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Substrate Characteristics Fluctuations in Full-Scale Anaerobic Digesters Treating Food Waste at Marginal Organic Loading Rates: A Case Study. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of a full-scale bioprocess is typically based on parameters derived from smaller-scale experiments from a previous study. However, disagreements often occur at up-scaling of waste-to-energy processes due to the fluctuations of the substrate characteristics, etc. Therefore, once a commercial-scale waste digester has been built and operated, it is essential to test if the performance of the process agrees with its design value; during this process, fluctuations might occur in digesters operated at marginal organic loading rates. In this study, triplicate full-scale anaerobic digesters treating food waste were monitored for five months. The digesters, operated at the design feeding ratio, showed increasing volatile fatty acid (VFA) trends (per total alkalinity) due to a 30% higher chemical oxygen demand of the influent, than the design. The organic loading rate was adjusted on a daily basis until a stable performance was observed. Significant shifts of methanogen populations from Methanobacteriales to Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales were observed during the stable operation period.
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Jeon D, Chung K, Shin J, Min Park C, Gu Shin S, Mo Kim Y. Reducing food waste in residential complexes using a pilot-scale on-site system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123497. [PMID: 32408195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale on-site system combining biological treatment and a drying stage was applied to achieve mass reduction of food waste (FW) at an urban residential complex. The effectiveness of biodegrading the organic portion of FW via microorganisms existing in FW improved by 38.80% by controlling rates of FW loading and air-flow. In one stage of the on-site biological treatment, the major bacterial community was identified to be mesophilic and facultative; Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus, accounting for 78.1% of bacterial community. Total mass reduction of FW approached 90.15% by increasing removal of both moisture and the organic portion of FW. In addition, the solids and liquids of the final by-products have the potential to be recycled into resources such as fertilizer, a bio-solid refuse fuel or external carbon sources for wastewater treatment plants. The proposed decentralized system offers practical and environmental approaches for FW management in residential complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jeon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmi Chung
- GS E&C Research Institute, Building & Environment Research Team, 388,Baeok-daero Idong-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Continuous process of aerobic biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse: focus on betaine removal. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH control of beet molasses vinasse on the efficiency of its continuous aerobic biodegradation with a mixed culture of Bacillus bacteria. Two experimental series were conducted in a 2-L stirred-tank reactor, at an aeration rate of 1 vvm, stirrer speed of 900 rpm, and temperature of 36 °C. The first series was run without medium pH control, whereas the other with pH maintained at 8.0. In both series, HRTs were 26, 47, and 78 h, whereas vinasse pH was raised to 8.0. The extent of its treatment via aerobic biodegradation depended on betaine assimilation phenomenon. High removal of pollutants (over 84%) expressed by the SCODsum index (SCODsum = soluble COD determined with the dichromatic method + theoretical COD of betaine) was achieved at HRTs of 47 and 78 h, whereas medium pH control had no explicit effect on biodegradation efficiency.
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Pfeiffer W, Nguyen VT, Neumann J, Awe D, Tränckner J. Operation and Control of a Full‐Scale Biogas Plant Treating Wastewater from the Cleaning of Car Tanks. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Pfeiffer
- University of WismarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering/Process and Environmental Engineering Philipp-Müller-Strasse 14 23966 Wismar Germany
| | - Van Than Nguyen
- University of WismarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering/Process and Environmental Engineering Philipp-Müller-Strasse 14 23966 Wismar Germany
- University of RostockFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jan Neumann
- TS-Clean Tank- und Siloreinigung Neumann GmbH Ahorn 9 19288 Fahrbinde Germany
| | - Dirk Awe
- Rotaria Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH Kirchweg 21 18230 Rerik Germany
| | - Jens Tränckner
- University of RostockFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6 18059 Rostock Germany
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Nguyen VT, Beyer E, Neumann J, Awe D, Pfeiffer W, Tränckner J. Anaerobic treatment of residuals from tanks transporting food and fodder. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32698-32707. [PMID: 30547341 PMCID: PMC6892768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the cleaning of tank cars transporting food and fodder was investigated in both bench and pilot scales with a single-stage, mesophilic (39 °C), completely mixed process. The promising results lead to the planning and building of a 1200-m3 full-scale biogas plant at TS-Clean cleaning station in Fahrbinde, Germany. Due to softened water used in the cleaning of the car tanks, the alkalinity in the digester decreased as predicted by the physicochemical model developed for this treatment process. The model showed that 2.4 kg NaHCO3/m3 of wastewater has to be added in order to control digester pH at 7.2 and to maintain the digester alkalinity at 3.1 g CaCO3/L. In a laboratory study, the decrease of alkalinity caused a volatile organic acids accumulation and pH drop below the optimal range. In this case, if chemical buffering was not added into the digester, the digester deteriorated. In a 3-year investigation, we confirmed that the strongly polluted WW from the cleaning of tank cars transporting food and fodder is suitable for an anaerobic treatment if the organic loading rate is controlled below 4 kg COD/m3/day, digester alkalinity is adjusted by NaHCO3, and micronutrients are added despite constant considerable variations in strength and composition of the wastewater. A biogas yield of 35-45 m3 CH4/m3 of wastewater and a COD elimination of 80-90% were achieved in bench- and pilot-scale experiments and are achieved in the full-scale biogas plant. The full-scale biogas plant is working stable with a biogas yield of 68 m3 biogas/m3 of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Than Nguyen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Mechanical/Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Wismar, Philipp-Müller-Straße 14, 23966, Wismar, Germany.
| | - Erik Beyer
- Department of Mechanical/Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Wismar, Philipp-Müller-Straße 14, 23966, Wismar, Germany
| | - Jan Neumann
- TS-Clean Tank- und Siloreinigung Neumann GmbH, Ahorn Straße 9, 19288, Fahrbinde, Germany
| | - Dirk Awe
- Rotaria Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH, Kirchweg 21, 18230, Rerik, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfeiffer
- Department of Mechanical/Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Wismar, Philipp-Müller-Straße 14, 23966, Wismar, Germany
| | - Jens Tränckner
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Ryznar-Luty A, Cibis E, Lutosławski K. Biodegradation of main carbon sources in vinasse stillage by a mixed culture of bacteria: influence of temperature and pH of the medium. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:764-775. [PMID: 30252654 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine how temperature and the pH influence the progress and efficiency of an aerobic biodegradation process, where major organic pollutants are removed from beet molasses vinasse by a mixed culture of Bacillus bacteria. It was conducted in an aerated bioreactor with a stirring system in four experimental series, each composed of five processes run at temperatures of 27, 36, 45, 54 and 63 °C. In the first and second series, medium pH was not controlled, the initial pH amounted to 6.5 and 8.0, respectively. In the third and fourth series, medium pH was controlled at 6.5 and 8.0, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the pollution load of the vinasse stillage expressed as soluble chemical oxygen demand was removed with an 88.73% efficiency. The bacterial culture assimilated all organic pollutants simultaneously, but the rate of assimilation was different. An exception was the process of betaine assimilation, which intensified only when readily available carbon sources were depleted in the medium. Synthesis and assimilation of organic acids were observed in all experiments. Advantages of the proposed method include: possibility of its use at high temperatures, and no necessity for medium pH adjustment during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ryznar-Luty
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wrocław University of Economics,Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland E-mail:
| | - Edmund Cibis
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wrocław University of Economics,Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland E-mail:
| | - Krzysztof Lutosławski
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wrocław University of Economics,Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland E-mail:
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Bakare B, Shabangu K, Chetty M. Brewery wastewater treatment using laboratory scale aerobic sequencing batch reactor. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Duncan J, Bokhary A, Fatehi P, Kong F, Lin H, Liao B. Thermophilic membrane bioreactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1180-1193. [PMID: 28736143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study undertakes a state-of-the-art review on thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs). Thermophilic aerobic membrane bioreactors (ThAeMBR) and thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactors (ThAnMBR) have been widely tested for various high-temperature industrial wastewater treatments at lab- and pilot-scale studies and full-scale applications. The biological and membrane performances of the ThAeMBRs and ThAnMBRs could be better, comparable or poorer, as compared to the mesophilic ones. In general, sludge yield was much lower, biodegradation kinetic was higher, and microbial community was less diversity in the ThAeMBR and ThAnMBR systems. The results from the literature show that ThMBR technology has demonstrated many advantages and is a promising technology for industrial wastewater treatment and sludge digestion. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities of various ThMBRs for industrial applications are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Duncan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Fangong Kong
- College of Paper-making and Plant Resources Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; College of Paper-making and Plant Resources Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Han Z, Chen F, Zhong C, Zhou J, Wu X, Yong X, Zhou H, Jiang M, Jia H, Wei P. Effects of different carriers on biogas production and microbial community structure during anaerobic digestion of cassava ethanol wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2253-2262. [PMID: 27804789 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1255666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anaerobic bioreactor (AB) with no added fillers (ABWF), a packed-bed bioreactor with a porous ceramic filler (ABCF), and another packed-bed bioreactor filled with graphite felt (ABGF) were established for anaerobic digestion of cassava ethanol wastewater. The results showed that ABCF exhibited excellent wastewater treatment performance in a stable process that was superior to ABWF and ABGF, with the following characteristics: a high chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 98.06% and maximum biogas production of 3200 mL/d at a total reactor volume of 3.46 L. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis revealed that differences existed among the microbial communities of the three ABs that were in accordance with the operational characteristics. The ABCF system displayed maximum bacterial diversity, whereas the ABWF system exhibited moderate richness and the ABGF system possessed the lowest species richness. The ABCF system was more stable than the ABWF and ABGF systems during anaerobic digestion of cassava ethanol wastewater. Different functional microbial communities that are responsible for the degradation of certain compounds were also identified in the ABCF and ABGF systems. Our results demonstrate that ceramic materials should be considered an appropriate support for the immobilization of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Han
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Feier Chen
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhong
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayuan Wu
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yong
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Jia
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Bioenergy Research Institute , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wei
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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Proteases from Thermophiles and Their Industrial Importance. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Cascade degradation of organic matters in brewery wastewater using a continuous stirred microbial electrochemical reactor and analysis of microbial communities. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27023. [PMID: 27270788 PMCID: PMC4895234 DOI: 10.1038/srep27023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous stirred microbial electrochemical reactor (CSMER), comprising of a complete mixing zone (CMZ) and microbial electrochemical zone (MEZ), was used for brewery wastewater treatment. The system realized 75.4 ± 5.7% of TCOD and 64.9 ± 4.9% of TSS when fed with brewery wastewater concomitantly achieving an average maximum power density of 304 ± 31 m W m−2. Cascade utilization of organic matters made the CSMER remove a wider range of substrates compared with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), in which process 79.1 ± 5.6% of soluble protein and 86.6 ± 2.2% of soluble carbohydrates were degraded by anaerobic digestion in the CMZ and short-chain volatile fatty acids were further decomposed and generated current in the MEZ. Co-existence of fermentative bacteria (Clostridium and Bacteroides, 19.7% and 5.0%), acetogenic bacteria (Syntrophobacter, 20.8%), methanogenic archaea (Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium, 40.3% and 38.4%) and exoelectrogens (Geobacter, 12.4%) as well as a clear spatial distribution and syntrophic interaction among them contributed to the cascade degradation process in CSMER. The CSMER shows great promise for practical wastewater treatment application due to high pre-hydrolysis and acidification rate, high energy recovery and low capital cost.
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Effects of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration on lipid production by bacterial consortium of sewage sludge using food wastewater as a carbon source. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Carballa M, Regueiro L, Lema JM. Microbial management of anaerobic digestion: exploiting the microbiome-functionality nexus. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Jang HM, Kim JH, Ha JH, Park JM. Bacterial and methanogenic archaeal communities during the single-stage anaerobic digestion of high-strength food wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 165:174-182. [PMID: 24613673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) was operated to treat high-strength food wastewater (FWW) derived from food waste recycling facilities at two different organic loading rates (OLRs) of 3.5 (Phase I) and 7 (Phase II) kgCOD/m(3)d. Changes in composition of microbial communities were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and barcoded-pyrosequencing. At the high FWW loading rate, AD showed efficient performance (i.e., organic matter removal and methane production). Bacterial communities were represented by the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Synergistetes and Actinobacteria. During the entire digestion process, the relative abundance phylum Chloroflexi decreased significantly. The qPCR analysis demonstrated that the methanogenic communities shifted from aceticlastic (Methanosarcinales) to hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacteriales and Methanomicrobiales) with high increase in the proportion of syntrophic bacterial communities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed a strong relationship between reactor performance and microbial community shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Jang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyub Ha
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jong Moon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea; Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.
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