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Boey JY, Kong U, Lee CK, Lim GK, Oo CW, Tan CK, Ng CY, Azniwati AA, Tay GS. The effect of spent coffee ground (SCG) loading, matrix ratio and biological treatment of SCG on poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer blend. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131079. [PMID: 38537860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of SCG embedded into biodegradable polymer blends and aimed to formulate and characterise biomass-reinforced biocomposites using spent coffee ground (SCG) as reinforcement in PHB/PLA polymer blend. The effect of SCG filler loading and varying PHB/PLA ratios on the tensile properties and morphological characteristics of the biocomposites were examined. The results indicated that tensile properties reduction could be due to its incompatibility with the PHB/PLA matrixSCG aggregation at 40 wt% content resulted in higher void formation compared to lower content at 10 wt%. A PHB/PLA ratio of 50/50 with SCG loading 20 wt% was chosen for biocomposites with treated SCG. Biological treatment of SCG using Phanerochaete chrysosporium CK01 and Aspergillus niger DWA8 indicated P. chrysosporium CK01 necessitated a higher moisture content for optimum growth and enzyme production, whereas the optimal conditions for enzyme production (50-55 %, w/w) differed from those promoting A. niger DWA8 growth (40 %, w/w). SEM micrographs highlighted uniform distribution and effective wetting of treated SCG, resulting in improvements of tensile strength and modulus of biocomposites, respectively. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of sustainable fungal treatment in enhancing the interfacial adhesion between treated SCG and the PHB/PLA matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Boey
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - U Kong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C K Lee
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - G K Lim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C W Oo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C K Tan
- PMI Packaging Sdn. Bhd., Taman Perindustrian Senai, 81400 Senai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Ng
- CY Enterprise Sdn. Bhd., Taman Perindustrian Murni, 81400 Senai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A A Azniwati
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - G S Tay
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Pettinato M, Bolla M, Campardelli R, Firpo G, Perego P. Potential Use of PLA-Based Films Loaded with Antioxidant Agents from Spent Coffee Grounds for Preservation of Refrigerated Foods. Foods 2023; 12:4167. [PMID: 38002224 PMCID: PMC10670670 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work concerned the production of an active food packaging suitable for refrigerated foods. Polylactic-acid-based films were produced by optimizing the solvent casting technique and testing different loadings of extracts obtained from spent coffee grounds. Indeed, an extract obtained by high-pressure and -temperature extraction (HPTE) and a further purified extract by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were separately used as active agents, and the effects on packaging features and active compounds migration were analyzed. The selected active agents showed antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition effects on food simulants (peroxide values of 9.2 ÷ 12.0 meqO2/kg extra virgin olive oil), demonstrating the possibility of enhancing food shelf life. In addition, significant effects on the packaging structure due to the presence of the extract were observed, since it can enhance gas barrier properties of the polymer (O2 permeability of 1.6 ÷ 1.3 × 10-9 cm2/s) and confer better processability. In general, the HPTE extract exhibited better performances than the further purified extract, which was due to the presence of a complex pool of antioxidants and the browning effect on the film but a limited loading capacity on the polymer (840 μg caffeine/g PLA), while higher loading capabilities were enabled using LLE extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pettinato
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Via All’Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Bolla
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Via All’Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Campardelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Via All’Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Firpo
- Department of Physics, Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Via All’Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
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Jin Y, Wang J, Gao X, Ren F, Chen Z, Sun Z, Ren P. Spent Coffee Grounds Derived Carbon Loading C, N Doped TiO 2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5137. [PMID: 37512411 PMCID: PMC10385829 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an ideal photocatalyst candidate due to its high activity, low toxicity and cost, and high chemical stability. However, its practical application in photocatalysis is seriously hindered by the wide band gap energy of TiO2 and the prone recombination of electron-hole pairs. In this study, C, N doped TiO2 were supported on spent coffee grounds-derived carbon (ACG) via in situ formation, which was denoted as C, N-TiO2@ACG. The obtained C, N-TiO2@ACG exhibits increased light absorption efficiency with the band gap energy decreasing from 3.31 eV of TiO2 to 2.34 eV, a higher specific surface area of 145.8 m2/g, and reduced recombination rates attributed to the synergistic effect of a spent coffee grounds-derived carbon substrate and C, N doping. Consequently, the optimal 1:1 C, N-TiO2@ACG delivers considerable photocatalytic activity with degradation efficiencies for methylene blue (MB) reaching 96.9% within 45 min, as well as a high reaction rate of 0.06348 min-1, approximately 4.66 times that of TiO2 (0.01361 min-1). Furthermore, it also demonstrated greatly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency towards methyl orange (MO) in the presence of MB compared with a single MO solution. This work provides a feasible and universal strategy of synchronous introducing nonmetal doping and biomass-derived carbon substrates to promote the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 for the degradation of organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Jin
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Fang Ren
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhengyan Chen
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhenfeng Sun
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Penggang Ren
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Jinhua South Road No. 5, Xi'an 710048, China
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Lee YG, Cho EJ, Maskey S, Nguyen DT, Bae HJ. Value-Added Products from Coffee Waste: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083562. [PMID: 37110796 PMCID: PMC10146170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee waste is often viewed as a problem, but it can be converted into value-added products if managed with clean technologies and long-term waste management strategies. Several compounds, including lipids, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, tannins, antioxidants, caffeine, polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and biofuel can be extracted or produced through recycling, recovery, or energy valorization. In this review, we will discuss the potential uses of by-products generated from the waste derived from coffee production, including coffee leaves and flowers from cultivation; coffee pulps, husks, and silverskin from coffee processing; and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) from post-consumption. The full utilization of these coffee by-products can be achieved by establishing suitable infrastructure and building networks between scientists, business organizations, and policymakers, thus reducing the economic and environmental burdens of coffee processing in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Gyo Lee
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Cho
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Shila Maskey
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh-Truong Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Duc Hoa 82000, Long An, Vietnam
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Fu L, Gong Y, Zhou Q, Ou Z, Rao X, Wang S, Huo C, Du X. Antioxidant and ultraviolet shielding performance of lignin-polysaccharide complex isolated from spent coffee ground. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123245. [PMID: 36639080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee ground (SCG) is a representative type of biomass waste with huge annual output. To better develop high value applications of SCG, in this study, the lignin-polysaccharide complex (LPC) was isolated from SCG by applying effective ball milling and the subsequent solvent extraction of 96 % 1, 4-dioxane aqueous solution. In addition to the comprehensive analyses of the obtained LPC regarding its chemical composition, surface morphology, molecular weight distribution, characteristic functional groups, surface chemical linkages, and thermal stability, its potentials in radical scavenging and UV shielding had been emphatically investigated. As revealed from the results, a proper duration (e.g., 4 h) of UV irradiation could evidently enhance the radical-scavenging capacity of LPC, ascribed to the increasing number of antioxidant groups. Moreover, the LPC-containing composite sunscreens also exhibited strengthened UV resistance after UV irradiation, which may benefit from the UV-induced conjugated structures and the π-π stacking of aromatic rings from both LPC and the active ingredients in commercial sunscreen. Therefore, LPC is highly promising to be exploited for the development of novel antioxidants and UV-shielding products, by virtue of its characteristic chemical structure and potential synergistic effect with other active ingredients from the composite.
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Bevilacqua E, Cruzat V, Singh I, Rose’Meyer RB, Panchal SK, Brown L. The Potential of Spent Coffee Grounds in Functional Food Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040994. [PMID: 36839353 PMCID: PMC9963703 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a popular and widely consumed beverage worldwide, with epidemiological studies showing reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, few studies have investigated the health effects of the post-brewing coffee product, spent coffee grounds (SCG), from either hot- or cold-brew coffee. SCG from hot-brew coffee improved metabolic parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome and improved gut microbiome in these rats and in humans; further, SCG reduced energy consumption in humans. SCG contains similar bioactive compounds as the beverage including caffeine, chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, polyphenols and melanoidins, with established health benefits and safety for human consumption. Further, SCG utilisation could reduce the estimated 6-8 million tonnes of waste each year worldwide from production of coffee as a beverage. In this article, we explore SCG as a major by-product of coffee production and consumption, together with the potential economic impacts of health and non-health applications of SCG. The known bioactive compounds present in hot- and cold-brew coffee and SCG show potential effects in cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease and metabolic disorders. Based on these potential health benefits of SCG, it is expected that foods including SCG may moderate chronic human disease while reducing the environmental impact of waste otherwise dumped in landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Bevilacqua
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Roselyn B. Rose’Meyer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-433-062-123
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Lauberts M, Mierina I, Pals M, Latheef MAA, Shishkin A. Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization in Biorefinery Context to Obtain Valuable Products Using Different Extraction Approaches and Solvents. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:30. [PMID: 36616167 PMCID: PMC9823728 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The valuable products that can be isolated from spent coffee ground (SCG) biomass consist of a high number of bioactive components, which are suitable for further application as raw materials in various production chains. This paper presents the potential value of the SCG obtained from large and local coffee beverage producers, for the production of valuable, biologically active products. Despite its high potential, SCG has not been utilized to its full potential value, but is instead discarded as waste in landfills. During its decomposition, SCG emits a large amount of CO2 and methane each year. The main novelty of our work is the implementation of sequential extraction with solvents of increased polarity that allows for the maximal removal of the available extractives. In addition, we have compared different extraction techniques, such as conventional and Soxhlet extraction, with more effective accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), which has seen relatively little use in terms of SCG extraction. By comparing these extraction methods and highlighting the key differences between them in terms of extraction yield and obtained extract composition, this work offers key insights for further SCG utilization. By using sequential and one-step accelerated solvent extraction, it is possible to obtain a significant number of extractives from SCG, with a yield above 20% of the starting biomass. The highest yield is for coffee oil, which is obtained with n-hexane ranging between 12% and 14% using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) according to the scheme: n-hexane→ethyl acetate→60% ethanol. Using single-stage extraction, increasing the ethanol concentration also increases the total phenolic content (TPC) and it ranges between 18.7-23.9 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) mg/g. The iodine values in the range of 164-174 using ASE and Soxhlet extraction shows that the hexane extracts contain a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids; coffee oils with a low acid number, in the range of 4.74-6.93, contain few free fatty acids. The characterization of separated coffee oil has shown that it mainly consists of linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and a small number of phenolic-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Lauberts
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Mierina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Matiss Pals
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mohammed Ammar Abdul Latheef
- Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrei Shishkin
- Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Kim B, Kim S, Cho DH, Jung H, Kim YG, Kim JS, Yang YH. Coproduction of exopolysaccharide and polyhydroxyalkanoates from Sphingobium yanoikuyae BBL01 using biochar pretreated plant biomass hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol 2022; 361:127753. [PMID: 35944863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingobium yanoikuyae BBL01 can produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). The effect of side products (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), vanillin, and acetate) produced during pretreatment of biomass was evaluated on S. yanoikuyae BBL01. It was observed that a certain concentration range (0.01-0.03 %) of these compounds can improve growth, EPS production, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation. The addition of HMF increases glucose and xylose utilization while other side products have a negative effect. The C/N of 5 favors EPS production (3.24 ± 0.05 g/L), while a higher C/N ratio of 30 promotes PHB accumulation (38.7 ± 0.08 % w/w), when commercial sugar is used as a carbon source. Pine biomass-derived biochar was able to remove 40 ± 2.1 % of total phenolic. Various biomass hydrolysates were evaluated and the use of detoxified pine biomass hydrolysate (DPH) as a carbon source resulted in the higher coproduction of EPS (2.83 ± 0.03 g/L) and PHB (40.8 ± 2.4 % w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Yust BG, Rao NZ, Schwarzmann ET, Peoples MH. Quantification of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts by Roast and Brew Method, and Their Utility in a Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165124. [PMID: 36014362 PMCID: PMC9413573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become increasingly important in modern society, and nanoparticles are routinely used in many areas of technology, industry, and commercial products. Many species of nanoparticle (NP) are typically synthesized using toxic or hazardous chemicals, making these methods less environmentally friendly. Consequently, there has been growing interest in green synthesis methods, which avoid unnecessary exposure to toxic chemicals and reduce harmful waste. Synthesis methods which utilize food waste products are particularly attractive because they add value and a secondary use for material which would otherwise be disposed of. Here, we show that spent coffee grounds (SCGs) that have already been used once in coffee brewing can be easily used to synthesize gold and silver NPs. SCGs derived from medium and dark roasts of the same bean source were acquired after brewing coffee by hot brew, cold brew, and espresso techniques. The total antioxidant activity (TAC) and total caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) of the aqueous SCG extracts were investigated, showing that hot brew SCGs had the highest CQA and TAC levels, while espresso SCGs had the lowest. SCG extract proved effective as a reducing agent in synthesizing gold and silver NPs regardless of roast or initial brew method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Yust
- Department of Physics, Thomas Jefferson University, East Falls Campus, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(215)-951-2879
| | - Niny Z. Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, East Falls Campus, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Evan T. Schwarzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, East Falls Campus, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Madisyn H. Peoples
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, East Falls Campus, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
- College of Computing & Informatics, Drexel University, 3675 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
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Franca AS, Oliveira LS. Potential Uses of Spent Coffee Grounds in the Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142064. [PMID: 35885305 PMCID: PMC9316316 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current estimates place the amount of spent coffee grounds annually generated worldwide in the 6 million ton figure, with the sources of spent coffee grounds being classified as domestic (i.e., household), commercial (i.e., coffee houses, cafeterias and restaurants), and industrial (i.e., soluble and instant coffee industries). The majority of the produced spent coffee grounds are currently being inappropriately destined for landfills or to a form of energy recovery (e.g., incineration) as a refuse-derived fuel. The disposal of spent coffee in landfills allows for its anaerobic degradation with consequent generation and emission of aggressive greenhouse gases such as methane and CO2, and energy recovery processes must be considered an end-of-life stage in the lifecycle of spent coffee grounds, as a way of delaying CO2 emissions and of avoiding emissions of toxic organic volatile compounds generated during combustion of this type of waste. Aside from these environmental issues, an aspect that should be considered is the inappropriate disposal of a product (SCG) that presents unique thermo-mechanical properties and textural characteristics and that is rich in a diversity of classes of compounds, such as polysaccharides, proteins, phenolics, lipids and alkaloids, which could be recovered and used in a diversity of applications, including food-related ones. Therefore, researchers worldwide are invested in studying a variety of possible applications for spent coffee grounds and products thereof, including (but not limited to) biofuels, catalysts, cosmetics, composite materials, feed and food ingredients. Hence, the aim of this essay was to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the proposals for utilization of spent coffee grounds in food-related applications, with focus on chemical composition of spent coffee, recovery of bioactive compounds, use as food ingredients and as components in the manufacture of composite materials that can be used in food applications, such as packaging.
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Bijla L, Aissa R, Laknifli A, Bouyahya A, Harhar H, Gharby S. Spent coffee grounds: A sustainable approach toward novel perspectives of valorization. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14190. [PMID: 35553079 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular and preferred drinks in the world, being consumed for its refreshing and energizing properties. As a result, the consumption of coffee generates millions of tons of waste, in particular, spent coffee grounds (SCG). On the contrary, food waste recovery is an incredibly sustainable and convenient solution to the growing need for materials, fuels, and chemicals. SCG has been developed as a precious resource of several high value-added products (oil, proteins, minerals, fatty acids, sterols….). Thus, a transformative pathway to a circular economy that involves the valorization of coffee wastes and by-products is currently attracting the attention of researchers worldwide. The potential growth of scientific papers and publications promotes a comprehensive review to determine the research hotspots, knowledge structure, and to consider future avenues and challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we conducted a systematic review based on 275 indexed papers on the composition and valorization of SCG as a prospective environmental source. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: SCG can be applied in agro-food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Bijla
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment Team, LBME, Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Rabha Aissa
- Bioprocesses and Environment Team, LASIME, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Laknifli
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment Team, LBME, Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratoire de Materiaux, Nanotechnologie et Environnement LMNE, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Mohammed V de rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Gharby
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment Team, LBME, Faculty Polydisciplinary of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
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12
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Arun J, Vigneshwar SS, Swetha A, Gopinath KP, Basha S, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Bio-based algal (Chlorella vulgaris) refinery on de-oiled algae biomass cake: A study on biopolymer and biodiesel production. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151579. [PMID: 34774934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel bio-refinery concept was designed for efficient utilization of de-oiled algae cake as bio-resource for biopolymer (Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB)) production and thereby making the biorefinery process more economical and sustainable by completely utilizing the algal biomass without the production of waste algal residues. Algal oil was extracted from Chlorella vulgaris biomass via Bligh and Dyer method for biodiesel production through parabolic solar trough collector. Maximum lipid yield was 27.5 wt% at a temperature of 45 °C with de-oiled cake (DC) yield of 0.37 g. Maximum algal oil conversion efficiency was 89% and 94% for 0.3 wt% of clam shell waste and commercial calcium oxide catalyst at 90 min. After a reaction time of 120 h, the glucose, soluble sugars, xylose, and arabinose in the DC was reduced by 53%, 21%, 63%, and 69% respectively. The maximum PHB yield was 0.41 g PHB/g DC. This study provides additional support for the algal refineries on sustainability and circular usage of algae biomass for production of multiple products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Arun
- Center for Waste Management-'International Research Center', Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 603 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Shri Vigneshwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College OF Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Authilingam Swetha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College OF Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sakeenabi Basha
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, PO box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Bobková A, Poláková K, Demianová A, Belej Ľ, Bobko M, Jurčaga L, Gálik B, Novotná I, Iriondo-dehond A, del Castillo MDD. Comparative Analysis of Selected Chemical Parameters of Coffea arabica, from Cascara to Silverskin. Foods 2022; 11:1082. [PMID: 35454667 PMCID: PMC9027595 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increased interest in coffee derivatives (green beans, roasted beans, and coffee by-products (Cascara and Silverskin)) due to their particular chemical composition. This study aimed to compare the content of dry matter, total fat, fatty acids, and fiber (ADF, NDF) of coffee by-products (Cascara and Silverskin) and coffee beans (green and roasted under different conditions). Coffee beans and their by-products were obtained from 100% C. arabica coffee cherries from Panama by dry process. The lowest concentrations of fat corresponded to Cascara 4.24 g·kg−1 and Silverskin 23.70 g·kg−1, respectively. The major fatty acids detected in all samples were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, the latter two being essential fatty acids. LDA showed that 89.01% of the variability between beans and by-products was explained by lignoceric, myristic, behenic, tricosanoic, arachidic, and heneicosanoic acids. Silverskin appeared to be a good source of lignoceric, myristic, and behenic acids and had a higher concentration of dietary fiber (314.95 g·kg−1) than Cascara (160.03 g·kg−1). Coffee by-products (Silverskin and Cascara) are low-fat products enriched in dietary fiber. Their incorporation, after adjustment, into the global diet may contribute to nutrition security, the sustainability of the coffee sector, and human health.
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Ahmed Alshareef S, Abdullah Alqadami A, Ali Khan M, Alanazi HS, Raza Siddiqui M, Jeon BH. Simultaneous co-hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation of food wastes to develop hydrochar for aquatic environmental remediation. Bioresour Technol 2022; 347:126363. [PMID: 34801725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Locally generated food wastes, such as Arabic coffee ground (ACG) and olive oil cake (OOC) were converted to N-ACG: OOC - 3 hydrochar (HC) through simultaneous co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) and chemical activation. The optimized ACG: OOC mass ratio (g: g) and chemical activation agent used were 1.2: 0.8 and 0.1 M HNO3, respectively. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the dominance of oxygen-containing functionalities, whereas the X-ray diffraction pattern displayed peaks for both sucrose and cellulose on N-ACG: OOC - 3. The developed HC was tested for methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) adsorption in aqueous systems. Batch scale adsorption studies showed pH, initial concentration (Co), time (t), and temperature (T) dependent dye uptake. Maximum dye uptake was observed at pH 7, with 50 - 70% and 76 - 90 % CV and MB removal achieved within 15 min at varied Co: 50 - 200 mg/L. Adsorption was governed by multiple mechanisms, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and n-π interactions. Dye elution was higher in ethanol (EtOH: C2H5OH), and CV elution (50.8%) was more significant than MB elution (14.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamdah S Alanazi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoom Raza Siddiqui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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15
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Bomfim ASCD, Oliveira DMD, Voorwald HJC, Benini KCCDC, Dumont M, Rodrigue D. Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as Precursors for Biopolymers and Composite Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:437. [PMID: 35160428 PMCID: PMC8840223 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a current subject in many works since coffee is the second most consumed beverage worldwide; however, coffee generates a high amount of waste (SCG) and can cause environmental problems if not discarded properly. Therefore, several studies on SCG valorization have been published, highlighting its waste as a valuable resource for different applications, such as biofuel, energy, biopolymer precursors, and composite production. This review provides an overview of the works using SCG as biopolymer precursors and for polymer composite production. SCG are rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals. In particular, carbohydrates (polysaccharides) can be extracted and fermented to synthesize lactic acid, succinic acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). On the other hand, it is possible to extract the coffee oil and to synthesize PHA from lipids. Moreover, SCG have been successfully used as a filler for composite production using different polymer matrices. The results show the reasonable mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of SCG to support their applications, from food packaging to the automotive industry.
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16
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Chilakamarry CR, Mimi Sakinah AM, Zularisam AW, Sirohi R, Khilji IA, Ahmad N, Pandey A. Advances in solid-state fermentation for bioconversion of agricultural wastes to value-added products: Opportunities and challenges. Bioresour Technol 2022; 343:126065. [PMID: 34624472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increase in solid waste has become a common problem and causes environmental pollution worldwide. A green approach to valorise solid waste for sustainable development is required. Agricultural residues are considered suitable for conversion into profitable products through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Agricultural wastes have high organic content that is used as potential substrates to produce value-added products through SSF. The importance of process variables used in solid-phase fermentation is described. The applications of SSF developed products in the food industry as flavouring agents, acidifiers, preservatives and flavour enhancers. SSF produces secondary metabolites and essential enzymes. Wastes from agricultural residues are used as bioremediation agents, biofuels and biocontrol agents through microbial processing. In this review paper, the value addition of agricultural wastes by SSF through green processing is discussed with the current knowledge on the scenarios, sustainability opportunities and future directions of a circular economy for solid waste utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - A M Mimi Sakinah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia.
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Irshad Ahamad Khilji
- Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Noormazlinah Ahmad
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
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17
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Volova TG, Kiselev EG, Demidenko AV, Zhila NO, Nemtsev IV, Lukyanenko AV. Production and Properties of Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized from Hydrolysates of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers and Vegetative Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010132. [PMID: 35012158 PMCID: PMC8747110 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in PHA biotechnology is optimization of biotechnological processes of the entire synthesis, mainly by using new inexpensive carbon substrates. A promising substrate for PHA synthesis may be the sugars extracted from the Jerusalem artichoke. In the present study, hydrolysates of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) tubers and vegetative biomass were produced and used as carbon substrate for PHA synthesis. The hydrolysis procedure (the combination of aqueous extraction and acid hydrolysis, process temperature and duration) influenced the content of reducing substances (RS), monosaccharide contents, and the fructose/glucose ratio. All types of hydrolysates tested as substrates for cultivation of three strains—C. necator B-10646 and R. eutropha B 5786 and B 8562—were suitable for PHA synthesis, producing different biomass concentrations and polymer contents. The most productive process, conducted in 12-L fermenters, was achieved on hydrolysates of JA tubers (X = 66.9 g/L, 82% PHA) and vegetative biomass (55.1 g/L and 62% PHA) produced by aqueous extraction of sugars at 80 °C followed by acid hydrolysis at 60 °C, using the most productive strain, C. necator B-10646. The effects of JA hydrolysates on physicochemical properties of PHAs were studied for the first time. P(3HB) specimens synthesized from the JA hydrolysates, regardless of the source (tubers or vegetative biomass), hydrolysis conditions, and PHA producing strain employed, exhibited the 100–120 °C difference between the Tmelt and Tdegr, prevailing of the crystalline phase over the amorphous one (Cx between 69 and 75%), and variations in weight average molecular weight (409–480) kDa. Supplementation of the culture medium of C. necator B-10646 grown on JA hydrolysates with potassium valerate and ε-caprolactone resulted in the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) and P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers that had decreased degrees of crystallinity and molecular weights, which influenced the porosity and surface roughness of polymer films prepared from them. The study shows that JA hydrolysates used as carbon source enabled productive synthesis of PHAs, comparable to synthesis from pure sugars. The next step is to scale up PHA synthesis from JA hydrolysates and conduct the feasibility study. The present study contributes to the solution of the critical problem of PHA biotechnology—finding widely available and inexpensive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G. Volova
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Kiselev
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Demidenko
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia O. Zhila
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-391-290-54-91; Fax: +7-391-243-34-00
| | - Ivan V. Nemtsev
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Lukyanenko
- Basic Department of Biotechnology, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.G.V.); (E.G.K.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.N.); (A.V.L.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Sun Y, Guan Y, Khoo HE, Li X. In vitro Assessment of Chemical and Pre-biotic Properties of Carboxymethylated Polysaccharides From Passiflora edulis Peel, Xylan, and Citrus Pectin. Front Nutr 2021; 8:778563. [PMID: 34926554 PMCID: PMC8678565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.778563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the carboxymethylation effect of crude water-soluble polysaccharides of Passiflora edulis peel (WPEP), xylan (XY), and citrus pectin (CP). Their chemical and pre-biotic properties were also determined. The polysaccharides were carboxymethylated by reacting with chloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide. The carboxymethylated and non-carboxymethylated polysaccharides were also used as pre-biotics to study the growth pattern of selected intestinal microflora. These polysaccharides substituted the glucose solution in culture media for culturing Lactobacillus brevis GIM1.773, Lactobacillus plantarum GIM1.19, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus GIM1.155, and Streptococcus thermophilus GIM1.540. The results showed that the carboxymethylated polysaccharides c-XY, c-CP, and c-WPEP, had substitution degrees of 0.682, 0.437, and 0.439, respectively. The polysaccharides demonstrated resistance to digestion in the simulated human digestive models. The resistance to digestion was enhanced by carboxymethylation, especially the carboxymethylated CP and WPEP. The results also showed that the pre-biotic activities of the polysaccharides increased after carboxymethylation. The c-XY had a better pre-biotic effect than XY and the other carbohydrate samples. The findings suggested that carboxymethylated polysaccharides may be developed into novel pre-biotics and nutraceuticals that could promote growth of the probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering Program, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering Program, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering Program, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Hock Eng Khoo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering Program, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering Program, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering Program, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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Sirohi R, Lee JS, Yu BS, Roh H, Sim SJ. Sustainable production of polyhydroxybutyrate from autotrophs using CO 2 as feedstock: Challenges and opportunities. Bioresour Technol 2021; 341:125751. [PMID: 34416655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to industrialization and rapid increase in world population, the global energy consumption has increased dramatically. As a consequence, there is increased consumption of fossil fuels, leading to a rapid increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. This accumulated CO2 can be efficiently used by autotrophs as a carbon source to produce chemicals and biopolymers. There has been increasing attention on the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biopolymer, with focus on reducing the production cost. For this, cheaper renewable feedstocks, molecular tools, including metabolic and genetic engineering have been explored to improve microbial strains along with process engineering aspects for scale-up of PHB production. This review discusses the recent advents on the utilization of CO2 as feedstock especially by engineered autotrophs, for sustainable production of PHB. The review also discusses the innovations in cultivation technology and process monitoring while understanding the underlying mechanisms for CO2 to biopolymer conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Roh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Miladi M, Martins AA, Mata TM, Vegara M, Pérez-infantes M, Remmani R, Ruiz-canales A, Núñez-gómez D. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:2085. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-value products, such as polymers. This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SCG oil using n-hexane as a solvent. Three key process parameters are analyzed: temperature, extraction time, and liquid/solid (L/S) rate of solvent, using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), an analysis that, to the author’s knowledge, is not yet available in the literature. The data were analyzed using the software StatSoft STATISTICA 13.1 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results show that all parameters have a statistical influence on the process performance (p < 0.05), being the L/S ratio the most significant, followed by extraction time and temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the empirical model is a good fit to the experimental data at a 95% confidence level. For the range of conditions considered in this work, the optimal operating conditions for obtaining an oil extraction yield in the range of 12 to 13%wt are a solvent L/S ratio of around 16 mL g−1, for a temperature in the range of 50 to 60 °C, and the longest contact time, limited by the process economics and health and safety issues and also, by the n-hexane boiling temperature.
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21
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Lee WH, Choi SR, Kim JG. Spent Coffee Grounds as Eco-Friendly Additives for Aluminum-Air Batteries. ACS Omega 2021; 6:25529-25538. [PMID: 34632210 PMCID: PMC8495842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to the recycling of spent coffee grounds is described in which lignin, a chemical component of spent coffee, is used as an electrolyte additive in aluminum-air batteries. The effect of lignin on the performance of aluminum-air batteries has been investigated by weight loss measurement, galvanostatic discharge test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The corrosion inhibition efficiency is improved up to 37.3% and fuel efficiency up to 21.7% at 500 ppm of lignin molecules. The chemisorption of lignin molecules on the aluminum surface improves battery performance. Adsorption of lignin molecules onto the aluminum surface is driven by the electrostatic interaction between the lignin's hydroxyl group and the aluminum surface. The mechanism for the performance improvement is explained by the chemisorption behavior of lignin molecules. The adsorption behavior has been investigated by scanning electronic microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Freundlich adsorption isotherm, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and the computational calculation of adsorption energies based on the density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-hyuk Lee
- School of Advanced Materials
Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2nd Engineering Building #26214A, #300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ryul Choi
- School of Advanced Materials
Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2nd Engineering Building #26214A, #300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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22
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Otoni CG, Azeredo HMC, Mattos BD, Beaumont M, Correa DS, Rojas OJ. The Food-Materials Nexus: Next Generation Bioplastics and Advanced Materials from Agri-Food Residues. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102520. [PMID: 34510571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most recent strategies available for upcycling agri-food losses and waste (FLW) into functional bioplastics and advanced materials are reviewed and the valorization of food residuals are put in perspective, adding to the water-food-energy nexus. Low value or underutilized biomass, biocolloids, water-soluble biopolymers, polymerizable monomers, and nutrients are introduced as feasible building blocks for biotechnological conversion into bioplastics. The latter are demonstrated for their incorporation in multifunctional packaging, biomedical devices, sensors, actuators, and energy conversion and storage devices, contributing to the valorization efforts within the future circular bioeconomy. Strategies are introduced to effectively synthesize, deconstruct and reassemble or engineer FLW-derived monomeric, polymeric, and colloidal building blocks. Multifunctional bioplastics are introduced considering the structural, chemical, physical as well as the accessibility of FLW precursors. Processing techniques are analyzed within the fields of polymer chemistry and physics. The prospects of FLW streams and biomass surplus, considering their availability, interactions with water and thermal stability, are critically discussed in a near-future scenario that is expected to lead to next-generation bioplastics and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio G Otoni
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Henriette M C Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE, 60511-110, Brazil
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
| | - Daniel S Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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La Scalia G, Saeli M, Miglietta PP, Micale R. Coffee biowaste valorization within circular economy: an evaluation method of spent coffee grounds potentials for mortar production. Int J Life Cycle Assess 2021; 26:1805-1815. [PMID: 34566270 PMCID: PMC8449833 DOI: 10.1007/s11367-021-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are biowastes extensively generated within the coffee supply chain. Nowadays, their disposal represents an increasing environmental concern due to its toxicity and organic nature. With the estimated increase of coffee production and consumption in the upcoming years, there is an imperative need to find a proper reverse option, along with a novel industrial application, which allows for the valorization of this coffee by-product within a circular economy perspective. This study aims at investigating a potential reuse of spent coffee grounds to produce novel construction materials to be used for sustainable buildings. METHODS After having illustrated the forward flows within the coffee life cycle and the potential reverse flow options, an evaluation method based on multi-criteria analyses was elaborated to test not only the technical but also the environmental and economic performances of novel materials originating from the incorporation of SCG as an aggregate in natural hydraulic lime and geopolymer-based mortars. Moreover, we focus on the reuse of another waste streams- biomass fly ash-deriving from the paper-pulp industry, rarely investigated in both traditional construction applications and in geopolymer manufacture. The two (geopolymer- and lime-based) mortar typologies are here studied and compared as potential green material for applications in construction, with satisfying engineering performance and high insulation attitude, giving a new life to a common organic waste. Consequently, we compare eight formulations by means of multi-criteria approaches that are nowadays claimed as a useful and effective decision aiding support instrument to assess the development of new sustainable construction materials. They permit to consider simultaneously some controversial and often uncertain aspects like technological (as the usual scientific studies do), environmental, and economic (more difficult to easily approach and evaluate). For this purpose, in this paper, we have analyzed the performance of the novel bio-composite mortars using VIKOR and TOPSIS methods to rank a set of alternatives according to various evaluation criteria that often conflict one with each other. RESULTS Results show that adding spent coffee grounds can efficiently improve the technical and sustainable performances of the novel mortars for different applications in the building sector. The presence of SCG increases water absorption and improves the insulation performance along with an environmental impact reduction. The considered technological properties are highly promising-such as the improvement in thermal insulation. In particular, even the addition of only 5% SCG leads to a significant reduction of the thermal conductivity and consequently to a greater insulating performance. CONCLUSIONS To date, most of the available literature on recycling SCG in construction materials do not consider mortar-based applications and, moreover, nor multi-criteria approaches. Therefore, our study proposes itself as an innovative track solution to food waste management lowering the employment of non-renewable natural resources and the costs associated to construction material production. At the same time, a novel and innovative way of such waste disposal is suggested, pursuing the sustainability and substantially reducing the environmental impact of construction and building materials. This study is a fundamental step in assessing the applicability of our designed and produced materials and its potentials to be produced at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada La Scalia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bld 8, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Saeli
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bld 8-14, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Miglietta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosa Micale
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bld 8, Palermo, Italy
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24
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Rosson E, Sgarbossa P, Mozzon M, Venturino F, Bogialli S, Glisenti A, Talon A, Moretti E, Carturan SM, Tamburini S, Famengo A, da Costa Ribeiro AP, Benhabiles S, Kamel R, Zorzi F, Bertani R. Novel Correlations between Spectroscopic and Morphological Properties of Activated Carbons from Waste Coffee Grounds. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:1637. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive quantities of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are generated by users around the world. Different processes have been proposed for SCG valorization, including pyrolytic processes to achieve carbonaceous materials. Here, we report the preparation of activated carbons through pyrolytic processes carried out under different experimental conditions and in the presence of various porosity activators. Textural and chemical characterization of the obtained carbons have been achieved through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), ESEM, 13C solid state NMR, XPS, XRD, thermogravimetric and spectroscopic determinations. The aim of the paper is to relate these data to the preparation method, evaluating the correlation between the spectroscopic data and the physical and textural properties, also in comparison with the corresponding data obtained for three commercial activated carbons used in industrial adsorption processes. Some correlations have been observed between the Raman and XPS data.
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25
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Abstract
A continuous increase in global population is demanding more development and industrialization, which leads to the production of various waste such as municipal wastewater, agricultural waste, industrial waste, medical waste, electronic wastes, etc [...]
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26
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Pryadko A, Surmeneva MA, Surmenev RA. Review of Hybrid Materials Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1738. [PMID: 34073335 PMCID: PMC8199458 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on hybrid polyhydroxyalkanoate-based (PHA) biomaterials with improved physico-mechanical, chemical, and piezoelectric properties and controlled biodegradation rate for applications in bone, cartilage, nerve and skin tissue engineering. PHAs are polyesters produced by a wide range of bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. They are biodegradable, biocompatible, and piezoelectric polymers, which make them very attractive biomaterials for various biomedical applications. As naturally derived materials, PHAs have been used for multiple cell and tissue engineering applications; however, their widespread biomedical applications are limited due to their lack of toughness, elasticity, hydrophilicity and bioactivity. The chemical structure of PHAs allows them to combine with other polymers or inorganic materials to form hybrid composites with improved structural and functional properties. Their type (films, fibers, and 3D printed scaffolds) and properties can be tailored with fabrication methods and materials used as fillers. Here, we are aiming to fill in a gap in literature, revealing an up-to-date overview of ongoing research strategies that make use of PHAs as versatile and prospective biomaterials. In this work, a systematic and detailed review of works investigating PHA-based hybrid materials with tailored properties and performance for use in tissue engineering applications is carried out. A literature survey revealed that PHA-based composites have better performance for use in tissue regeneration applications than pure PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roman A. Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.P.); (M.A.S.)
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