, Lele S, Pandit A. Long-term stability of biological denitrification process for high strength nitrate removal from wastewater of uranium industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Bio-denitrification of the nitrate waste solution from the lagoon sludge in a continuous bio-reduction process. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-008-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Dhamole PB, Nair RR, D'Souza SF, Lele SS. Denitrification of highly alkaline nitrate waste using adapted sludge. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:433-40. [PMID: 18427735 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uranium extraction and regeneration of ion exchange resin generates concentrated nitrate effluents (typically 500 to 10,000 ppm NO(3)-N) that are highly alkaline in nature (pH 9.0 to 11.0). It is difficult to remove nitrate from such solutions using standard physiochemical and biological methods. This paper reports denitrification of such wastes using preadapted sludge (biomass), which was acclimatized to different influent pH (7.5 to 11.5) in a sequencing batch reactor (4 l) for 2 months. Performance of the developed consortia was studied under different pH (7.5 to 12). Biomass denitrified the synthetic wastewater containing 1,694 ppm NO(3)-N at a pH of 10.5. Decrease in nitrite build up was observed at higher pH, which differs from the reported results. Kinetic analysis of the data showed that specific rate of nitrate reduction was highest (78 mg NO(3)-N/g MLSS/h) at higher pH (10.5). This was attributed to the acclimatization process. Thus, high-strength nitrate wastewater, which was highly alkaline, was successfully treated using preadapted sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip B Dhamole
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Wadgaon, Pune, India
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48
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Biotreatment of High Strength Nitrate Waste Using Immobilized Preadapted Sludge. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:193-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nair RR, Dhamole PB, Lele SS, D'Souza SF. Biological denitrification of high strength nitrate waste using preadapted denitrifying sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:1612-7. [PMID: 17234243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification of synthetic high nitrate waste containing 9032 ppm NO(3)-N (40,000 ppm NO(3)) in a time period of only 6h has been achieved in our previous study using activated sludge. The activated sludge culture was acclimatized by a stepwise increase in the nitrate concentration of synthetic waste. In the present work, studies were carried out on the changing microbial population of the sludge and the physiology of nitrate metabolism during the various stages of adaptation process to high strength synthetic nitrate waste. During the course of adaptation, with an increase in the nitrate concentration, a sharp increase in the number of denitrifiers was found with an equally rapid decrease in the nitrifying community. Two key enzymes involved in the first two steps of the denitrification process were also studied during this period. The results of the study suggest that specific enzyme levels increase as the activated sludge adapts itself to higher nitrate concentrations. Biological denitrification of high nitrate waste is a slow process and to increase the rate of denitrification, parameters such as pH, temperature, C:N and biomass concentration of the process were optimized using orthogonal array method. Optimized conditions increased the specific nitrate reduction rate by 54% and specific nitrite reduction rate by 45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi R Nair
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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