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Wijerathna WSMSK, Wimalaweera TIP, Samarajeewa DR, Lindamulla LMLKB, Rathnayake RMLD, Nanayakkara KGN, Jegatheesan V, Wei Y, Jinadasa KBSN. Imperative assessment on the current status of rubber wastewater treatment: Research development and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139512. [PMID: 37474026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The environment has been significantly impacted by the rubber industry through the release of large quantities of wastewater during various industrial processes. Therefore, it is crucial to treat the wastewater from the rubber industry before discharging it into natural water bodies. With the understanding that alarmingly depleting freshwater sources need to be preserved for future generations, this paper reviews the status of the rubber industry and the pollution caused by them, focusing mainly on water pollution. The review pays special attention to the recent advancements in wastewater treatment techniques for rubber industry wastewater categorizing them into pre-treatment, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes while discussing the advantages and disadvantages. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, it was determined that organic content and NH4+ are the most frequently focused water quality parameters, and despite some treatment methods demonstrating superior performance, many of the methods still face limitations and require further research to improve systems to handle high organic loading on the treatment systems and to implement them in industrial scale. The paper also explores the potential of utilizing untreated or treated wastewater and byproducts of wastewater treatment in contributing towards achieving several United Nations sustainable development goals (UN-SDGs); SDG 6, SDG 7, SDG 9, and SDG 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S M S K Wijerathna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - T I P Wimalaweera
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - D R Samarajeewa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - L M L K B Lindamulla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka; School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
| | - R M L D Rathnayake
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - K G N Nanayakkara
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - V Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - K B S N Jinadasa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Chen H. Response of aerobic activated sludge to edible oil exposure: Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) characteristics and microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117571. [PMID: 36871358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic activated sludge is widely used to degrade edible oil wastewater in wastewater treatment plants. During this process, the observed poor organics removal performance might be caused by poor sludge settling performance, which might be influenced by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the structure of the microbial community. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed. Thus, this study investigated the response of activated sludge to 50% and 100% edible oil exposure in comparison to glucose, focusing on organics removal performance, characteristics of sludge, EPS, and microbial community structure. Results showed that both concentrations of edible oil influenced the systems' performance, although 100% edible oil showed more significant negative effects than 50% edible oil. The mechanisms behind the influence of edible oil on the aerobic activated sludge system and the differences between the different concentrations of edible oil were revealed. The worse system performance in the edible oil exposure system was due to the worse sludge settling performance, which was significantly affected by edible oil (p < 0.05). The sludge settling performance was mainly inhibited by promoting the formation of floating particles and the enrichment of filamentous bacteria in the 50% edible oil exposure system; biosurfactant secretion was also speculated as the reason, in addition to the above factors, in the 100% edible oil exposure system. The macroscopic largest floating particles, highest total relative abundance of foaming bacteria and biosurfactant production genera (34.32%), lowest surface tension (43.7 mN/m), and highest emulsifying activity (E24 = 25%) of EPS in 100% edible oil exposure systems provide strong evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hongbin Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Nuid M, Aris A, Abdullah S, Fulazzaky MA, Muda K. Bioaugmentation and enhanced formation of biogranules for degradation of oil and grease: Start-up, kinetic and mass transfer studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118032. [PMID: 37163834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biogranulation technology is an emerging biological process in treating various wastewater. However, the development of biogranules requires an extended period of time when treating wastewaters with high oil and grease (O&G) content. A study was therefore conducted to assess the formation of biogranules through bioaugmentation with the Serratia marcescens SA30 strain, in treating real anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent (AD-POME), with O&G of about 4600 mg/L. The biogranules were developed in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system under alternating anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The experimental data were assessed using the modified mass transfer factor (MMTF) models to understand the mechanisms of biosorption of O&G on the biogranules. The system was run with variable organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.69-9.90 kg/m3d and superficial air velocity (SAV) of 2 cm/s. After 60 days of being bioaugmented with the Serratia marcescens SA30 strain, the flocculent biomass transformed into biogranules with excellent settleability with improved treatment efficiency. The biogranules showed a compact structure and good settling ability with an average diameter of about 2 mm, a sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI5) of 43 mL/g, and a settling velocity (SV) of 81 m/h after 256 days of operation. The average removal efficiencies of O&G increased from 6 to 99.92%, respectively. The application of the MMTF model verified that the resistance to O&G biosorption is controlled via film mass transfer. This research indicates successful bioaugmentation of biogranules using the Serratia marcescens SA30 strain for enhanced biodegradation of O&G and is capable to treat real AD-POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nuid
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Aris
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Shakila Abdullah
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, Panchor, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky
- School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Djuanda, Jalan Tol Ciawi No. 1, Ciawi, Bogor, 16700, Indonesia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Liu X, Pei Q, Han H, Yin H, Chen M, Guo C, Li J, Qiu H. Functional analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during the granulation of aerobic sludge: Relationship among EPS, granulation and nutrients removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112692. [PMID: 34999029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with high molecular weights, secreted from microorganisms, play a critical functional role in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS). To investigate the level and function of EPS during the granulation of aerobic sludge and in the mature AGS, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for 70 days. Aerobic granules with an average diameter of 0.25 mm were obtained with reducing settling time of sludge. Simultaneous removals of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus by the mature AGS exceeded 90, 95 and 95%, respectively. The EPS content increased significantly to above 333 mg/g MLVSS during the initial stage, and after that, it stabilized at about 240 mg/g MLVSS as the mature AGS formed, higher than that of the seed sludge (212 mg/g MLVSS). The increased EPS contents showed a negative correlation with SVI values, while a strong positive relationship with the formation of the AGS. The protein/polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio in the EPS increased from 1.42 to 4.17, and TP/MLSS increased to about 6%, with the formation of AGS. The proportion of extracellular-P increased with the increase of EPS, and then maintained stable at about 20%, indicating EPS promoted the removal of phosphorus. Furthermore, the results from the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that phosphorus in the AGS mainly existed in the form of inorganic phosphorus (IP) and the proportion of Ca5(PO4)3(OH) in IP was up to 92%. This investigation demonstrated that EPS had a positive relationship with the sludge granulation and nutrients removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Pei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Yin
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Chao Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Junli Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Qiu
- Yangtze Memory Technologies Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, China
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5
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Initialization, enhancement and mechanisms of aerobic granulation in wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rahman A, Habib S, Rahman M, Sajib MSJ, Yousuf A. A novel multi-phase treatment scheme for odorous rubber effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1366-1372. [PMID: 31530104 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1668965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great profits of rubber latex production, its preliminary processing releases a large amount of wastewater into the water bodies from several processing steps. This rubber effluent is rich in total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Therefore, the study addressed a liquid phase treatment of the effluent using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by coagu-flocculation and aeration. In addition, the gas phase (containing odorous hydrogen sulphide of 10-12% by volume) from the UASB reactor was sent to a caustic scrubber where the H2S removal efficiency of 63 ± 5% was achieved. This integrated multi-phase treatment scheme proved to be an effective approach by reducing TKN, TDS, BOD and COD by 68-87%, 61-69%, 81-84% and 81-87% respectively in the final effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
| | - Shahriar Habib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafijur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Symon Jahan Sajib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Yousuf
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with oversized diameter commonly affects its stability and pollutant removal. In order to effectively restrict the particle size of AGS, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a spiny aeration device was put forward. A conventional SBR (R1) and an SBR (R2) with the spiny aeration device treating tannery wastewater were compared in the laboratory. The result indicates that the size of the granular sludge from R2 was smaller than that from R1 with sludge granulation. The spines and air bubbles could effectively restrict the particle size of AGS by collision and abrasion. Nevertheless, there was no significant change in mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and the sludge volume index (SVI) in either bioreactors. The removal (%) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in these two bioreactors did not differ from each other greatly. The analysis of biological composition displays that the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased slightly in R2. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed less accumulation of Fe and Ca in smaller granules. Furthermore, a pilot-scale SBR with a spiny aeration device was successfully utilized to restrict the diameter of granules at about 300 μm.
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Mendes Barros AR, Argenta TS, de Amorim de Carvalho C, da Silva Oliveira F, Milen Firmino PI, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Effects of the antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on granulation, microbiology, and performance of aerobic granular sludge systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127840. [PMID: 32763570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the effect of the antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the granulation process, microbiology, and organic matter and nutrient removal of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. In addition, after the maturation stage, the impact of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) (25 μM) on the biotransformation of the antibiotics was evaluated. The reactor R1 was maintained as a control, and the reactor R2 was supplemented with TMP and SMX (200 μg L-1). The ability to remove C, N, and P was similar between the reactors. However, the structural integrity of the AGS was impaired by the antibiotics. Low TMP (∼30%) and SMX (∼60%) removals were achieved when compared to anaerobic or floccular biomass aerobic systems. However, when the system was supplemented with AQDS, an increase in the removal of TMP (∼75%) and SMX (∼95%) was observed, possibly due to the catalytic action of the redox mediator on cometabolic processes. Regarding the microbial groups, whereas Proteobacteria and Bacterioidetes increased, Planctomycetes decreased in both reactors. However, TMP and SMX presence seemed to inhibit or favor some genera during the formation of the granules, possibly due to their bactericidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís Salvador Argenta
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Clara de Amorim de Carvalho
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisca da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Igor Milen Firmino
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Ming J, Wang Q, Yoza BA, Liang J, Guo H, Li J, Guo S, Chen C. Bioreactor performance using biochar and its effect on aerobic granulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122620. [PMID: 31911314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects that rice husk (biochar-rh), rice bran (biochar-rb) and walnut shell (biochar-ws) biochar had on aerobic granulation and reactor performance during the treatment of petroleum wastewater have been investigated. The different biochars reduced aerobic granulation time by 15 days compared with the control and also increased resistance to shock loading. The average COD and TN removal increased by 3.2%-5.1% and 10%-13%, respectively. Bacteria having functional metabolisms associated with the treatment of petroleum wastewaters were enriched in granular sludge that contained biochars. The reactor containing biochar-rb was the most stable and removed the most nutrients. The reactor containing biochar-rh had the largest initial granule size. This study provides insights into how the physicochemical properties of different biochars influence aerobic granular sludge systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Brandon A Yoza
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Jiahao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongqiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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Nancharaiah YV, Kiran Kumar Reddy G. Aerobic granular sludge technology: Mechanisms of granulation and biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:1128-1143. [PMID: 28985995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a novel microbial community which allows simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge system. AGS is distinct from activated sludge in physical, chemical and microbiological properties and offers compact and cost-effective treatment for removing oxidized and reduced contaminants from wastewater. AGS sequencing batch reactors have shown their utility in the treatment of abattoir, live-stock, rubber, landfill leachate, dairy, brewery, textile and other effluents. AGS is extensively researched for wide-spread implementation in sewage treatment plants. However, formation of AGS takes relatively much longer time while treating low-strength wastewaters like sewage. Strategies like increased volumetric flow by means of short cycles and mixing of sewage with industrial wastewaters can promote AGS formation while treating low-strength sewage. This article reviewed the state of research on AGS formation mechanisms, bioremediation capabilities and biotechnological applications of AGS technology in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - G Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Caluwé M, Dobbeleers T, D'aes J, Miele S, Akkermans V, Daens D, Geuens L, Kiekens F, Blust R, Dries J. Formation of aerobic granular sludge during the treatment of petrochemical wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:559-567. [PMID: 28477518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, petrochemical wastewater from the port of Antwerp was used for the development of aerobic granular sludge. Two different reactor setups were used, (1) a completely aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBRae) with a feast/famine regime and (2) a sequencing batch reactor operated with an anaerobic feast/aerobic famine strategy (SBRan). The seed sludge showed poor settling characteristics with a sludge volume index (SVI) of 285mL.gMLSS-1 and a median particle size by volume of 86.0µm±1.9µm. In both reactors, granulation was reached after 30days with a SVI of 71mL.gMLSS-1 and median granule size of 264.7µm in SBRan and a SVI of 56mL.gMLSS-1 and median granule size of 307.4µm in SBRae. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was similar in both reactors and above 95%. The anaerobic DOC uptake increased from 0.13% to 43.2% in 60days in SBRan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Caluwé
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium; SPHERE, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Dobbeleers
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Solange Miele
- National University of Quilmes, Basic and Applied Microbiology Institute, Genetic Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Veerle Akkermans
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Daens
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Luc Geuens
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Ronny Blust
- SPHERE, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jan Dries
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Quantitative evaluation on the characteristics of activated sludge granules and flocs using a fuzzy entropy-based approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42910. [PMID: 28211540 PMCID: PMC5314380 DOI: 10.1038/srep42910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated sludge granules and flocs have their inherent advantages and disadvantages for wastewater treatment due to their different characteristics. So far quantitative information on their evaluation is still lacking. This work provides a quantitative and comparative evaluation on the characteristics and pollutant removal capacity of granules and flocs by using a new methodology through integrating fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, accelerating genetic algorithm and entropy weight method. Evaluation results show a higher overall score of granules, indicating that granules had more favorable characteristics than flocs. Although large sized granules might suffer from more mass transfer limitation and is prone to operating instability, they also enable a higher level of biomass retention, greater settling velocity and lower sludge volume index compared to flocs. Thus, optimized control of granule size is essential for achieving good pollutant removal performance and simultaneously sustaining long-term stable operation of granule-based reactors. This new integrated approach is effective to quantify and differentiate the characteristics of activated sludge granules and flocs. The evaluation results also provide useful information for the application of activated sludge granules in full-scale wastewater treatment plants.
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13
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Corsino SF, di Biase A, Devlin TR, Munz G, Torregrossa M, Oleszkiewicz JA. Effect of extended famine conditions on aerobic granular sludge stability in the treatment of brewery wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 226:150-157. [PMID: 27997869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Results obtained from three aerobic granular sludge reactors treating brewery wastewater are presented. Reactors were operated for 60d days in each of the two periods under different cycle duration: (Period I) short 6h cycle, and (Period II) long 12h cycle. Organic loading rates (OLR) varying from 0.7kgCODm-3d-1 to 4.1kgCODm-3d-1 were tested. During Period I, granules successfully developed in all reactors, however, results revealed that the feast and famine periods were not balanced and the granular structure deteriorated and became irregular. During Period II at decreased 12h cycle time, granules were observed to develop again with superior structural stability compared to the short 6h cycle time, suggesting that a longer starvation phase enhanced production of proteinaceous EPS. Overall, the extended famine conditions encouraged granule stability, likely because long starvation period favours bacteria capable of storage of energy compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Fabio Corsino
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospatial Engineering and Material, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro di Biase
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Tanner Ryan Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Giulio Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospatial Engineering and Material, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
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14
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Amorim CL, Moreira IS, Duque AF, van Loosdrecht MCM, Castro PML. Aerobic Granular Sludge. TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF NUTRIENTS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1037-6.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) has been successfully applied for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal from wastewaters, in a single tank, reducing the space and energy requirements. This is especially beneficial for, often space restricted, industrial facilities. Moreover, AGS holds a promise for the toxic pollutants removal, due to its layered and compact structure and the bacteria embedding in a protective extracellular polymeric matrix. These outstanding features contribute to AGS tolerance to toxicity and stability. Strategies available to deal with toxic compounds, namely granulation with effluents containing toxics and bioaugmentation, are addressed here. Different applications for the toxics/micropollutants removal through biosorption and/or biodegradation are presented, illustrating the technology versatility. The anthropogenic substances effects on system performance and bacterial populations established within AGS are also addressed. Combination of contaminants removal to allow water discharge, and simultaneous valuable products recovery are presented as final remark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L. Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal & University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Anouk F. Duque
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal & Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Ab Halim MH, Nor Anuar A, Abdul Jamal NS, Azmi SI, Ujang Z, Bob MM. Influence of high temperature on the performance of aerobic granular sludge in biological treatment of wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:271-280. [PMID: 27720606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the efficiency of organics and nutrients removal during the cultivation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in biological treatment of synthetic wastewater was studied. With this aim, three 3 L sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with influent loading rate of 1.6 COD g (L d)-1 were operated at different high temperatures (30, 40 and 50 °C) for simultaneous COD, phosphate and ammonia removal at a complete cycle time of 3 h. The systems were successfully started up and progressed to steady state at different cultivation periods. The statistical comparison of COD, phosphate and ammonia for effluent from the three SBRs revealed that there was a significant difference between groups of all the working temperatures of the bioreactors. The AGS cultivated at different high temperatures also positively correlated with the accumulation of elements including carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium and magnesium that played important roles in the granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hakim Ab Halim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aznah Nor Anuar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Engineering Education (CEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Syahida Abdul Jamal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Izaidah Azmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaini Ujang
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa M Bob
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, 30001 Universities Road, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Jiang Y, Shang Y, Wang H, Yang K. Rapid formation and pollutant removal ability of aerobic granules in a sequencing batch airlift reactor at low temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:3078-3085. [PMID: 27166437 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1176075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The start-up of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor at low temperature was more difficult than at ambient temperature.The rapid formation and characteristics of AGS in a sequencing batch airlift reactor at low temperature were investigated. The nutrient removal ability of the system was also evaluated. It was found that compact granules with clear boundary were formed within 10 days and steady state was achieved within 25 days. The settling properties of sludge were improved with the increasing secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and removal performances of pollutants were enhanced along with granulation. The average removal efficiencies of COD, NH4(+)-N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) after aerobic granules maturing were over 90.9%, 94.7%, 75.4%, 80.2%, respectively. The rise of temperature had little impact on pollutant biodegradation while the variation of dissolved oxygen caused obvious changes in TN and TP removal rates. COD concentrations of effluents were below 30 mg l(-1) in most cycles of operation with a wide range of organic loading rates (0.6-3.0 kg COD m(-3) d(-1)). The rapid granulation and good performance of pollutant reduction by the system might provide an alternate for wastewater treatment in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- a School of Civil Engineering , Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shang
- a School of Civil Engineering , Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- a School of Civil Engineering , Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- a School of Civil Engineering , Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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17
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Moussavi G, Shekoohiyan S, Naddafi K. Anoxic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in saline media using denitrifier biogranules. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:51-56. [PMID: 26990939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) biodegradation was examined using biogranules at different initial TPH concentration and contact time under anoxic condition in saline media. The circular compact biogranules having the average diameter between 2 and 3mm were composed of a dense population of Bacillus spp. capable of biodegrading TPH under anoxic condition in saline media were formed in first step of the study. The biogranules could biodegrade over 99% of the TPH at initial concentration up to 2g/L at the contact time of 22h under anoxic condition in saline media. The maximum TPH biodegradation rate of 2.6 gTPH/gbiomass.d could be obtained at initial TPH concentration of 10g/L. Accordingly, the anoxic biogranulation is a possible and promising technique for high-rate biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in saline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Moussavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sakine Shekoohiyan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Long B, Yang CZ, Pu WH, Yang JK, Jiang GS, Li CY, Liu FB, Dan JF, Zhang J, Zhang L. Rapid cultivation of aerobic granule for the treatment of solvent recovery raffinate in a bench scale sequencing batch reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Dai Y, Jiang Y, Su H. Influence of an aniline supplement on the stability of aerobic granular sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 162:115-122. [PMID: 26233584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the stability of aerobic granules in a toxic environment, this study discussed the influence of an aniline supplement on the properties and microbial community of aerobic granules. In the early stages of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operation, an aniline supplement slightly affected the properties of the aerobic granules (strength, growth rate, SVI and so on). This effect was thereafter removed because of a change in the microbial community and the structure of aerobic granules: with the present of aniline, microbes with biodegradation ability appeared and gathered in the aerobic granules and the aerobic granules densified and settled faster as their SVI decreased to 35 mL/g and settling velocity increased to 41.56 m/h. When a synthetic waste water containing acetate as carbon source was used as influent, aniline (10-500 mg/L) could be degraded in 6 h, at a rate as high as 37.5 mg aniline/(L·h), with a removal rate in excess of 90%, while the effluent COD fell below 100 mg/L from the initial about 2000 mg/L. The aerobic granules cultured by acetate were compact, stable and resistant to aniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yixin Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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20
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Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang X, Jiang X, Wu S, Shen J, Sun X, Li J, Lu L, Wang L. Aerobic granulation strategy for bioaugmentation of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating high strength pyridine wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 295:153-160. [PMID: 25897697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), using a single bacterial strain Rhizobium sp. NJUST18 as the inoculum. NJUST18 presented as both a good pyridine degrader and an efficient autoaggregator. Stable granules with diameter of 0.5-1 mm, sludge volume index of 25.6 ± 3.6 mL g(-1) and settling velocity of 37.2 ± 2.7 m h(-1), were formed in SBR following 120-day cultivation. These granules exhibited excellent pyridine degradation performance, with maximum volumetric degradation rate (Vmax) varied between 1164.5 mg L(-1) h(-1) and 1867.4 mg L(-1) h(-1). High-throughput sequencing analysis exhibited a large shift in microbial community structure, since the SBR was operated under open condition. Paracoccus and Comamonas were found to be the most predominant species in the aerobic granule system after the system had stabilized. The initially inoculated Rhizobium sp. lost its dominance during aerobic granulation. However, the inoculation of Rhizobium sp. played a key role in the start-up process of this bioaugmentation system. This study demonstrated that, in addition to the hydraulic selection pressure during settling and effluent discharge, the selection of aggregating bacterial inocula is equally important for the formation of the aerobic granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China; Suzhou Institute of Architectural Design Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shijing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lude Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Ab Halim MH, Nor Anuar A, Azmi SI, Jamal NSA, Wahab NA, Ujang Z, Shraim A, Bob MM. Aerobic sludge granulation at high temperatures for domestic wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:445-449. [PMID: 25851807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With inoculum sludge from a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with synthetic wastewater were operated at different high temperatures (30, 40 and 50±1°C) to study the formation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for simultaneous organics and nutrients removal with a complete cycle time of 3h. The AGS were successfully cultivated with influent loading rate of 1.6CODg(Ld)(-1). The COD/N ratio of the influent wastewater was 8. The results revealed that granules developed at 50°C have the highest average diameter, (3.36mm) with 98.17%, 94.45% and 72.46% removal efficiency observed in the system for COD, ammonia and phosphate, respectively. This study also demonstrated the capabilities of AGS formation at high temperatures which is suitable to be applied for hot climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hakim Ab Halim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aznah Nor Anuar
- Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Engineering Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Izaidah Azmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahida Abdul Jamal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaliza Abdul Wahab
- Department of Control and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaini Ujang
- Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amjad Shraim
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Taibah, 30001 Universities Road, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa M Bob
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Taibah, 30001 Universities Road, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Long B, Yang CZ, Pu WH, Yang JK, Shi YF, Wang J, Bai J, Zhou XY, Jiang GS, Li CY, Liu FB. The stability of aerobic granular sludge treating municipal sludge deep dewatering filtrate in a bench scale sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:244-250. [PMID: 25058300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inoculated with mature aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor, gradually increasing the proportion of municipal sludge deep dewatering filtrate in influent, aerobic granular sludge was domesticated after 84 days and maintained its structure during the operation. The domesticated AGS was yellowish-brown, dense and irregular spherical shape, average size was 1.49 mm, water content and specific density were 98.13% and 1.0114, the SVI and settling velocity were 40 ml/g and 46.5m/h. After 38 days, NO3(-)-N accumulated obviously in the reactor as lack of carbon sources. When adding 1-3g solid CH3COONa at 4.5 and 5.5h of each cycle from the 57th day, the removal rate of TN rose to above 90% after 20 days, where effective COD removal and denitrification were realized in a single bioreactor. Finally, the removal rates of COD, TP, TN and NH4(+)-N were higher than 95%, 88%, 96% and 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Chang-Zhu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Wen-Hong Pu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jia-Kuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Ya-Fei Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jun Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xuan-Yue Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guo-Sheng Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fu-Biao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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23
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Long B, Yang CZ, Pu WH, Yang JK, Jiang GS, Dan JF, Li CY, Liu FB. Rapid cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a pilot scale sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:57-63. [PMID: 24905043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge which had good performance to pollutants removal was successfully cultivated within 18 days in a pilot scale sequencing batch reactor, about 25% mature aerobic granular sludge was inoculated when the setting time of activated sludge was reduced to 10 min. Anaerobic biological selector was implemented to inhibit filamentous bacteria overgrowth, where the maximum COD could reach to 1703.74 mg/L. The cultivated aerobic granular sludge was irregular and pale yellow, average particle size, SVI, SV₃₀/SV₅, PN/PS, EPS and water content were 1.58 mm, 67.64 mL/g, 0.91, 2.17, 268.90 mg EPS/g MLVSS and 98.16% on the 18th day. Mechanism of rapid granulation mainly included crystal nucleus hypothesis and selection pressure hypothesis. The inoculated aerobic granules could maintain stable under short setting time environment, making it directly as the crystal nucleus and the carriers for new particles without obvious disintegration, which eventually shortened the granulation time greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chang-zhu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-hong Pu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia-kuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guo-sheng Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing-feng Dan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun-yang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fu-biao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
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24
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Rosman NH, Nor Anuar A, Chelliapan S, Md Din MF, Ujang Z. Characteristics and performance of aerobic granular sludge treating rubber wastewater at different hydraulic retention time. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:155-161. [PMID: 24704837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT, 24, 12, and 6h) on the physical characteristics of granules and performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating rubber wastewater was investigated. Results showed larger granular sludge formation at HRT of 6h with a mean size of 2.0±0.1mm, sludge volume index of 20.1mLg(-1), settling velocity of 61mh(-1), density of 78.2gL(-1) and integrity coefficient of 9.54. Scanning electron microscope analyses revealed different morphology of microorganisms and structural features of granules when operated at various HRT. The results also demonstrated that up to 98.4% COD reduction was achieved when the reactor was operated at low HRT (6h). Around 92.7% and 89.5% removal efficiency was noted for ammonia and total nitrogen in the granular SBR system during the treatment of rubber wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hasyimah Rosman
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aznah Nor Anuar
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhil Md Din
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaini Ujang
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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25
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Lopes MP, Xin G, Crespo JG. Energy saving membrane treatment of high organic load industrial effluents: from lab to pilot scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 131:161-169. [PMID: 24161805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nanofiltration unit was implemented at an industrial site, for the treatment of industrial wastewater generated during rubber tubing extrusion. The aim was to reduce the energy input required, while assuring a final effluent quality that meets the requirements of environmental legislation. In a first stage, two membrane process treatments, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, were evaluated at laboratory scale in order to assess the rejection of pollutants and maximise permeate throughput. Permeate generated from nanofiltration using either an NF90 or an NF270 membrane were shown to meet the effluent discharge requirements (<2000 mg COD/l). The less restrictive membrane, NF270, was chosen for study in a pilot plant at the industrial site, due to its higher membrane permeability. The pilot nanofiltration unit was integrated into the treatment plant operation aiming at optimising the process in terms of the efficiency of pollutant removal with minimal energy input. A feasibility study was performed for this case-study and it was concluded that the energy expenditure of the new process represents only 62% of the current energy consumption of the treatment plant. The proposed solution in this work may be retrofitted to full scale wastewater treatment processes, and may be applicable to industries that employ similar manufacturing processes, and face similar difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Pessoa Lopes
- CQFB/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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