1
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Yu H, Dong Y, Li B, Wang S, Zhao J, Zuo J, Song Y, Qu C. Rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria by combining low nitrogen strength with microbial viability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 427:132403. [PMID: 40090493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/18/2025]
Abstract
The rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria (AnAOB) is challenging owing to their slow growth rate. Substrate supply strategies influence the AnAOB yield and anammox performance. In this study, a feeding strategy for low nitrogen strength with constant substrate concentrations and a hydraulic retention time decreasing over a gradient was investigated in an up-flow sludge blanket reactor. With increasing nitrogen load, the nitrogen removal rate increased from 0.2 to 6.3 kg-N m-3 day-1, and the ratios among ammonium utilization, nitrite depletion, and nitrate production changed from 1:2.62:2.03 to 1:0.99:0.17. Excessive extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release occurred under famine conditions, whereas intracellular ATP accumulated under feast conditions. Rapid AnAOB growth, with a doubling time of 2 d, was associated with high microbial viability. A combined strategy of low nitrogen strength and microbial viability was proposed for the rapid growth of AnAOB. These results demonstrate accelerated process start-up and help us to understand anammox metabolism in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sike Wang
- Department of Material and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junkai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yonghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Chengtun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
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2
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Wang L, Zhang C, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Wanyan D, Liu J, Cheng G, Lin P, Huang X. Achieving mainstream nitrogen removal by partial nitrification and anammox in the carriers-coupled membrane aerated biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 271:123000. [PMID: 39708620 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
The integration of partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) into membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promisingly energy-efficient and high-efficiency technology for nitrogen removal. The inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) remains as the most significant challenge for its development. In our investigation, we proposed a novel process to integrate carriers to MABR (CMABR), which combined the carriers enriched with anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and partial nitrifying MABR system. The effect of different hydraulic retention time (HRT) was explored in CMABR and it showed that the nitrogen removal rate of CMABR could reach more than 200 g-N/(m3·d) at an HRT of 3 h The increase of NOB activity was witnessed when the residual NH4+-N concentration was lower than 5 mg-N/L. Finally, the higher nitrogen removal rate and successful PN/A can be achieved by optimized condition through the operation of two-stage CMABRs with 30 % of carriers filling ratio and a total HRT of 6 h Superior NH4+-N removal efficiency (97 %) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (81 %) were reached compared with other MABR for PN/A processes. The CMABR exerted the special advantage that significant AnAOB attached on the carriers, rather than only on the membrane biofilm, thus it was beneficial to maintain the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and improve the nitrogen removal rate and effluent quality. This investigation provides creative and significant perspectives for the design and operation of PN/A processes in the future MABR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Wanyan
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Research and Application Centre for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Adams M, Issaka E, Chen C. Anammox-based technologies: A review of recent advances, mechanism, and bottlenecks. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:151-173. [PMID: 39095154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The removal of nitrogen via the ANAMMOX process is a promising green wastewater treatment technology, with numerous benefits. The incessant studies on the ANAMMOX process over the years due to its long start-up and high operational cost has positively influenced its technological advancement, even though at a rather slow pace. At the moment, relatively new ANAMMOX technologies are being developed with the goal of treating low carbon wastewater at low temperatures, tackling nitrite and nitrate accumulation and methane utilization from digestates while also recovering resources (phosphorus) in a sustainable manner. This review compares and contrasts the handful of ANAMMOX -based processes developed thus far with plausible solutions for addressing their respective bottlenecks hindering full-scale implementation. Ultimately, future prospects for advancing understanding of mechanisms and engineering application of ANAMMOX process are posited. As a whole, technological advances in process design and patents have greatly contributed to better understanding of the ANAMMOX process, which has greatly aided in the optimization and industrialization of the ANAMMOX process. This review is intended to provide researchers with an overview of the present state of research and technological development of the ANAMMOX process, thus serving as a guide for realizing energy autarkic future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabruk Adams
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2155009, China; Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eliasu Issaka
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2155009, China.
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4
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Yu H, Dong Y, Wang S, Jia W, Wang Y, Zuo J, Qu C. Nitrate formation in anammox process: Mechanisms and operating conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e39438. [PMID: 39524729 PMCID: PMC11546341 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy-efficient technology for wastewater nitrogen removal. However, the byproduct nitrate has hindered development and application of anammox process. Meanwhile, the knowledge of nitrate formation during anammox process is insufficient, which prohibits high nitrogen removal. This review firstly summaries and discusses valuable findings on nitrate formation, including molecular mechanism of nitrate production, microbial pathway of nitrate reduction and its net formation. Specially, influences of operating conditions on mechanisms and patterns of nitrate formation are analyzed. Then, based on nitrate formation mechanism, current strategies of nitrate removal from anammox process are reevaluated. Finally, the key knowledge gaps and further process development are presented. Overall, this review sheds light on the understanding of nitrate formation of anammox process, which would further facilitate and optimize the process design and operation for high performance nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sike Wang
- Department of Material and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yating Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Wang S, Jiang T, Hao X, Dai Y, Yang J, Wang B. Enhanced and robust nitrogen removal using an integrated zeolite and partial denitrification anammox process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122381. [PMID: 39241588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Anammox has received increased attention due to its enhanced and cost-efficient approach to nitrogen removal. However, its practical application is complicated by strict influent NO2--N to NH4+-N ratio demands and an 11% nitrate production from the anammox process. This study was the first known research to propose and verify a system of zeolite integrated with partial denitrification and anammox (Z-PDA) in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. The enhanced and robust nitrogen removal resulted in an ultra-high nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE, 93.0 ± 2.0%). Zeolite adsorption and biological desorption of ammonium contributed to robust nitrogen removal with fluctuating influent NO2--N to NH4+-N ratios. Applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing found that Candidatus Brocadia and Thauera were the key bacteria responsible for anammox and partial denitrification (PD), respectively. Zeolite also acted as a biological carrier. This significantly enriched anammox bacteria with a higher relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia, reaching 49.2%. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that the multiple functional genes related to nitrogen removal (nrfA/H, narG/H/I) and the metabolic pathways (Biosynthesis of cofactors, the Two-component system, the Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, and Purine metabolism) ensured the resilience of the Z-PDA system despite influent fluctuations. Overall, this study provided novel insights into the impacts of zeolite in the PDA system. It described the fundamental mechanism of zeolite based on adsorption and biological desorption, and demonstrated a meaningful application of the anammox process in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Tan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xiang Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Yu Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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6
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Chen Y, Guo G, Li YY. Kinetic and elemental characterization of HAP-based high-rate partial nitritation/anammox system orienting stability and inorganic elemental requirements. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121169. [PMID: 38281335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anammox-based processes are attractive for biological nitrogen removal, and the combination of anammox and hydroxyapatite (HAP) is promising for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. However, the kinetics of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) in which ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB) exist in a reactor are poorly understood. Moreover, inorganic elements are required to promote microbial cell synthesis and growth; therefore, monitoring of elements to prevent the limitation and inhibition of the process is critical. The minimum amounts of inorganic elements required for a one-stage PNA process and the elemental flow remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, kinetics, stoichiometry, and element flow in the long-term, high-rate, continuous, one-stage HAP-PNA process with microaerobic granular sludge at 25 °C were determined using process modeling, parameter estimation, and mass balance. The biomass elemental composition was determined to be CH2.2O0.89N0.18S0.0091, and the biomass yield (Yobs) was calculated to be 0.0805 g/g NH4+-N. Therefore, a stoichiometric reaction equation for the one-stage HAP-PNA system was also proposed. The maximum specific growth rate (μm) of AnAOB and AOB were 0.0360 and 0.0982 d-1 with doubling times of 19 and 7.1 d, respectively. Finally, the elemental requirements for stable and high-rate performance were determined using element flow analysis. These findings are essential for developing the anammox-based process in a stable and resource-efficient manner and determining engineering applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Guangze Guo
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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7
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Chen Y, He X, Zhang Y, Cao M, Lin S, Huang W, Pan X, Zhou J. Response of nutrients removal efficiency, enzyme activities and microbial community to current and voltage in a bio-electrical anammox system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120322. [PMID: 38350279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The effects of different current intensities and voltage levels on nutrient removal performance and microbial community evolution in a Bio-Electrical Anammox (BEA) membrane bioreactor (MBR) were evaluated. The nitrogen removal efficiency increased with the current intensity within the range of 64-83 mA, but this improvement was limited at the current further increased. The phosphorus removal in the BEA MBR was attributed to the release of Fe2+, which was closely associated with the applied current to the electrodes. Heme c concentration, enzyme activities, and specific anammox activity exhibited a decreasing trend, while the functional denitrification genes showed a positive correlation with rising voltage. The nitrogen removal efficiency of the BEA system initially increased and then decreased with the voltage rose from 1.5V to 3.5V, peaking at 2.0V of 94.02% ± 1.19%. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry results indicated that accelerated cell apoptosis/lysis led to an irreversible collapse of the biological nitrogen removal system at 3.5V. Candidatus Brocadia was the predominant anammox bacteria in the BEA system. In contrast, closely related Candidatus Kuenenia and Chloroflexi bacteria were gradually eliminated in electrolytic environment. The abundances of Proteobacteria-affiliated denitrifiers were increased with the voltage rising since the organic matter released by the cell apoptosis/lysis was accelerated at a high voltage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Chen
- Power Construction Corporation of China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Xuejie He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Shuxuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xinglin Pan
- Power Construction Corporation of China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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Jiang C, Zhang L, Chi Y, Xu S, Xie Y, Yang D, Qian Y, Chen F, Zhang W, Wang D, Tian Z, Zhang S, Li YY, Zhuang X. Rapid start-up of an innovative pilot-scale staged PN/A continuous process for enhanced nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate via robust NOB elimination and efficient biomass retention. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120949. [PMID: 38070348 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The start-up and stable operation of partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) treatment of mature landfill leachate (MLL) still face challenges. This study developed an innovative staged pilot-scale PN/A system to enhance nitrogen removal from MLL. The staged process included a PN unit, an anammox upflow enhanced internal circulation biofilm (UEICB) reactor, and a post-biofilm unit. Rapid start-up of the continuous flow PN process (full-concentration MLL) was achieved within 35 days by controlling dissolved oxygen and leveraging free ammonia and free nitrous acid to selectively suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The UEICB was equipped with an annular flow agitator combined with the enhanced internal circulation device of the guide tube, which achieved an efficient enrichment of Candidatus Kuenenia in the biofilm (relative abundance of 33.4 %). The nitrogen removal alliance formed by the salt-tolerant anammox bacterium (Candidatus Kuenenia) and denitrifying bacteria (unclassified SBR1031 and Denitratisoma) achieved efficient nitrogen removal of UEICB (total nitrogen removal percentage: 90.8 %) and at the same time effective treatment of the refractory organic matter (ROM). The dual membrane process of UEICB fixed biofilm combined with post-biofilm is effective in sludge retention, and can stably control the effluent suspended solids (SS) at a level of less than 5 mg/L. The post-biofilm unit ensured that effluent total nitrogen (TN) remained below the 40 mg/L discharge standard (98.5 % removal efficiency). Compared with conventional nitrification-denitrification systems, the staged PN/A process substantially reduced oxygen consumption, sludge production, CO2 emissions and carbon consumption by 22.8 %, 67.1 %, 87.1 % and 87.1 %, respectively. The 195-day stable operation marks the effective implementation of the innovative pilot-scale PN/A process in treating actual MLL. This study provides insights into strategies for rapid start-up, robust NOB suppression, and anammox biomass retention to advance the application of PN/A in high-ammonia low-carbon wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongzhi Chi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Yiwu 322000, China.
| | - Yawen Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongmin Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhe Tian
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Yiwu 322000, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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9
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Xue H, Wang H, Zhou M, Kumari S, Wang Y. Innovative determination of the specific anammox activity for anammox sludge from continuous flow reactors: A comparison between continuous flow test and batch test. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130253. [PMID: 38145765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for measuring specific anammox activity (SAA) was proposed based on continuous flow tests to accurately determine the SAA of anammox sludge from continuous flow reactors, resolving the challenges of inaccurate SAA assessment caused by substrate shock to anammox bacteria. Results showed SAA of expanded granular sludge bed sludge via batch tests (0.101 ± 0.018 g-N·g-VSS-1·d-1) was lower than continuous flow tests (0.206 ± 0.010 g-N·g-VSS-1·d-1) (p < 0.05), highlighting the impact of substrate shock. Conversely, SAA of sequencing batch reactor sludge assessed via batch tests (0.878 ± 0.008 g-N·g-VSS-1·d-1) was higher than continuous flow tests (0.809 ± 0.005 g-N·g-VSS-1·d-1) (p < 0.01), attributed to endogenous denitrification. The advantages of continuous flow tests over batch tests included milder feeding way, stricter anaerobic conditions, and minimal sampling impact on system. Our study contributes to more accurate measurements of SAA of anammox sludge from continuous flow reactors, favoring long-term robust operation of anammox reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Mingda Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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10
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Lin L, Zhang Y, Li YY. Enhancing start-up strategies for anammox granular sludge systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166398. [PMID: 37604370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been developed as one of the optimal alternatives to the conventional biological nitrogen removal process because of its high nitrogen removal capacity and low energy consumption. However, the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria and its high sensitivity to environmental changes have resulted in fewer anammox sludge sources for process start-up and a lengthy start-up period. Given that anammox microorganisms tend to aggregate, granular-anammox sludge is a frequent byproduct of the anammox process. In this study, we review state-of-the-art strategies for promoting the formation of anammox granules and the start-up of the anammox process based on the literature of the past decade. These strategies are categorized as the transformation of alternative sludge, the addition of accelerators, the introduction of functional carriers, and the implementation of other physical methods. In addition, the formation mechanism of anammox granules, the operational performance of various strategies, and their promotion mechanisms are introduced. Finally, prospects are presented to indicate the gaps in contemporary research and the potential future research directions. This review functions as a summary guideline and theoretical reference for the cultivation of granular-anammox sludge, the start-up of the anammox process, and its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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11
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Cheng H, Qin H, Liang L, Li YY, Liu J. Towards advanced simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent based on anammox-hydroxyapatite (HAP) process: Focusing on a solution perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129117. [PMID: 37141995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the state-of-the-art information on the anammox-HAP process is summarized. The mechanism of this process is systematically expounded, the enhancement of anammox retention by HAP precipitation and the upgrade of phosphorus recovery by anammox process are clarified. However, this process still faces several challenges, especially how to deal with the ∼ 11% nitrogen residues and to purify the recovered HAP. For the first time, an anaerobic fermentation (AF) combined with partial denitrification (PD) and anammox-HAP (AF-PD-Anammox-HAP) process is proposed to overcome the challenges. By AF of the organic impurities of the anammox-HAP granular sludge, organic acid is produced to be used as carbon source for PD to remove the nitrogen residues. Simultaneously, pH of the solution drops, which promotes the dissolution of some inorganic purities such as CaCO3. In this way, not only the inorganic impurities are removed, but the inorganic carbon is supplied for anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haojie Qin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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12
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Cao S, Koch K, Duan H, Wells GF, Ye L, Zhao Y, Du R. In a quest for high-efficiency mainstream partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) implementation: One-stage or two-stage? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163540. [PMID: 37086997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) process is known as an energy-efficient technology for wastewater nitrogen removal, which possesses a great potential to bring wastewater treatment plants close to energy neutrality with reduced carbon footprint. To achieve this goal, various PN/A processes implemented in a single reactor configuration (one-stage system) or two separately dedicated reactors configurations (two-stage system) were explored over the past decades. Nevertheless, large-scale implementation of these PN/A processes for low-strength municipal wastewater treatment has a long way to go owing to the low efficiency and effectiveness in nitrogen removal. In this work, we provided a comprehensive analysis of one-stage and two-stage PN/A processes with a focus on evaluating their engineering application potential towards mainstream implementation. The difficulty for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out-selection was revealed as the critical operational challenge to achieve the desired effluent quality. Additionally, the operational strategies of low oxygen commonly adopted in one-stage systems for NOB suppression and facilitating anammox bacteria growth results in a low nitrogen removal rate (NRR). Introducing denitrification into anammox system was found to be necessary to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) by reducing the produced nitrate with in-situ utilizing the organics from wastewater itself. However, this may lead to part of organics oxidized with additional oxygen consumed in one-stage system, further compromising the NRR. By applying a relatively high dissolved oxygen in PN reactor with residual ammonium control, and followed by a granules-based anammox reactor feeding with a small portion of raw municipal wastewater, it appeared that two-stage system could achieve a good effluent quality as well as a high NRR. In contrast to the widely studied one-stage system, this work provided a unique perspective that more effort should be devoted to developing a two-stage PN/A process to evaluate its application potential of high efficiency and economic benefits towards mainstream implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering (FACTE), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - George F Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yingfen Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
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13
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Song Y, Ni J, Guo Y, Kubota K, Qi WK, Li YY. Anammox upflow hybrid reactor: Nitrogen removal performance and potential for phosphorus recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137580. [PMID: 36529167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Echoing to the call of recovering high-value-added chemicals from wastewater and achieving carbon-neutral operation in wastewater treatment, an anammox upflow hybrid reactor was successfully applied for nitrogen removal, and the potential for phosphorus recovery was put forward. Moreover, the spatial pattern of removal capacities, and distribution of biomass and HAP precipitates were recognized and demonstrated as height-oriented. The intensity of HAP precipitates was highly consistent with the amount of anammox biomass and the relative abundance of the Candidatus Kuenenia, indicating that HAP formation was encouraged by the anammox reaction itself and heterogeneous nucleation induced by organic matters (proteins and polysaccharides). The fixed bed also played an important role in immobilizing the anammox biomass, secreted organic matrix, and HAP precipitates. This finding also provoked the thought that in the anammox process, HAP precipitation was more achievable, effective and practicable using the fixed-carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jialing Ni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Wei-Kang Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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14
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Lin L, Ishida K, Zhang Y, Usui N, Miyake A, Abe N, Li YY. Improving the biomass retention and system stability of the anammox EGSB reactor by adding a calcium silicate hydrate functional material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159719. [PMID: 36302421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving the biomass retention and the sludge system stability to promote the full-scale application of anammox process is the focus of current related research. In this study, a calcium silicate hydrate functional material with calcium-releasing ability and weak alkalinity was used for an enhanced anammox process. In the long-term operation, an increase in the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) from 2.75 to 13.38 gN/L/d was achieved after 50 days of operation, with the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increased from 40.1 % to 47.0 %. The anammox activity was strengthened from 0.089 to 0.55 gN/gVSS/d over 50 days, with a growth rate being fitted at 0.0310 d-1. The resilience of the EGSB anammox system after inhibitions was investigated by substrate shock and low pH shock in long-term operation and batch test. Besides that, the phosphorus removal efficiency of the reactor reached up to 90 % under the positive effect of functional material. The functional material was shown to continuously provide calcium in the long-term for the reaction of hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation, which further improved the granular properties of the sludge and the biomass retention ability of the reactor. The promotion effect of functional material on the sludge granulation and anammox microbes retaining efficiency was the key for a high-resilience anammox EGSB reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kyuto Ishida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Norihiro Usui
- Central Research Laboratory, Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 2-4-2, Osaku, Sakura, Chiba 285-8655, Japan
| | - Ayaka Miyake
- Central Research Laboratory, Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 2-4-2, Osaku, Sakura, Chiba 285-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Abe
- Environmental Business Development Department, Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 1-1-1, Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8503, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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15
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Xue Y, Ma H, Li YY. Anammox-based granulation cycle for sustainable granular sludge biotechnology from mechanisms to strategies: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 228:119353. [PMID: 36423549 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge is a promising biotechnological process for treating low-carbon nitrogenous wastewater, and is featured with low energy consumption and footprint. Previous theoretical and experimental research on anammox granular sludge processes mainly focused on granulation (flocs → granules), but pay little attention to the granulation cycle including granulation and regeneration. This work reviewed the previous studies from the perspective of anammox granules lifecycle and proposed various sustainable formation mechanisms of anammox granules. By reviewing the anaerobic, aerobic, and anammox granulation mechanisms, we summarize the mechanisms of thermodynamic theory, heterogeneous growth, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-based adhesion, quorum sensing (QS)-based regulation, biomineralization-based growth, and stratification of microorganisms to understand anammox granulation. In the regeneration process, the formation of precursors for re-granulation is explained by the mechanisms of physical crushing, quorum quenching and dispersion cue sensing. Based on the granulation cycle mechanism, the rebuilding of the normal regeneration process is considered essential to avoid granule floatation and the wash-out of granules. This comprehensive review indicates that future research on anammox granulation cycle should focus on the effects of filamentous bacteria in denitrification-anammox granulation cycle, the role of QS/ quorum quenching (QQ)-based autoinducers, development of diversified mechanisms to understand the cycle and the cycle mechanisms of stored granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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16
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Qian Y, Shen J, Chen F, Guo Y, Qin Y, Li YY. Increasing nitrogen and organic matter removal from swine manure digestate by including pre-denitrification and recirculation in single-stage partial nitritation/anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128229. [PMID: 36332864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel two-stage process comprising pre-denitrification and single-stage partial nitritation/anammox was developed to treat swine manure digestate with a constant nitrogen loading rate of 1.0 gN/L/d. As the influent NH4+-N concentration increased from 500 to 1500 mg/L, a nitrogen removal efficiency of 88 %-96 % and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 93 %-97 % were achieved. Owing to the high influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/nitrates and nitrites (NOX) ratio of 8.2-9.2 and high COD utilization of denitrifying bacteria (DB), the NO2--N and NO3--N removal efficiencies in the denitrification reactor reached 96 %-99 % and 97 %-99 %, respectively. The contribution of anammox bacteria to nitrogen removal was 70.9 %-84.3 %, whereas that of DB was 11.7 %-18.3 %. The contributions of DB and ordinary heterotrophic organisms to COD removal were 19.5 %-49.3 % and 17.9 %-39 %, respectively. This study will help guide the anammox process in swine wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Qian
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Junhao Shen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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17
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Li B, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xia K, Tian M, He X. Activity enhancement and the anammox mechanism under low temperature via PVA-SA and nano Fe 2O 3-PVA-SA entrapped beads. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157306. [PMID: 35839881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) have a long growth time and low activity at low temperatures. In suspended systems, sludge is easily lost, which limits the mainstream application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox).Entrapment provides effective ideas for solving these problems. In this study, polyvinyl‑sodium alginate (PVA-SA) and nano Fe2O3-PVA-SA entrapment beads were prepared to discuss the effectiveness of entrapment enhanced anammox sludge at low temperatures. The differences in the entrapped beads and granules were compared to analyze the strengthening mechanism. The results show that the nitrogen removal performance of granules, PVA-SA and nano Fe2O3-PVA-SA entrapped beads, first decreased and then increased during the cooling and low-temperature operation. Nano Fe2O3-PVA-SA entrapped beads showed the smallest decline and the highest degree of recovery. Reaction metering ratio (△NO2--N/△NH4+-N and △NO3--N/△NH4+-N) showed that entrapment could realize Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) inhibition and improve the activity of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) to promote the removal of total nitrogen by providing a strict anaerobic environment. The results demonstrate that entrapment is beneficial for maintaining the content of heme c, specifically, nano Fe2O3 can stimulate its production, and is beneficial for alleviating the reduction of hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) enzyme activity. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and analysis showed that entrapment does not change the composition of EPS, and can maintain the EPS content. Nano Fe2O3 can stimulate AAOB to secrete more EPS to maintain sludge stability. From a molecular perspective, entrapment can maintain the expression of functional genes, promote the enrichment of AAOB, thus improving the nitrogen removal performance from the dual perspectives of "quality" and "quantity".
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yuqing Jiang
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaoman He
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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18
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Chen Y, Guo G, Li YY. A review on upgrading of the anammox-based nitrogen removal processes: Performance, stability, and control strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:127992. [PMID: 36150424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is a promising biological nitrogen removal technology. However, owing to the sensitivity and slow cell growth of anammox bacteria, long startup time and initially low nitrogen removal rate (NRR) are still limiting factors of practical applications of anammox process. Moreover, nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) is often lower than 88 %. This review summarizes the most common methods for improving NRR by increasing microorganism concentration, and modifying reactor configuration. Recent integrated anammox-based systems were evaluated, including hydroxyapatite (HAP)-enhanced one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) process for a high NRR of over 2 kg N/m3/d at 25 °C, partial denitrification/anammox (PDA) process, and simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification process for a high NRE of up to 100 %. After discussing the challenges for the application of these systems critically, a combined system of anaerobic digestion, HAP-enhanced one-stage PNA and PDA is proposed in order to achieve a high NRR, high NRE, and phosphorus removal simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Guangze Guo
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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19
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Ji S, Gu N, Li YY, Liu J. Rapid proliferation of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria using anammox-hydroxyapatite technology in a pilot-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127845. [PMID: 36031118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) technology was seriously limited by lack of anammox seeding sludge. In this work, a pilot-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was used for rapid proliferation of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) using anammox-hydroxyapatite (anammox-HAP) technology. The excellent settleability of anammox-HAP granular sludge (with an excellent settling velocity of 395 m/h) supported the up-flow velocity of 9.6 m/h with recirculation ratio of 19. A high nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 26.4 g N/L/d was achieved in the pilot-scale reactor, with a cell yield of 0.23 g VSS/g NH4+-N. The high recirculation ratio and up-flow velocity brought about the efficient mass transfer for anammox, eliminating free ammonia inhibition, resulting in the high NLR and cell yield. Results of microbial community revealed that the relative abundance of unclassified Brocadiaceae increased from 18.55% to 82.80%, illustrating the rapid proliferation of AnAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Ji
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Nannan Gu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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20
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Lin L, Luo Z, Ishida K, Urasaki K, Kubota K, Li YY. Fast formation of anammox granules using a nitrification-denitrification sludge and transformation of microbial community. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118751. [PMID: 35728499 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A lengthy start-up period has been one of the key obstacles limiting the application of the anammox process. In this investigation, a nitrification-denitrification sludge was used to start-up the anammox EGSB process. The transformation process from nitrification-denitrification sludge to anammox granule sludge was explored through the aspects of nitrogen removal performance, granule properties, microbial community structure, and evolution route. A successful start-up of the anammox process was achieved after 94 days of reactor operation. The highest nitrogen removal rate (NRR) obtained was 7.25±0.16 gN/L/d at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 8.0 gN/L/d, and the corresponding nitrogen removal efficiency was a high 90.61±1.99%. The results of the microbial analysis revealed significant changes in anammox bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria in the sludge. Notably, the anammox bacteria abundance increased from 2.5% to 29.0% during the operation, and Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were the dominant genera. Distinct-different successions on Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were also observed over the long-term period. In addition, the settling performance, anammox activity and biomass retention capacity of the granules were significantly enhanced during this process, and the corresponding granule evolution route was also proposed. The results in this study indicate the feasibility of using available seed sludge source for the fast-transformation of anammox granules, it is beneficial to the large-scale application of anammox process and the utilization of excess sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Zibin Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kyuto Ishida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kampachiro Urasaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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21
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Chen H, Yang E, Tu Z, Wang H, Liu K, Chen J, Wu S, Kong Z, Hendrik Sanjaya E, Yang M. Dual inner circulation and multi-partition driving single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal in a bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127261. [PMID: 35526709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) process is impeded by a long start-up cycle and unstable operation performance. In this study, an airlift inner-circulation partition bioreactor (AIPBR) was operated continuously for 215 days to explore methods of strengthening the performance and stable operation of the single-stage ANR system. AIPBR start-up period took around 38 days, the total nitrogen removal efficiency was > 85% on day 35. With the decrease of hydraulic retention time and the increase of aeration rate, the nitrogen removal rate increased to 0.85 ± 0.02 kg-N/m3/day. The sludge morphology gradually changed into dark-red floc-coupled granular sludge. Nitrosomonas (9.95%) and Candidatus Brocadia (6.41%) were dominant in the sludge. During long-term operation, AIPBR achieved the dual inner circulation of sewage and sludge and then formed effective dissolved oxygen and sludge partitions to provide a suitable growth environment for various functional bacteria, promote synergy between them, and strengthen the ANR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085, China
| | - Enzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhi Tu
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhe Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | | | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085, China.
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22
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Wang L, Gu W, Liu Y, Liang P, Zhang X, Huang X. Challenges, solutions and prospects of mainstream anammox-based process for municipal wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153351. [PMID: 35077796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process has a promising application prospect for the mainstream deammonification of municipal wastewater due to its high efficiency and low energy consumption. In this paper, challenges and solutions of mainstream anammox-based process are summarized by analyzing the literature of recent ten years. Slow growth rate of anammox bacteria is a main challenge for mainstream anammox-based process, and enhancement of bacteria retention has been recognized to be necessary. Compared with directly increasing sludge retention time (SRT) with membrane bioreactors or sequencing batch reactors, culturing anammox bacteria in the form of biofilm or granule sludge is more promising for its feasibility of eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Besides, adding external electron donors or conductive materials and enriching the concentration of ammonia with absorption materials have also been proved helpful to improve the activity of anammox bacteria. Other challenges include the elimination of NOB and achieving ideal ratio of NH4+ and NO2-. To solve these problems and achieve stable partial nitrification, composite control strategies based on low SRT and limited aeration are needed based on the special characteristics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB. When treating actual wastewater, interference of low temperature and components in the influent is another problem. Relatively high activity of anammox bacteria has been realized after artificial acclimation at low temperature and the mechanism was also preliminary explored. Different pre-treatment sections have been designed to reduce the concentration of COD and S2- from the influent. As for the nitrate produced by the anammox reaction, coupling processes are useful to reduce the concentration of nitrate in the effluent. In brief, suitable reactor and coupling process should be selected according to the temperature, influent quality and discharge targets of different regions. The future prospects of the mainstream anammox-based process are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wancong Gu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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23
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Zhang J, Peng Y, Li X, Du R. Feasibility of partial-denitrification/ anammox for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment in a hybrid biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117856. [PMID: 34826739 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater has drawn increasing attention due to biotoxicity and inhibition. In this study, for the first time, a novel approach integrating partial-denitrification with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (PD/A) in a sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) was proposed and demonstrated to be efficient to treat the bismuth nitrate and bismuth potassium citrate manufacturing wastewater, containing ammonia (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N) of 6300±50 mg L - 1 and 15,300±50 mg L - 1. The maximum anammox activity was found at the shock effect of influent total nitrogen (TN) of 100 mg L - 1 with NO3--N/NH4+-N of 1.0. Long-term operation demonstrated that the PD/A biofilm was developed rapidly after 30 days using synthetic influent, with TN removal efficiency increasing from 40.9% to 80.8%. Significantly, the key bacteria for PD/A had high tolerance and adapted rapidly to pharmaceutical wastewater, achieving a relatively stable TN removal efficiency of 81.2% with influent NH4+-N and NO3--N was 77.9 ± 2.6 and 104.1 ± 4.4 mg L - 1 at a relatively low COD/NO3--N of 2.6. Anammox pathway contributed to TN removal reached 83.6%. Significant increase of loosely-bound extracellular polymeric substances was obtained with increasing protein of 3-turn helices structure as response to the inhibitory condition. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the functional genus Thauera was highly enriched in both biofilms (9.5%→43.6%) and suspended biomass (15.5%→57.5%), which played a key role in high NO2--N accumulation. While the anammox bacteria decreasing from 7.8% to 1.6% in biofilm, and from 1.8% decreased to 0.1% in the suspended sludge. Overall, this study provides a new method of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater treatment with low energy consumption and operation cost, as well as a satisfactory efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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24
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Huang TH, Tung FT, Chen GF, Chen WH. Variations of N concentrations and microbial community in the start-up of anammox using anaerobic heterotrophic sludge: Influence of a long reaction-phase time and comparison of the efficiencies of attached-versus suspended-growth cultures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132151. [PMID: 34517235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic sludge was capable of producing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) cultures. However, the low activity of anammox bacteria in the seed sludge often led to a long time for stable anammox to initiate. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of an extended reaction-phase time in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on the rapid startup of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) using anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria as the seed sludge. After the startup, suspended and attached bacteria in anammox were separately analyzed for comparison. The variations of nitrogen concentrations and shifts of the microbial community structures were studied. The results showed that anammox occurred after a long reaction-phase time in the SBR with the efficient removals of NH4+ (96.4%) and NO2- (99.8%). The effective NO2- treatment before anammox startup was attributable to inevitable denitrification or dissimilatory nitrate reduction (e.g., Denitratisoma). The occurrence of anammox was supported by the anammox stoichiometry, bacteria diversity variation, and principal component analysis. The overall nitrogen removal rate (NRR) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was 0.07 kg/m3-d and 92.8%, respectively. The relative molar quantities of NH4+ and NO2- removed as well as N2 and NO3- formed were 1(1):1.29(1.32):1.45(1.02):0.15(0.26), as the numbers in the parentheses represent the theoretical values. Denitratisoma and Desulfatiglans dominated in the seed sludge, whereas Candidatus_Jettenia abundances were significantly higher in anammox attached- (26.0%) and suspended-growth cultures (14.5%). Fifty-three genera were simultaneously identified in all samples, suggesting their importance in the startup of anammox from anaerobic sludge. Candidatus_Jettenia was observed to be more associated with the growth of anammox biofilm (the abundances were 26.0% and 14.5% in attached- and suspended-growth cultures, respectively) and supported the fine nitrogen removal performance in the attached-growth cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tsen Tung
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Fu Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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25
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Zhou B, Chen G, Dong C, Jiang Y, Chen H, Ouyang T, Li YY, Zhang Y. The short-term and long-term effects of Fe(II) on the performance of anammox granules. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1651-1659. [PMID: 33657245 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) is one of the commonly used additives in wastewater treatment and proved to be beneficial for promoting microbial activity. In this study, the effects of Fe(II) on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and reactor performance were proved to be concentration-dependent. In the short-term experiment, low concentration of Fe(II) (5-80 mg/L) significantly enhanced the SAA, while high concentration of Fe(II) (120-300 mg/L) inhibited the SAA. It was confirmed that anammox can be domesticated after long-term exposure to low Fe(II) concentration, and the SAA could be further enhanced by higher Fe(II) concentration in the following phases. In addition, as an important factor for anammox granulation and maintaining the SAA, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was also affected by Fe(II) addition. In spite of the effects on SAA and EPS, Fe(II) was proved to be the key factor that enhances the N2 O emission via abiotic pathway in the anammox reactor. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Low Fe(II) concentrations enhanced SAA, while high concentrations inhibited SAA. Long-term acclimatization by Fe(II) improved the tolerance of anammox to Fe(II). Fe(II) affects the amount and constituent of EPS and the performance of anammox granules. Accumulation of Fe(II) in the AAFEB reactor promoted the N2 O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yushi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control (CPPC), College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Xue Y, Ma H, Kong Z, Li YY. Formation Mechanism of hydroxyapatite encapsulation in Anammox-HAP Coupled Granular Sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116861. [PMID: 33548693 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the formation of anammox-hydroxyapatite (HAP) granule composites as a cost-effective approach to removing nitrogen and phosphorus in the treatment of wastewater has been recently reported. Before these annamox granules, which consist of an anammox biofilm layer and an HAP crystallizing layer, can be used in applications, the formation mechanism of hydroxyapatite (HAP) encapsulation in the granules needs to be further studied. In this work, the role of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secreted by microorganisms and HAP core in Ca and P removal in anammox-HAP coupled granular sludge was investigated. According to the Lamer model, it is possible that the nucleation time of the granules becomes shorter as the crystal seeds. The enhanced buffering capacity of the granules was 0.08 mmol-H+ SS-g-1 with the pH kept above 6.5 for a comfortable environment for anammox. The results of this study show that ion competition and exchange, mainly between cations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and between anions of PO43- and CO32-, affects the precipitation process. The results of this study indicate that the addition of granule crystal seeds can be used as a strategy to hasten the anammox process, and therefore accelerate the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Zhe Kong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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27
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Qian Y, Ding Y, Ma H, Chi Y, Yuan H, Li YY, Tian S, Zhang B. Startup and performance of a novel single-stage partial nitritation/anammox system for reject water treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124432. [PMID: 33260065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel internal circulation contact oxidation membrane bioreactor (ICCOMBR) was constructed to investigate a three steps startup strategy of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) system. A stable nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of 86.60% was achieved with NH4+-N over 250 mg/L in nitritation process. The partial nitritation process could be effectively achieved by reducing the aeration rate (AR) by about 50% in the nitritation process, with an effluent NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio of 1.15 ± 0.04. The SPNA system was started up in 27 days following the inoculated anammox granular sludge. A total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 82% was achieved at a NLR of 0.60 gN/L/d and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration below 0.55 mg/L. Anammox function genus (Ca.Kuenenia and Ca. Anammoximicrobium) abundance accounted for 20.77% in the biofilm, which is approximately equal to 22.2% in the suspended sludge. Nitrosomon as the dominant AOB genera, was detected in the biofilm (6.5%) and suspended sludge (13.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Qian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-857, Japan
| | - Yanmei Ding
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Huaji Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongzhi Chi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongying Yuan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-857, Japan
| | - Sufeng Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqueous Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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28
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Zhang QQ, Ji XM, Tian GM, Jin RC. Evolution of microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes in anammox process stressed by oxytetracycline and copper. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124106. [PMID: 32949830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The individual and combined impacts of copper ion (Cu2+) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) performance and its self-recovery process were examined. Experimental results showed that the anammox performance and activity of anammox bacteria were inhibited by 1.0 mg L-1 OTC, Cu2+ and OTC + Cu2+, and both single and combined inhibitions were reversible. The abundance of functional genes and parts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were positively related to the dominant bacterium Ca. Kuenenia, implying that the recovery of the performance was associated with the progressive induction of potentially resistant species after inhibition. The above outcomes illustrated that anammox bacteria were stressed by metals and antibiotics, but they still could remove nitrogen at a rate higher than 20.6 ± 0.8 kg N m-3 d-1, providing guidance for engineering applications of anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ji
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guang-Ming Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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29
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Ma J, Yang M, Shi C, He C, Yuan Q, Li K, Gong H, Wang K. Insight into the benefits of anammox bacteria living as aggregates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124103. [PMID: 32942094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work tried understanding aggregation preference of anammox bacteria from benefit-driven perspective. Aggregated anammox sludge (AGS) gained benefits in specific anammox activity (SAA) (increased by 40.47 ± 12.64%) and in toxicity resistance (enhanced by 65.41%) than scattered anammox sludge (SCS), which were verified by kinetics. The increased heme c content by 35.67 ± 5.77% and enhanced relative abundance of anammox bacteria by 9.29% supported the benefits in biological activity and improved EPS content by 1097.59 ± 43.06% (622.16 ± 61.73% for protein (PN), 2403.47 ± 162.75% for humic acid (HA) and 1145.34 ± 97.33% for polysaccharide (PS)) justified the benefits in toxicity resistance. The diverse microbial communities and organized spatial structures owned by AGS promoted interactions between species, as the intrinsic justification for obtaining the benefits. We expect our findings to provide theoretical guidance for promotions and applications of the anammox process with excellent nitrogen removal capacity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Meijuan Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chuan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Conghui He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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30
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Xu JJ, Cheng YF, Jin RC. Long-term effects of Fe 3O 4 NPs on the granule-based anaerobic ammonium oxidation process: Performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122965. [PMID: 32474323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules were studied under long-term exposure to Fe3O4 NPs. The Fe3O4 NPs had no negative impacts on nitrogen removal performance with the addition of 2-200 mg L-1. The specific anammox activity (SAA) slightly decreased from 287.0 ± 13.2 to -253.0 ± 9.2 mg TN g-1VSS d-1 with the increase in Fe3O4 NPs level from 2 to 60 mg L-1, and then significantly enhanced to 381.8 ± 15.7 mg TN g-1VSS d-1 at 200 mg L-1 Fe3O4 NPs. And the change trends of the heme c content, extracellular polymeric substance amount and settling velocity were consistent with that of SAA. The Candidatus_Kuenenia was the dominant species during the entire experiment and its relative abundance was up to 33.4 % at the end the experiment. The results provide some useful information for comprehending the impact of Fe3O4 NPs on the performance of wastewater biological treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Xu
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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Zhu XL, Bai YH, Wu J, Xu LZJ, Cheng YF, Fan NS, Jin RC. Whether glycine betaine improves the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3309-3317. [PMID: 30999824 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1606856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the application of mesophilic anammox process is currently the state of the art, the feasibility of a thermophilic anammox bioprocess is still unclear. In this study, we investigate whether glycine betaine (GB) addition can enhance the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox biomass in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors fed with synthetic wastewater at a nitrogen loading of approximately 4 kg N m-3 d-1. The results showed that during a long-term operation at 45°C with GB (0, 0.1, 1, 2 mM) addition, anammox performance became worse with the final effluent concentrations of NO2 -N of 145 ± 11.6 mg L-1 and nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 92.3-6.9%. Specific anammox activity decreased from 392.1 ± 12.1-6.0 ± 0.8 mg N g-1 VSS d-1, which were not significantly higher than those in the control reactor. The content of heme c showed a stronger downward trend in T1 (with GB addition) than in the control reactor T0. The qPCR results showed that the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia decreased in both the experimental (from 53.5-28.8%) and control reactors (from 54.1-35.1%). Overall, continuous addition of exogenous GB did not improve the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia at 45°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kang D, Li Y, Xu D, Li W, Li W, Ding A, Wang R, Zheng P. Deciphering correlation between chromaticity and activity of anammox sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116184. [PMID: 32726714 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The red color is the most striking character of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) which has been used to estimate the anammox activity roughly. However, the quantitative relationship between the color and activity of anammox sludge still remains unknown. In this study, the chromaticity, activity and their correlation were systematically investigated at different steady-state nitrogen loading rates. The chromaticity of anammox sludge was digitalized by the CIE L*a*b* color space. The results revealed that the average chroma value was found to be significantly correlated with specific anammox activity (r = 0.940, p < 0.01) and the cluster centers of chromaticity coordinates (a*, b*) of anammox sludge were established to define the typical working states of anammox system. The visible spectra of anammox sludge were proved to originate from the cytochrome c. The correlation between chroma and heme c concentration of anammox sludge was consistent with the fully-reduced cytochrome c and the chroma was determined by both content and redox ratio of cytochrome c. The chromaticity of anammox sludge was able to be linked with the anammox activity via reduced cytochrome c content. The gene abundance of cytochrome c synthetase linked the chromaticity with AnAOB quantity via total cytochrome c content, while the enzyme activity of octaheme hydrazine dehydrogenase linked the chromaticity with AnAOB activity via reduced cytochrome c ratio. Moreover, the redundancy analysis proved that heme c, as the key component of cytochrome c, was the most important explanatory variable accounting for the maximum 69.6% of the total variation of the anammox community, which correlated positively with the relative abundance of dominant AnAOB (Candidatus Kuenenia). This work aimed at demonstrating the chromaticity of anammox sludge could be developed as an alternative intuitive anammox activity indicator which will promote the monitoring and optimization of anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yiyu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Aqiang Ding
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
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Frenkel VS, Cummings GA, Maillacheruvu KY, Tang WZ. Food-processing wastes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1726-1740. [PMID: 32762105 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Literature published in 2018 and literature published in 2019 related to food-processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food-processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This article summarizes literature reviews published in 2018 and in 2019 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Walter Z Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Xue Y, Ma H, Kong Z, Guo Y, Li YY. Bulking and floatation of the anammox-HAP granule caused by low phosphate concentration in the anammox reactor of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123421. [PMID: 32361201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of phosphate concentration on the anammox-HAP process was investigated in this work. A high total nitrogen removal efficiency (>82.6%) and a stable total phosphate removal efficiency (>56.2%) was achieved in reactor with the phosphate concentration over 11.4 mg L-1. However, a phosphate concentration below to 5.7 mg L-1, a floatation of sludge occurred caused the deterioration of process. A new understanding for the floatation was divided into three stages: the stable stage, bulking stage and floating stage. First, anammox biofilm coupled with HAP for granulation in the stable stage. Second, the aggregation of bulking sludge resulted in changes in viscoelastic properties of the sludge. Third, the floatation resulted from unreleasable gas bubbles in the granules wrapped a high concentrations of slime layer proteins. Overall, this paper suggests that a control strategy was a sufficient supply of phosphate for the stable operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Zhe Kong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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35
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Gu W, Wang L, Liu Y, Liang P, Zhang X, Li Y, Huang X. Anammox bacteria enrichment and denitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors packed with different buoyant carriers: Performances and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137277. [PMID: 32112948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is recognized as the most cost-effective process for nitrogen removal from wastewater. In this study, effects of polyethylene plastics, nonwoven fabric, granular activated carbon (GAC) and polyurethane sponge as buoyant carriers were evaluated in lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). The overall performance of MBBRs with four types of carriers from priority to inferiority was noticed as, GAC, nonwoven fabrics, polyurethane sponge and polyethylene plastics under the same packing ratio of 20 v% and an average carrier size of 4 × 4 × 4 mm. The hydrophobic surface of GAC could selectively adsorb hydrophobic protein and favor anammox bacteria attachment, which contributed to achieving a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.40 kg-N/(m3·d) in 60 days. In conclusion, our results provide compelling evidence for achieving effective anammox process in an MBBR with GAC carriers and would benefit towards accomplishing a stable partial nitritation-anammox process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Gu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyou Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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36
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Ma H, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Kobayashi T, Kubota K, Li YY. Simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery using an anammox expanded reactor operated at 25 °C. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115510. [PMID: 31982794 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While anammox is a cost-effective nitrogen treatment process for wastewater with high nutrient strength, phosphorus remains untouched during this process and needs further treatment. In this study, the nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery were achieved simultaneously at 25 °C using an anammox expanded bed. A stable high nitrogen removal efficiency of 83.7 ± 4.8% at a 1500 mgN/L influent total nitrogen concentration and a phosphorus removal efficiency of 94.2 ± 1.2% at 100 mg P/L influent total phosphorus were obtained during continuous operation. The effects of the nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, Ca2+ and PO43- concentration on the phosphorus removal was verified in the long-term operation of the reactor. The sludge produced contained a high content of phosphorus mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAP), and the sludge composition strongly reflected the nitrogen and phosphorus loading. The structure of the anammox-HAP composite granules was illustrated by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Raman spectroscopic mapping analysis. The results in this study indicate that by controlling the operation parameters, it is possible to integrate a high efficiency phosphorus recovery with the anammox process, and significantly reduce the nutrient loading for further wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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37
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Webeck E, Li YY. Towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent: Latest developments in the anammox-based process from the application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122560. [PMID: 31882199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past forty years, anammox-based processes have been extensively researched and applied to some extent. However, some of the long-standing problems present serious impediments to wide application of these processes, and knowledge gap between lab-scale research and full-scale operations is still considerable. In recent years, anammox-based research has developed rapidly and some emerging concepts have been proposed. The focus of this review is on the critical problems facing actual application of anammox processes. The latest developments in anammox-based processes are summarized, and particular consideration is given to the following aspects: (1) the evolution of the chemical stoichiometry of anammox reaction; (2) the status of several main anammox-based processes; (3) the critical problems and countermeasures; (4) the emerging anammox-based processes; and (5) the suggested optimal process integrating partial nitritation, anammox, hydroxyapatite crystallization and denitratation for digestion effluent treatment towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Webeck
- Department of Metallurgy, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980 8579, Japan.
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38
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Cao S, Peng Y, Du R, Zhang H. Characterization of partial-denitrification (PD) granular sludge producing nitrite: Effect of loading rates and particle size. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:510-518. [PMID: 30933806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The granule-based partial-denitrification (PD) reactor can achieve an efficient nitrite production for anammox process. In this study, the PD granules were successfully cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the physicochemical properties and microbial activities were characterized at increasing nitrate loading rate (NLR). Results indicated that high NLR benefited the PD for nitrite production, and a more dense and compact granule can be developed at the NLR of 0.24-0.48 Kg N/m3/d. Whereas the settling ability decreased when the NLR increased to 0.96 Kg N/m3/d, which was likely caused by the decrease of proteins (PN) in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and the increase of loosely bound EPS (L-EPS) fraction. Besides, the characterization of size-fractionated PD granules revealed that a better settling ability was generally obtained with larger granules except for the size of d > 3.35 mm, which the settling velocity was reduced, likely attributed to the excess L-EPS fraction (56.3%) and presence of empty capsule inside granules. The smaller granules exhibited higher microbial activities due to the favorable mass transfer, the nitrate reduction rate was as high as 152.6 mg N/h/g VSS with granules of d < 1.0 mm. Results obtained in this study provided a better understanding of the properties of PD granules and would be helpful for the future development of granule-based PD reactor in achieving an efficient and stable nitrite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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39
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Ma H, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Li YY. Relationship of heme c, nitrogen loading capacity and temperature in anammox reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:568-577. [PMID: 31096386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic carmine red color due to heme proteins is always observed in enriched anammox biomass. Heme c is a very important co-factor participating the main metabolic reactions with catalytic and electron-transfer potential in the anammox bacteria, and is possible for use as an indicator to evaluate anammox performance. Knowledge of the relationship between the heme c concentration and the anammox reactor performance is, however, very limited available information is constrained at an operation temperature of 35 °C. In this study, we report the heme c concentration change along with nitrogen removal rate (NRR) in three anammox expanded granular sludge bed reactors operated at different temperatures (15, 25, 35 °C). The response of specific anammox activity (SAA) to temperature was revealed for biomass originating from three reactors. The results indicate a strong relationship between heme c concentration and NRR at different culture temperatures. The possibility of evaluating the anammox performance by combining heme c quantification and the temperature is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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40
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Xu JJ, Cheng YF, Xu LZJ, Liu YY, Zhu BQ, Fan NS, Huang BC, Jin RC. The revolution of performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community of anammox biogranules under long-term NiO NPs exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:440-447. [PMID: 30176457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing applications of NiO nanoparticles (NPs) in battery products, the potential effects of NiO NPs on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) systems were studied for the first time. The results showed that the anammox system performance obviously differed under the stresses of different NiO NPs concentrations. After the withdrawal of NiO NPs, the nitrogen removal performance of the anammox reactor returned to nearly that of the initial phase within 35 days. Compared with 0 mg L-1 NiO NPs, the specific anammox activity first increased and then decreased to the minimum value of 116.8 ± 13.8 mg TN g-1 VSS d-1 at 60 mg L-1 NiO NPs. The variations in the heme c contents and extracellular polymeric substance amounts were similar to the variations in the specific anammox activity throughout the whole experiment. Additionally, the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria (Candidatus kuenenia) increased from 20.44% at 60 mg L-1 NiO NPs to 23.14% at the end of the last phase. Thus, the potential effects of NiO NPs on anammox systems should be a cause for great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bing-Qian Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Ma H, Guo Y, Qin Y, Li YY. Nutrient recovery technologies integrated with energy recovery by waste biomass anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:520-531. [PMID: 30181020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion widely considered as a promising waste biomass disposal treatment approach, is attracting increasing interest in all corners of the globe. However, due to the specific features of different types of waste biomass, the bioenergy conversion efficiency of this process is not ideal. Another problematic aspect of anaerobic digestion is that the nutrient rich effluent sometimes needs to be treated before discharge. This review presents the recent achievements of waste biomass digestion from the perspective of energy recovery and nutrient recovery. In this work, the anaerobic treatment characteristics of common types of waste biomass are summarized and compared. With a focus of nutrient recovery and post treatment issues, the challenges and technical hurdles encountered in the anaerobic digestion of waste biomass are critically reviewed. Finally, an integrated system of anaerobic digestion, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and phosphorus recovery is proposed for efficient energy and nutrient recovery from waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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Ma H, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Li YY. A new process for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery using an anammox expanded bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:201-208. [PMID: 30025315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from wastewater is an important approach for sustainable phosphorus use. In this work, a process combining anammox and hydroxyapatite (HAP) precipitation in an expanded bed reactor for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery was developed by applying specific Ca/P ratio and pH control. A high phosphorus removal rate (0.14 ± 0.01 kg-P/m3/d) was obtained while a stable nitrogen removal efficiency (87.4 ± 2.9%) maintained with an effluent recirculation system applied. Average 13.4% phosphorus (30.7% in P2O5) accumulation in the dry sludge and a Ca/P ratio very close to HAP was observed by quantitative elemental analysis. In this work, different analysis revealed the two layers structure with anammox biofilm attached to inorganic core of the granules. Different spectral analysis determined the major phase of the inorganic content as hydroxyapatite. With proper Ca/P ratio and pH control, anammox expanded bed reactor was transformed into an efficient process to simultaneously remove nitrogen and recover phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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