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Namburath M, Alappat BJ, Ramaswamy ST. A critical review of inverse fluidized bed reactors-start-up optimization strategies and wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108370-108392. [PMID: 37768490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A critical evaluation of strategies used for reducing start-up time and biological wastewater treatment using an inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR) was done. The start-up of an IFBR is one of the most important, time-consuming, and limiting steps in wastewater treatment using biofilm reactors. Evaluation of different strategies used by various researchers is helpful in future research works with this reactor. Different types of treated wastewater, the effect of wastewater characteristics, carriers used, and reactor hydrodynamics on the reactor performance were reviewed in detail in the first part. The second part of this review covers the use of an IFBR in the biological treatment of different wastewaters through multiple biochemical pathways and how it helped improve performance compared to other reactors. This will enable the researchers to understand the novelty of an IFBR for wastewater treatment and allow them to use it as a potential reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Namburath
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Babu J Alappat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sreekrishnan Trichur Ramaswamy
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Sathiasivan K, Swaminathan S, Ramaswamy J, Rajesh M. Investigation of hydrodynamics of inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR) for struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) recovery from urban wastewater. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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High Performance of Biohydrogen Production in Packed-Filter Bioreactor via Optimizing Packed-Filter Position. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147462. [PMID: 34299912 PMCID: PMC8304059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this present investigation, a packed-filter bioreactor was employed to produce hydrogen utilizing an expired soft drink as a substrate. The effects of feeding substrate concentrations ranging from 19.51, 10.19, 5.34, 3.48, to 2.51 g total sugar/L were examined, and the position of the packed filter installed in the bioreactor at dimensionless heights (h/H) of 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 was studied. The results revealed that with a substrate concentration of 20 g total sugar/L and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 h, a packed filter placed at the half-height position of the bioreactor (h/H 2/4) has the optimal hydrogen production rate, hydrogen yield, and average biomass concentration in the bioreactor, resulting in 55.70 ± 2.42 L/L/d, 0.90 ± 0.06 mol H2/mol hexose, and 17.86 ± 1.09 g VSS/L. When feeding substrate concentrations varied from 20, 10, to 5 g total sugar/L with the packed-filter position at h/H 2/4, Clostridium sp., Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and Bifidobacterium crudilactis were the predominant bacteria community. Finally, it was discovered that the packed-filter bioreactor can produce stable hydrogen in high-strength organic effluent.
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Will JB, Krug D. Rising and Sinking in Resonance: Mass Distribution Critically Affects Buoyancy-Driven Spheres via Rotational Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:174502. [PMID: 33988413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.174502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results for spherical particles rising and settling in a still fluid. Imposing a well-controlled center of mass offset enables us to vary the rotational dynamics selectively by introducing an intrinsic rotational timescale to the problem. Results are highly sensitive even to small degrees of offset, rendering this a practically relevant parameter by itself. We further find that, for a certain ratio of the rotational to a vortex shedding timescale (capturing a Froude-type similarity), a resonance phenomenon sets in. Even though this is a rotational effect in origin, it also strongly affects translational oscillation frequency and amplitude, and most importantly, the drag coefficient. This observation equally applies to both heavy and light spheres, albeit with slightly different characteristics for which we offer an explanation. Our findings highlight the need to consider rotational parameters when trying to understand and classify path properties of rising and settling spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle B Will
- Physics of Fluids Group and Max Planck Center Twente, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Dominik Krug
- Physics of Fluids Group and Max Planck Center Twente, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
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Hou Y, Liu M, Tan X, Hou S, Yang P. Study on COD and nitrogen removal efficiency of domestic sewage by hybrid carrier biofilm reactor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27322-27332. [PMID: 35480673 PMCID: PMC9037812 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a kind of commonly used biological sewage treatment process. A carrier, the core of MBBR, could directly affect the treatment efficiency of MBBR. In this experiment, a hybrid carrier composed of an MBBR carrier and fluidized bed porous carrier was innovatively utilized to treat low-concentration simulated domestic sewage through an MBBR reactor to investigate the effects of different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and different carrier dose ratios on the reactor performance. The results indicated that when the volume ratio of the carrier dosage was 5% : 20% when the reactor HRT was 5 h, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) were optimal, which were 96.5%, 60.9% and 91.5%, respectively. The ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and CODCr concentrations of the effluent were 1.04 mg L−1, 12.20 mg L−1 and 29.02 mg L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the total biomass concentration in the hybrid carrier biofilm reactor (HCBR) was 3790.35 mg L−1, which also reached the highest value. As the experiment progressed, the concentrations of protein, polysaccharide and soluble microbial products (SMP) were reduced to 7.68 mg L−1, 11.10 mg L−1 and 18.08 mg L−1, respectively. This was basically consistent with the results of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum. The results showed that the combined-carrier biofilm reactor could reduce the volumetric filling rate, improving the removal capability of organic matter and the denitrification efficiency. This study provided technical support for the composite carrier biofilm wastewater treatment technology, and also had a good prospect of application. A combined-carrier biofilm reactor could reduce the volumetric filling rate, improving the removal capability of organic matter and the denitrification efficiency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Hou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Particle Technology Research Center Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Jesse Zhu
- Particle Technology Research Center Western University London Ontario Canada
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Mikucka W, Zielińska M. Distillery Stillage: Characteristics, Treatment, and Valorization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:770-793. [PMID: 32557233 PMCID: PMC7578141 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Distilleries are among the most polluting industries because ethanol fermentation results in the discharge of large quantities of high-strength liquid effluents with high concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen compounds, low pH, high temperature, dark brown color, and high salinity. The most common method of managing this wastewater (distillery stillage) is to use it for soil conditioning, but this requires thickening the wastewater and may cause soil pollution due to its high nitrogen content. Therefore, treatment of distillery stillage is preferable. This review discusses individual biological and physico-chemical treatment methods and combined technologies. In addition, special attention is paid to valorization of distillery stillage, which is a valuable source of polysaccharides and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), as well as natural antioxidants, including polyphenols and other bioactive compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. New directions in improvement of valorization technologies are highlighted, including the search for new eutectic solvents for extracting these compounds. Such technologies are essential for sustainable development, which requires the use of management and valorization strategies for recovery of valuable compounds with minimal disposal of waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Mikucka
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Electrical Conductivity for Monitoring the Expansion of the Support Material in an Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the use of the electrical conductivity for measuring bed expansion in a continuous anaerobic biofilm reactor in order to prevent the exit of support material from the reactor with the consequent loss of biomass. The substrate used for the tests is obtained from a two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) process at the pilot scale that treats the liquid fraction of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). Tests were performed with the raw substrate before anaerobic treatment (S1), the effluent from the hydrolysis reactor (S2), and the effluent from the methanogenic reactor (S3) to evaluate its effect on the electrical conductivity values and its interaction with colonized support material. The tests were carried out in a 32 L anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR), which was inoculated with colonized support material and using two industrial electrodes at different column positions. The results with the previously digested samples (S2 and S3) were satisfactory to detect the presence of support material at the points where the electrodes were placed since the electrical conductivity values showed significant changes of up to 0.5 V, while with substrate S1 no significant voltage differences were appreciated. These results demonstrate that electrical conductivity can be used as an economic and simple mean for monitoring the support material expansion in order to avoid over expansion in the IFBR. It was also demonstrated that the conditions of the substrate in the methanogenic stage (pH and presence of volatile fatty acids) do not affect the operation of the electrical conductivity detection system.
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Musa MA, Idrus S, Harun MR, Tuan Mohd Marzuki TF, Abdul Wahab AM. A Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Conventional and Modified Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:E283. [PMID: 31906118 PMCID: PMC6982031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cattle slaughterhouses generate wastewater that is rich in organic contaminant and nutrients, which is considered as high strength wastewater with a high potential for energy recovery. Work was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of the 12 L laboratory scale conventional and a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (conventional, R1 and modified, R2), for treatment of cattle slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) under mesophilic condition (35 ± 1 °C). Both reactors were acclimated with synthetic wastewater for 30 days, then continuous study with real CSWW proceeds. The reactors were subjected to the same loading condition of OLR, starting from 1.75, 3, 5 10, 14, and 16 g L-1d-1, corresponding to 3.5, 6, 10, 20, 28, and 32 g COD/L at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. The performance of the R1 reactor drastically dropped at OLR 10 g L-1d-1, and this significantly affected the subsequent stages. The steady-state performance of the R2 reactor under the same loading condition as the R1 reactor revealed a high COD removal efficiency of 94% and biogas and methane productions were 27 L/d and 89%. The SMP was 0.21 LCH4/gCOD added, whereas the NH3-N alkalinity ratio stood at 651 mg/L and 0.2. SEM showed that the R2 reactor was dominated by Methanosarcina bacterial species, while the R1 reactor revealed a disturb sludge with insufficient microbial biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Musa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.F.T.M.M.)
- Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria
| | - Syazwani Idrus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.F.T.M.M.)
| | - Mohd Razif Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Tuan Farhana Tuan Mohd Marzuki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.F.T.M.M.)
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Musa MA, Idrus S, Hasfalina CM, Daud NNN. Effect of Organic Loading Rate on Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Mesophilic (UASB) Reactor Using Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater as Substrate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102220. [PMID: 30314290 PMCID: PMC6211058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of a laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operating at mesophilic temperature (35 °C) was examined. Cattle slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) was used as the main substrate. The total and effective volumes of the reactor were 8 L and 6 L, respectively. Twelve different organic loading rates (OLR) were applied and the performance was evaluated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was more than 90% during batch study. In the continuous study, COD removal was also approximately 90% at OLR 0.4 g/L d−1 which subsequently dropped to below 50% when the loading rate increased to 15 g/L d−1. Approximately 5 L/d of biogas was obtained with high methane concentration at stages VI and XI corresponding to OLR of 2 and 10 g/L d−1, respectively. It was observed that the concentration of volatile fatty acids was low and that the alkalinity of the wastewater was sufficient to avoid acidification. Specific methane yields of 0.36 and 0.38 LCH4/g COD added were achieved at OLR 7 and 10 g/L d−1. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day was sufficient to remove greater than 70% of COD which correspond to 89% methane concentration. Parameters like soluble COD, NH3-N, pH, alkalinity, total suspended solid (TSS), fats, oil, and grease were also investigated. The results show that the UASB reactor could serve as a good alternative for anaerobic treatment of CSWW and methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Musa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B., Maiduguri 1069, Borno State, Nigeria.
| | - Syazwani Idrus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Che Man Hasfalina
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lead Ion Sorption by Perlite and Reuse of the Exhausted Material in the Construction Field. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the possibility of using perlite as a lead ion sorbent from industrial wastewater. Dynamic (laboratory column) operations were carried-out using beads, which were percolated by metals in a 2–10 mg·L−1 concentration range. To this purpose, lead ion solutions were eluted in columns loaded with different amounts of sorbent (2–4 g) within a 1–2 mm bead size range, at 0.15–0.4 L·h−1 flow-rates. Tests were performed to complete sorbent exhaustion (column breakthrough). The highest retention was obtained at 0.3 L·h−1, with 4 g of perlite and 10 mg·L−1 of influent, lead ion concentration. Film diffusion control was the kinetic step of the process in the Nerst stationary film at the solid/liquid interface. At the end of the sorption, perlite beads were used as lightweight aggregates in the construction field (i.e., for the preparation of cement mortars). Specifically, conglomerates showing different weights and consequently different thermal insulating and mechanical properties were obtained, with potential applications in plaster or panels.
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Ghosh Ray S, Ghangrekar MM. Comprehensive review on treatment of high-strength distillery wastewater in advanced physico-chemical and biological degradation pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13762-018-1786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Sabarunisha Begum S, Radha KV. Hydrodynamic behavior of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor for phenol biodegradation using Pseudomonas fluorescens. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Safari GH, Yetilmezsoy K, Mahvi AH, Zarrabi M. Post-treatment of secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent using a two-stage fluidized bed bioreactor system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013; 11:10. [PMID: 24499570 PMCID: PMC4176305 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a two-stage fluidized bed reactor (FBR) system for the post-treatment of secondary wastewater treatment plant effluents (Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran). The proposed treatment scheme was evaluated using pilot-scale reactors (106-L of capacity) filled with PVC as the fluidized bed (first stage) and gravel for the filtration purpose (second stage). Aluminum sulfate (30 mg/L) and chlorine (1 mg/L) were used for the coagulation and disinfection of the effluent, respectively. To monitor the performance of the FBR system, variation of several parameters (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total phosphorous, total coliform and fecal coliform) were monitored in the effluent wastewater samples. The results showed that the proposed system could effectively reduce BOD5 and COD below 1.95 and 4.06 mg/L, respectively. Turbidity of the effluent could be achieved below 0.75 NTU, which was lower than those reported for the disinfection purpose. The total phosphorus was reduced to 0.52 mg/L, which was near the present phosphorous standard for the prevention of eutrophication process. Depending on both microorganism concentration and applied surface loading rates (5–10 m/h), about 35 to 75% and 67 to 97% of coliform were removed without and with the chlorine addition, respectively. Findings of this study clearly confirmed the efficiency of the FBR system for the post-treatment of the secondary wastewater treatment plant effluents without any solid problem during the chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Hossein Safari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaan Yetilmezsoy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering & Center of Water Quality Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansur Zarrabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Li Y, Yue Q, Qi Y, Li W, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Du J. Preparation of paper mill sludge-based granular activated carbon fillers for fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:1701-1708. [PMID: 22988631 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.643318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Paper mill sludge (PMS) was utilized to prepare granular activated carbon (GAC) fillers for fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR) through stream activation. The properties of the PMS were tested and the optimum conditions for the production process were determined. Then, the GAC fillers were used in the FBBR to investigate the capacity for wastewater treatment. The results showed that the optimal conditions were: carbonization temperature of 450 degrees C, carbonization time of 50 min, activation temperature of 800 degrees C and activation time of 60 min. The specific surface area of the GAC fillers was 130 m2/g and the grain density was 1.34 x 10(3) kg/m3. The wastewater treatment results showed that after40 days ofrunning, under the conditions of influent COD of 800 mg/L and HRT of2 h, the COD removal efficiency was about 90%, which demonstrated that PMS-based GAC fillers were feasible for FBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road No. 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Padoley KV, Saharan VK, Mudliar SN, Pandey RA, Pandit AB. Cavitationally induced biodegradability enhancement of a distillery wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 219-220:69-74. [PMID: 22502898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was evaluated as a pretreatment option for the complex/recalcitrant biomethanated distillery wastewater (B-DWW). The effect of various process parameters such as inlet pressure, dilution and reaction time on reduction of COD/TOC and enhancement of biodegradability index (BI:BOD(5):COD ratio) of the B-DWW was studied with an aim to maximize the biodegradability index and reducing the toxicity of the distillery wastewater. It was observed that higher operating pressure (13 bar) yielded the maximum BI whereas the lower pressure (5 bar) is suitable for the reduction in the toxicity of B-DWW. The toxicity of the distillery wastewater was analyzed by measuring the COD, TOC and color of the wastewater sample. The HC pretreatment under optimized conditions leads to a BI of 0.32, COD and TOC reduction of 32.24% and 31.43%, respectively along with a color reduction by 48%. These results indicate the potential of HC as a pretreatment option for enhancing the biodegradability index of the recalcitrant wastewater such as B-DWW along with reduced toxicity of wastewater as observed from COD, TOC and color reduction profile under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Padoley
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
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Sokół W. Optimal Aerations in the Inverse Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor When Used in Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters of Various Strength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2012.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li Y, Yue Q, Li W, Gao B, Li J, Du J. Properties improvement of paper mill sludge-based granular activated carbon fillers for fluidized-bed bioreactor by bentonite (Na) added and acid washing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 197:33-39. [PMID: 21968120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Properties improvement of paper mill sludge (PMS) based granular activated carbon fillers for fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR) was investigated in this study. Bentonite (Na) powders were blended in the dewatered paper mill sludge powders to strengthen the abrasion resistance strength of the fillers. Different acid washing treatments were studied to produce FBBR fillers with optimum performance. The results indicated that granulation was easy and the abrasion resistance strength of the fillers increased by 15% with 8 wt% of bentonite (Na) added. Acid washing treatment prior to activation had a better effect on the removal of Fe than post-activation acid washing treatment. HCl was the most appropriate acid during the acid washing treatment. The optimum acid washing treatment was carried out prior to activation with 2M HCl soaking for 6h. After acid washing treatment, the fillers with grain density of 1170 kg/m(3), specific surface area of 176 m(2)/g were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Xing W, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Listowski A, Cullum P. Evaluation of an integrated sponge--granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor for treating primary treated sewage effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5448-5453. [PMID: 21123048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was designed to incorporate an aerobic sponge FBBR (ASB-FBBR) into an anoxic granular activated carbon FBBR (GAC-FBBR). This iFBBR was operated with and without adding a new starch based flocculant (NSBF) to treat synthetic primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE). The NSBF contains starch based cationic flocculants and trace nutrients. The results indicate that the iFBBR with NSBF addition could remove more than 93% dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 61% total nitrogen (T-N) and 60% total phosphorus (T-P) at just a very short hydraulic retention time of 50 min. The optimum frequency of adding NSBF to the iFFBR is four times per day. As a pretreatment to microfiltration, the iFFBR could increase 5L/m(2)h of critical flux thus reducing the membrane fouling. In addition, better microbial activity was also observed with high DO consumption (>66%) and specific oxygen uptake rate (>35 mg O(2)/g VSS h).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xing
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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21
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Sokół W, Woldeyes B. Evaluation of the Inverse Fluidized Bed Biological Reactor for Treating High-Strength Industrial Wastewaters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2011.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Escudié R, Cresson R, Delgenès JP, Bernet N. Control of start-up and operation of anaerobic biofilm reactors: an overview of 15 years of research. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:1-10. [PMID: 20713296 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic biofilm reactors have to be operated in a way that optimizes on one hand the start-up period by a quick growth of an active biofilm, on the other hand the regular operation by an active control of the biofilm to avoid diffusion limitations and clogging. This article is an overview of the research carried out at INRA-LBE for the last 15 years. The start-up of anaerobic biofilm reactors may be considerably shortened by applying a short inoculation period (i.e. contact between the inoculum and the support media). Then, the increase of the organic loading rate should be operated at a short hydraulic retention time and low hydrodynamic constraints in order to favor biofilm growth. After the start-up period, biofilm growth should be controlled to maintain a high specific activity and prevent clogging. This can be done in particulate biofilm systems by using hydrodynamics to increase or decrease shear forces and attrition but is much more difficult in anaerobic fixed bed reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Escudié
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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Chen XG, Zheng P, Cai J, Qaisar M. Bed expansion behavior and sensitivity analysis for super-high-rate anaerobic bioreactor. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:79-86. [PMID: 20104641 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0900256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bed expansion behavior and sensitivity analysis for super-high-rate anaerobic bioreactor (SAB) were performed based on bed expansion ratio (E), maximum bed sludge content (V(pmax)), and maximum bed contact time between sludge and liquid (tau(max)). Bed expansion behavior models were established under bed unfluidization, fluidization, and transportation states. Under unfluidization state, E was 0, V(pmax) was 4 867 ml, and tau(max) was 844-3 800 s. Under fluidization state, E, V(pmax), and tau(max) were 5.28%-255.69%, 1 368-4 559 ml, and 104-732 s, respectively. Under transportation state, washout of granular sludge occurred and destabilized the SAB. During stable running of SAB under fluidization state, E correlated positively with superficial gas and liquid velocities (u(g) and u(l)), while V(pmax) and tau(max) correlated negatively. For E and V(pmax), the sensitivities of u(g) and u(l) were close to each other, while for tau(max), the sensitivity of u(l) was greater than that of u(g). The prediction from these models was a close match to the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-guang Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Xing W, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wu Z, Nguyen TT, Cullum P, Listowski A, Yang N. Enhancement of the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors (AFBBRs) by a new starch based flocculant. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Poh PE, Chong MF. Development of anaerobic digestion methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1-9. [PMID: 18657414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a highly polluting wastewater that pollutes the environment if discharged directly due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration. Anaerobic digestion has been widely used for POME treatment with large emphasis placed on capturing the methane gas released as a product of this biodegradation treatment method. The anaerobic digestion method is recognized as a clean development mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto protocol. Certified emission reduction (CER) can be obtained by using methane gas as a renewable energy. This review aims to discuss the various anaerobic treatments of POME and factors that influence the operation of anaerobic treatment. The POME treatment at both mesophilic and thermophilic temperature ranges are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Poh
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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