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Kavya M, Krishnan R, Suvachan A, Sathyan S, Tozuka Y, Kadota K, Nisha P. The art and science of porous starch: understanding the preparation method and structure-function relationship. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38768041 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2352548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Porous starch (PS), a modified form of starch with unique properties, is attracting substantial attention for its diverse advantages and applications. Its intricate porous structure, crystalline and amorphous characteristics, and hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties stem from pore formation via physical, chemical, enzymatic, and combined synergistic methods. Porous starch offers benefits like improved gelatinization temperature, water absorption, increased surface area, tunable crystallinity, and enhanced functional properties, making it appealing for diverse food industry applications. To optimize its properties, determining the parameters governing porous structure formation is crucial. Factors such as processing conditions, starch source, and modification methods substantially impact porosity and the overall characteristics of the material. Understanding and controlling these parameters allows customization for specific applications, from pharmaceutical drug delivery systems to enhancing texture and moisture retention in food products. To date, studies shedding light on how porosity formation can be fine-tuned for specific applications are fewer. This review critically assesses the existing reports on porous starch, focusing on how preparation methods affect porosity formation, thereby influencing the product's crystallinity/hydrophilic-hydrophobic nature and overall applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kavya
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Reshma Krishnan
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
| | - Abhijith Suvachan
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sannya Sathyan
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - P Nisha
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Hou C, Zhou C, Li N, Song Y, You X, Zhao J, Zhou X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Interaction Effects between the Main Components of Protein-Rich Biomass during Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7826-7837. [PMID: 38653213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The interaction effects between the main components (proteins (P), carbohydrates (C), and lipids (L)) of protein-rich biomass during microwave-assisted pyrolysis were investigated in depth with an exploration of individual pyrolysis and copyrolysis (PC, PL, and CL) of model compounds. The average heating rate of P was higher than those of C and L, and the interactions in all copyrolysis groups reduced the max instant heating rate. The synergistic extent (S) of PC and PL for bio-oil yield was 16.78 and 18.24%, respectively, indicating that the interactions promoted the production of bio-oil. Besides, all of the copyrolysis groups exhibited a synergistic effect on biochar production (S = 19.43-28.24%), while inhibiting the gas generation, with S ranging from -20.17 to -6.09%. Regarding the gaseous products, apart from H2, P, C, and L primarily generated CO2, CO, and CH4, respectively. Regarding bio-oil composition, the interactions occurring within PC, PL, and CL exhibited a significantly synergistic effect (S = 47.81-412.96%) on the formation of N-heterocyclics/amides, amides/nitriles, and acids/esters, respectively. Finally, the favorable applicability of the proposed interaction effects was verified with microalgae. This study offers valuable insights for understanding the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass, laying the groundwork for further research and process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbo Song
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Shanghai Rural Revitalization Research Center, Shanghai 200002, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, P. R. China
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Janardhana K, Sowmya Dhanalakshmi C, Thilagham KT, Chinnaiyan SK, Jai Shanker Pillai HP, Sathish T, Ağbulut Ü, Palani K, De Poures MV. Experimental investigation on utilization of Sesbania grandiflora residues through thermochemical conversion process for the production of value added chemicals and biofuels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7283. [PMID: 38538627 PMCID: PMC10973372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
All the countries in the world are now searching for renewable, environmentally friendly alternative fuels due to the shortage and environmental problems related with the usage of conventional fuels. The cultivation of cereal and noncereal crops through agricultural activities produces waste biomasses, which are being evaluated as renewable and viable fossil fuel substitutes. The thermochemical properties and thermal degradation behavior of Sesbania grandiflora residues were investigated for this work. A fluidized bed reactor was used for fast pyrolysis in order to produce pyrolysis oil, char and gas. Investigations were done to analyze the effect of operating parameters such as temperature (350-550 °C), particle size (0.5-2.0 mm), sweeping gas flow rate (1.5-2.25 m3/h). The maximum of pyrolysis oil (44.7 wt%), was obtained at 425 °C for 1.5 mm particle size at the sweep gas flow rate of 2.0 m3/h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used to examine the composition of the pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil is rich with aliphatic, aromatic, phenolic, and some acidic chemicals. The physical characteristics of pyrolysis oil showed higher heating value of 19.76 MJ/kg. The char and gaseous components were also analyzed to find its suitability as a fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedri Janardhana
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Dayalbagh, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282005, India
| | - C Sowmya Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
| | - K T Thilagham
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachaanari, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - H P Jai Shanker Pillai
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Downtown University, Panikahiti, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
| | - T Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ümit Ağbulut
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Kumaran Palani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wolaito Sodo University, P. O. Box No. 138, Soddo, Ethiopia.
| | - Melvin Victor De Poures
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Qi G, Pan Z, Zhang X, Wang H, Chang S, Wang B, Gao B. Novel pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide enhanced microwave biochar for heavy metals adsorption: Characterization and adsorption performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140580. [PMID: 38303392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (HP) was used to pretreat wheat straw (WS) for microwave biochar production at 100-600 W, the physicochemical properties of pretreated WS and biochar products as well as heavy metals adsorption performance were investigated. Results showed that HP enhanced specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV) of WS, and the largest SSA (190.35 m2 g-1) and PV (0.1493 cm3 g-1) of biochar were obtained at microwave powers of 600 W (HPWS600) and 500 W (HPWS500), respectively. HPWS500 showed maximum adsorption capacities, which were 57.56, 190.21, and 65.16 mg g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, respectively. Solution pH values and cation concentrations exhibited significant effects on adsorption capacities of biochar. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models fitted better for metal adsorption process. The FTIR results suggested that chemisorption mechanisms including precipitation with carbonate and complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups might be predominant adsorption mechanisms. These results suggest that HP pretreatment has excellent potential for biochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdou Qi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Zhifei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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5
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Li X, Zeng J, Zuo S, Lin S, Chen G. Preparation, Modification, and Application of Biochar in the Printing Field: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5081. [PMID: 37512355 PMCID: PMC10386302 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a solid material enriched with carbon produced by the thermal transformation of organic raw materials under anoxic or anaerobic conditions. It not only has various environmental benefits including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving soil fertility, and sequestering atmospheric carbon, but also has the advantages of abundant precursors, low cost, and wide potential applications, thus gaining widespread attention. In recent years, researchers have been exploring new biomass precursors, improving and developing new preparation methods, and searching for more high-value and meaningful applications. Biochar has been extensively researched and utilized in many fields, and recently, it has also shown good industrial application prospects and potential application value in the printing field. In such a context, this article summarizes the typical preparation and modification methods of biochar, and also reviews its application in the printing field, to provide a reference for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuai Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Saiting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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6
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Fan S, Cui L, Li H, Guang M, Liu H, Qiu T, Zhang Y. Value-added biochar production from microwave pyrolysis of peanut shell. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to seek efficient resource utilization, the carbonization of agricultural and forestry wastes through microwave pyrolysis technology is an important research hotspot to develop value-added products. The main objective is to produce value-added biochar through microwave pyrolysis of peanut shell in this study. The product yields, functional groups, and biochar HHVs caused by pyrolysis temperature (400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C), microwave power (350, 450, 550, 650, and 750 W), and residence time (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) were investigated, and the energy recovery efficiencies were evaluated. It was obtained that the biochar yield declined monotonously within the range of 45.3–86.0 wt% with the enhancement of pyrolysis temperature, microwave power, or residence time. The pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, microwave power of 350 W, and residence time of 10 min generated the maximum biochar yield (86.0 wt%). The value-added biochar was obtained with high HHV (20.15–31.02 MJ/kg) and abundant oxygen-contained functional groups (C–O bonds and C=O bonds). The maximum energy recovery efficiency during the whole process reached 97.96%. The results indicated that the peanut shell could reach high biochar yield through microwave pyrolysis, and potentially be transformed into value-added products with high energy recovery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Fan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Longfei Cui
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Thermal Engineering , Shandong Jianzhu University , Jinan 250101 , China
| | - Mengmeng Guang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Tianhao Qiu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
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7
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Vuppaladadiyam SSV, Sahoo A, Murugavelh S, Anthony E, Bhaskar T, Zheng Y, Zhao M, Duan H, Zhao Y, Antunes E, Sarmah AK, Leu SY. Bio-oil and biochar from the pyrolytic conversion of biomass: A current and future perspective on the trade-off between economic, environmental, and technical indicators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159155. [PMID: 36206897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the transformation of biomass into a plethora of renewable value-added products has been identified as a promising strategy to fulfil high energy demands, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and exploit under-utilized resources. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) are essential to scale up this process while lowering the conversion cost. In this study, trade-offs are made between economic, environmental, and technical indicators produced from these methodologies to better evaluate the commercialization potential of biomass pyrolysis. This research emphasizes the necessity of combining LCA and TEA variables to assess the performance of the early-stage technology and associated constraints. The important findings based on the LCA analysis imply that most of the studies reported in literature focussed on the global warming potentials (GWP) under environmental category by considering greenhouse gases (GHGs) as evaluation parameter, neglecting many other important environmental indices. In addition, the upstream and downstream processes play an important role in understanding the life cycle impacts of a biomass based biorefinery. Under upstream conditions, the use of a specific type of feedstock may influence the LCA conclusions and technical priority. Under downstream conditions, the product utilization as fuels in different energy backgrounds is crucial to the overall impact potentials of the pyrolysis systems. In view of the TEA analysis, investigations towards maximizing the yield of valuable co-products would play an important role in the commercialization of pyrolysis process. However, comprehensive research to compare the conventional, advanced, and emerging approaches of biomass pyrolysis from the economic perspective is currently not available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Krishna Vuppaladadiyam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | | | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S Murugavelh
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Edward Anthony
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Center of Biogas Centralized Utilization, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huabo Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Elsa Antunes
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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Pastre MMG, Cunha DL, Marques M. Design of biomass-based composite photocatalysts for wastewater treatment: a review over the past decade and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9103-9126. [PMID: 36441319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This investigation applied a systematic review approach on publications covering primary data during 2012-2022 with a focus on photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in aqueous solution by composite materials synthesized with biomass and, at least, TiO2 and/or ZnO semiconductors to form biomass-based composite photocatalysts (BCPs). After applying a set of eligibility criteria, 107 studies including 832 observations/entries were analyzed. The average removal efficiency and degradation kinetic rate reported for all model pollutants and BCPs were 77.5 ± 21.5% and 0.064 ± 0.174 min-1, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze BCPs synthesis methods, experimental conditions, and BCPs' characteristics correlated with the removal efficiency and photodegradation kinetics. The relevance of adsorption processes on the pollutants' removal efficiency was highlighted by PCA applied to all categories of pollutants (PCA_pol). The PCA applied to textile dyes (PCA_dyes) and pharmaceutical compounds (PCA_pharma) also indicate the influence of variables related to the composite synthesis (i.e., thermal treatment and time spent on BCPs synthesis) and photocatalytic experimental parameters (catalyst concentration, pollutant concentration, and irradiation time) on the degradation kinetic accomplished by BCPs. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis (PCA_pol) revealed that the specific surface area and the narrow band gap are key characteristics for BCPs to serve as a competitive photocatalyst. The effect of scavengers on pollutants' degradation and the recyclability of BCPs are also discussed, as necessary aspects for scalability trends. Further investigations are recommended to compare the performance of BCPs and commercial catalysts, as well as to assess the costs to treat real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M G Pastre
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Deivisson Lopes Cunha
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
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9
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Utilization of camellia oleifera shell for production of valuable products by pyrolysis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Process optimization and technoeconomic environmental assessment of biofuel produced by solar powered microwave pyrolysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12572. [PMID: 35869088 PMCID: PMC9307767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave pyrolysis of corn stover has been optimized by Response surface methodology under different microwave power (500, 700, and 900 W) and three ratios of activated carbon additive (10, 15, and 20%) for obtaining maximum bio-oil yield followed by biochar. The optimal result has been evaluated and the environmental and techno-economic impacts of using solar-powered microwave heating have been tested. The optimal pyrolysis condition found to be 700 W microwave power and 10% of activated carbon. The yields of both bio-oil and biochar were about 74 wt% under optimal condition. The higher heat values of 26 MJ/kg and 16 MJ/kg were respectively achieved for biochar and bio-oil. The major components of bio-oil were hydrocarbons (36%) and phenols (28%) with low oxygen-containing compounds (2%) and acids (2%). Using the solar-powered system, 20,549 tonnes of CO2 can be mitigated over the lifetime of the set-up, resulting in USD 51,373 in carbon credit earnings, compared to 16,875 tonnes of CO2 mitigation and USD 42,167 in carbon credit earnings from a grid electricity system. The payback periods for solar-powered and grid-connected electrical systems are estimated to be 1.6 and 0.5 years, respectively, based on biochar and bio-oil income of USD 39,700 and USD 45,400.
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11
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Vuppaladadiyam SSV, Awasthi A, Sahoo A, Rehman S, Pant KK, Murugavelh S, Huang Q, Anthony E, Fennel P, Bhattacharya S, Leu SY. Biomass pyrolysis: A review on recent advancements and green hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128087. [PMID: 36216287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass pyrolysis has recently gained increasing attention as a thermochemical conversion process for obtaining value-added products, thanks to the development of cutting-edge, innovative and cost-effective pyrolysis processes. Over time, new and novel pyrolysis techniques have emerged, and these processes can be tuned to maximize the production of high-quality hydrogen. This review examines recent advancements in biomass pyrolysis by classifying them into conventional, advanced and emerging approaches. A comprehensive overview on the recent advancements in biomass pyrolysis, highlighting the current status for industrial applications is presented. Further, the impact of each technique under different approaches on conversion of biomass for hydrogen production is evaluated. Techniques, such as inline catalytic pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis, etc., can be employed for the sustainable production of hydrogen. Finally, the techno-economic analysis is presented to understand the viability of pyrolysis at large scale. The outlook highlights discernments into future directions, aimed to overcome the current shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abhishek Awasthi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S Murugavelh
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Edward Anthony
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Paul Fennel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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12
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin pyrolysis: pyrolytic behavior, mechanism, and relevant upgrading for improving process efficiency. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:106. [PMID: 36221137 PMCID: PMC9552425 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a promising alternative to traditional fossil resources for producing biofuels due to its aromaticity and renewability. Pyrolysis is an efficient technology to convert lignin to valuable chemicals, which is beneficial for improving lignin valorization. In this review, pyrolytic behaviors of various lignin were included, as well as the pyrolytic mechanism consisting of initial, primary, and charring stages were also introduced. Several parallel reactions, such as demethoxylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation of lignin side chains to form light gases, major lignin structure decomposition to generate phenolic compounds, and polymerization of active lignin intermediates to yield char, can be observed through the whole pyrolysis process. Several parameters, such as pyrolytic temperature, time, lignin type, and functional groups (hydroxyl, methoxy), were also investigated to figure out their effects on lignin pyrolysis. On the other hand, zeolite-driven lignin catalytic pyrolysis and lignin co-pyrolysis with other hydrogen-rich co-feedings were also introduced for improving process efficiency to produce more aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). During the pyrolysis process, phenolic compounds and/or AHs can be produced, showing promising applications in biochemical intermediates and biofuel additives. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives for lignin pyrolysis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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13
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Poornima S, Manikandan S, Karthik V, Balachandar R, Subbaiya R, Saravanan M, Lan Chi NT, Pugazhendhi A. Emerging nanotechnology based advanced techniques for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135050. [PMID: 35623429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing trend of industrialization leads to tremendous release of industrial effluents. Waste water treatment is one of the important sectors to focus in order to overcome the most threatening issue of waste disposal and to ensure sustainability. Sustainable and energy efficient treatment methods are the attractive technologies for their current implementation of waste management. Even though the existing technologies are effective, unsustainability makes them unfit for their extended applications. Conventional and advanced technologies have been extensively implemented for the treatment of wide spectrum of effluents. Hybrid technologies including chemical and biological methods also emerging as promising technologies but secondary sludge generation is still unaddressed. Even though effectiveness of biochar varies over type of contaminants, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature extended their applications in waste management. Nanotechnology and membrane technology are the promising and emerging areas of interest due to their widespread applications in waste water treatment. Carbon nano structures, nano filters, graphene, nano magnets modified with activated carbon are the potential candidates for the treatment. The present review demonstrates the emerging treatment technologies with special focus to nano based waste water treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Poornima
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasubramanian Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivekanandhan Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Balachandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Aranvoyalkuppam, Poonamallee - Tiruvallur Road, Tiruvallur, 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box: 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600007, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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14
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Lai WL, Sharma S, Roy S, Maji PK, Sharma B, Ramakrishna S, Goh KL. Roadmap to sustainable plastic waste management: a focused study on recycling PET for triboelectric nanogenerator production in Singapore and India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51234-51268. [PMID: 35604599 PMCID: PMC9125019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the implications of plastic waste and recycling management on recyclates for manufacturing clean-energy harvesting devices. The focus is on a comparative analysis of using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) production, in two densely populated Asian countries of large economies, namely Singapore and India. Of the total 930,000 tonnes of plastic waste generated in Singapore in 2019, only 4% were recycled and the rest were incinerated. In comparison, India yielded 8.6 million tonnes of plastic waste and 70% were recycled. Both countries have strict recycling goals and have instituted different waste and recycling management regulations. The findings show that the waste policies and legislations, responsibilities and heterogeneity in collection systems and infrastructure of the respective country are the pivotal attributes to successful recycling. Challenges to recycle plastic include segregation, adulterants and macromolecular structure degradation which could influence the recyclate properties and pose challenges for manufacturing products. A model was developed to evaluate the economic value and mechanical potential of PET recyclate. The model predicted a 30% loss of material performance and a 65% loss of economic value after the first recycling cycle. The economic value depreciates to zero with decreasing mechanical performance of plastic after multiple recycling cycles. For understanding how TENG technology could be incorporated into the circular economy, a model has estimated about 20 million and 7300 billion pieces of aerogel mats can be manufactured from the PET bottles disposed in Singapore and India, respectively which were sufficient to produce small-scale TENG devices for all peoples in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang Lai
- Newcastle Research & Innovation Institute Singapore (NewRIIS), 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04, Singapore, 609607, Singapore.
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Shreya Sharma
- Newcastle Research & Innovation Institute Singapore (NewRIIS), 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04, Singapore, 609607, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sunanda Roy
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247001, India.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India.
| | - Pradip Kumar Maji
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 247001, India
| | - Bhasha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Newcastle Research & Innovation Institute Singapore (NewRIIS), 80 Jurong East Street 21, #05-04, Singapore, 609607, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Abstract
Polymers and plastics are crucial materials in many sectors of our economy, due to their numerous advantages. They also have some disadvantages, among the most important are problems with the recycling and disposal of used plastics. The recovery of waste plastics is increasing every year, but over 27% of plastics are landfilled. The rest is recycled, where, unfortunately, incineration is still the most common management method. From an economic perspective, waste management methods that lead to added-value products are most preferred—as in the case of material and chemical recycling. Since chemical recycling can be used for difficult wastes (poorly selected, contaminated), it seems to be the most effective way of managing these materials. Moreover, as a result this of kind of recycling, it is possible to obtain commercially valuable products, such as fractions for fuel composition and monomers for the reproduction of polymers. This review focuses on various liquefaction technologies as a prospective recycling method for three types of plastic waste: PE, PP and PS.
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16
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Li C, Yuan X, Sun Z, Suvarna M, Hu X, Wang X, Ok YS. Pyrolysis of waste surgical masks into liquid fuel and its life-cycle assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126582. [PMID: 34953989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of the middle layer of a surgical mask (MLM) and inner and outer layers of a surgical mask (IOM) was performed to assess their potential valorization as waste-to-energy feedstocks, and the characteristics of the resulting products were investigated. Pyrolysis of the main organics in waste surgical masks occurred at a very narrow temperature range of 456-466 °C. The main product was carbon-rich and oxygen-deficient liquid oil with a high heating value (HHV) of 43.5 MJ/kg. From the life-cycle perspective, environmental benefits and advantages of this upcycling approach were verified compared with conventional waste management approaches. This study advocated the potential application of waste surgical masks as feedstocks for fuels and energy, which is beneficial to mitigate plastic pollution and achieve sustainable plastic waste-to-energy upcycling, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiangzhou Yuan
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; R&D Centre, Sun Brand Industrial Inc., Jeollanam-do 57248, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziying Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Manu Suvarna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Putra PHM, Rozali S, Patah MFA, Idris A. A review of microwave pyrolysis as a sustainable plastic waste management technique. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 303:114240. [PMID: 34902653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high demand for plastic has led to plastic waste accumulation, improper disposal and environmental pollution. Even though some of this waste is recycled, most ends up in landfills or flows down rivers into the oceans. Therefore, researchers are now exploring better ways to solve the plastic waste management problem. From a socio-economic perspective, there is also a concerted effort to enable energy recovery from plastic waste and convert it into useful products to generate income for targeted segments of the population. In fact, this concept of waste-to-wealth has been adopted by the United Nations as part of its Sustainable Development Goals strategies. The current article begins by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of plastic recycling before focusing specifically on microwave pyrolysis as an alternative to conventional technologies in plastic waste management, due to its benefit in providing fast and energy-efficient heating. The key parameters that are reviewed in this paper include different types of plastic, types of absorbent, temperatures, microwave power, residence time, and catalysts. The yield of the final product (oil, gaseous and char) varies depending on the main process parameters. Key challenges and limitations of microwave pyrolysis are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aida Idris
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
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18
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Zhang S, Jin C, Sheng K, Zhang X. Mechanistic investigation of cellulose formate to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in DMSO-H2O. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Sustainable synthesis of rose flower-like magnetic biochar from tea waste for environmental applications. J Adv Res 2022; 34:13-27. [PMID: 35024178 PMCID: PMC8655236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biochar utilization for adsorption seems to be the most cost-effective, easy/fast approach for pollutants removal from water and wastewater. Due to the high adsorption properties, magnetic biochar proved to be efficient in the sorption of heavy metals and nutrients. Although there are several studies on development of magnetic biochars, there is a lack of research on development of high-performance magnetic biochar from food waste for removal applications. Objectives This study aimed at preparing new classes of magnetic biochar derived from tea waste (TBC) for removal of heavy metals (Ni2+, Co2+), and nutrients (NH4+ and PO43−) from water and effective fertilizer (source of NH4+ and PO43−). Methods Standard carbonization process and ultrafast microwave have been used for fabrication of TBCs. The removal of nickel, cobalt as the representatives of heavy metals, and over-enriched nutrients (NH4+ and PO43−) from water were tested and the removal kinetics, mechanism, and the effect of pH, dissolved organic matter and ionic strength were studied. Simultaneously, possible fertilizing effect of TBC for controlled release of nutrients (NH4+ and PO43−) in soil was investigated. Results Up to 147.84 mg g−1 of Ni2+ and 160.00 mg g−1 of Co2+ were adsorbed onto tested biochars. The process of co-adsorption was also efficient (at least 131.68 mg g−1 of Co2+ and 160.00 mg g−1 of Ni2+). The highest adsorbed amount of NH4+ was 49.43 mg g−1, and the highest amount of PO43− was 112.61 mg g−1. The increase of the solution ionic strength and the presence of natural organic matter affected both the amount of adsorbed Ni2++Co2+ and the reaction mechanism. Conclusions The results revealed that magnetic nanoparticle impregnated onto tea biochar, can be a very promising alternative for wastewater treatment especially considering removal of heavy metals and nutrients and slow-release fertilizer to improve the composition of soil elements.
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Sivagami K, Kumar KV, Tamizhdurai P, Govindarajan D, Kumar M, Nambi I. Conversion of plastic waste into fuel oil using zeolite catalysts in a bench-scale pyrolysis reactor. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7612-7620. [PMID: 35424760 PMCID: PMC8982165 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste to fuel oil experiment was tested with ZSM-5 zeolite (commercial and synthesized) catalysts along with other catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnasamy Sivagami
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
- Industrial Ecology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keshav V. Kumar
- Samudhyoga Waste Chakra Private Limited, IIT Madras Research Park, Tharamani, Chennai-600 113, India
| | - Perumal Tamizhdurai
- Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), E.V.R. Periyar Road, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 106, India
| | - Dhivakar Govindarajan
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Madhiyazhagan Kumar
- Samudhyoga Waste Chakra Private Limited, IIT Madras Research Park, Tharamani, Chennai-600 113, India
| | - Indumathi Nambi
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
- Samudhyoga Waste Chakra Private Limited, IIT Madras Research Park, Tharamani, Chennai-600 113, India
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21
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Jumrat S, Punvichai T, Sae-jie W, Karrila S, Pianroj Y. Simple microwave pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass (oil palm shell) with activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash catalysts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The important parameters characterizing microwave pyrolysis kinetics, namely the activation energy (E
a) and the rate constant pre-exponential factor (A), were investigated for oil palm shell mixed with activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash as microwave absorbers, using simple lab-scale equipment. These parameters were estimated for the Kissinger model. The estimates for E
a ranged within 31.55–58.04 kJ mol−1 and for A within 6.40E0–6.84E+1 s−1, in good agreement with prior studies that employed standard techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The E
a and A were used with the Arrhenius reaction rate equation, solved by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The statistical parameters coefficient of determination (R
2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to verify the good fit of simulation to the experimental results. The best fit had R
2 = 0.900 and RMSE = 4.438, respectively, for MW pyrolysis at power 440 W for OPS with AC as MW absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saysunee Jumrat
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
- High-Value Integrated Oleochemical Research Center, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
| | - Teerasak Punvichai
- High-Value Integrated Oleochemical Research Center, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
- Faculty of Innovation Agriculture and Fisheries Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
| | - Wichuta Sae-jie
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
| | - Seppo Karrila
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
| | - Yutthapong Pianroj
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
- High-Value Integrated Oleochemical Research Center, Prince of Songkla University Suratthani Campus , Muang , Surat-Thani , 84000 , Thailand
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22
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Nazarkovsky M, Czech B, Żmudka A, Bogatyrov VM, Artiushenko O, Zaitsev V, Saint-Pierre TD, Rocha RC, Kai J, Xing Y, Gonçalves WD, Veiga AG, Rocco MLM, Safeer SH, Galaburda MV, Carozo V, Aucélio RQ, Caraballo-Vivas RJ, Oranska OI, Dupont J. Structural, optical and catalytic properties of ZnO-SiO2 colored powders with the visible light-driven activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Chen C, Qi Q, Zhao J, Zeng T, Fan D, Qin Y. Study on microwave pyrolysis and production characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris using different compound additives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125857. [PMID: 34523553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis characteristics and bio-oil of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated under SiC and ZnO (SZ) mixture (compound additive) with various mixing ratios (S/Z = 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) and addition amounts (5%, 10%, 15%) by thermogravimetric analysis and GC-MS. At three experimental groups of 10% compound additive, as ZnO in compound additive increased, maximum weight loss rate (Rp) increased, the time (tp) corresponding to Rp and the weight stabilization time (tf) first decreased and then increased, while average rate of weight loss (Ra) and total weight loss (M) first increased and then decreased; maximum temperature rising rate (Hx) and average rate of temperature rising (Hg) increased, while the time (tx) corresponding to Hx decreased. Compound additives reduced the bio-oil yield, increased the gas yield, and reduced the acid compounds in bio-oil. Besides, it might promote the production of alicyclic hydrocarbons and oxygen/nitrogen-containing long-chain compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning City 530004, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou City 510640, China.
| | - Qianhao Qi
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Tianyang Zeng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Dianzhao Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Yuemei Qin
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
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Thermal Analysis Technologies for Biomass Feedstocks: A State-of-the-Art Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective analytical technique for biomass characterisation is inevitable for biomass utilisation in energy production. To improve biomass processing, various thermal conversion methods such as torrefaction, pyrolysis, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification have been widely used to improve biomass processing. Thermogravimetric analysers (TG) and gas chromatography (GC) are among the most fundamental analytical techniques utilised in biomass thermal analysis. Thus, GC and TG, in combination with MS, FTIR, or two-dimensional analysis, were used to examine the key parameters of biomass feedstock and increase the productivity of energy crops. We can also determine the optimal ratio for combining two separate biomass or coals during co-pyrolysis and co-gasification to achieve the best synergetic relationship. This review discusses thermochemical conversion processes such as torrefaction, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification. Then, the thermochemical conversion of biomass using TG and GC is discussed in detail. The usual emphasis on the various applications of biomass or bacteria is also discussed in the comparison of the TG and GC. Finally, this study investigates the application of technologies for analysing the composition and developed gas from the thermochemical processing of biomass feedstocks.
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Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters Using Microwave toward Structural Properties of ZnO/CNS Intermediate and Application of ZnCr2O4/CNS Final Product for Dark Degradation of Pesticide in Wet Paddy Soil. CHEMENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide is a pollution problem in agriculture. The usage of ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 as additive in liquid fertilizer has potency for catalytic pesticide degradation. Colloid condition is needed for easy spraying. Rice husk and sawdust were used as carbon precursor and ZnCl2 as activator. The biomass–ZnCl2 mixtures were pyrolyzed using microwave (400–800 W, 50 min). The products were dispersed in water by blending then evaporated to obtain ZnO/CNS. The composites were reacted with KOH, CrCl3·6H2O, more ZnCl2, and little water by microwave (600 W, 5 min). The ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 were used for degradation of buthylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) in wet deactivated paddy soil. TOC was measured using TOC meter. The FTIR spectra of the ZnO/CNS composites indicated the completed carbonization except at 800 W without ZnCl2. The X-ray diffractograms of the composites confirmed ZnO/CNS structure. SEM images showed irregular particle shapes for using both biomass. ZnCr2O4/CNS structure was confirmed by XRD as the final product with crystallite size of 74.99 nm. The sawdust produced more stable colloids of CNS and ZnO/CNS composite than the rice husk. The pyrolysis without ZnCl2 formed more stable colloid than with ZnCl2. The ZnCr2O4/CNS from sawdust gave better dark catalytic degradation of BPMC than from rice husk, i.e., 2.5 and 1.6 times larger for 400 and 800 W pyrolysis, respectively.
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26
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Biochar from waste biomass as a biocatalyst for biodiesel production: an overview. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Lin Q, Zhang J, Yin L, Liu H, Zuo W, Tian Y. Relationship between heavy metal consolidation and H 2S removal by biochar from microwave pyrolysis of municipal sludge: effect and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27694-27702. [PMID: 33515143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of pyrolysis byproduct, biochar (BC) on heavy metal consolidation, and H2S removal during and after from microwave pyrolysis of municipal sludge were studied in this paper. The results showed that above 80% of heavy metals (Zn and Pb) were enriched in the biochar and the leaching toxicity of both heavy metals was lower than the national emission standards. The chemical specification analysis found the sum of acid-soluble/exchangeable fraction (F1) and reducible fraction (F2) for Pb and Zn metals decreased by 26 and 40%; however, the residual fraction (F4) increased 33 and 46%, which contributed to the good stabilization of heavy metals in biochar. Besides, biochar achieved high H2S removal efficiency of 78.4% compared with the commercial activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, the biochar prepared by microwave pyrolysis had excellent adsorption performance, which was attributed to its larger specific surface area of 476.87m2/g under nitrogen atmosphere at 650oC compared with traditional pyrolysis. The mechanism analysis showed that microwave pyrolysis resulted in the high alkaline condition and formation of a large number of microparticles containing large metal elements on the biochar surface, which mainly contributed to the stabilization of heavy metals. The metal oxides adsorbed on the surface of biochar can catalyze the oxidation of H2S absorption, which will change the pH atmosphere of biochar reducing the leaching behavior of heavy metals. This study provided the good application potential of solid waste (biochar) for simultaneous heavy metal stabilization and H2S capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linlin Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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Du Z, Chen H, Guo X, Qin L, Lin D, Huo L, Yao Y, Zhang Z. Mechanism and industrial application feasibility analysis on microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of amino-carboxyl functionalized cellulose for enhanced heavy metal removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128833. [PMID: 33183788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study presented the successful microwave-assisted (MW-assisted) preparation of a novel adsorbent derived from rice straw (RSMW-AC) and explored its adsorption performance toward heavy metal ions from water. The RSMW-AC was rapidly synthesized through pretreatment and one step grafting via the MW-assisted approach. The quantitative predictive correlations between target performance of RSMW-AC and process parameters were obtained through the response surface methodology (RSM). Meanwhile, the optimal preparation process conditions were determined: NaOH solution concentration, 20%; MW irradiation temperature for pretreatment, 100 and 150 °C; MW irradiation time for pretreatment and grafting, 10 and 60 min; EDTAD-RS mass ratio, 3. The RSMW-AC showed a good adsorption of different heavy metal ions from water (152.39, 55.46, 52.91, 35.60 and 20.11 mg g-1 for Pb(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ), respectively). The adsorption behaviors followed the Langmuir model and pseudo second-order kinetics model with a highly significant correlation. Also of note was that amino and carboxyl groups were successfully introduced on the rice straw based on characterization results. Furthermore, preparation mechanism was explored to reveal reasons why microwave irradiation could accelerate the preparation of the adsorbent; its adsorption process was dominated by electrostatic attraction and chelation. Finally, the study made the industrial application feasibility analysis of MW-assisted approach used for pretreatment and graft reaction of agro-waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Du
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fukang Road 31, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Hongan Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fukang Road 31, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Li Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fukang Road 31, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Dasong Lin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fukang Road 31, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lili Huo
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fukang Road 31, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fukang Road 31, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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29
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The Potential of Sustainable Biomass Producer Gas as a Waste-to-Energy Alternative in Malaysia. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted worldwide, that the greenhouse effect is by far the most challenging threat in the new century. Renewable energy has been adopted to prevent excessive greenhouse effects, and to enhance sustainable development. Malaysia has a large amount of biomass residue, which provides the country with the much needed support the foreseeable future. This investigation aims to analyze potentials biomass gases from major biomass residues in Malaysia. The potential biomass gasses can be obtained using biomass conversion technologies, including biological and thermo-chemical technologies. The thermo-chemical conversion technology includes four major biomass conversion technologies such as gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, and liquefaction. Biomass wastes can be attained through solid biomass technologies to obtain syngas which includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The formation of tar occurs during the main of biomass conversion reaction such as gasification and pyrolysis. The formation of tar hinders equipment or infrastructure from catalytic aspects, which will be applied to prevent the formation of tar. The emission, combustion, and produced gas reactions were investigated. It will help to contribute the potential challenges and strategies, due to sustainable biomass, to harness resources management systems in Malaysia to reduce the problem of biomass residues and waste.
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30
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Gao Y, Ozel MZ, Dugmore T, Sulaeman A, Matharu AS. A biorefinery strategy for spent industrial ginger waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123400. [PMID: 32763696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An integrated biorefinery approach using spent industrial ginger waste for resource recovery is reported. Valuable products including ginger oil, starch, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), bio-oil and hydrochar were obtained. Approximately 4 % ginger oil, with a profile similar to commercial ginger oil, can be recovered via Soxhlet or Supercritical CO2 + 10 %EtOH extraction. The oil-free ginger residues were processed using two microwave techniques: starch, MFC and sugar-rich hydrolysates were firstly gained through hydrothermal microwave processing (120-200 °C in water alone), whilst chemical-rich bio-oils and energy-dense hydrochar (20-24.5 MJ kg-1) were obtained via conventional microwave pyrolysis (220-280 °C). The ginger MFC exhibited increased propensity to form microfibrillated cellulose (as evidenced by Transmission Electron Microscopy) with increasing temperature. Nanocrystalline cellulose was produced at the highest processing temperature (200 °C). These changes are commensurate with the leaching and decomposition of the amorphous regions within cellulose. The molecules and materials isolated have further downstream applications and, thus, compared to current low value resolution methods (dumping, burning or animal feed), spent industrial ginger waste is a significant resource for consideration within a biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mustafa Z Ozel
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tom Dugmore
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Allyn Sulaeman
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Avtar S Matharu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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31
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Abstract
The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for renewable energy is a global concern. Pyrolysis is one of the thermal treatments for biomass wastes that results in the production of liquid, solid and gaseous products. Unfortunately, the complex structure of the biomass materials matrix needs elevated heating to convert these materials into useful products. Microwave heating is a promising alternative to conventional heating approaches. Recently, it has been widely used in pyrolysis due to easy operation and its high heating rate. This review tries to identify the microwave-assisted pyrolysis treatment process fundamentals and discusses various key operating parameters which have an effect on product yield. It was found that several operating parameters govern this process such as microwave power and the degree of temperature, microwave absorber addition and its concentration, initial moisture content, initial sweep gas flow rate/residence time. Moreover, this study highlighted the most attractive products of the microwave pyrolysis process. These products include synthesis gas, bio-char, and bio-oil. The benefits and challenges of microwave heating are discussed.
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32
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Francis Prashanth P, Midhun Kumar M, Vinu R. Analytical and microwave pyrolysis of empty oil palm fruit bunch: Kinetics and product characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123394. [PMID: 32361644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on kinetics and product distribution from untreated empty oil palm fruit bunch (EOPFB) biomass and treated EOPFB using analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and microwave pyrolysis. Industrial water wash led to significant reduction in ash content of EOPFB from 5.9 wt% to 0.7 wt%. Isothermal mass loss data collected in the temperature range of 400-700 °C showed that fast pyrolysis in the Pyroprobe® reactor followed diffusion-controlled kinetics with apparent activation energies of 30.4 and 39.6 kJ mol-1 for untreated and treated EOPFB, respectively. Analytical pyrolysis of untreated EOPFB resulted in high selectivity to fatty acids, while phenolics dominated the pyrolysates from treated EOPFB. The selectivities to phenolic compounds were 74% and 57% from treated and untreated EOPFB, respectively, via microwave pyrolysis. The higher heating values of bio-crude from microwave pyrolysis of untreated and treated EOPFB were 30.1 and 29.7 MJ kg-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Francis Prashanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M Midhun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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33
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Xiang W, Zhang X, Chen J, Zou W, He F, Hu X, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Gao B. Biochar technology in wastewater treatment: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126539. [PMID: 32220719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising agent for wastewater treatment, soil remediation, and gas storage and separation. This review summarizes recent research development on biochar production and applications with a focus on the application of biochar technology in wastewater treatment. Different technologies for biochar production, with an emphasis on pre-treatment of feedstock and post treatment, are succinctly summarized. Biochar has been extensively used as an adsorbent to remove toxic metals, organic pollutants, and nutrients from wastewater. Compared to pristine biochar, engineered/designer biochar generally has larger surface area, stronger adsorption capacity, or more abundant surface functional groups (SFG), which represents a new type of carbon material with great application prospects in various wastewater treatments. As the first of its kind, this critical review emphasizes the promising prospects of biochar technology in the treatment of various wastewater including industrial wastewater (dye, battery manufacture, and dairy wastewater), municipal wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and stormwater. Future research on engineered/designer biochar production and its field-scale application is discussed. Based on the review, it can be concluded that biochar technology represents a new, cost effective, and environmentally-friendly solution for the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA
| | - Weixin Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Center of Material Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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34
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Biomass Pyrolysis Technology by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis and Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aggravation of the energy crisis and environmental problems, biomass resource, as a renewable carbon resource, has received great attention. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising technology, which can convert solid biomass into high value liquid fuel, bio-char and syngas. Catalyst plays a vital role in the rapid pyrolysis, which can increase the yield and selectivity of aromatics and other products in bio-oil. In this paper, the traditional zeolite catalysts and metal modified zeolite catalysts used in CFP are summarized. The influence of the catalysts on the yield and selectivity of the product obtained from pyrolysis was discussed. The deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst were discussed. Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) are new technologies developed in traditional pyrolysis technology. CCP improves the problem of hydrogen deficiency in the biomass pyrolysis process and raises the yield and character of pyrolysis products, through the co-feeding of biomass and hydrogen-rich substances. The pyrolysis reactions of biomass and polymers (plastics and waste tires) in CCP were reviewed to obtain the influence of co-pyrolysis on composition and selectivity of pyrolysis products. The catalytic mechanism of the catalyst in CCP and the reaction path of the product are described, which is very important to improve the understanding of co-pyrolysis technology. In addition, the effects of biomass pretreatment, microwave adsorbent, catalyst and other reaction conditions on the pyrolysis products of MAP were reviewed, and the application of MAP in the preparation of high value-added biofuels, activated carbon and syngas was introduced.
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35
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Preparation, characterization, physicochemical property and potential application of porous starch: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:1169-1181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, Cui Y, Liu S, Fan L, Zhou N, Peng P, Wang Y, Guo F, Min M, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Lei H, Chen P, Li B, Ruan R. Fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes for biofuels production - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122480. [PMID: 31812912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste suffers from the problem that the waste generally has low microwave absorptivity thereby resulting in low heating rate and low pyrolysis temperature. In this case, fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis is proposed and developed to help the pyrolysis of waste. This study describes two methods that can be used to realize fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste: (1) premixed method (wastes are mixed with microwave absorbent) and (2) non-premixed method (wastes are poured onto the heated microwave absorbent bed). Then, biofuels (bio-oil, bio-gas, and bio-char) produced from fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes are reviewed. The review results show that the yields of bio-oil, bio-gas, and bio-char obtained from fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes varied significantly in the ranges of 2-96 wt%, 2.4-86.8 wt%, and 0.3-83.2 wt%, respectively. Although the present research focused mainly on the premixed method, non-premixed/continuous fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis is still promising and challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yunlei Cui
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Feiqiang Guo
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min Min
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Bingxi Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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37
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Liang J, Xu X, Yu Z, Chen L, Liao Y, Ma X. Effects of microwave pretreatment on catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122080. [PMID: 31487617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, thermal behavior and pyrolysis products of pine sawdust after treated by different microwave pretreatment condition had been studied. Surface structure of samples getting collapsed after microwave pretreatment and the characteristics of thermal decomposition with CaO addition under four kinds heating rates was investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer. Pyrolysis process was carried and the products composition were detected both on Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Under the condition of 567 W power treatments for 3 min, the yield of phenols rose from 3.64% to 18.21% and the ketones decreased from 55.80% to 40.27%. The activation energy was calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. After microwave pretreatment, the activation energy of pine sawdust reach the maximum increase 7.26% at 329 W for 3 min, which meant that microwave pretreatment had little positive effect on promoting the pyrolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Liang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueping Xu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
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38
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Liang J, Yu Z, Chen L, Fang S, Ma X. Microwave pretreatment power and duration time effects on the catalytic pyrolysis behaviors and kinetics of water hyacinth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121369. [PMID: 31030068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the power and duration time of microwave pretreatment effects on water hyacinth were the main research objects. Surface structure of water hyacinth was broke by microwave radiation through Scanning Electron Microscope observation and the characteristics of thermal decomposition of water hyacinth with the catalyst under four heating rates was investigated by using the thermogravimetric analyzer. Calcium oxide was chosen to be the additive of the water hyacinth pyrolysis reaction. Pyrolysis product compositions were figured out by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The results showed that microwave changed the product composition effectively. Under optimal conditions, acids yield of water hyacinth decreased from 7.89% to 4.89% and the yield of sugars increased from 2.73% to 9.04%. Kinetic parameters were calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Under microwave pretreatment at 329 W and 567 W, the activation energy of water hyacinth first decreased and then rose with duration time increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Liang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shiwen Fang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Thermal Analysis of Nigerian Oil Palm Biomass with Sachet-Water Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Production of Biofuel. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7070475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigeria, being the world’s largest importer of diesel-powered gen-sets, is expected to invest in bio-fuels in the future. Hence, it is important to examine the thermal properties and synergy of wastes for potential downstream resource utilization. In this study, thermal conversion as a route to reduce the exploding volume of wastes from sachet-water plastic (SWP) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass was studied. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and subsequent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for the analysis. The effect of heating rate at 20 °C min−1 causes the increase of activation energy of the decomposition in the first-stage across all the blends (0.96 and 16.29 kJ mol−1). A similar phenomenon was seen when the heating rate was increased from 10 to 20 °C min−1 in the second-stage of decomposition. Overall, based on this study on the synergistic effects during the process, it can be deduced that co-pyrolysis can be an effective waste for energy platform.
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40
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Chen L, Yu Z, Xu H, Wan K, Liao Y, Ma X. Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and wood sawdust using different additives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:34-39. [PMID: 30399608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris (CV), wood sawdust (WS) and their blends with additives were investigated. There was a higher liquid and solid yield with silicon carbide (SiC) than activated carbon (AC) in most of samples. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis with additives behaved a positive effect on deoxygenation and aromatization, but not apparent denitrification. With the increase of CV proportion, aromatic hydrocarbons decreased, but aliphatic hydrocarbons increased using AC. High selectivity of phenols was reached at the sample of WS (relative content as 43.6%) using SiC; High selectivity of alkenes was reached at the sample of CV (relative content as 31.2%) and alkanes at the blend sample of 70% CV and 30% WS (relative content as 9.45%). Bio-oil and biochar from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of WS had higher calorific value than that of CV both with AC and SiC. Calorific value of bio-oil decreased by 33.3% after mixing CV with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuangyu Wan
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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Dong Q, Li H, Niu M, Luo C, Zhang J, Qi B, Li X, Zhong W. Microwave pyrolysis of moso bamboo for syngas production and bio-oil upgrading over bamboo-based biochar catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:284-290. [PMID: 29982049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microwave pyrolysis of moso bamboo over bamboo-based biochar catalyst was conducted to achieve the bio-oil upgrading and high quality syngas production. The influence of the biochar on bamboo pyrolysis involving the temperature rise, product yield, and bio-oil and gas compositions was studied. The gas production was facilitated by the biochar mainly at the cost of the bio-oil, indicating the biochar had an excellent activity for the bio-oil cracking. The main compositions in bio-oil were acetic acid and phenol with the total contents ranging from 73.145% to 82.84% over the biochar catalysts, suggesting the upgrading of the bio-oil were achieved. The biochar exerted a positive effect on the syngas (CO + H2) production with the maximum content reaching up to 65.13 vol% at the 20 wt% addition amount of biochar under microwave condition. The biochar became more effective on the bio-oil upgrading and syngas production under microwave heating than conventional heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Huaju Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Salt Chemical Industry, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Chuping Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Bo Qi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Wa Zhong
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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Prathiba R, Shruthi M, Miranda LR. Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste in the presence of activated carbon in conventional and microwave heating using modified thermocouple. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:528-536. [PMID: 29576515 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis process was experimented using two types of heating source, namely conventional and microwave. Polystyrene (PS) plastic waste was used as feedstock in a batch reactor for both the conventional (slow pyrolysis) and microwave pyrolysis. The effect of activated carbon to polystyrene ratio on (i) yield of oil, gas and residues (ii) reaction temperature (iii) reaction time were studied. Quality of oil from pyrolysis of polystyrene were assessed for the possible applicability in fuel production. Microwave power of 450 W and polymer to activated carbon ratio of 10:1, resulted in the highest oil yield of 93.04 wt.% with a higher heating value of 45 MJ kg-1 and a kinematic viscosity of 2.7 cSt. Microwave heating when compared to conventional heating method, exhibits a reaction temperature and time of 330 °C in 5.5 min, whereas in conventional heating system it was 418 °C in 60 min. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of liquid oil from microwave pyrolysis predominantly yields alkenes of 8.44 wt.%, α-methyl styrene 0.96 wt.%, condensed ring aromatics 23.21 wt.% and benzene derivatives 26.77 wt.% when the polystyrene to activated carbon ratio was 10:1. Significant factor of using microwave heating is the amount of energy converted (kWh) is lesser than conventional heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prathiba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A. C. College of Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M Shruthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A. C. College of Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Lima Rose Miranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A. C. College of Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Zhou J, Liu S, Zhou N, Fan L, Zhang Y, Peng P, Anderson E, Ding K, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen P, Ruan R. Development and application of a continuous fast microwave pyrolysis system for sewage sludge utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:295-301. [PMID: 29455097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A continuous fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis system was designed, fabricated, and tested with sewage sludge. The system is equipped with continuous biomass feeding, mixing of biomass and microwave absorbent, and separated catalyst upgrading. The effect of the sludge pyrolysis temperature (450, 500, 550, and 600 °C) on the products yield, distribution and potentially energy recovery were investigated. The physical, chemical, and energetic properties of the raw sewage sludge and bio-oil, char and gas products obtained were analyzed using elemental analyzer, GC-MS, Micro-GC, SEM and ICP-OES. While the maximum bio-oil yield of 41.39 wt% was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C, the optimal pyrolysis temperature for maximum overall energy recovery was 500 °C. The absence of carrier gas in the process may be responsible for the high HHV of gas products. This work could provide technical support for microwave-assisted system scale-up and sewage sludge utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhou
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, 68 Wenchang Road, 121 Blvd., Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Liangliang Fan
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peng Peng
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Erik Anderson
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kuan Ding
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Paul Chen
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Lu Q, Zhang ZX, Wang X, Guo HQ, Cui MS, Yang YP. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Impregnated with Potassium Phosphate in a Hydrogen Atmosphere for the Production of Phenol and Activated Carbon. Front Chem 2018. [PMID: 29515994 PMCID: PMC5826322 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new technique was proposed to co-produce phenol and activated carbon (AC) from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with K3PO4 in a hydrogen atmosphere, followed by activation of the pyrolytic solid residues. Lab-scale catalytic fast pyrolysis experiments were performed to quantitatively determine the pyrolytic product distribution, as well as to investigate the effects of several factors on the phenol production, including pyrolysis atmosphere, catalyst type, biomass type, catalytic pyrolysis temperature, and catalyst impregnation content. In addition, the pyrolytic solid residues were activated to prepare ACs with high specific surface areas. The results indicated that phenol could be obtained due to the synergistic effects of K3PO4 and hydrogen atmosphere, with the yield and selectivity reaching 5.3 wt% and 17.8% from catalytic fast pyrolysis of poplar wood with 8 wt% K3PO4 at 550°C in a hydrogen atmosphere. This technique was adaptable to different woody materials for phenol production. Moreover, gas product generated from the pyrolysis process was feasible to be recycled to provide the hydrogen atmosphere, instead of extra hydrogen supply. In addition, the pyrolytic solid residue was suitable for AC preparation, using CO2 activation method, the specific surface area was as high as 1,605 m2/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Shu Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ping Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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