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Palla S, Surya DV, Pritam K, Puppala H, Basak T, Palla VCS. A critical review on the influence of operating parameters and feedstock characteristics on microwave pyrolysis of biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33607-0. [PMID: 38888826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Biomass pyrolysis is the most effective process to convert abundant organic matter into value-added products that could be an alternative to depleting fossil fuels. A comprehensive understanding of the biomass pyrolysis is essential in designing the experiments. However, pyrolysis is a complex process dependent on multiple feedstock characteristics, such as biomass consisting of volatile matter, moisture content, fixed carbon, and ash content, all of which can influence yield formation. On top of that, product composition can also be affected by the particle size, shape, susceptors used, and pre-treatment conditions of the feedstock. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is a novel thermochemical process that improves internal heat transfer. MAP experiments complicate the operation due to additional governing factors (i.e. operating parameters) such as heating rate, temperature, and microwave power. In most instances, a single parameter or the interaction of parameters, i.e. the influence of other parameter integration, plays a crucial role in pyrolysis. Although various studies on a few operating parameters or feedstock characteristics have been discussed in the literature, a comprehensive review still needs to be provided. Consequently, this review paper deconstructed biomass and its sources, including microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and discussed the impact of operating parameters and biomass properties on pyrolysis products. This paper addresses the challenge of handling multivariate problems in MAP and delivers solutions by application of the machine learning technique to minimise experimental effort. Techno-economic analysis of the biomass pyrolysis process and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Palla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy Visakhapatnam, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Dadi Venkata Surya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India.
| | - Kocherlakota Pritam
- Department of Mathematics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India
| | - Harish Puppala
- 1Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University AP, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Tanmay Basak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Venkata Chandra Sekhar Palla
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, India
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Ayub HMU, Nizami M, Qyyum MA, Iqbal N, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Hasan M. Sustainable hydrogen production via microalgae: Technological advancements, economic indicators, environmental aspects, challenges, and policy implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117815. [PMID: 38048865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has emerged as an alternative energy source to meet the increasing global energy demand, depleting fossil fuels and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption. Microalgae-based biomass is gaining attention as a potential source of hydrogen production due to its green energy carrier properties, high energy content, and carbon-free combustion. This review examines the hydrogen production process from microalgae, including the microalgae cultivation technological process for biomass production, and the three main routes of biomass-to-hydrogen production: thermochemical conversion, photo biological conversion, and electrochemical conversion. The current progress of technological options in the three main routes is presented, with the various strains of microalgae and operating conditions of the processes. Furthermore, the economic and environmental perspectives of biomass-to-hydrogen from microalgae are evaluated, and critical operational parameters are used to assess the feasibility of scaling up biohydrogen production for commercial industrial-scale applications. The key finding is the thermochemical conversion process is the most feasible process for biohydrogen production, compared to the pyrolysis process. In the photobiological and electrochemical process, pure hydrogen can be achieved, but further process development is required to enhance the production yield. In addition, the high production cost is the main challenge in biohydrogen production. The cost of biohydrogen production for direct bio photolysis it cost around $7.24 kg-1; for indirect bio photolysis it costs around $7.54 kg-1 and for fermentation, it costs around $7.61 kg-1. Therefore, comprehensive studies and efforts are required to make biohydrogen production from microalgae applications more economical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Nizami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qyyum
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Noman Iqbal
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Leong YK, Chang JS. Microalgae-based biochar production and applications: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129782. [PMID: 37742815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a solid carbonaceous substance synthesized from the thermochemical degradation of biomass, holds significant potential in addressing global challenges such as soil degradation, environmental pollution, and climate change. Its potential as a carbon sequestration agent, together with its versatile applications in soil amendments, pollutant adsorption, and biofuel production, has garnered attention. On the other hand, microalgae, with their outstanding photosynthetic efficiency, adaptability, and ability to accumulate carbohydrates and lipids, have demonstrated potential as emerging feedstock for biochar production. However, despite the significant potential of microalgal biochar, our current understanding of its various aspects, such as the influence of parameters, chemical modifications, and applications, remains limited. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of microalgae-based biochar, covering topics such as production techniques, pollutant removal, catalytic applications, soil amendments, and synthesis of carbon quantum dots to bridge the existing knowledge gap in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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Suriapparao DV, Tanneru HK, Reddy BR. A review on the role of susceptors in the recovery of valuable renewable carbon products from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulosic and algal biomasses: Prospects and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114378. [PMID: 36150436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable bio-economics can be achieved by the processing of renewable biomass resources. Hence, this review article presents a detailed analysis of the effect of susceptors on microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of biomass. Biomass is categorized as lignocellulosic and algal biomass based on available sources. Selected seminal works reporting the MAP of pure biomasses are reviewed thoroughly. Focus is given to understanding the role of the susceptor used for pyrolysis on the characteristics of products produced. The goal is to curate the literature and report variation in the product characteristics for the combinations of the biomass and susceptor. The review explores the factors such as the susceptor to feed-stock ratio and its implications on the product compositions. The process parameters including microwave power, reaction temperature, heating rate, feedstock composition, and product formation are discussed in detail. A repository of such information would enable researchers to glance through the closest possible susceptors they should use for a chosen biomass of their interest for better oil yields. Further, a list of potential applications of MAP products of biomasses, along with the susceptor used, are reported. To this end, this review presents the possible opportunities and challenges for tapping valuable carbon resources from the MAP of biomass for sustainable energy needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India.
| | - Hemanth Kumar Tanneru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy Visakhapatnam, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Busigari Rajasekhar Reddy
- Department of Fuel, Mineral and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Vuppaladadiyam SSV, Awasthi A, Sahoo A, Rehman S, Pant KK, Murugavelh S, Huang Q, Anthony E, Fennel P, Bhattacharya S, Leu SY. Biomass pyrolysis: A review on recent advancements and green hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128087. [PMID: 36216287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass pyrolysis has recently gained increasing attention as a thermochemical conversion process for obtaining value-added products, thanks to the development of cutting-edge, innovative and cost-effective pyrolysis processes. Over time, new and novel pyrolysis techniques have emerged, and these processes can be tuned to maximize the production of high-quality hydrogen. This review examines recent advancements in biomass pyrolysis by classifying them into conventional, advanced and emerging approaches. A comprehensive overview on the recent advancements in biomass pyrolysis, highlighting the current status for industrial applications is presented. Further, the impact of each technique under different approaches on conversion of biomass for hydrogen production is evaluated. Techniques, such as inline catalytic pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis, etc., can be employed for the sustainable production of hydrogen. Finally, the techno-economic analysis is presented to understand the viability of pyrolysis at large scale. The outlook highlights discernments into future directions, aimed to overcome the current shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abhishek Awasthi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S Murugavelh
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Edward Anthony
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Paul Fennel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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6
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A comparative assessment of biofuel products from rice husk and oil palm empty fruit bunch obtained from conventional and microwave pyrolysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang Z, Gong Z, Wang Z, Li X, Liu J, Tang C, Chu Z. Pyrolysis characteristics and products distribution of petroleum sludges. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1819-1832. [PMID: 33206008 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1853247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis can realise the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilisation of petroleum sludge in a short period. In the present work, a tank bottom sludge (SSOS) and a landing sludge (SLOS) from Shengli Oilfield were used for experimental research. Thermogravimetric testing is used to initially determine the optimal range of pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis experiments were performed in a tube furnace reactor. Pyrolysis products were collected and analysed separately. The char yield of SSOS and SLOS were 50% and 70%, respectively. Although there are differences in the oil content of the two types of petroleum sludge, the oil yield remained nearly the same, which were both between 7% and 8%. As the pyrolysis temperature was raised to 500°C, the yield of each product did not change greatly while their composition had obvious changes. High temperature is more conducive to the production of small molecule products. Result showed that pyrolysis treatment of petroleum sludge can effectively recover energy materials in the form of pyrolysis gas and oil. The heating value of char is lower than that of petroleum sludge, which means that char is not suitable for direct use as fuel. Pyrolysis treatment also showed good curing effect on Cr, which reached 85%. However, the solidification effect decreased as pyrolysis temperature increasing. It is necessary to pay attention to the heavy metal contained in char as soil improver. The rich surface structure of char provides evidence to produce high value-added carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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8
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Huang Z, Zhang J, Pan M, Hao Y, Hu R, Xiao W, Li G, Lyu T. Valorisation of microalgae residues after lipid extraction: Pyrolysis characteristics for biofuel production. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Sun J, Norouzi O, Mašek O. A state-of-the-art review on algae pyrolysis for bioenergy and biochar production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126258. [PMID: 34798254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Algae, as a feedstock with minimum land footprint, is considered a promising biomass for sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials. Unlike lignocellulosic biomass, algae consist mainly of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. This review focusses on the bio-oil and biochar co-products of algae-pyrolysis and presents the current state-of-the-art in the pyrolysis technologies and key applications of algal biochar. Algal biochar holds potential to be a cost-effective fertilizer, as it has high P, N and other nutrient contents. Beyond soil applications, algae-derived biochar has many other applications, such as wastewater-treatment, due to its porous structure and strong ion-exchange capacity. High specific capacitance and stability also make algal biochar a potential supercapacitor material. Furthermore, algal biochar can be great catalysts (or catalyst supports). This review sheds light on a wide range of algae-pyrolysis related topics, including advanced-pyrolysis techniques and the potential biochar applications in soil amendment, energy storage, catalysts, chemical industries, and wastewater-treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Sun
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Omid Norouzi
- Mechanical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
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11
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Biological-Based Produced Water Treatment Using Microalgae: Challenges and Efficiency. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the most significant waste stream generated in the oil and gas industries. The generated PW has the potential to be a useful water source rather than waste. While a variety of technologies can be used for the treatment of PW for reuse, biological-based technologies are an effective and sustainable remediation method. Specifically, microalgae, which are a cost-effective and sustainable process that use nutrients to eliminate organic pollutants from PW during the bioremediation process. In these treatment processes, microalgae grow in PW free of charge, eliminate pollutants, and generate clean water that can be recycled and reused. This helps to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere while simultaneously producing biofuels, other useful chemicals, and added-value products. As such, this review focuses on PW generation in the oil and gas industry, PW characteristics, and examines the available technologies that can be used for PW remediation, with specific attention to algal-based technologies. In addition, the various aspects of algae growth and cultivation in PW, the effect of growth conditions, water quality parameters, and the corresponding treatment performance are presented. Lastly, this review emphasizes the bioremediation of PW using algae and highlights how to harvest algae that can be processed to generate biofuels for added-value products as a sustainable approach.
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12
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Pyrolysis of High-Ash Natural Microalgae from Water Blooms: Effects of Acid Pretreatment. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080542. [PMID: 34437413 PMCID: PMC8402610 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural microalgae (NA, cyanobacteria) collected from Taihu Lake (Jiangsu, China) were used for biofuel production through pyrolysis. The microalgae were de-ashed via pretreatment with deionized water and hydrochloric acid, and the samples obtained were noted as 0 M, 0.1 M, 1 M, 2 M, 4 M, 6 M, 8 M, respectively, according to the concentration of hydrochloric acid used in the pretreatment. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 500 °C for 2 h. The products were examined by various techniques to identify the influence of the ash on the pyrolysis behavior. The results showed that the ash inhibited the thermal transformation of microalgae. The 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid performed the best in removing ash and the liquid yield increased from 34.4% (NA) to 40.5% (2 M). Metal-oxides (mainly CaO, MgO, Al2O3) in ash promoted the reaction of hexadecanoic acid and NH3 to produce more hexadecanamide, which was further dehydrated to hexadecanenitrile. After acid pretreatment, significant improvement in the selectivity of hexadecanoic acid was observed, ranging from 22.4% (NA) to 58.8% (4 M). The hydrocarbon compounds in the liquid product increased from 12.90% (NA) to 26.67% (2 M). Furthermore, the acid pretreatment enhanced the content of C9–C16 compounds and the HHV values of bio-oil. For natural microalgae, the de-ashing pretreatment before pyrolysis was essential for improving the biocrude yield and quality, as well as the biomass conversion efficiency.
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Mona S, Malyan SK, Saini N, Deepak B, Pugazhendhi A, Kumar SS. Towards sustainable agriculture with carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation using algal biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129856. [PMID: 33636519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the world's population, demand for food and other products is continuously rising. This has put a lot of pressure on the agricultural sector. To fulfill these demands, the utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has also increased. Consequently, to overcome the adverse effects of agrochemicals on our environment and health, there has been a shift towards organic fertilizers or other substitutes, which are ecofriendly and help to maintain a sustainable environment. Microalgae have a very high potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing and thus, help in mitigating the greenhouse effect. It is the most productive biological system for generating biomass. The high growth rate and higher photosynthetic efficiency of the algal species compared to the terrestrial plants make them a wonderful alternative towards a sustainable environment. Moreover, they could be cultivated in photobioreactors or open ponds, which in turn reduce the demand for arable land. Biochar derived from algae is high in nutrients and exhibits the property of ion exchange. Therefore, it can be utilized for sustainable agriculture by partial substituting the chemical fertilizers that degrade the fertility of the soil in the long run. This review provides a detailed insight on the properties of algal biochar as a potential fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Application of algal biochar in bio-refinery and its economic aspects, challenges faced and future perspective are also discusses in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Mona
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Jalvigyan Bhawan, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Neha Saini
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | | | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Smita S Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology YMCA, Faridabad, India.
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Foong SY, Chan YH, Cheah WY, Kamaludin NH, Tengku Ibrahim TNB, Sonne C, Peng W, Show PL, Lam SS. Progress in waste valorization using advanced pyrolysis techniques for hydrogen and gaseous fuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124299. [PMID: 33129091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen and gaseous fuel derived from wastes have opened up promising alternative pathways for the production of renewable and sustainable fuels to substitute classical fossil energy resources that cause global warming and pollution. Existing review articles focus mostly on gasification, reforming and pyrolysis processes, with limited information on particularly gaseous fuel production via pyrolysis of various waste products. This review provides an overview on the recent advanced pyrolysis technology used in hydrogen and gaseous fuel production. The key parameters to maximize the production of specific compounds were discussed. More studies are needed to optimize the process parameters and improve the understanding of reaction mechanisms and co-relationship between these advanced techniques. These advanced techniques provide novel environmentally sustainable and commercially procedures for waste-based production of hydrogen and gaseous fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Foong
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center For Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yi Herng Chan
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MAHSA University, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haziqah Kamaludin
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MAHSA University, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center For Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center For Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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15
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Evaluation of Joint Management of Pine Wood Waste and Residual Microalgae for Agricultural Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work addresses the joint management of residual microalgae and pine wood waste through pyrolysis to obtain a solid product for its use as soil amendment and two other by-products (liquid and gaseous) that can be used for energy purposes. Two management routes have been followed. The first route is through the co-pyrolysis of mixtures of both residual materials in several proportions and the later use of their solid fraction for soil amendment. The second route is the pyrolysis of pine wood waste and its direct combination with dried residual microalgae, also using it as soil amendment. The solid fraction assessment shows that from seven solid products (biochar) three stand out for their positive applicability in agriculture as soil amendment. In addition, they also present the benefit of serving as carbon sink, giving a negative balance of CO2 emissions. However, caution is suggested due to biochar applicability being subject to soil characteristics. To ensure the sustainability of the overall process, the energy available in liquid and gaseous fractions has been assessed for covering the drying needs of the residual microalgae in both cases. These results suggest that the pyrolysis process is a sustainable way to manage specific evaluated residues and their products.
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16
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Suriapparao DV, Yerrayya A, Nagababu G, Guduru RK, Kumar TH. Recovery of renewable aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon resources from microwave pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis of agro-residues and plastics wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124277. [PMID: 33091691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study focussed on recovering the valuable carbon resources from agro-residues (wheat straw, rice husk) and waste plastics (polypropylene, polystyrene) using microwave pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the susceptor blending mechanism on the co-pyrolysis product distribution. Graphite was mixed with feedstock in a new approach to achieving homogeneity, and microwave power of 600 W was used. The average heating rate (52-67 (°C/min)), microwave energy required (2267-2936 (J/g)), heat energy utilized (1410-1444 (J/g)), and conductive heat losses (85-110 (J/g)) were analyzed. The selectivity of cyclic alkanes and alkenes (65.5%) was found to be high in polypropylene pyrolysis oil. Polystyrene pyrolysis oil predominantly contained cyclooctatetraene (61%) compound. Bio-oil obtained from wheat straw predominantly contained aromatic hydrocarbons (85%), whereas rice husk oil also contains high selectivity aromatic hydrocarbons (37.8%) along with aliphatic hydrocarbons (54.9%). The co-pyrolysis oils has high selectivity of aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PanditDeendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - Attada Yerrayya
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Garlapati Nagababu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PanditDeendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Ramesh K Guduru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PanditDeendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Tanneru Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum Energy, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
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Zhou N, Zhou J, Dai L, Guo F, Wang Y, Li H, Deng W, Lei H, Chen P, Liu Y, Ruan R. Syngas production from biomass pyrolysis in a continuous microwave assisted pyrolysis system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123756. [PMID: 32629378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In light of the knowledge gap in the scale-up of microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology, this study developed a continuous microwave-assisted pyrolysis (CMAP) system and examined its feasibility for syngas production. Wood pellets were pyrolyzed in the system under various temperatures, and the product distribution and energy efficiency were investigated. At a processing temperature of 800 °C, the CMAP system obtained a high quality producer gas (lower heating value 18.0 MJ/Nm3 and a 67 vol% syngas content) at a yield of 72.2 wt% or 0.80 Nm3/kg d.a.f. wood, outperforming several conventional pyrolysis processes probably due to two factors: 1) reactions between primary tar and biochar enhanced by microwave irradiation, and 2) the absence of carrier gas in the process. Energy efficiency of the process was also assessed. Potentially the electricity consumption could be reduced from 7.2 MJ to 3.45 MJ per kg of wood, enabling net electricity production from the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Junwen Zhou
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 68 Wenchang Road, 121 Blvd., Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Feiqiang Guo
- School of Electric Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wenyi Deng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang Dist., Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Electric Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Ma R, Wang B, Chua ET, Zhao X, Lu K, Ho SH, Shi X, Liu L, Xie Y, Lu Y, Chen J. Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Microalgae for Enhanced Co-Production of Multiple Compounds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090467. [PMID: 32948074 PMCID: PMC7551828 DOI: 10.3390/md18090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are regarded as potential feedstock because of their multiple valuable compounds, including lipids, pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins. Some of these compounds exhibit attractive bioactivities, such as carotenoids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, and peptides. However, the production cost of bioactive compounds is quite high, due to the low contents in marine microalgae. Comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for multiple compounds production instead of the sole product can be an efficient way to increase the economic feasibility of bioactive compounds production and improve the production efficiency. This paper discusses the metabolic network of marine microalgal compounds, and indicates their interaction in biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, potential applications of co-production of multiple compounds under various cultivation conditions by shifting metabolic flux are discussed, and cultivation strategies based on environmental and/or nutrient conditions are proposed to improve the co-production. Moreover, biorefinery techniques for the integral use of microalgal biomass are summarized. These techniques include the co-extraction of multiple bioactive compounds from marine microalgae by conventional methods, super/subcritical fluids, and ionic liquids, as well as direct utilization and biochemical or thermochemical conversion of microalgal residues. Overall, this review sheds light on the potential of the comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for improving bioeconomy in practical industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Elvis T. Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xurui Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kongyong Lu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
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Teng SY, Yew GY, Sukačová K, Show PL, Máša V, Chang JS. Microalgae with artificial intelligence: A digitalized perspective on genetics, systems and products. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107631. [PMID: 32931875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in novel gene-editing tools such as RNAi, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9, the possibility of altering microalgae toward designed properties for various application is becoming a reality. Alteration of microalgae genomes can modify metabolic pathways to give elevated yields in lipids, biomass, and other components. The potential of such genetically optimized microalgae can give a "domino effect" in further providing optimization leverages down the supply chain, in aspects such as cultivation, processing, system design, process integration, and revolutionary products. However, the current level of understanding the functional information of various microalgae gene sequences is still primitive and insufficient as microalgae genome sequences are long and complex. From this perspective, this work proposes to link up this knowledge gap between microalgae genetic information and optimized bioproducts using Artificial Intelligence (AI). With the recent acceleration of AI research, large and complex data from microalgae research can be properly analyzed by combining the cutting-edge of both fields. In this work, the most suitable class of AI algorithms (such as active learning, semi-supervised learning, and meta-learning) are discussed for different cases of microalgae applications. This work concisely reviews the current state of the research milestones and highlight some of the state-of-art that has been carried out, providing insightful future pathways. The utilization of AI algorithms in microalgae cultivation, system optimization, and other aspects of the supply chain is also discussed. This work opens the pathway to a digitalized future for microalgae research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yong Teng
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kateřina Sukačová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Vítězslav Máša
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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20
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Azizi K, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Arregi A, Amutio M, Lopez G, Olazar M. On the pyrolysis of different microalgae species in a conical spouted bed reactor: Bio-fuel yields and characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123561. [PMID: 32454420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study fast pyrolysis of three microalgae species in a continuous bench-scale conical spouted bed reactor at 500 °C. Bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-char yields have been determined and characterized by using GC, GC/MS, elemental analyzer and SEM. Bio-oil was the main product obtained through pyrolysis of microalgae. The non-condensable gaseous stream is made up of mainly hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, apart from other light hydrocarbons detected in lower concentration, as are methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene. The compounds identified in the bio-oil have been categorized into hydrocarbons, nitrogen containing compounds, ketones, alcohols, acids, lactones, phenols and aldehydes. The nitrogen and carbon contents of the microalgae bio-chars are higher than those for bio-chars derived from other biomasses. Pyrolysis improved the morphology and porous structure of microalgae. Finally, the mechanism involving microalgae pyrolysis has been approached and the main reaction pathways have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoom Azizi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Aitor Arregi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maider Amutio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gartzen Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.
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22
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Gautam R, Vinu R. Reaction engineering and kinetics of algae conversion to biofuels and chemicals via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art review on pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of algae to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on reaction chemistry and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribhu Gautam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - R. Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
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23
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24
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Hossain N, Mahlia TMI. Progress in physicochemical parameters of microalgae cultivation for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:835-859. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1624945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hossain
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hossain N, Mahlia TMI, Saidur R. Latest development in microalgae-biofuel production with nano-additives. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:125. [PMID: 31139255 PMCID: PMC6528301 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae have been experimented as a potential feedstock for biofuel generation in current era owing to its' rich energy content, inflated growth rate, inexpensive culture approaches, the notable capacity of CO2 fixation, and O2 addition to the environment. Currently, research is ongoing towards the advancement of microalgal-biofuel technologies. The nano-additive application has been appeared as a prominent innovation to meet this phenomenon. MAIN TEXT The main objective of this study was to delineate the synergistic impact of microalgal biofuel integrated with nano-additive applications. Numerous nano-additives such as nano-fibres, nano-particles, nano-tubes, nano-sheets, nano-droplets, and other nano-structures' applications have been reviewed in this study to facilitate microalgae growth to biofuel utilization. The present paper was intended to comprehensively review the nano-particles preparing techniques for microalgae cultivation and harvesting, biofuel extraction, and application of microalgae-biofuel nano-particles blends. Prospects of solid nano-additives and nano-fluid applications in the future on microalgae production, microalgae biomass conversion to biofuels as well as enhancement of biofuel combustion for revolutionary advancement in biofuel technology have been demonstrated elaborately by this review. This study also highlighted the potential biofuels from microalgae, numerous technologies, and conversion processes. Along with that, the study recounted suitability of potential microalgae candidates with an integrated design generating value-added co-products besides biofuel production. CONCLUSIONS Nano-additive applications at different stages from microalgae culture to end-product utilization presented strong possibility in mercantile approach as well as positive impact on the environment along with valuable co-products generation into the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hossain
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - T. M. I. Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modeling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - R. Saidur
- Research Centre for Nano Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya Malaysia
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
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Karmann S, Panke S, Zinn M. Fed-Batch Cultivations of Rhodospirillum rubrum Under Multiple Nutrient-Limited Growth Conditions on Syngas as a Novel Option to Produce Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:59. [PMID: 31001525 PMCID: PMC6454858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Syngas from gasified organic waste materials is a promising feedstock for the biotechnological synthesis of the bioplastic poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with Rhodospirillum rubrum. In a first approach, growth studies were carried out with this strain in gas-tight serum vials. When syngas (40% CO, 40% H2, 10% CO2, and 10% N2 v/v) was diluted with N2 to 60%, a 4-fold higher biomass production was detected compared to samples grown on 100% syngas, thus indicating a growth inhibitory effect. The best performing syngas-mixture was then used for C-, C,N-, and C,P-limited fed-batch fermentations in a bioreactor with continuous syngas and acetate supply. It was found that C,P-limited PHB productivity was 5 times higher than for only C-limited growth and reached a maximal PHB content of 30% w/w. Surprisingly, growth and PHB production stopped when N, as a second nutrient, became growth-limiting. Finally, it was concluded that a minimal supply of 0.2 g CO g-1 biomass h-1 has to be guaranteed in order to cover the cellular maintenance energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Karmann
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Panke
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Sion, Switzerland
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27
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Dong Q, Li H, Niu M, Luo C, Zhang J, Qi B, Li X, Zhong W. Microwave pyrolysis of moso bamboo for syngas production and bio-oil upgrading over bamboo-based biochar catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:284-290. [PMID: 29982049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microwave pyrolysis of moso bamboo over bamboo-based biochar catalyst was conducted to achieve the bio-oil upgrading and high quality syngas production. The influence of the biochar on bamboo pyrolysis involving the temperature rise, product yield, and bio-oil and gas compositions was studied. The gas production was facilitated by the biochar mainly at the cost of the bio-oil, indicating the biochar had an excellent activity for the bio-oil cracking. The main compositions in bio-oil were acetic acid and phenol with the total contents ranging from 73.145% to 82.84% over the biochar catalysts, suggesting the upgrading of the bio-oil were achieved. The biochar exerted a positive effect on the syngas (CO + H2) production with the maximum content reaching up to 65.13 vol% at the 20 wt% addition amount of biochar under microwave condition. The biochar became more effective on the bio-oil upgrading and syngas production under microwave heating than conventional heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Huaju Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Salt Chemical Industry, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Chuping Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Bo Qi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Wa Zhong
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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28
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Khanra S, Mondal M, Halder G, Tiwari O, Gayen K, Bhowmick TK. Downstream processing of microalgae for pigments, protein and carbohydrate in industrial application: A review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Maliutina K, Tahmasebi A, Yu J. Pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis of microalgae: Enhanced production of hydrogen and nitrogen-containing compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:160-169. [PMID: 29438916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was investigated. The impact of pressure on the yield and composition of pyrolysis products were studied. The results showed that the concentration of H2 in bio-gas increased sharply with increasing pyrolysis pressure, while those of CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H6 were dramatically decreased. The concentration of H2 reached 88.01 vol% in bio-gas at 900 °C and 4 MPa. Higher pressures promoted the hydrogen transfer to bio-gas. The bio-oils derived from pressurized pyrolysis were rich in nitrogen-containing compounds and PAHs. The highest concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds in bio-oil was achieved at 800 °C and 1 MPa. Increasing pyrolysis pressure promoted the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds such as indole, quinoline, isoquinoline and phenanthridine. Higher pyrolysis pressures led to increased sphericity, enhanced swelling, and higher carbon order of bio-chars. Pressurized pyrolysis of biomass has a great potential for poly-generation of H2, nitrogen containing compounds and bio-char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Maliutina
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Arash Tahmasebi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Jianglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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30
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Dong Q, Niu M, Bi D, Liu W, Gu X, Lu C. Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of moso bamboo for high syngas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:145-151. [PMID: 29438914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of moso bamboo with the activated carbon-supported iron(III) ion catalyst was carried out with the aim of obtaining high quality and quantity syngas(H2 + CO). The effect of the catalyst on moso bomboo pyrolysis involving the temperature-rising characteristics, product distribution, tar conversion and gas compositions were investigated. The results indicated that the catalyst improved the microwave-absorption capability and increased the maximum reaction temperatures. The formation of gases was promoted by the catalyst mainly at the expense of the tar, indicating the catalyst had an excellent activity for the tar conversion .The catalyst had the positive influence on the formation of syngas with the maximum content reaching up to 81.14 vol% with H2/CO being 1.04 and inhibited the production of CH4 and CO2. The loading of iron(III) ion into activated carbon exerted a significant influence on bamboo pyrolysis. The addition of the catalyst increased the thermal efficiency of the reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Dongmei Bi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Xuexin Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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31
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Qiu B, Deng N, Zhang Y, Wan H. Application of industrial solid wastes in catalytic pyrolysis. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Na Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy; MOE; Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy; MOE; Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Haijun Wan
- Cool Planet Energy Systems; 3609 Vista Mercado Camarillo CA 93012 USA
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32
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Fan L, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhou N, Chen P, Cheng Y, Addy M, Lu Q, Omar MM, Liu Y, Wang Y, Dai L, Anderson E, Peng P, Lei H, Ruan R. Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of lignin: Effects of process and upgrading parameters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:1118-1126. [PMID: 28578807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of process parameters on the yield and chemical profile of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of lignin and the processes for lignin-derived bio-oil upgrading were reviewed. Various process parameters including pyrolysis temperature, reactor types, lignin characteristics, residence time, and feeding rate were discussed and the optimal parameter conditions for improved bio-oil yield and quality were concluded. In terms of lignin-derived bio-oil upgrading, three routes including pretreatment of lignin, catalytic upgrading, and co-pyrolysis of hydrogen-rich materials have been investigated. Zeolite cracking and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) treatment are two main methods for catalytic upgrading of lignin-derived bio-oil. Factors affecting zeolite activity and the main zeolite catalytic mechanisms for lignin conversion were analyzed. Noble metal-based catalysts and metal sulfide catalysts are normally used as the HDO catalysts and the conversion mechanisms associated with a series of reactions have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Yaning Zhang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Nan Zhou
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Min Addy
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Qian Lu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Omar
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Erik Anderson
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
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33
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Ma R, Huang X, Zhou Y, Fang L, Sun S, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhao X. The effects of catalysts on the conversion of organic matter and bio-fuel production in the microwave pyrolysis of sludge at different temperatures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:616-623. [PMID: 28486194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adding catalyst could improve the yields and qualities of bio-gas and bio-oil, and realize the oriented production. Results showed that the catalytic gas-production capacities of CaO were higher than those of Fe2O3, and the bio-gas yield at 800°C reached a maximum of 35.1%. Because the polar cracking active sites of CaO reduced the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction and resulted in high catalytic cracking efficiencies. In addition, the quality of bio-oil produced by CaO was superior to that by Fe2O3, although the bio-oil yield of CaO was relatively weak. The light bio-fuel oriented catalytic pyrolysis could be realized when adding different catalysts. At 800°C, CaO was 45% higher than Fe2O3 in aspect of H2 production while Fe2O3 was 103% higher than CaO in aspect of CH4 production. Therefore, CaO was more suitable for H2 production and Fe2O3 was more suitable for CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Xuxin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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34
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Liu S, Peng P, Min M, Cheng Y, Anderson E, Zhou N, Fan L, Liu C, Chen G, Liu Y, Lei H, Li B, Ruan R. Effects of feedstock characteristics on microwave-assisted pyrolysis - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 230:143-151. [PMID: 28161187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is an important approach to obtain bio-oil from biomass. Similar to conventional electrical heating pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is significantly affected by feedstock characteristics. However, microwave heating has its unique features which strongly depend on the physical and chemical properties of biomass feedstock. In this review, the relationships among heating, bio-oil yield, and feedstock particle size, moisture content, inorganics, and organics in microwave-assisted pyrolysis are discussed and compared with those in conventional electrical heating pyrolysis. The quantitative analysis of data reported in the literature showed a strong contrast between the conventional processes and microwave based processes. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a relatively new process with limited research compared with conventional electrical heating pyrolysis. The lack of understanding of some observed results warrant more and in-depth fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min Min
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Erik Anderson
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Bingxi Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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35
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Li X, Li K, Geng C, Mashad HE, Li H, Yin W. An economic analysis of rice straw microwave pyrolysis for hydrogen-rich fuel gas. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice straw is an abundant biomass resource, and it can produce hydrogen-rich fuel gas through microwave pyrolysis, so it has many potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Li
- College of Engineering
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- 210031 China
| | - Kunquan Li
- College of Engineering
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- 210031 China
| | - Chunlei Geng
- College of Engineering
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- 210031 China
| | - Hamed El Mashad
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Hua Li
- College of Engineering
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- 210031 China
| | - Wenqing Yin
- College of Engineering
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- 210031 China
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36
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Revelles O, Beneroso D, Menéndez JA, Arenillas A, García JL, Prieto MA. Syngas obtained by microwave pyrolysis of household wastes as feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:1412-1417. [PMID: 27677746 PMCID: PMC5658609 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive production of urban and agricultural wastes has promoted a clear need for alternative processes of disposal and waste management. The potential use of municipal solid wastes (MSW) as feedstock for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by a process known as syngas fermentation is considered herein as an attractive bio-economic strategy to reduce these wastes. In this work, we have evaluated the potential of Rhodospirillum rubrum as microbial cell factory for the synthesis of PHA from syngas produced by microwave pyrolysis of the MSW organic fraction from a European city (Seville). Growth rate, uptake rate, biomass yield and PHA production from syngas in R. rubrum have been analysed. The results revealed the strong robustness of this syngas fermentation where the purity of the syngas is not a critical constraint for PHA production. Microwave-induced pyrolysis is a tangible alternative to standard pyrolysis, because it can reduce cost in terms of energy and time as well as increase syngas production, providing a satisfactory PHA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Revelles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Beneroso
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Angel Menéndez
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Arenillas
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Luis García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Auxiliadora Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Zhang R, Li L, Tong D, Hu C. Microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of natural algae from water blooms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:311-317. [PMID: 27128164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-enhanced pyrolysis (MEP) of natural algae under different reaction conditions was carried out. The optimal conditions for bio-oil production were the following: algae particle size of 20-5 mesh, microwave power of 600W, and 10% of activated carbon as microwave absorber and catalyst. The maximum liquid yield obtained under N2, 10% H2/Ar, and CO2 atmosphere was 49.1%, 51.7%, and 54.3% respectively. The energy yield of bio-products was 216.7%, 236.9% and 208.7% respectively. More long chain fatty acids were converted into hydrocarbons by hydrodeoxygenation under 10% H2/Ar atmosphere assisted by microwave over activated carbon containing small amounts of metals. Under CO2 atmosphere, carboxylic acids (66.6%) were the main products in bio-oil because the existence of CO2 vastly inhibited the decarboxylation. The MEP of algae was quick and efficient for bio-oil production, which provided a way to not only ameliorate the environment but also obtain fuel or chemicals at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Linling Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Dongmei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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38
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Tan CH, Chen CY, Show PL, Ling TC, Lam HL, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Strategies for enhancing lipid production from indigenous microalgae isolates. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Tan CH, Show PL, Chang JS, Ling TC, Lan JCW. Novel approaches of producing bioenergies from microalgae: A recent review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Zhang S, Dong Q, Zhang L, Xiong Y. High quality syngas production from microwave pyrolysis of rice husk with char-supported metallic catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:17-23. [PMID: 25974618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the maximum possible gas yield and the high quality syngas production from microwave pyrolysis of rice husk with rice husk char and rice husk char-supported metallic (Ni, Fe and Cu) catalysts. The rice husk char-supported metallic catalysts had developed pore structure and catalytic activity for gas productions and tar conversion. The temperature-rising characteristic, product yields, properties of gas products and tar conversion mechanisms were investigated. It was found that three rice husk char-supported metallic catalysts improved the microwave absorption capability and increased heating rate and final temperature. Rice husk char-supported Ni catalyst presented most effective effects on gas production, e.g. the gas yield is 53.9%, and the volume concentration of desired syngas is 69.96%. Rice husk char-supported Ni and Fe catalysts played pivotal roles in tar conversion that less heavy compounds can be detected along with the reduction of organic compound number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanquan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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41
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Hua D, Li C, Harold MP, Wang J, Yang M. Thermochemical conversion of low-lipid microalgae for the production of liquid fuels: challenges and opportunities. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This critical review provides an investigation elaborated by recent references on conversion of low-lipid microalgae into bio-oil via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction, and the catalytic upgrading of algal-derived bio-oil was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels
| | - Derun Hua
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Michael P. Harold
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Mingde Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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42
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Dong Q, Xiong Y. Kinetics study on conventional and microwave pyrolysis of moso bamboo. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:127-131. [PMID: 25194260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on the pyrolysis kinetics of moso bamboo has been conducted in a conventional thermogravimetric analyzer and a microwave thermogravimetric analyzer respectively. The effect of heating rate on the pyrolysis process was also discussed. The results showed that both the maximum and average reaction rates increased with the heating rate increasing. The values of activation energy increased from 58.30 to 84.22 kJ/mol with the heating rate decreasing from 135 to 60 °C/min during conventional pyrolysis. The value of activation energy was 24.5 kJ/mol for microwave pyrolysis, much lower than that for conventional pyrolysis at a similar heating rate of 160 °C/min. The pyrolysis of moso bamboo exhibited a kinetic compensation effect. The low activation energy obtained under microwave irradiation suggests that microwaves heating would be a promising method for biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanquan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Syngas production from pyrolysis of nine composts obtained from nonhybrid and hybrid perennial grasses. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:723092. [PMID: 25101320 PMCID: PMC4102093 DOI: 10.1155/2014/723092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A pyrolysis of compost for the production of syngas with an explicit H2/CO = 2 or H2/CO = 3 was investigated in this study. The composts were obtained from nonhybrid (perennial) grasses (NHG) and hybrid (perennial) grasses (HG). Discrepancies in H2 evolution profiles were found between NHG and HG composts. In addition, positive correlations for NHG composts were obtained between (i) H2 yield and lignin content, (ii) H2 yield and potassium content, and (iii) CO yield and cellulose content. All composts resulted in H2/CO = 2 and five of the nine composts resulted in H2/CO = 3. Exceptionally large higher heating values (HHVs) of pyrolysis gas, very close to HHVs of feedstock, were obtained for composts made from mountain brome (MB, 16.23 MJ/kg), hybrid Becva (FB, 16.45 MJ/kg), and tall fescue (TF, 17.43 MJ/kg). The MB and FB composts resulted in the highest syngas formation with H2/CO = 2, whereas TF compost resulted in the highest syngas formation with H2/CO = 3.
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Zhao B, Zhang X, Chen L, Sun L, Si H, Chen G. High quality fuel gas from biomass pyrolysis with calcium oxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:78-83. [PMID: 24486940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The removal of CO2 and tar in fuel gas produced by biomass thermal conversion has aroused more attention due to their adverse effects on the subsequent fuel gas application. High quality fuel gas production from sawdust pyrolysis with CaO was studied in this paper. The results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments indicate that the mass ratio of CaO to sawdust (Ca/S) remarkably affects the behavior of sawdust pyrolysis. On the basis of Py-GC/MS results, one system of a moving bed pyrolyzer coupled with a fluid bed combustor has been developed to produce high quality fuel gas. The lower heating value (LHV) of the fuel gas was above 16MJ/Nm(3) and the content of tar was under 50mg/Nm(3), which is suitable for gas turbine application to generate electricity and heat. Therefore, this technology may be a promising route to achieve high quality fuel gas for biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Laizhi Sun
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongyu Si
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Ferrera-Lorenzo N, Fuente E, Bermúdez JM, Suárez-Ruiz I, Ruiz B. Conventional and microwave pyrolysis of a macroalgae waste from the Agar-Agar industry. Prospects for bio-fuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:199-206. [PMID: 24240147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of the pyrolysis of a macroalgae industrial solid waste (algae meal) in an electrical conventional furnace and in a microwave furnace has been carried out. It was found that the chars obtained from both pyrolyses are similar and show good properties for performing as a solid bio-fuel and as a precursor of activated carbon. Bio-oils from conventional pyrolysis have a greater number of phenolic, pyrrole and alkane compounds whereas benzene and pyridine compounds are more predominant in microwave pyrolysis with a major presence of light compounds. The bio-gas fraction from microwave pyrolysis presents a much higher syngas content (H2+CO), and a lower CO2 and CH4 proportion than that obtained by conventional pyrolysis. Yields are similar for both treatments with a slightly higher gas yield in the case of microwave pyrolysis due to the fact that microwave heating favors heterogeneous reactions between the gases and the char.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ferrera-Lorenzo
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), P.O. Box 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain
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Bermúdez JM, Francavilla M, Calvo EG, Arenillas A, Franchi M, Menéndez JA, Luque R. Microwave-induced low temperature pyrolysis of macroalgae for unprecedented hydrogen-enriched syngas production. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient methodology based on low temperature microwave-induced pyrolysis has been developed for syngas production from macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Francavilla
- STAR-Agroenergy Group
- University of Foggia
- Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Marine Science
- National Research Council
| | | | | | - Massimo Franchi
- Institute of Marine Science
- National Research Council
- 71010 Lesina, Italy
| | | | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Córdoba
- Campus de Rabanales
- Córdoba, Spain
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