1
|
Zhou J, Wang M, Grimi N, Dar BN, Calvo-Lerma J, Barba FJ. Research progress in microalgae nutrients: emerging extraction and purification technologies, digestive behavior, and potential effects on human gut. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:11375-11395. [PMID: 37489924 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2237586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae contain a diverse range of high-value compounds that can be utilized directly or fractionated to obtain components with even greater value-added potential. With the use of microalgae for food and medical purposes, there is a growing interest in their digestive properties and impact on human gut health. The extraction, separation, and purification of these components are key processes in the industrial application of microalgae. Innovative technologies used to extract and purify microalgal high-added-value compounds are key for their efficient utilization and evaluation. This review's comprehensive literature review was performed to highlight the main high-added-value microalgal components. The technologies for obtaining bioactive compounds from microalgae are being developed rapidly, various innovative, efficient, green separation and purification technologies are emerging, thus helping in the scaling-up and subsequent commercialization of microalgae products. Finally, the digestive behavior of microalgae nutrients and their health effects on the human gut microbiota were discussed. Microalgal nutrients exhibit favorable digestive properties and certain components have been shown to benefit gut microbes. The reality that must be faced is that multiple processes are still required for microalgae raw materials to final usable products, involving energy, time consumption and loss of ingredients, which still face challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhou
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Min Wang
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Nabil Grimi
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Basharat N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
| | - Joaquim Calvo-Lerma
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería para el Desarrollo (IU-IAD), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao L, Shen Y, Xie C, Zhang Y, Yao C. Ultrasonication followed by aqueous two-phase system for extraction, on-site modification and isolation of microalgal starch with reduced digestibility. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 106:106891. [PMID: 38701549 PMCID: PMC11078702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are new and sustainable sources of starch with higher productivity and flexible production modes than conventional terrestrial crops, but the downstream processes need further development. Here, ultrasonication (with power of 200 W or 300 W and duration of 10, 15, 20, or 25 min) was applied to simultaneously extract and modify starch from a marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis for reducing the digestibility, and an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of ethanol/NaH2PO4 was then used to isolate the starches with varied properties. Increasing ultrasonic duration facilitated the partition of starch into the bottom pellet, while enhancing the ultrasonic power was conducive to the allocation in the interphase of the ATPS. The overall starch recovery yield reached 73 ∼ 87 % and showed no significant difference among the ultrasonic conditions tested. The sequential ultrasonication-ATPS process successfully enriched the starch with purities up to 65 % ∼ 88 %, which was among the top levels reported in microalgal starch isolated. Ultrasonication produced more amylose which was mainly fractionated into the interface of the ATPS. The digestibility of the starch was altered under different ultrasonic conditions and varied from different ATPS phases as well, with the one under the ultrasonic power of 200 W for 15 min at the bottom pellet having the highest resistant starch content (RS, 39.7 %). The structural and compositional analysis evidenced that the ultrasonication-ATPS process could exert impacts on the digestibility through altering the surface roughness and fissures of the starch granules, modulating the impurity compositions (protein and lipid) that could interact with starch, and modifying the long- and short-range ordered structures. The developed ultrasonication-ATPS process provided novel insights into the mechanism and strategy for efficient production of functional starch from microalgae with a potential in industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longren Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yuhan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Chenglin Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delran P, Frances C, Peydecastaing J, Pontalier PY, Guihéneuf F, Barthe L. Cell destruction level and metabolites green-extraction of Tetraselmis suecica by low and intermediate frequency ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106492. [PMID: 37356214 PMCID: PMC10320277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Low (20 kHz) and intermediate (100 kHz) frequency ultrasound (US) were studied for their efficiency on cell destruction and metabolites extraction of the microalga T. suecica. This study revealed different levels of cell destruction. Firstly, the prolonged irradiation of US at low frequency allowed the extraction of 90% of total proteins and 70% of carbohydrates by rapidly inducing at high power (100 W or 200 W) a coiling up phenomenon of the cell walls on themselves. A low power (50 W) over short times allows extracting proteins by the perforation of the cells without destroying them, opening the perspective of milking. Furthermore, the use of 100 kHz frequency, showed lower yields of metabolites as well as a low level of cell destruction, resulting in a simple deflation of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Delran
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; SAS inalve, Nice / Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Frances
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Peydecastaing
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Pontalier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Laurie Barthe
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng J, Fu S, Luan J. Selection of Mechanical Fragmentation Methods Based on Enzyme-Free Preparation of Decellularized Adipose-Derived Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:758. [PMID: 37508785 PMCID: PMC10376183 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for inducing adipose tissue regeneration. Various methods have been employed to produce DAM, among which the enzyme-free method is a relatively recent preparation technique. The mechanical fragmentation step plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy of the enzyme-free preparation. METHODS The adipose tissue underwent fragmentation through the application of ultrasonication, homogenization, and freeze ball milling. This study compared the central temperature of the mixture immediately following crushing, the quantity of oil obtained after centrifugation, and the thickness of the middle layer. Fluorescence staining was utilized to compare the residual cell activity of the broken fat in the middle layer, while electron microscopy was employed to assess the integrity and properties of the adipocytes among the three methods. The primary products obtained through the three methods were subsequently subjected to processing using the enzyme-free method DAM. The assessment of degreasing and denucleation of DAM was conducted through HE staining, oil red staining, and determination of DNA residues. Subsequently, the ultrasonication-DAM (U-DAM) and homogenation-DAM (H-DAM) were implanted bilaterally on the back of immunocompromised mice, and a comparative analysis of their adipogenic and angiogenic effects in vivo was performed. RESULTS Oil discharge following ultrasonication and homogenization was significantly higher compared to that observed after freeze ball milling (p < 0.001), despite the latter exhibiting the lowest center temperature (p < 0.001). The middle layer was found to be thinnest after ultrasonication (p < 0.001), and most of the remaining cells were observed to be dead following fragmentation. Except for DAM obtained through freeze ball milling, DAM obtained through ultrasonication and homogenization could be completely denucleated and degreased. In the in vivo experiment, the first adipocytes were observed in U-DAM as early as 1 week after implantation, but not in H-DAM. After 8 weeks, a significant number of adipocytes were regenerated in both groups, but the U-DAM group demonstrated a more efficient adipose regeneration than in H-DAM (p = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonication and homogenization are effective mechanical fragmentation methods for breaking down adipocytes at the initial stage, enabling the production of DAM through an enzyme-free method that facilitates successful regeneration of adipose tissues in vivo. Furthermore, the enzyme-free method, which is based on the ultrasonication pre-fragmentation approach, exhibits superior performance in terms of denucleation, degreasing, and the removal of non-adipocyte matrix components, thereby resulting in the highest in vivo adipogenic induction efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Feng
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Su Fu
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Jie Luan
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fiayaz A, Dahman Y. Greener approach to the comprehensive utilization of algal biomass and oil using novel Clostridial fusants and bio-based solvents. ENGINEERING MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 3:100068. [PMID: 39629253 PMCID: PMC11610946 DOI: 10.1016/j.engmic.2022.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
A greener method has been tested to utilize algal biomass as a feedstock to produce bio-oil in addition to acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) products. Various hydrolysis treatments were used prior to fermentation including combination of thermal, chemical, and enzymatic, which resulted in maximum sugar release of 27.78 g/L. Bio-based terpenes was used instead of common toxic chemicals together with Clostridial fustants to produce bio-alcoholic fuels. Protoplast fusion technique were used to produce the novel Clostridia fusants (C. beijernickii + C. thermocellum and C. acetobutylicum + C. thermocellocum). Fused strains were then subjected to UV radiation for strain enhancement. Final fusansts showed clear improvement in thermal stability and resistance to biobutanol toxicity. Fermentation experiments showed maximum biobutanol final production of 7.98 g/L using CbCt versus 7.39 g/L using CaCt. Oil extraction from virgin algae was tested using a green, bio-based approach using terpenes with ultrasonication and green Bligh and Dyer method, separately. In preliminary study on algal biomass, the combinations of ultrasonication followed by the green Bligh and Dyer have resulted in oil yield of 46.27% (d-limonene) and 39.85% (p-cymene). Oil extraction from an algae sample following fermentation using the combined extraction method resulted in significantly higher oil yield of 65.04%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Fiayaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Yaser Dahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang S, Fan Y, Cao Y, Wang Y, Mou H, Sun H. Technological readiness of commercial microalgae species for foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7993-8017. [PMID: 36999969 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2194423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have great potential as a future source to meet the increasing global demand for foods. Several microalgae are permitted as safety sources in different countries and regions, and processed as commercial products. However, edible safety, economic feasibility, and acceptable taste are the main challenges for microalgal application in the food industry. Overcome such challenges by developing technology accelerates transition of microalgae into sustainable and nutritious diets. In this review, edible safety of Spirulina, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella, Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliella salina, Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis is introduced, and health benefits of microalgae-derived carotenoids, amino acids, and fatty acids are discussed. Technologies of adaptive laboratory evolution, kinetic model, bioreactor design and genetic engineering are proposed to improve the organoleptic traits and economic feasibility of microalgae. Then, current technologies of decoloration and de-fishy are summarized to provide options for processing. Novel technologies of extrusion cooking, delivery systems, and 3D bioprinting are suggested to improve food quality. The production costs, biomass values, and markets of microalgal products are analyzed to reveal the economic feasibility of microalgal production. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are proposed. Social acceptance is the major limitation of microalgae-derived foods, and further efforts are required toward the improvement of processing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuwei Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Nanomaterials and Technology, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mittal R, Ranade VV. Intensifying extraction of biomolecules from macroalgae using vortex based hydrodynamic cavitation device. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106347. [PMID: 36870099 PMCID: PMC9996097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae have a tremendous potential to become an important renewable resource for valuable biomolecules and chemicals. New and improved ways of cell disruption and of enhancing rate as well as yield of extraction of valuable products from macroalgae are needed to fully realise this potential. In this work, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was used for intensifying rate and yield of extraction of phycoerythrin, proteins and carbohydrates from marine macroalgae Palmaria palmata. We use vortex-based HC devices which do not use small restrictions like orifice-based HC devices or moving parts like rotor-stator based HC devices. A bench scale setup with a nominal slurry flow rate of 20 LPM was established. Dried and powdered macroalgae was used. Influence of key operating parameters like pressure drop and number of passes on extraction performance (the rate and yield) was measured. A simple, yet effective model was developed and used for interpreting and describing experimental data. The results indicate that there exists an optimum pressure drop across the device at which extraction performance is maximum. The extraction performance with HC was found to be significantly better than the stirred vessels. HC has resulted in 2 to 20 times improvement in the rate of extraction of phycoerythrin (R-PE), proteins and carbohydrates. Based on the results obtained in this work, pressure drop of 200 kPa and number of passes through the HC devices of about 100 were found to be most effective for HC-assisted intensified extraction from macroalgae. The presented results and model will be useful for harnessing vortex-based HC devices for intensifying the extraction of valuable products from macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochak Mittal
- Multiphase Flows, Reactors and Intensification Group, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Multiphase Flows, Reactors and Intensification Group, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raj T, Morya R, Chandrasekhar K, Kumar D, Soam S, Kumar R, Patel AK, Kim SH. Microalgae biomass deconstruction using green solvents: Challenges and future opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128429. [PMID: 36473586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae enablefixation of CO2into carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through inter and intracellularly biochemical pathways. These cellular components can be extracted and transformed into renewable energy, chemicals, and materials through biochemical and thermochemical transformation processes.However, recalcitrant cell wall andlack of environmentally benign efficient pretreatment processes are key obstacles in the commercialization of microalgal biorefineries.Thus,current article describes the microalgal chemical structure, type, and structural rigidity and summarizes the traditional pretreatment methods to extract cell wall constituents. Green solvents such as ionic liquid (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) have shown interesting solvent characteristics to pretreat biomass with selective biocomponent extraction from microalgae. Further research is needed in task-specific IL/DES design, cation-anion organization, structural activity understanding of ILs-biocomponents, environmental toxicity, biodegradability, and recyclability for deployment of carbon-neutral technologies. Additionally, coupling the microalgal industry with biorefineries may facilitate waste management, sustainability, and gross revenue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tirath Raj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Morya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, 522213 Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Shveta Soam
- Department of Building Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 7713 Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 81157 Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Agarwalla A, Komandur J, Mohanty K. Current trends in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass for efficient and enhanced bioenergy production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128330. [PMID: 36403907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels from microalgal biomass is among some of the promising sustainable energy technologies that can significantly replace the dependence on fossil fuels worldwide due to potentiality to lower CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, the extraction of biomolecules for biofuel generation is inhibited by the rigidity of the cellular structure of microalgal biomass. Various pretreatment strategies have been evaluated for their efficacy in microalgal cell wall disruption to enhance microalgal bioenergy production. However, the efficiency of the pretreatment methods depend on the particular species being treated due to the inherent variability of the composition of the cell wall. This paper reviews pretreatment strategies (mainly novel physical, chemical and physicochemical) employed in bioenergy generation from microalgal biomass, address existing constraints and provides prospects for economic and industrial-scale production. The authors have also discussed the different pretreatment methods used for biodiesel, bioethanol, and biohydrogen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agarwalla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Janaki Komandur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Spirulina spp. by Ultrasound Application and Mechanical Stirring Using the Taguchi Method of Experimental Design. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206794. [PMID: 36296385 PMCID: PMC9608605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study uses the Taguchi method of experimental design to optimize lipid extraction from Spirulina spp. by ultrasound application and mechanical stirring. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to optimize various parameters, such as methanol: chloroform (M:C) ratio, biomass: solvent ratio, and extraction time for lipid extraction. The results were analyzed using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The biomass: solvent ratio significantly influenced lipid content (p < 0.05) with 92.1% and 92.3% contributions to the lipid and S/N ratio data, respectively. The extraction time presented a contribution value of 5.0%, while the M:C ratio presented the most negligible contribution of 0.4% for S/N data. The optimum extraction conditions were: M:C ratio of 1:1, biomass: solvent ratio of 1:60, and extraction time of 30 min. The predominant fatty acids were palmitic acid (44.5%), linoleic acid (14.9%), and gamma-linolenic acid (13.4%). The confirmation experiments indicated a lipid content of 8.7%, within a 95% confidence interval, proving the Taguchi method’s effectiveness in optimizing the process parameters for lipid extraction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sam KJ, Nair MS, Velmurugan S, Rajarathinam R, Arumugam L. Extraction of lutein/zeaxanthin from Arthrospira Platensis and optimisation of the saponification process using the response surface methodology. Chem Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Joseph Sam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, India
| | - Maya Suresh Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, India
| | | | - Ravikumar Rajarathinam
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproduct Development, Department of Biotechnology, Vel, Tech. Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Liu X, Cui Y, Yuan W. Ultrasound for microalgal cell disruption and product extraction: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 87:106054. [PMID: 35688121 PMCID: PMC9175141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising feedstock for the production of biofuels, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, due to their superior capability of converting solar energy and CO2 into lipids, proteins, and other valuable bioactive compounds. To facilitate the release of these important biomolecules from microalgae, effective cell disruption is usually necessary, where the use of ultrasound has gained tremendous interests as an alternative to traditional methods. This review not only summarizes the mechanisms of and operation parameters affecting cell disruption, but also takes an insight into measuring techniques, synergistic integration with other disruption methods, and challenges of ultrasonication for microalgal biorefining. Optimal conditions including ultrasonic frequency, intensity, and duration, and liquid viscosity and sonochemical reactor are the key factors for maximizing the disruption and extraction efficiency. A combination of ultrasound with other disruption methods such as ozonation, microwave, homogenization, enzymatic lysis, and solvents facilitates cell disruption and release of target compounds, thus provides powerful solutions to commercial scale-up of ultrasound extraction for microalgal biorefining. It is concluded that ultrasonication is a sustainable "green" process, but more research and work are needed to upscale this process without sacrificing performance or consuming more energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Gansu Innovation Center of Microalgae Technology, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
| | - Wenqiao Yuan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahindrakar KV, Rathod VK. Ultrasound-assisted intensified aqueous extraction of phenolics from waste Syzygium cumini leaves: Kinetic studies and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer potential. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Evaluation of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Evaluation of Techniques for Intensifying the Process of the Alcoholic Extraction of Coffee Ground Oil Using Ultrasound and a Pressurized Solvent. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040584. [PMID: 35206061 PMCID: PMC8871055 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) techniques were evaluated and compared with conventional extraction for obtaining spent coffee ground oil (SCGO). The use of absolute ethanol (ET0) and hydrated ethanol (ET6) as solvents, two levels of SCG mass ratio:solvent, 1:4 (U4) and 1:15 (U15), and ultrasound powers of 0, 200, 400, and 600 W were tested. ET0 and U15 resulted in higher extraction yields of SCGO (YSCGO, 82%). A positive effect of sonication on YSCGO was observed only for condition U4. UAE resulted in defatted solids (DS) with higher apparent density values, corroborating the increase in the amount of smaller diameter particles due to sonication. The micrographs showed changes in the surfaces of the solids from the UAE and PLE, although the crystalline structures of the DS were not altered. UAE and PLE, compared to conventional extraction, did not allow significant gains in terms of YSCGO and, consequently, in the number of contact stages in an extractor configured in cross-currents.
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng Y, Wang W, Zhao S, Yang X, Xu W, Guo M, Xu E, Ding T, Ye X, Liu D. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of lipids as food components: Mechanism, solvent, feedstock, quality evaluation and coupled technologies – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Guo H, Cheng J, Mao Y, Qian L, Yang W, Park JY. Synergistic effect of ultrasound and switchable hydrophilicity solvent promotes microalgal cell disruption and lipid extraction for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126087. [PMID: 34624467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the lipid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica with thick cell wall using switchable hydrophilicity solvent, ultrasound-assisted N, N, N', N'-tetraethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TEPDA) was used to effectively destruct the cell wall. TEPDA cations were adsorbed on the cells via electrostatic force and formed the electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex with the hydroxyl groups in cellulose. This broke the hydrogen-bonding interactions between cellulose chains and stripped them from cell wall, thus reducing the cell wall thickness from 141 nm to 68.6 nm. Moreover, TEPDA cations neutralized the negatively charged phospholipid bilayers, decreasing the cell surface zeta potential from -27.5 eV to -14.1 eV. The local electrostatic equilibrium led to cell membrane leakage. The ultrasound promoted the stripping of the cellulose chains at a power intensity of 0.5 W/mL and frequency of 20 kHz, achieving the lipid extraction efficiency of 98.2% within 2 h at a volume ratio of 1:4 of wet microalgae to TEPDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Yuxiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Lei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Wastes to Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pradana YS, Sadewo BR, Haryanto SA, Sudibyo H. Selection of oil extraction process from Chlorella species of microalgae by using multi-criteria decision analysis technique for biodiesel production. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the last few decades, the energy crisis has been one of the main concerns related to the lack of long-term petroleum-based reserves as primary energy resources. Biodiesel emerged as a promising alternative. Nowadays, it is produced from edible vegetable oil, thereby causing commodity prices and food security disruption. In this case, microalgae serve as a sustainable and renewable feedstock for their fast growth, high lipid content, and CO2 absorbing agent. Five processes are applied on the production of microalgae-based biodiesel, namely cultivation, harvesting, extraction, conversion, and refinement. There is currently limited study on technology selection on industrial-scale technology for oil extraction from Chlorella spp. of microalgae. Therefore, this study aims to review and select the most suitable technology using simple multi-attribute rating technique extended to ranking – multi-criteria decision analysis (SMARTER-MCDA). Preliminary studies showed that conventional organic solvent extraction (COE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), electric pulse extraction (EPE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) were the most promising technologies. These technologies required a series of evaluations using SMARTER-MCDA with several criteria, including easy scalability, extraction productivity, energy input, additional compound, and environmental impact. The result ranking showed that MAE technology was selected as the most suitable technology for oil extraction from Chlorella spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yano Surya Pradana
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
- Center of Excellence for Microalgae Biorefinery, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - Brilian Ryan Sadewo
- Center of Excellence for Microalgae Biorefinery, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - Samuel Andar Haryanto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
- Center of Excellence for Microalgae Biorefinery, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Extraction of Pigments from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria—A Review on Current Methodologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pigments from microalgae and cyanobacteria have attracted great interest for industrial applications due to their bioactive potential and their natural product attributes. These pigments are usually sold as extracts, to overcome purification costs. The extraction of these compounds is based on cell disruption methodologies and chemical solubility of compounds. Different cell disruption methodologies have been used for pigment extraction, such as sonication, homogenization, high-pressure, CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic extraction, and some other promising extraction methodologies such as ohmic heating and electric pulse technologies. The biggest constrain on pigment bioprocessing comes from the installation and operation costs; thus, fundamental and applied research are still needed to overcome such constrains and give the microalgae and cyanobacteria industry an opportunity in the world market. In this review, the main extraction methodologies will be discussed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages for each kind of pigment, type of organism, cost, and final market.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng S, Zhang G, Wang H, Long Z, Wei T, Li Q. Progress in ultrasound-assisted extraction of the value-added products from microorganisms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:71. [PMID: 33763773 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracting value-added products from microorganisms is an important research focus for the future. Among the many extraction methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has attracted more attention owing to its advantages in reducing working time, increasing yield, and improving the quality of the extract. This review summarizes the use of UAE value-added products from microorganisms, with the main extracted substances are pigments, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. In addition, this work also summarizes the mechanism of UAE and highlights the factors that affect UAE operation, such as ultrasonic power intensity or power density, operation mode, and energy consumption, which need to be considered. All extraction products from microorganisms showed that UAE can effectively improve the extraction yields of value-added products. It also highlights the existing problems of the technology and possible future prospects. In general, the UAE of value-added substances from microorganisms is feasible and has the potential for development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zheng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - HongJie Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zeqing Long
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Qiangang Li
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brennan B, Regan F. In-situ lipid and fatty acid extraction methods to recover viable products from Nannochloropsis sp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142464. [PMID: 33113682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis sp. has received increased attention by researchers in recent years due to its complexity and abundance of lipid structures. The lipids of this microalgae species have been identified to contain large quantities of neutral lipids which are capable of producing raw materials for nutraceuticals, food additives and biofuels. The production of biodiesel has received the greatest attention as there is an increase in global demand for both more fuel and more environmentally sustainable methods to produce such resources. The greatest challenges facing industries to mass produce viable products from microalgae involve the degradation of the cell wall and extracting the fatty acid of interest due to high costs. Various studies have shown that the extraction lipids from the microalgae can greatly influence the overall fatty acid composition. Different extraction methods can result in recovering higher quantities of either saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biodiesel production requires higher quantities of saturated fatty acids and monosaturated fatty acids as increased quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids result in oxidation which decreases the performance of the biodiesel. Whereas, polyunsaturated fatty acids are required in order to produce pharmaceuticals and food additives such as omega 3. This review will focus on how different in-situ extraction methods for lipid and fatty acid recovery, influence the fatty acid composition of various Nannochloropsis species (oculate, gaditana, salina and oceanica). The mechanical methods (microwave, ultrasonic and supercritical‑carbon dioxide) of extraction for Nannochloropsis sp. will be critically evaluated. The use of enzymes will also be addressed, for their ability to extract fatty acids in a more environmentally friendly manner. This paper will report on the viable by-products which can be produced using different extraction methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Brennan
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu F, Zeng J, Cheng Z, Wang X, Wang B, Zeng Z, Chen K. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced by different mechanical methods to improve mechanical properties of recycled paper. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117474. [PMID: 33357928 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In current study, CNFs produced by different mechanical methods, were used to improve the mechanical properties of recycled paper. The result showed the morphology of CNFs had great impact on reinforced effect and the length of fibrils determined their contribution in recycled paper strength. For different CNFs with similar diameter, the higher aspect ratio resulted in better reinforced effect. The CNFs produced by microfluidic homogenization and suitable PFI milling conditions (RM-CNF1) got best reinforced effect which improved tensile index and burst index by 35.5 % and 49.4 % at 5.0 wt% addition, respectively, due to their high aspect ratio. Although the CNFs produced by ball milling and ultrasonication (BU-CNF2) still had many bundles that were not fibrillated completely, their reinforced effect just below RM-CNF1 due to their special morphology and high retention rate. This work aims to study the influence of CNFs on recycled fibers reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhanting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boonyubol S, Kodama S, Sekiguchi H. Effect of Alumina Particles on Simultaneous Lipid Extraction and Biodiesel Production from Microalgae under Ultrasonic Irradiation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.19we231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasipa Boonyubol
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Satoshi Kodama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Hidetoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
González-Balderas RM, Velásquez-Orta SB, Valdez-Vazquez I, Orta Ledesma MT. Intensified recovery of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates from wastewater-grown microalgae Desmodesmus sp. by using ultrasound or ozone. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 62:104852. [PMID: 31806557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of ultrasound and ozone pretreatments for the subsequent recovery of Desmodesmus sp. biocomponents-lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates-using a response surface methodology. Both pretreatments impact on the recovered lipids quality, solvent waste production and extraction time is analysed for process intensification purposes. For ultrasound pretreatment, independent parameters were energy applied (50-200 kWh/kg dry biomass), biomass concentration (25-75 g/L), and ultrasonic intensity (0.32 and 0.53 W/mL). While for ozone pretreatment, independent parameters were ozone concentration (3-9 mg O3/L), biomass concentration (25-75 g/L), and contact time (5-15 min). In the case of ultrasound pretreatment, recovery yield reached 97 ± 0.4%, 89 ± 3%, and 73 ± 0.6% for proteins, carbohydrates and lipids respectively. Given process required: energy applied of 50 kWh/kg dry biomass, 75 g/L of biomass concentration, 0.32 W/mL of ultrasonic intensity, and 56 min of time process. Ultrasound caused high cell disruption releasing all proteins, thereby obviating downstream processing for its recovery. Ozone pretreatment recovery yield was 85 ± 2%, 48 ± 1.4%, and 25 ± 1.3%, for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins respectively, under the following conditions: 9 mg O3/L of ozone concentration, 25 g/L of biomass concentration, and 5 min of contact time that depicts an energy consumption of 30.64 kWh/kg dry biomass. It was found that ultrasound and ozone pretreatments intensified the lysis and biocomponents recovery process by reducing solvent consumption by at least 92% and extraction time between 80% and 90% compared with extraction of untreated biomass biocomponents. Both pretreatments improve the composition of the recovered lipids. It was noted that the yield of neutral lipids increased from 28% to 67% for ultrasound pretreatment while for ozone pretreatment from 49% to 63%. The method used for lipid extraction may also have an effect but here it was kept constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M González-Balderas
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CDMX C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - S B Velásquez-Orta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - I Valdez-Vazquez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - M T Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CDMX C.P. 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Figueiredo AR, da Costa E, Silva J, Domingues MR, Domingues P. The effects of different extraction methods of lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica on the contents of omega-3 fatty acids. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Zhang R, Parniakov O, Grimi N, Lebovka N, Marchal L, Vorobiev E. Emerging techniques for cell disruption and extraction of valuable bio-molecules of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:173-186. [PMID: 30470909 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae of Nannochloropsis sp. present valuable source of bio-molecules (pigments, lipids, proteins) that have nutritional potential for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Moreover, some species of Nannochloropsis are the promising sources of biofuels and excellent candidates for the replacement of classical biofuel crops. This review describes and compares the efficiency of different conventional and novel techniques that can be used for cell disruption and recovery of bio-molecules from Nannochloropsis sp. Classification of different extraction techniques includes chemical, enzymatic, mechanical and other physical methods. The detailed analysis of extraction efficiency assisted by pressure and temperature (subcritical and supercritical fluids, hydrothermal liquefaction), ultrasound, microwaves, and pulsed electric energy (pulsed electric fields and high voltage electrical discharges) is presented. The general discussion includes comparison between techniques, their effectiveness for cell disruption and selectivity of bio-molecules extraction from Nannochloropsis sp. The cost-effectiveness, benefits and limitations of different techniques are also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Oleksii Parniakov
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Nabil Grimi
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Nikolai Lebovka
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205, Compiègne Cedex, France.,Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko, NAS of Ukraine, 42, blvr. Vernadskogo, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Luc Marchal
- LUNAM Université, CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, UMR6144, CRTT, Boulevard de l'Université, BP 406, 44602, Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205, Compiègne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The effect of high-intensity ultrasound on cell disruption and lipid extraction from high-solids viscous slurries of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
29
|
Xue Z, Wan F, Yu W, Liu J, Zhang Z, Kou X. Edible Oil Production From Microalgae: A Review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Fang Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 300381 Tianjin China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qinghai Nationalities University; 810007 Qinghai China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 300381 Tianjin China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; 300072 Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mild cell disruption methods for bio-functional proteins recovery from microalgae—Recent developments and future perspectives. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
31
|
Chen J, Li J, Zhang X, Tyagi RD, Dong W. Ultra-sonication application in biodiesel production from heterotrophic oleaginous microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:902-917. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1418733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Eau, Terre et Environnement, INRS, Québec, Canada
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | | | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sivaramakrishnan R, Incharoensakdi A. Microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production under ultrasound treatment - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:877-887. [PMID: 29221914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultrasound in biodiesel production has recently emerged as a novel technology. Ultrasound treatment enhances the mass transfer characteristics leading to the increased reaction rate with short reaction time and potentially reduces the production cost. In this review, application of ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production using acid, base and enzyme catalysts is presented. A critical assessment of the current status of ultrasound in biodiesel production was discussed with the emphasis on using ultrasound for efficient microalgae biodiesel production. The ultrasound in the biodiesel production enhances the emulsification of immiscible liquid reactant by microturbulence generated by cavitation bubbles. The major benefit of the ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production is a reduction in reaction time. Several different methods have been discussed to improve the biodiesel production. Overall, this review focuses on the current understanding of the application of ultrasound in biodiesel production from microalgae and to provide insights into future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pan Z, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wu Z. Disintegration of Nannochloropsis sp. cells in an improved turbine bead mill. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:641-648. [PMID: 28910652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Nannochloropsis sp. cells in aqueous solution were disintegrated in an improved bead mill with turbine agitator. The disintegration rates of cell samples disrupted under various operating parameters (i.e., circumferential speed, bead size, disintegration time, and cell concentration) were analyzed. An experimental strategy to optimize the parameters affecting the cell disintegration process was proposed. The results show that Nannochloropsis sp. cells can be effectively disintegrated in the turbine stirred bead mill under the optimum condition (i.e., circumferential speed of 2.3m/s, concentration of 15vol.%, disintegration time of 40min and bead size of 0.3-0.4mm). The disintegration mechanism was discussed via the selection and breakage functions from population balance modelling. It is revealed that the impact and compression effects of stirring beads are more effective for the disruption of coarser fraction of cells, and the shear effect dominates the production of finer fractions of disintegrated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Pan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, TX 77005, Houston, USA
| | - Yanmin Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Automotive & Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, 341000 Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Safafar H, Langvad S, Møller P, Jacobsen C. Storage Conditions Affect Oxidative Stability and Nutritional Composition of Freeze-Dried Nannochloropsis salina. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Safafar
- Technical University of Denmark; National Food, Søltofts Plads; Building 221 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Simon Langvad
- Technical University of Denmark; National Food, Søltofts Plads; Building 221 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Per Møller
- Kalundborg Municipality; Department of Development; Torvet 3A Kalundborg 4400 Denmark
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Technical University of Denmark; National Food, Søltofts Plads; Building 221 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jaeschke DP, Rech R, Marczak LDF, Mercali GD. Ultrasound as an alternative technology to extract carotenoids and lipids from Heterochlorella luteoviridis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:753-757. [PMID: 27955863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the use of ultrasound as a pre-treatment to lipid and carotenoid extraction from the microalgae Heterochlorella luteoviridis. The pre-treatment was performed in the presence of ethanol (25%, v/v) with the ultrasound intensity varying from 0 to 100% (435kJkg-1). After the pre-treatment, a diffusive step was performed in order to evaluate different ethanol concentrations (50-75%, v/v). The results regarding carotenoid extraction showed that there is an optimal extraction region: 40-80% of ultrasound intensity and 60-75% of ethanol concentration. The lipid extraction was not influenced by the ultrasound pre-treatment and increased with the increase of ethanol concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pez Jaeschke
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Engenheiro Luiz Englert Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-040, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Rech
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Engenheiro Luiz Englert Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Giovana Domeneghini Mercali
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen L, Liu X, Li D, Chen W, Zhang K, Chen S. Preparation of stable microcapsules from disrupted cell ofHaematococcus pluvialisby spray drying. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial BioSystems and Bioprocessing Engineering; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Xiumin Liu
- Hebei Jiaotong Vocational & Technical College; Shijiazhuang 050035 China
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial BioSystems and Bioprocessing Engineering; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Wuxi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial BioSystems and Bioprocessing Engineering; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial BioSystems and Bioprocessing Engineering; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial BioSystems and Bioprocessing Engineering; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin 300308 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parniakov O, Apicella E, Koubaa M, Barba FJ, Grimi N, Lebovka N, Pataro G, Ferrari G, Vorobiev E. Ultrasound-assisted green solvent extraction of high-added value compounds from microalgae Nannochloropsis spp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:262-267. [PMID: 26398670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate ultrasound (US)-assisted green solvent extraction of valuable compounds from the microalgae Nannochloropsis spp. Individual green solvents (water, ethanol (EtOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and binary mixture of solvents (water-DMSO and water-EtOH) were used for the extraction procedures. Maximum total phenolic compounds yield (Yp ≈ 0.33) was obtained after US pre-treatment (W=400 W, 15 min), being almost 5-folds higher compared to that found for the untreated samples and aqueous extraction (Yp ≈ 0.06). The highest yield of total chlorophylls (Yc ≈ 0.043) was obtained after US (W=400 W, 7.5 min), being more than 9-folds higher than those obtained for the untreated samples and aqueous extraction (Yc ≈ 0.004). The recovery efficiency decreased as DMSO>EtOH>H2O. The optimal conditions to recover phenolic compounds and chlorophylls from microalgae were obtained after US pre-treatment (400 W, 5 min), binary mixtures of solvents (water-DMSO and water-EtOH) at 25-30%, and microalgae concentration of 10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Parniakov
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, B.P. 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France; Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko, NAS of Ukraine, 42, Blvr. Vernadskogo, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - E Apicella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - M Koubaa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, B.P. 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - F J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - N Grimi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, B.P. 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - N Lebovka
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, B.P. 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France; Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko, NAS of Ukraine, 42, Blvr. Vernadskogo, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - G Pataro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - G Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano (SA), Italy; ProdAl Scarl, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - E Vorobiev
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, B.P. 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Naveena B, Armshaw P, Tony Pembroke J. Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:140. [PMID: 26379772 PMCID: PMC4570611 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonication has recently received attention as a novel bioprocessing tool for process intensification in many areas of downstream processing. Ultrasonic intensification (periodic ultrasonic treatment during the fermentation process) can result in a more effective homogenization of biomass and faster energy and mass transfer to biomass over short time periods which can result in enhanced microbial growth. Ultrasonic intensification can allow the rapid selective extraction of specific biomass components and can enhance product yields which can be of economic benefit. This review focuses on the role of ultrasonication in the extraction and yield enhancement of compounds from various microbial sources, specifically algal and cyanobacterial biomass with a focus on the production of biofuels. The operating principles associated with the process of ultrasonication and the influence of various operating conditions including ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, ultrasonic duration, reactor designs and kinetics applied for ultrasonic intensification are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Naveena
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Patricia Armshaw
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alternative and efficient extraction methods for marine-derived compounds. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3182-230. [PMID: 26006714 PMCID: PMC4446625 DOI: 10.3390/md13053182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems cover more than 70% of the globe’s surface. These habitats are occupied by a great diversity of marine organisms that produce highly structural diverse metabolites as a defense mechanism. In the last decades, these metabolites have been extracted and isolated in order to test them in different bioassays and assess their potential to fight human diseases. Since traditional extraction techniques are both solvent- and time-consuming, this review emphasizes alternative extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and extraction with switchable solvents and ionic liquids, applied in the search for marine compounds. Only studies published in the 21st century are considered.
Collapse
|
40
|
Park JY, Park MS, Lee YC, Yang JW. Advances in direct transesterification of algal oils from wet biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:267-275. [PMID: 25466997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines has been increasing because of the issue of petroleum depletion and environmental concerns related to massive carbon dioxide emissions. Researchers are strongly driven to pursue the next generation of vegetable oil-based biodiesel. Oleaginous microalgae are considered to be a promising alternative oil source. To commercialize microalgal biodiesel, cost reductions in oil extraction and downstream biodiesel conversion are stressed. Herein, starting from an investigation of oil extraction from wet microalgae, a review is conducted of transesterification using enzymes, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, and yield enhancement by ultrasound, microwave, and supercritical process. In particular, there is a focus on direct transesterification as a simple and energy efficient process that omits a separate oil extraction step and utilizes wet microalgal biomass; however, it is still necessary to consider issues such as the purification of microalgal oils and upgrading of biodiesel properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min S Park
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|