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Bueno SA, de Oliveira Santiago Santos G, Oliveira Silva T, Vasconcelos Lanza MR, Balderas Hernández P, Roa Morales G, Ibáñez Cornejo J, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA. Sustainable integrated process for cogeneration of oxidants for VOCs removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140171. [PMID: 37714487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This study upgrades the sustainability of environmental electrochemical technologies with a novel approach consisting of the in-situ cogeneration and use of two important oxidants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Caro's acid (H2SO5), manufactured with the same innovative cell. This reactor was equipped with a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) to generate cathodically H2O2, from oxygen reduction reaction, a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode to obtain H2SO5, via anodic oxidation of dilute sulfuric acid, and a proton exchange membrane to separate the anodic and the cathodic compartment, preventing the scavenging effect of the interaction of oxidants. A special design of the inlet helps this cell to reach simultaneous efficiencies as high as 99% for H2O2 formation and 19.7% for Caro's acid formation, which means that the cogeneration reaches efficiencies over 100% in the uses of electric current to produce oxidants. The two oxidants' streams produced were used with different configurations for the degradation of three volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) in a batch reactor equipped with a UVC-lamp. Among different alternatives studied, the combination H2SO5/H2O2 under UVC irradiation showed the best results in terms of degradation efficiency, demonstrating important synergisms as compared to the bare technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ayala Bueno
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México UAEM, Toluca, Mexico; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Géssica de Oliveira Santiago Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain; Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Taynara Oliveira Silva
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain; Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Andres Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Study on Gaseous Chlorobenzene Treatment by a Bio-Trickling Filter: Degradation Mechanism and Microbial Community. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-flow waste gas generated from the pharmaceutical and chemical industry usually contains low concentrations of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), and it is also the key factor that presents challenges in terms of disposal. To date, due to the limitations of mass transfer rate and microbial degradation ability, the degradation performance of VOCs using the biological method has not been ideal. Therefore, in this study, the sludge from a chlorobenzene-containing wastewater treatment plant was inoculated into our experimental bio-trickling filter (BTF) to explore the feasibility of domestication and degradation of gaseous chlorobenzene by highly active microorganisms. The kinetics of its mass transfer reaction and microbial community dynamics were also discussed. Moreover, the main process parameters of BTF for chlorobenzene degradation were optimized. The results showed that the degradation effect of chlorobenzene reached more than 85% at an inlet concentration of chlorobenzene 700 mg·m−3, oxygen concentration of 10%, and an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 80 s. The mass transfer kinetic analysis indicated that the process of chlorobenzene degradation in the BTF occurred between the zero-stage reaction and the first-stage reaction. This BTF contributed significantly to the biodegradability of chlorobenzene, overcoming the limitation of gas-to-liquid/solid mass transfer of chlorobenzene. The analysis of the species diversity showed that Thermomonas, Petrimona, Comana, and Ottowia were typical organic-matter-degrading bacteria that degraded chlorobenzene efficiently with xylene present.
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Wang H, Yan D, Zeng H, He J. Using corncob-based biochar to intercept BTEX in stormwater filtration systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1858-1867. [PMID: 33201849 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biochar material made from corncobs was tested for its capability in BTEX adsorption/interception in stormwater filtration systems. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption thermodynamics of BTEX onto this biochar. The feasibility of applying this biochar in stormwater filtration was studied by dynamic transport experiments and model simulations. The result showed that this biochar can adsorb BTEX and the adsorption is a thermodynamically spontaneous, and endothermic process. The BTEX adsorption kinetic experiment and adsorption retarded BTEX transport experiment indicated that the BTEX adsorption kinetics can be changed by the driving force between the BTEX concentrations and the active adsorption site as well as the contact time between BTEX and the biochar. In terms of applying this biochar in stormwater filtration, the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis indicated that the BTEX interception is sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity of the biochar filter and the adsorption kinetics of the biochar material. Although this corncob-made biochar demonstrated effective pollutant adsorption capability, the biochar adsorption capability should be utilized to retain the pollutant long enough for biodegradation to take effect for ultimate pollutant attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huannan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China E-mail:
| | - Dandan Yan
- Shenzhen Water Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jiajie He
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China E-mail:
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Feng R, Xu M, Li J, Huang S, Zhao G, Tu X, Sun G, Guo J. Structure and predictive functional profiling of microbial communities in two biotrickling filters treated with continuous/discontinuous waste gases. AMB Express 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30610394 PMCID: PMC6320331 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two biotrickling filters were operated in continuous (BTF1) and discontinuous (BTF2) modes at a constant empty bed residence time of 60 s for 60 days. From day 60, the operation mode of each BTF was oppositely switched. Higher removal efficiencies of five aromatic pollutants were recorded with BTF1 (> 77.2%). The switch in the operation mode did not alter the removal performance of BTF1. Comparatively, BTF2 was not successfully acclimated in the discontinuous operation mode. Once the mode had been switched to continuous mode, the removal efficiencies of BTF2 on all pollutants increased drastically and finally exceeded the values observed in BTF1, with the single exception of p-xylene. Principle coordinate analysis and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that the structure of the microbial communities differed considerably between both BTFs (R = 1.000, p < 0.01) as well as before and after the switch in BTF2 (R = 0.996, p < 0.01). The random forest model demonstrated that Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, and Comamonas were the three most important bacterial genera contributing to the differences in microbial communities between the two BTFs. Metagenomics inferred by PICUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) indicated that BTF2 had high degradation potential for aromatic pollutants, although those genes involved in biofilm formation were less active in BTF2 than those in BTF1.
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Leili M, Farjadfard S, Sorial GA, Ramavandi B. Simultaneous biofiltration of BTEX and Hg° from a petrochemical waste stream. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:531-539. [PMID: 28934676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biofiltration system was developed to treat benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and Hg° vapour from a petrochemical waste stream during overhaul maintenance. The biofilter compost bed was inoculated with a microbial consortium provided by a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. The effect of the a BTEX concentration (192.6-973.8 g/m3h) and empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 20-100 s were studied under the conditions of steady state, transient, shock BTEX-loading, and off-restart. The findings revealed that during a biofilter start-up, an increase in the influent BTEX concentration to around 334.3 g/m3h did not notably affect the biofiltration function at an EBRT of 100 s, and the removal efficiency was higher than 98%. Further, the low EBRT of 60 s did not have adverse effects on the BTEX and Hg° biofiltration (the removal efficiency in both was >93%). For the biofiltration system, the BTEX and Hg° critical attenuation capacity were obtained as 663 gBTEX/m3h and 12.6 gHg°/m3h respectively. A maximum attenuation capacity of 774.5 gBTEX/m3h was achieved in the biofilter when the BTEX loading rate was 973.8 gBTEX/m3h. The parameters of km and rmax of the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model were obtained as 0.099 g/m3 and 0.578 g/m3min respectively. Both BTEX and mercury vapours were completely mass balanced during a continuous biofiltration test. In general, the developed treatment system exhibited a good performance in the treatment of the BTEX stream containing Hg° vapour in the off-gas of a petrochemical company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Farjadfard
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - George A Sorial
- Environmental Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Environmental Health Engineering Department, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Padhi SK, Gokhale S. Treatment of gaseous volatile organic compounds using a rotating biological filter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:270-280. [PMID: 28780260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rotating biological filter (RBF), which provides higher oxygen mass transfer has been developed for treating gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as BTEX (Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) at higher concentrations. The screening of enriched cultures has been done initially to enhance the performance of RBF for treating xylene, toluene and xylene, and BTEX at various loading rates. The removal efficiency of BTEX was maximum (82%), higher than toluene and xylene (79%), and xylene (72%). The presence of xylene enhanced the removal of toluene in the mixture. In the BTEX, toluene was found to be highly biodegradable followed by ethylbenzene, benzene and xylene. The RBF also removed nutrients from wastewater along with VOCs. The stability study of RBF showed that supply of nutrient media influenced the RBF performance more. Further, the predominant strain identified in the mixed culture was Enterobacter cloacae SP4001, responsible for biodegradation of BTEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susant Kumar Padhi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sharad Gokhale
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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Biodegradation of gaseous toluene with mixed microbial consortium in a biofilter: steady state and transient operation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Zhu Y, Li S, Luo Y, Ma H, Wang Y. A biofilter for treating toluene vapors: performance evaluation and microbial counts behavior. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2045. [PMID: 27231662 PMCID: PMC4878367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A lab-scale biofilter packed with mixed packing materials was used for degradation of toluene. Different empty bed residence times, 148.3, 74.2 and 49.4 s, were tested for inlet concentration ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 g/m3. The maximum elimination capacity of 36.0 g/(m3 h) occurred at an inlet loading rate of 45.9 g/(m3 h). The contribution of the lower layer was higher than other layers and always had the highest elimination capacity. The carbon dioxide production rate and distribution of micro-organisms followed toluene elimination capacities. The results of this study indicated that mixed packing materials could be considered as a potential biofilter carrier, with low pressure drop (less than 84.9 Pa/m), for treating air streams containing VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Shunyi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yimeng Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hongye Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Analysis of Metabolites and Carbon Balance in the Biofilteration of Cumene Using Loofa Sponge as Biofilter Media. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:338-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rene ER, Kar S, Krishnan J, Pakshirajan K, López ME, Murthy DVS, Swaminathan T. Start-up, performance and optimization of a compost biofilter treating gas-phase mixture of benzene and toluene. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:529-535. [PMID: 25827361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a compost biofilter inoculated with mixed microbial consortium was optimized for treating a gas-phase mixture of benzene and toluene. The biofilter was acclimated to these VOCs for a period of ∼18d. The effects of concentration and flow rate on the removal efficiency (RE) and elimination capacity (EC) were investigated by varying the inlet concentration of benzene (0.12-0.95g/m(3)), toluene (0.14-1.48g/m(3)) and gas-flow rate (0.024-0.072m(3)/h). At comparable loading rates, benzene removal in the mixture was reduced in the range of 6.6-41% in comparison with the individual benzene degradation. Toluene removal in mixture was even more affected as observed from the reductions in REs, ranging from 18.4% to 76%. The results were statistically interpreted by performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to elucidate the main and interaction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute of Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Saurajyoti Kar
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute of Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jagannathan Krishnan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Pakshirajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - M Estefanía López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Zapateira, University of La Coruńa, Rua da Fraga, 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - D V S Murthy
- Broward College, 3501 Davie Road, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - T Swaminathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Mathur AK, Balomajumder C. Biological treatment and modeling aspect of BTEX abatement process in a biofilter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:9-17. [PMID: 23732917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a laboratory scale corn-cob based biofilter inoculated with Bacillus sphaericus (MTCC 8103) was used for degradation of BTEX for a period of 86 days. The overall performance of a biofilter evaluated in terms of its elimination capacity by using 3-D mesh technique. Maximum removal efficiency was found more than 96.43% for all four compounds in each phase of experiments. A maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 60.89 gm(-3)h(-1) of the biofilter was obtained at inlet BTEX load of 63.14 gm(-3)h(-1). The follow-up of carbon dioxide concentration profile through the biofilter revealed that the mass ratio of carbon dioxide produced to the BTEX removed was approximately 2.2, which confirms complete degradation of BTEX. Moreover, BTEX concentration profile along the biofilter depth bed also determined by convection-diffusion reactor (CDR) model.
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