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Zong C, Wu Q, Shao T, Dong Z, Liu Q. Exploiting the anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa as a renewable source of squalene. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:221-232. [PMID: 35857393 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of alfalfa is a promising response to the increasing demand for squalene. Ensiling could enhance the squalene content of fresh alfalfa and silage. To investigate and exploit the anaerobic fermentation of forage as a new squalene source, alfalfa was ensiled without (CON) or with molasses (ML) and sunflower seed oil (SSL) for 10, 40, and 70 days. RESULTS Naturally ensiled alfalfa was of poor quality but had up to 1.93 times higher squalene content (P < 0.001) than fresh alfalfa. The squalene-producing bacteria were found to be cocci lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Adding ML and SSL decreased squalene content (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001) by 6.89% and 11.6%, respectively. Multiple linear regression models and correlation analysis indicated that squalene synthase was the key enzyme for squalene synthesis. The addition of ML and SSL altered the structure of LAB communities, mainly decreasing the relative abundance of cocci LAB, which was responsible for squalene synthesis, and changing the fermentation products (lactic acid, propionic acid, and ammonia-N) influencing the squalene-related enzymes, thereby decreasing squalene production. Compared with squalene production from the reference bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici Ch-2, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus subtilis, engineered Escherichia coli), alfalfa silage had the potential to be a new squalene source. CONCLUSION Natural ensiled alfalfa was a promising source for squalene, and ensiling was a potential pathway to obtain novel high-yield squalene bacteria. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinhua Liu
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Langsdorf A, Drommershausen AL, Volkmar M, Ulber R, Holtmann D. Fermentative α-Humulene Production from Homogenized Grass Clippings as a Growth Medium. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248684. [PMID: 36557817 PMCID: PMC9788380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Green waste, e.g., grass clippings, is currently insufficiently recycled and has untapped potential as a valuable resource. Our aim was to use juice from grass clippings as a growth medium for microorganisms. Herein, we demonstrate the production of the sesquiterpene α-humulene with the versatile organism Cupriavidus necator pKR-hum on a growth medium from grass clippings. The medium was compared with established media in terms of microbial growth and terpene production. C. necator pKR-hum shows a maximum growth rate of 0.43 h-1 in the grass medium and 0.50 h-1 in a lysogeny broth (LB) medium. With the grass medium, 2 mg/L of α-humulene were produced compared to 10 mg/L with the LB medium. By concentrating the grass medium and using a controlled bioreactor in combination with an optimized in situ product removal, comparable product concentrations could likely be achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that juice from grass clippings has been used as a growth medium without any further additives for microbial product synthesis. This use of green waste as a material represents a new bioeconomic utilization option of waste materials and could contribute to improving the economics of grass biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Langsdorf
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Drommershausen
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marianne Volkmar
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 49, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 49, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Lanfranchi A, Tassinato G, Valentino F, Martinez GA, Jones E, Gioia C, Bertin L, Cavinato C. Hydrodynamic cavitation pre-treatment of urban waste: Integration with acidogenic fermentation, PHAs synthesis and anaerobic digestion processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134624. [PMID: 35439492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban waste can be valorized within a biorefinery approach, producing platform chemicals, biopolymers and energy. In this framework, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a promising pre-treatment for improving biodegradability due to its high effectiveness and low cost. This paper deals with the effect of HC pre-treatment on the acidogenic co-fermentation process of thickened sewage sludge from a WWTP and seasonal vegetable waste from a wholesale market. Specifically, HC was assessed by testing two sets of parameters (i.e., treatment time of 30 and 50 min; vacuum pressure 1.4 and 2.0 bar; applied power 8 and 17 kW) to determine its effectiveness as a pre-treatment of the mixture. The highest increase in sCOD (+83%) and VFAs (from 1.93 to 17.29 gCODVFA L-1) was gained after 50 min of cavitation. Fermentations were conducted with not cavitated and cavitated mixtures at 37 °C on 4 L reactors in batch mode, then switched to semi-continuous with OLR of 8 kgTVS m-3 d-1 and HRT of 5-6.6 d. Good VFAs concentrations (12.94-18.27 gCODVFA L-1) and yields (0.44-0.53 gCODVFA gVS(0)-1) were obtained, which could be enhanced by pre-treatment optimization and pH control. The organic acid rich broth obtained was then assessed as a substrate for PHAs storage by C. necator. It yielded 0.37 g g-1 of polyhydroxybutyrate, such biopolymer resulted to have analogous physicochemical characteristics of commercial equivalent. The only generated side-stream would be the solid-rich fraction of the fermented effluent, which valorization was assessed through BMP tests, showing a higher SGP of 0.42 Nm3 kgTVS-1 for the cavitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lanfranchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, 30174, Italy.
| | - G Tassinato
- Green Propulsion Laboratory, Veritas s.p.a., Fusina, VE, 30175, Italy
| | - F Valentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, 30174, Italy
| | - G A Martinez
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Jones
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Gioia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Bertin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, I-40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cavinato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, 30174, Italy
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Yaashikaa PR, Senthil Kumar P, Varjani S. Valorization of agro-industrial wastes for biorefinery process and circular bioeconomy: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126126. [PMID: 34673193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Energy recovery from waste resources is a promising approach towards environmental consequences. In the prospect of environmental sustainability, utilization of agro-industrial waste residues as feedstock for biorefinery processes have gained widespread attention. In the agro-industry, various biomasses are exposed to different unit processes for offering value to various agro-industrial waste materials. Agro-industrial wastes can generate a substantial amount of valuable products such as fuels, chemicals, energy, electricity, and by-products. This paper reviews the methodologies for valorization of agro-industrial wastes and their exploitation for generation of renewable energy products. In addition, management of agro-industrial wastes and products from agro-industrial wastes have been elaborated. The waste biorefinery process using agro-industrial wastes does not only offer energy, it also offers environmentally sustainable modes, which address effective management of waste streams. This review aims to highlight the cascading use of biomass from agro-industrial wastes into the systemic approach for economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
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Lee J, Park HJ, Moon M, Lee JS, Min K. Recent progress and challenges in microbial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from CO 2 as a sustainable feedstock: A state-of-the-art review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125616. [PMID: 34304096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrance of petroleum-based plastics causes severe environmental problems and has accelerated research into production of biodegradable polymers from inexpensive and sustainable feedstocks. Various microorganisms are capable of producing Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a representative biodegradable polymer, under nutrient-limited conditions, among which CO2-utilizing microorganisms are of primary interest. Herein, we discuss recent progress on bacterial strains including proteobacteria, purple non-sulfur bacteria, and cyanobacteria in terms of CO2-containing carbon sources, PHB-production capability, and genetic modification. In addition, this review introduces recent technical approaches used to improve PHB production from CO2 such as two-stage bioprocesses and bioelectrochemical systems. Challenges and future perspectives for the development of economically feasible PHB production are also discussed. Finally, this review might provide insights into the construction of a closed-carbon-loop to cope with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun June Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
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Sohn YJ, Son J, Jo SY, Park SY, Yoo JI, Baritugo KA, Na JG, Choi JI, Kim HT, Joo JC, Park SJ. Chemoautotroph Cupriavidus necator as a potential game-changer for global warming and plastic waste problem: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125693. [PMID: 34365298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cupriavidus necator, a versatile microorganism found in both soil and water, can have both heterotrophic and lithoautotrophic metabolisms depending on environmental conditions. C. necator has been extensively examined for producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), the promising polyester alternatives to petroleum-based synthetic polymers because it has a superior ability for accumulating a considerable amount of PHAs from renewable resources. The development of metabolically engineered C. necator strains has led to their application for synthesizing biopolymers, biofuels and biochemicals such as ethanol, isobutanol and higher alcohols. Bio-based processes of recombinant C. necator have made much progress in production of these high-value products from biomass wastes, plastic wastes and even waste gases. In this review, we discuss the potential of C. necator as promising platform host strains that provide a great opportunity for developing a waste-based circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Geol Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Sun W, Wu Y, Ding W, Wang L, Wu L, Lin L, Che Z, Zhu L, Liu Y, Chen X. An auto-inducible expression and high cell density fermentation of Beefy Meaty Peptide with Bacillus subtilis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:701-710. [PMID: 31844973 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, some cases about the expression of flavor peptides with microorganisms were reported owing to the obvious advantages of biological expression over traditional methods. However, beefy meaty peptide (BMP), the focus of umami peptides, has neither been concerned in its safe expression nor its overproduction in fermenter. In this study, multi-copy BMP (8BMP) was successfully auto-inducibly expressed and efficiently produced in Bacillus subtilis 168. First, 8BMP was successfully auto-inducibly expressed with srfA promoter in B. subtilis 168. Further, the efficient production of 8BMP was researched in a 5-L fermenter: the fermentation optimized by Pontryagin's maximum principle obtained the highest 8BMP yield (3.16 g/L), which was 1.2 times and 1.8 times than that of two-stage feeding cultivation (2.67 g/L) and constant-rate feeding cultivation (1.75 g/L), respectively. Overall, the auto-inducible expression of 8BMP in B. subtilis and fermentation with Pontryagin's maximum principle are conductive for overproduction of BMP and other peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Sun
- College of Life Science and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China.
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Wenwu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Lunjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Zhenming Che
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Longbao Zhu
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Science and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Life Science and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China
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Colombo B, Villegas Calvo M, Pepè Sciarria T, Scaglia B, Savio Kizito S, D'Imporzano G, Adani F. Biohydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as products of a two-steps bioprocess from deproteinized dairy wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:22-31. [PMID: 31351607 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study a two-steps bioprocess approach aimed at biohydrogen production via dark-fermentation, and polyhydroxyalkanoates-PHA production by mixed microbial cultures, was proposed to valorise two dairy-waste streams coming from cheese whey deproteinization (i.e. Ricotta cheese production and ultrafiltration). During the first step, the increase of OLR was tested, resulting in higher daily H2 volume (3.47 and 5.07 NL H2 d-1 for second cheese whey-SCW and concentrated cheese whey permeate-CCWP) and organic acids production (14.6 and 12.6 g L-1 d-1 for SCW and CCWP) for both the substrates, keeping good conversion of sugars into H2 (1.37 and 1.93 mol H2 mol-1 sugars for SCW and CCWP). During the second step, the organic acids were used for PHA production reaching high conversion yields for both the fermented streams (as average 0.74 ± 0.14 mg CODPHA mg-1 CODOA-in), with a maximum polymer content of 62 ± 4.5 and 55.1 ± 1.3% (g PHA g-1 VSS) for fermented SCW and fermented CCWP respectively. For the results reported, this study could be taken into consideration for larger scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Colombo
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariana Villegas Calvo
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommy Pepè Sciarria
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Scaglia
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simon Savio Kizito
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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