1
|
Godvin Sharmila V, Kumar G, Sivashanmugham P, Piechota G, Park JH, Adish Kumar S, Rajesh Banu J. Phase separated pretreatment strategies for enhanced waste activated sludge disintegration in anaerobic digestion: An outlook and recent trends. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127985. [PMID: 36126843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A significant ecological problem was developed on disposing the enormous amounts of waste activated sludge (WAS) produced by traditional wastewater treatment. There have been various attempts recently originated to develop innovative methods for substantial sludge treatment. The most frequently used approach for treating sludge to produces methane and reduces sludge is anaerobic treatment. The hydrolysis phase in WAS limits the breakdown of complex macrobiotic compounds. The presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biomass prevents the substrate from being hydrolyzed. Enhancing substrate hydrolysis involves removal of EPS preceded by phase separated pretreatment. Hence, a critical assessment of various phase separated pretreatment that has a remarkable effect on the anaerobic digestion process was documented in detail. Moreover, the economic viability and energy requirement of this treatment process was also discussed. Perspectives and recommendations for methane production were also provided to attain effectual sludge management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - P Sivashanmugham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM, Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, 40a/3 Legionów Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu 610005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uthirakrishnan U, Godvin Sharmila V, Merrylin J, Adish Kumar S, Dharmadhas JS, Varjani S, Rajesh Banu J. Current advances and future outlook on pretreatment techniques to enhance biosolids disintegration and anaerobic digestion: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132553. [PMID: 34653493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (biosolids) treatment is intensely a major problem around the globe. Anaerobic treatment is indeed a fundamental and most popular approach to convert organic wastes into bioenergy, which could be used as a carbon-neutral renewable and clean energy thus eradicating pathogens and eliminating odor. Due to the sheer intricate biosolid matrix (such as exopolymeric substances) and rigid cell structure, hydrolysis becomes a rate-limiting phase. Numerous different pretreatment strategies were proposed to hasten this rate-limiting hydrolysis and enhance the productivity of anaerobic digestion. This study discusses an overview of previous scientific advances in pretreatment options for enhancing biogas production. In addition, the limitations addressed along with the effects of inhibitors in biosolids towards biogas production and strategies to overcome discussed. This review elaborated the cost analysis of various pretreatment methods towards the scale-up process. This review abridges the existing research on augmenting AD efficacy by recognizing the associated knowledge gaps and suggesting future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ushani Uthirakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chinnakolambakkam, Chengalpattu, 603308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Merrylin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sarah Tucker College, Tirunelveli, 627002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University V.O.C College of Engineering, Anna University Thoothukudi Campus, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641-021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synergistic Effects of Magnetic Nanomaterials on Post-Digestate for Biogas Production. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216434. [PMID: 34770843 PMCID: PMC8588561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestate is characterized by high water content, and in the water and wastewater treatment settings, necessitates both large storage capacities and a high cost of disposal. By seeding digestate with four magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), this study aimed to recover biogas and boost its methane potential anaerobically. This was carried out via biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests with five 1 L bioreactors, with a working volume of 80% and 20% head space. These were operated under anaerobic conditions at a temperature 40 °C for a 30 d incubation period. The SEM/EDX results revealed that the morphological surface area of the digestate with the MNPs increased as compared to its raw state. Comparatively, the degree of degradation of the bioreactors with MNPs resulted in over 75% decontamination (COD, color, and turbidity) as compared to the control system result of 60% without MNPs. The highest biogas production (400 mL/day) and methane yield (100% CH4) was attained with 2 g of Fe2O4-TiO2 MNPs as compared to the control biogas production (350 mL/day) and methane yield (65% CH4). Economically, the highest energy balance achieved was estimated as 320.49 ZAR/kWh, or 22.89 USD/kWh in annual energy savings for this same system. These findings demonstrate that digestate seeded with MNPs has great potential to improve decontamination efficiency, biogas production and circular economy in wastewater management.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajesh Banu J, Poornima Devi T, Yukesh Kannah R, Kavitha S, Kim SH, Muñoz R, Kumar G. A review on energy and cost effective phase separated pretreatment of biosolids. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117169. [PMID: 33962241 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) existent in anaerobic sludge proves to be a barrier for sludge liquefaction and biomass lysis efficiency. Hence EPS deaggregation heightens the surface area for the subsequent pretreatment thereby uplifting the sludge disintegration and biomethanation rate. This review documents the role of EPS and its components which inhibits sludge hydrolysis and also the various phase separated pretreatment methods available with its disintegration mechanism to enhance the biomass lysis and methane production rate. It also illustrates the effects of phase separated pretreatment on the sludge disintegration rate which embodies two phases-floc disruption and cell lysis accompanied by their computation through biomethane potential assay and fermentation analysis comprehensively. Additionally, energy balance study and cost analysis requisite for successful implementation of a proposed phase separated pretreatment on a pilot scale level and their challenges are also reviewed. Overall this paper documents the potency of phase separated pretreatment for full scale approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Thiruvarur, India
| | - T Poornima Devi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Raul Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maryam A, Badshah M, Sabeeh M, Khan SJ. Enhancing methane production from dewatered waste activated sludge through alkaline and photocatalytic pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124677. [PMID: 33493745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants makes an abundant source of biomass. Its effective utilization through anaerobic digestion (AD) requires pretreatment to disintegrate the sludge matrix and increase organic matter availability. In this study, dewatered waste activated sludge (DWAS) was subjected to alkaline, photocatalytic, and alkaline-photocatalytic pretreatment for its disintegration and subsequent methane production using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide and titania nanoparticles. Individual pretreatment resulted in maximum disintegration degree (DDsCOD) of 11.3 and 5.2% at 0.8% NaOH and 0.6 gTiO2/L, respectively. Alkaline-photocatalytic pretreatment yielded 37% DDsCOD at 0.8% NaOH-0.4 g/L TiO2. As compared to control, AD at 0.4% NaOH and 0.5 g/L TiO2 pretreatments yielded maximum methane, which was 50.4 and 32.6% higher. Similarly, alkaline-photocatalytic pretreatment at 0.4% NaOH-0.5 g/L TiO2 yielded methane as 462 N mL/g VS, which was 71.1% higher. Modified Gompertz model fitted the methane yield data well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Maryam
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Sabeeh
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Jamal Khan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vosooghnia A, Polettini A, Rossi A, Vázquez-Rowe I, Francini G. Carbon footprint of anaerobic digestion combined with ultrasonic post-treatment of agro-industrial organic residues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111459. [PMID: 33120089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste, although widely practiced, may require suitable accompanying treatments to enhance the degradability of complex materials. Since these may require significant efforts in terms of energy and chemical demand, careful assessment of their overall environmental sustainability is mandatory to evaluate their full-scale feasibility. The study aims to represent the environmental profile of ultrasonication (US) applied as a post-treatment of anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial organic residues. There is an interest in the US treatment for the processing of complex organic materials prior to AD in order to enhance the hydrolysis of complex organic substrates and increase the biogas yield of the biological process. An attributional, process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) study was applied to quantify and compare the potential environmental impacts of an AD plant, the biogas utilization options as well as the different digestate processing alternatives grouped into a set of 16 scenarios. Based on the results, upgrading of biogas and bio-methane use as vehicle fuel instead of energy generation from CHP or fuel cell was recommended due to the lower impact on GWP. Similarly, composting was a suitable option to reduce environmental impacts compared to belt drying. From the uncertainty analysis, AD without US as post-treatment proves to be more sustainable in terms of GWP compared to when US is used, showing net savings in GHG emissions especially when upgrading of biogas is applied. The analysis provides useful indications to policy makers to define sustainable management alternatives for organic residues as well as identify the environmental advantages associated with biogas utilization and digestate treatment and disposal alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Vosooghnia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Polettini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreina Rossi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Ian Vázquez-Rowe
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, 15088, Lima, Peru
| | - Giovanni Francini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nhi BD. Research on Regenerating Activated Carbon in 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Explosives Manufacturing Industry by Microwave Radiation and Ionized Nitrogen. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bui Dinh Nhi
- Faculty of Environmental Technology Viet Tri University of Industry Tien Kien Lam Thao Phu Tho Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharmila VG, Angappane S, Gunasekaran M, Kumar G, Banu JR. Immobilized ZnO nano film impelled bacterial disintegration of dairy sludge to enrich anaerobic digestion for profitable bioenergy production: Energetic and economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123276. [PMID: 32251862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper treatment and disposal of sludge is a substantial task around the biosphere. To address this issue, sludge deflocculation using photocatalyst was opted to enhance bacterial disintegration which in turn accelerate sludge digestion anaerobically. During this investigation, Direct current (DC) sputtering together with annealing process was used to immobilize Zinc oxide (ZnO). This immobilized ZnO removes the extracellular components at 15 min. The deflocculation mediated bacterial pretreatment induced 22.9% of soluble organics solubilization which auguments the biodegradability to 0.195 g COD/g COD during anaerobic digestion. The quantity of methane generated by deflocculated sludge was 39.2% higher than sludge with bacterial disintegration only with maximum methane yield of 437.14 mL/g COD. Hence, the outcome of the proposed work confirmed that the method is scalable with a net profit of 27 USD with the maximum methane generation of 413.1 kWh. Additionally, this method reduced 57% of dry sludge (solid).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Angappane
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kavitha S, Schikaran M, Yukesh Kannah R, Gunasekaran M, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. Nanoparticle induced biological disintegration: A new phase separated pretreatment strategy on microalgal biomass for profitable biomethane recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121624. [PMID: 31203180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study involves the application of new phase separated biological pretreatment (PSBP) strategy on microalgal biomass using the nickel nanoparticle induced cellulase secreting bacterial disintegration. Particularly, interest was focussed on cell wall weakening (CWW) of microalgae biomass besides the cell disintegration (CD) and release of organics. During CWW, protein, carbohydrate, cellulose, hemicellulose and DNA were used as evaluation indexes. Similarly, during CD, soluble chemical oxygen demand was used as evaluation index to assess the disintegration effect. A higher CWW was achieved at nickel nanoparticle (Np) dosage of 0.004 g/g SS. During CD, a clear demarcation in biomass solubilisation was achieved by PSBP (36%) than the sole biological pretreatment -BP (24%). The biomethanogenesis test results showed that enhanced methane production of 411 mL/g COD was achieved by PSBP than BP. Energy analysis showed that a higher net energy production of 6.467 GJ/d was achieved by PSBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Schikaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou L, Zhuang WQ, De Costa Y, Xia S. Potential effects of suspended TiO 2 nanoparticles on activated sludge floc properties in membrane bioreactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:148-156. [PMID: 30772594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development and application of consumer products containing nanoparticles (NPs), especially titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, the potential effects of suspended NPs on wastewater treatment has been a concern over the recent years. This study investigated the potential effects of suspended TiO2 NPs on activated sludge flocculation properties in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Results showed that suspended TiO2 NPs inhibited the viability of activated sludge flocs, and led to bacterial protein secretion for bacterial protection, causing an overall protein increase of soluble microbial products. Suspended TiO2 NPs also destabilized the activated sludge floc structure and reduced flocculation capacity of flocs, causing an over production of organic matter and resulting in a floc size decrease of over 50%. Suspended TiO2 NPs also caused a change in the phylogenetic distribution of bacterial community. Whereby, the dominant species in activated sludge was replaced from Comamonadaceae to Thiotrichaceae in 50 mg/L suspended TiO2 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yashika De Costa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Godvin Sharmila V, Gunasekaran M, Angappane S, Zhen G, Tae Yeom I, Rajesh Banu J. Evaluation of photocatalytic thin film pretreatment on anaerobic degradability of exopolymer extracted biosolids for biofuel generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:132-139. [PMID: 30716605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the result of sodium citrate induced exopolymer extraction on the photocatalytic thin film (TiO2) pretreatment efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS). TiO2 is immobilized through DC spluttering method followed by annealing process. The exopolymer removal of 94.2% by sodium citrate (0.05 g/g SS) promotes better disintegration. This TiO2 thin film efficiently extricate the intracellular components of exopolymer extracted sludge at 50 min increasing the solubilization to 19.33%. As a result, the exopolymer extracted sludge shows high methane generation (0.24 gCOD/gCOD) than the other (pretreated sludge without exopolymer removal - 0.12 gCOD/gCOD and raw sludge without treatment - 0.075 gCOD/gCOD). The methane generated in sodium citrate induced TiO2 thin film pretreated sludge is 398.99 kWh. In cost analysis, it gives net cost of -57.46 USD/ton of sludge. In addition, the proposed method also accounts 51.3% of solid reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Angappane
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin B, Niu J, Dai J, Li N, Zhou P, Niu J, Zhang J, Tao H, Ma Z, Zhang Z. New insights into the enhancement of biochemical degradation potential from waste activated sludge with low organic content by Potassium Monopersulfate treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:8-16. [PMID: 29864736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge with low organic content (WAS-LOC) always led to the failure of anaerobic fermentation. A potentially practical technology based on SO4-, i.e. Potassium Monopersulfate (PMS) was used into WAS-LOC anaerobic fermentation system and had been presented to greatly improve both the intracellular and extracellular constituents, which improved the biological enzyme activity and produced a mass of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Results showed that the maximal SCFAs production was 716.72 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L (0.08 mg PMS/mg SS), which increased to 43.70 times comparing to that of 0.00 mg PMS/mg SS level (16.40 mgCOD/L). The activities of biological enzymes increased 1.42 times for protease, 4.38 times for α-glucosidase, 2.1 times for alkaline phosphatase, 1.70 times for acidic phosphatase and 1.37 times for dehydrogenase respectively comparing to natural fermentation system, but the coenzyme 420 was restrained prominently. PMS positively enriched the abundance of microbial community responsible for WAS-LOC hydrolysis and SCFAs production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Jin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jintao Niu
- HE NAN GENGAN HUANBAO KEJIYOUXIANGONGSI, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingwen Dai
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nuonan Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiahui Niu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongfan Tao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongfang Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Zhao J, Li X, Wang D, Yang Q, Zeng G. Synergistic effect of free nitrite acid integrated with biosurfactant alkyl polyglucose on sludge anaerobic fermentation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:310-317. [PMID: 32559917 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a new strategy, i.e. combination of free nitrite acid (FNA) and biosurfactant Alkyl polyglucose (APG), for the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from sludge anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that when FNA concentration was 1.54 mg/L, the maximum yield of SCFA was 354.6 mg/g, which was significantly higher than that of FNA or APG alone. The combination of FNA and APG also shortened the optimal fermentation time to 5 d. Mechanism studies showed that FNA combined with APG can promote the sludge disintegration. By detecting the degradation of the simulated compounds in the synthetic water, it is found that the FNA combined with APG can synergistically promote sludge hydrolysis and acidification but seriously inhibit the methanogenesis process. The enzyme activity analysis was also consistent with the above experimental results. The combination of FNA and APG in this study provides a promising strategy for enhancing sludge anaerobic fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ushani U, Kavitha S, Yukesh Kannah R, Gunasekaran M, Kumar G, Nguyen DD, Chang SW, Rajesh Banu J. Sodium thiosulphate induced immobilized bacterial disintegration of sludge: An energy efficient and cost effective platform for sludge management and biomethanation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:273-282. [PMID: 29631177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to gain better insights into profitable biomethanation through sodium thiosulphate induced immobilized protease secreting bacterial disintegration (STS-IPBD) of sludge. STS disperse the flocs at 0.08 g/g SS of dosage and assists the subsequent bacterial disintegration. Immobilization of bacteria increases the hydrolytic activity of cells towards effective liquefaction of sludge. A higher liquefaction of 22% was accomplished for STS-IPBD when compared to immobilized protease secreting bacterial disintegration (IPBD alone). The kinetic parameters of Line Weaver Burk plot analysis revealed a maximal specific growth rate (µmax) of 0.320 h-1 for immobilized cells when compared to suspended free cells showing the benefit of immobilization. Floc dispersion and immobilization of bacteria imparts a major role in biomethanation as the methane generation (0.32 gCOD/g COD) was higher in STS-IPBD sample. The cost analysis showed that STS - IPBD was a feasible process with net profit of 2.6 USD/Ton of sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Ushani
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (KAHE), Pollache Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus, Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus, Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Regional Campus, Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus, Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anjum M, Al-Talhi HA, Mohamed SA, Kumar R, Barakat MA. Visible light photocatalytic disintegration of waste activated sludge for enhancing biogas production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:120-127. [PMID: 28874306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production using waste activated sludge (WAS) is one of the most demanding technologies for sludge treatment and generating energy in sustainable manner. The present study deals with the photocatalytic pretreatment of WAS using ZnO-ZnS@polyaniline (ZnO-ZnS@PANI) nanocomposite as means for increasing its degradability for improved biogas production by anaerobic digestion (AD). Photocatalysis accelerated the hydrolysis of WAS and increased the sCOD by 6.7 folds after 6 h and transform tCOD into bioavailable sCOD. After the AD of WAS, a removal of organic matter (60.6%) and tCOD (69.3%) was achieved in photocatalytic pretreated sludge. The biogas production was 1.6 folds higher in photocatalytic sludge with accumulative biogas up to 1645.1 ml L-1vs after 45 days compared with the raw sludge (1022.4 ml L-1VS). Moreover, the photocatalysis decrease the onset of methanogenesis from 25 to 12 days while achieve the maximum conversion rate of reducing sugars into organic acids at that time. These results suggested that photocatalysis is an efficient pretreatment method and ZnO-ZnS@PANI can degrade sludge efficiently for enhance biogas production in anaerobic digestion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Anjum
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan A Al-Talhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Central Metallurgical R & D Institute, Helwan, 11421, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Barakat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Molecular Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rajesh Banu J, Ushani U, Rajkumar M, Naresh Kumar R, Parthiba Karthikeyan O. Impact of mild alkali dosage on immobilized Exiguobacterium spp. mediated cost and energy efficient sludge disintegration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:434-441. [PMID: 28898841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to (extracellular polymeric substance) EPS removal were studied with major aim to enhance the biodegradability and sludge solubilization. In this study, a novel approach of entrapment of bacterial strain was carried out to achieve long term activity of protease secreting bacteria Exiguobacterium sp. A mild treatment of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was applied to remove EPS which was followed by entrapment under the biological pretreatment. The efficiency of Exiguobacterium was predicted through dissolvable organic and suspended solids (SS) reduction. The maximum dissolvable organic matter released was 2300mg/L with the solubilization of 23% which was obtained for sludge without EPS (SWOE). For dissolvable organic release, SWOE showed higher final methane production of 232mL/g COD at the production rate of 16.2mL/g COD.d. The SWOE pretreatment was found to be cost effective and less energy intensive beneficial in terms of energy and cost (43.9KWh and -8.2USD) when compared to sludge with EPS (SWE) pretreatment (-177.6KWh and -91.23USD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - U Ushani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India; School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Eswari AP, Kavitha S, Banu JR, Karthikeyan OP, Yeom IT. H 2O 2 induced cost effective microwave disintegration of dairy waste activated sludge in acidic environment for efficient biomethane generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:688-697. [PMID: 28818797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the biomethane potential of dairy waste activated sludge (WAS) by H2O2-acidic pH induced microwave disintegration (HAMW-D) pretreatment approach. The results of HAMW-D compared with the microwave disintegration (MW-D) alone for energy and economic factors. In the two phase disintegration process, the H2O2 concentration of about 0.5mg/g SS under acid pH of 5 was found to be optimum for effective dissociation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) matrix. A higher liquefaction of about 46.6% was achieved in HAMW-D when compared to that of MW-D (30%). It subsequently improved the methane yield of about 250mL/g VS in HAMW-D, which was 9.6% higher than MW-D. A net profit of about 49€/ton was achieved for HAMW-D, therefore it is highly recommended for WAS pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Parvathy Eswari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - O Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ick-Tae Yeom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharmila VG, Dhanalakshmi P, Rajesh Banu J, Kavitha S, Gunasekaran M. Effect of deflocculation on photo induced thin layer titanium dioxide disintegration of dairy waste activated sludge for cost and energy efficient methane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:776-784. [PMID: 28822951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the deflocculated sludge was disintegrated through thin layer immobilized titanium dioxide (TiO2) as photocatalyst under solar irradiation. The deflocculation of sludge was carried out by 0.05g/g SS of sodium citrate aiming to facilitate more surface area for subsequent TiO2 mediated disintegration. The proposed mode of disintegration was investigated by varying TiO2 dosage, pH and time. The maximum COD solubilization of 18.4% was obtained in the optimum 0.4g/L of TiO2 dosage with 5.5 pH and exposure time of 40min. Anaerobic assay of disintegrated samples confirms the role of deflocculation as methane yield was found to be higher in deflocculated (235.6mL/gVS) than the flocculated sludge (146.8mL/gVS). Moreover, the proposed method (Net cost for control - Net cost for deflocculation) saves sludge management cost of about $132 with 53.8% of suspended solids (SS) reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - P Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guz R, de Moura C, da Cunha MAA, Rodrigues MB. Factorial design application in photocatalytic wastewater degradation from TNT industry-red water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6055-6060. [PMID: 27005279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In trinitrotoluene (TNT) purification process, realized in industries, there are two washes carried out at the end of the procedure. The first is performed with vaporized water, from which the first effluent, called yellow water, is originated. Then, a second wash is performed using sodium sulfite, generating the red water effluent. The objective of this work was to get the best conditions for photocatalytic degradation of the second effluent, red water, in order to reduce toxicity and adjust legal parameters according to regulatory agencies for dumping these effluents into waterways. It has used a statistical evaluation for factor interaction (pH, concentration) that affects heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2). Thus, the treatment applied in the factorial experimental design consisted of using a volume equal to 500 mL of the effluent to 0.1 % by batch treatment, which has changed TiO2 pH and concentration, according to the design, with 20 min time for evaluation, where it was used as response to the reduction of UV-Vis absorption. According to the design responses, it has obtained optimum values for the parameters evaluated: pH = 6.5 and concentration of 100 mg/L of TiO2 were shown to be efficient when applied to red water effluent, obtaining approximately 91 % of discoloration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Guz
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina-IFSC, Campus Caçador. Av. Fahdo Thomé, 3000, Champagnat, CEP 89500-000, Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane de Moura
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR, Câmpus Pato Branco. Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Alves da Cunha
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR, Câmpus Pato Branco. Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcio Barreto Rodrigues
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR, Câmpus Pato Branco. Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye C, Yuan H, Dai X, Lou Z, Zhu N. Electrochemical pretreatment of waste activated sludge: effect of process conditions on sludge disintegration degree and methane production. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2935-2944. [PMID: 27058022 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) requires a long digestion time because of a rate-limiting hydrolysis step - the first phase of anaerobic digestion (AD). Pretreatment can be used prior to AD to facilitate the hydrolysis step and improve the efficiency of WAS digestion. This study evaluated a novel application of electrochemical (EC) technology employed as the pretreatment method prior to AD of WAS, focusing on the effect of process conditions on sludge disintegration and subsequent AD process. A superior process condition of EC pretreatment was obtained by reaction time of 30 min, electrolysis voltage of 20 V, and electrode distance of 5 cm, under which the disintegration degree of WAS ranged between 9.02% and 9.72%. In the subsequent batch AD tests, 206 mL/g volatile solid (VS) methane production in EC pretreated sludge was obtained, which was 20.47% higher than that of unpretreated sludge. The AD time was 19 days shorter for EC pretreated sludge compared to the unpretreated sludge. Additionally, the EC + AD reactor achieved 41.84% of VS removal at the end of AD. The analysis of energy consumption showed that EC pretreatment could be effective in enhancing sludge AD with reduced energy consumption when compared to other pretreatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Ye
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- b National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kavitha S, Rajesh Banu J, Subitha G, Ushani U, Yeom IT. Impact of thermo-chemo-sonic pretreatment in solubilizing waste activated sludge for biogas production: Energetic analysis and economic assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:479-486. [PMID: 27521784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of solubilization during thermo-chemo-sonic pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) on anaerobic biodegradability and cost for biogas production. The results revealed that it was possible to achieve 40-50% of solubilization of WAS when ultrasonic energy input was doubled (11,520-27,000kJ/kgTS). The cost to achieve 30-35% of solubilization of WAS was calculated to be 0.22-0.24USD/L, which was relatively lower than the cost of 0.53-0.8USD/L when 40-50% of solubilisation of WAS was achieved. There was no significant difference in biodegradability (0.60-0.64gCOD/gCOD) for samples with solubilization efficiency of 35-50%. Comparing energetic balance and economic assessment of samples with different solubilization percentages, the results showed that samples with 30-35% of solubilization had lower net cost (7.98-2.33USD/Ton of sludge) and negative energy balance compared to samples with other percentages of solubilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - G Subitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - U Ushani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Graduate School of Water Resource, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kavitha S, Rajesh Banu J, Vinoth Kumar J, Rajkumar M. Improving the biogas production performance of municipal waste activated sludge via disperser induced microwave disintegration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:21-27. [PMID: 26897472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of disperser induced microwave pretreatment was investigated to analyze the proficiency of floc disruption on subsequent disintegration and biodegradability process. Initially, the flocs in the sludge was disrupted through disperser at a specific energy input of 25.3kJ/kgTS. The upshot of the microwave disintegration presents that the solids reduction and solubilization of floc disrupted (disperser induced microwave pretreated) sludge was found to be 17.33% and 22% relatively greater than that achieved in microwave pretreated (9.3% and 16%) sludge alone. The biodegradability analysis, affords an evaluation of parameter confidence and correlation determination. The eventual biodegradability of microwave pretreated, and floc disrupted sludges were computed to be 0.15(gCOD/gCOD) and 0.28(gCOD/gCOD), respectively. An economic assessment of this study offers a positive net profit of about 104.8USD/ton of sludge in floc disrupted sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - J Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Rajkumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| |
Collapse
|