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Rahimi Z, Zinatizadeh AA, Zinadini S, van Loosdrecht M, JBatstone D. Concurrent removal of carbon and nutrients in a one-stage dual internal circulation airlift A2O bioreactor from milk processing industrial wastewater: Process optimization, sludge characteristics and operating cost evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141804. [PMID: 38548077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a one-stage dual internal circulation airlift anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (DCAL-A2O) bioreactor was continuously operated for concurrent removal of nutrients and organics from milk processing wastewater (MPW). Special configuration of the airlift A2O bioreactor created possibility of the formation of desired anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones in a single unit. The process functionality of the bioreactor was examined under three influential operating variables i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT; 7-15 h), air flow rate (AFR; 1-3 L/min) and aerobic volume ratio (AVR; 0.324-0.464). The optimum region was identified at HRT of 13h, AFR of 2L/min and AVR of 0.437, leading to TCOD, TN and TP removal efficiency of 94.5 %, 59.6 %, and 62.2 %, respectively, and effluent turbidity of 8 NTU. The impact of feed biodegradability on the process performance of the bioreactor treating the MPW, soft drink wastewater (SDW) and soybean oil plant wastewater (SOW) was also assessed. From the results, the feed characteristics affected significantly the nutrients removal. Moreover, the feeding location played an effective role in the nutrient removal while treating the MPW at optimum operating conditions. In this study, the change in residual organic matters as soluble microbial products (SMP) was monitored at various operating conditions. In addition, the impact of SMP extracted from sludge, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) comprising of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) was analyzed on sludge characteristics as bio-flocculation and settleability properties. According to the obtained data, the increase in operating variables led to the reduction in contents of effluent SMP, sludge SMP, LB-EPS, turbidity, and SVI, thereby, the enhancement in the sludge characteristics. Meanwhile, analysis of microbial communities verified the presence of various functional bacterial species. The cost operating evaluation confirmed the cost effectiveness of the airlift A2O bioreactor in reduction of energy consumption for the MPW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box 67144-14971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box 67144-14971, Kermanshah, Iran; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, Formerly AWMC), Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sirus Zinadini
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box 67144-14971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Damien JBatstone
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, Formerly AWMC), Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
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Qiao N, Yue S, Cheng J, Wang C, Wang X, Shi Y, Guo J, Yu D. A gas distributor capable of multiple injection directions to improve the gas–liquid dispersion performance in the airlift loop reactor. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li L, Xu X, Wang W, Lau R, Wang CH. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer of concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127451. [PMID: 35716864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactor is a typical reactor configuration which has been adopted for a myriad of chemical and biological processes. The reactor hydrodynamics (including mixing) and the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases remarkably affect the operational conditions and thus are crucial to the overall reactor performance. Hence, this study aims at providing a thorough description of the basic concepts and a comprehensive review of the relevant reported studies on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors, taking microalgae cultivation as an exemplary application. In particular, the reactor characteristics, geometry, CFD modeling, experimental characterization, and scale up considerations are elucidated. The research gaps for future research and development are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore.
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Wang C, Jin M, Yue S, Wang X, Liu B, Shi Y, Qiao N, Yu D. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of Trichosporon fermentans flocculation in refined soybean oil wastewater and flocculation rate prediction method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155415. [PMID: 35469876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon fermentans can be used to treat refined soybean oil wastewater (RSOW) and produce microbial lipids. Bioflocculation is an effective method to recover Trichosporon fermentans which accumulates intracellular oils from wastewater. During the flocculation, the hydrodynamic distribution and parameters in the reactor are important limiting factors of yeast flocculation performance. In a 0.25 L flocculation device, it was found that the appropriate range of turbulence kinetic energy was within 0.00065-0.00073 m2/s2, the dissipation rate was within 0.119-0.317 m2/s3, and the shear force was less than 0.433 Pa by computational fluid dynamics. In this case, the flocculation rate (Fr) of Trichosporon fermentans could reach more than 90%. The empirical formula associated Fr of Trichosporon fermentans with hydrodynamic parameters was obtained by Matlab, and improved in the enlargement of flocculation device, displaying an error of less than 3.03%. A conical draft tube airlift circulating reactor for flocculation was designed based on the empirical formula, and the Fr reached 91.3%. The study shows that it is feasible to predict Fr of Trichosporon fermentans according to hydrodynamic parameters by numerical simulation, and design the industrial reactor for flocculation harvesting yeasts. It is also helpful for large-scale treatment of RSOW in a safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Wang
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Meitong Jin
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Shang Yue
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Baixin Liu
- Yuanlin Safety Technology Co, Ltd, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yunfen Shi
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
| | - Dayu Yu
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
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Rodríguez-Peña M, Barrios Pérez J, Lobato J, Saez C, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo M. Scale-up in PEM electro-ozonizers for the degradation of organics. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oily Wastewater Treatment: Overview of Conventional and Modern Methods, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Industrial developments in the oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food sector have contributed to the large production of oily wastewater worldwide. Oily wastewater pollution affects drinking water and groundwater resources, endangers aquatic life and human health, causes atmospheric pollution, and affects crop production. Several traditional and conventional methods were widely reported, and the advantages and limitations were discussed. However, with the technology innovation, new trends of coupling between techniques, use of new materials, optimization of the cleaning process, and multiphysical approach present new paths for improvement. Despite these trends of improvement and the encouraging laboratory results of modern and green methods, many challenges remain to be raised, particularly the commercialization and the global aspect of these solutions and the reliability to reduce the system’s maintenance and operational cost. In this review, the well-known oily wastewater cleaning methods and approaches are being highlighted, and the obstacles faced in the practical use of these technologies are discussed. A critical review on the technologies and future direction as the road to commercialization is also presented to persevere water resources for the benefit of mankind and all living things.
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Qiao N, Fan X, Hu S, Zhang X, Wang L, Du Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Yu D. Bacterial cellulose as an oleaginous yeast cell carrier for soybean oil refinery effluent treatment and pyrolysis oil production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:661-671. [PMID: 33211199 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose produced from soybean oil refinery effluent is a good immobilization carrier because of the large pores in its fiber network, its high water-holding capacity, and its good biocompatibility. In this study, it was applied to immobilization of oleaginous yeasts for treating soybean oil refinery effluent. The immobilization percentage reached 50%, and the removal of chemical oxygen demand and oil content reached 92.1% and 93.1%, respectively, during dynamic immobilization using a mass percentage of bacterial cellulose of 30% and an immobilization time of 24 h, which were significantly higher than those of free oleaginous yeasts or yeasts immobilized by bacterial cellulose from rich medium. The immobilized oleaginous yeasts facilitated the recovery of the yeasts and effectively treated three batches of soybean oil refinery effluent. The immobilized oleaginous yeasts recovered after soybean oil refinery effluent treatment were pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil, which contributed to more alkanes and a higher calorific value of bio-oil in the pyrolysis products as compared to those of free oleaginous yeasts. As bacterial cellulose used as an oleaginous yeast cell carrier is produced from soybean oil refinery effluent, no waste of immobilization materials is involved and an efficient waste-into-oil bioprocess is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qiao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Xue Fan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, China
| | - Yundi Du
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, China.
| | - Dayu Yu
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, China.
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