1
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Zhang H, Tong H, Yin Q, Qiu Y, Xu H, Li S. Efficient production of ectoine from Jerusalem artichoke using engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 431:132589. [PMID: 40288656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
In this study, a recombinant Escherichia coli strain was constructed to produce ectoine from Jerusalem artichoke through modular pathway engineering. First, a promoter-optimized ectoine synthesis module was integrated into the chromosome using multiple copies. Then, the introduction and expression of inulin hydrolase was optimized because inulin cannot be directly utilized. Subsequently, Fructose transport and phosphorylation, glycolysis, and oxaloacetate supply module were enhanced separately and in combination to improve ectoine production and substrate utilization. The strain ETC16 (co-expression of gapA, ppc, and fruK, ΔiclR) produced 6.51 g/L ectoine with 0.13 g/g inulin. Furthermore, the raw inulin extract and monosodium glutamate (MSG) residue were optimized for ectoine production. Finally, 35.60 g/L of ectoine with a yield of 0.36 g/g inulin was achieved in a 7.5 L fermenter. This study revealed a potential method of non-food fermentation to produce high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hairui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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2
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Kirdat K, Patwekar U, Jain K, Mubarak M, Choudhary P, Thakkar L, Thorat V, Madamwar D, Lodha T, Yadav A. Genomic insights into Neopusillimonas aestuarii sp. nov., a novel estuarine bacterium with adaptations for ectoine biosynthesis and stress tolerance. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2025; 118:82. [PMID: 40418388 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-025-02093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic rod-shaped bacterial strain, which was catalase- and oxidase-positive, designated as DMV24BSW_DT, was isolated from the estuarine waters of the Bhavnagar (India) coast of the Arabian Sea. Its 16S rRNA gene exhibited 99.52% similarity with Neopusillimonas maritima 17-4AT, followed by 97.95% similarity with the Pusillimonas caeni strain EBR-8-1 and 97.4% similarity with the P. noertemannii strain BN9T. Phylogenomic analysis using BPGA (14,332 aa) and UBCG (90,261 bp) tools revealed a unique phylogenetic position within the genus Neopusillimonas. The genome exhibited a G + C content of 53.25%. In comparison with N. maritima 17-4AT, the strain demonstrated an average nucleotide identity (ANIb) of 94.47% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 60.1%, indicating distinct genomic divergence. The genome of DMV24BSW_DT contains several unique metabolic genes that facilitate efficient electron transfer during aerobic respiration. Additionally, it harbours one intact prophage and four defective prophages, indicating ongoing viral interactions. The genome encodes a complete pathway for ectoine biosynthesis and transportation. Strain DMV24BSW_DT tested positive for gelatin hydrolysis and demonstrated the ability to utilize a wide range of carbohydrates, including α-D-glucose, D-melibiose, D-fructose, L-rhamnose, and various organic acids, such as methyl pyruvate and propionic acid, along with tolerance to fluctuating pH (5 to 10) and salinity (0-4% NaCl). The major polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, while fatty acid analysis revealed C12:0, C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, and summed feature 2 (C12:0 aldehyde/unknown) as major components. The respiratory quinones identified were MK-7 and MK-8. These comprehensive phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics support the unique taxonomic position of DMV24BSW_DT within the genus Neopusillimonas and the proposal of a novel species of the genus Neopusillimonas, for which the name Neopusillimonas aestuarii sp. nov. (Type strain DMV24BSW_DT = MCC 2506 T = KCTC 72453 T = JCM 34508 T) is proposed.
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Grants
- BT/Coord.II/01/03/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/Coord.II/01/03/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/Coord.II/01/03/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/Coord.II/01/03/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/Coord.II/01/03/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kirdat
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Umera Patwekar
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, 388315, India
| | - Malad Mubarak
- Ajinkya DY Patil University, Airport Road, Charholi Budruk, Pune, 412105, India
| | - Pradeep Choudhary
- Dr. DY Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Pimpri-Chinchwad, 411033, India
| | - Lucky Thakkar
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vipool Thorat
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Charusat Campus, Changa, 388421, India
| | - Tushar Lodha
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
- Bioenergy Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Shivajinagar, Pune, 411004, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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Berberov K, Atanasova N, Teodosiu-Beleuţă G, Boyadzieva I. Prospecting the biotechnological potential of culturable halophilic bacteria isolated from Provadia salt deposit (Bulgaria) near the oldest salt production and urban complex in Europe. Extremophiles 2025; 29:21. [PMID: 40240543 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-025-01387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Halophilic bacteria are recognized as a promising source of novel enzymes and biopolymers with various applications in biotechnology and the industry. In comparison with their mesophilic analogues, halophilic metabolites are stable under extreme conditions typically encountered in the industrial processes. In this study, the biotechnological potential of twenty strains of halophilic bacteria isolated from the Provadia salt deposit, Bulgaria was investigated for the first time. The strains were identified based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and were assigned to 13 different species falling in the Bacillota and Pseudomonadota phyla. The majority (90%) of them showed single or combined hydrolytic enzyme activity. Half of the strains (55%) were able to produce between three and eight extracellular hydrolytic enzymes-arabinase, cellulase, gelatinase, glucanase, L-glutaminase, pectinase, and xylanase. Ten strains were able to synthesise exopolysaccharides (EPS) in concentration between 32 and 227 μg/ml. The optimal EPS production kinetics (1.6 ± 0.15 g/l) by Virgibacillus halodenitrificans PSZ-34 was systematically investigated for the first time. Three strains also exhibited antimicrobial activity. The present study involved culture-dependant isolation of halophilic bacteria from the Provadia salt deposit and shed more light on their capability to synthesise hydrolytic enzymes and EPS with potential industrial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloyan Berberov
- Laboratory of Extremophilic Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina Atanasova
- Laboratory of Extremophilic Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Teodosiu-Beleuţă
- Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul - Independenţei, P.O. Box 56-53, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ivanka Boyadzieva
- Laboratory of Extremophilic Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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4
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Huang-Lin E, Lebrero R, Cantera S. Continuous Valorization of Carbon Dioxide into the Fine Chemical Ectoine by Hydrogenovibrio marinus: A New Strategy for Pharmaceutical Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:5088-5097. [PMID: 40038913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Current challenges in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, such as ectoine production, include high operational costs and limited availability. Transitioning to processes that valorize renewable carbon sources like CO2 into ectoine can make production more sustainable and accessible to the economy and society. However, cell platforms that produce ectoine with CO2 still require bioprocess optimization and resilient microorganisms able to continuously maintain high ectoine yields and CO2 removals. A comprehensive screening of cultivation and operational strategies was conducted in six stirred-tank gas bioreactors using the strain Hydrogenovibrio marinus, a halophilic, fast-growing, hydrogenotrophic bacterium with low nutrient requirements. Gas residence times of 120 min at gas ratios of 10:40:50 CO2:H2:air (% v/v) and dilution rates of 0.25 d-1 boosted ectoine production and biomass growth during long-term operation. Under these conditions, ectoine productivity reached 5.0 ± 0.3 g m-3 d-1, with maximum specific ectoine contents of 134.0 ± 6.3 mgEct gbiomass-1, achieving yields similar to heterotrophic strains. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of integrating ectoine production with continuous CO2 abatement using H2 as a clean and hazard-free energy source, which marks a significant advancement in sustainable ectoine manufacturing and CO2 circularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Huang-Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - S Cantera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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5
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Xingrong L, Gorish BMT, Qaria MA, Hussain A, Abdelmula WIY, Zhu D. Unlocking Ectoine's Postbiotic Therapeutic Promise: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2025:10.1007/s12602-025-10506-5. [PMID: 40072821 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-025-10506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Ectoine, a cytoprotective compound derived from bacteria and categorized as a postbiotic, is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to traditional therapeutic agents, frequently presenting considerable side effects. This extensive review underscores the effectiveness of ectoine as a postbiotic in managing conditions such as rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, all while demonstrating a commendable safety profile. Its capacity to establish robust hydrogen bonds without compromising cellular integrity supports its potential application in anti-aging and cancer prevention strategies. Recent studies have clarified ectoine's function in alleviating oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants and ultraviolet radiation, broadening its advantages for skin and ecological health. The review details ectoine's mechanisms of action, which include the protection of cellular macromolecules, modulation of inflammation, and prevention of apoptosis, while also highlighting emerging research that positions ectoine as a promising postbiotic candidate for therapeutic strategies in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune conditions, and metabolic syndromes. Additionally, the review addresses challenges such as the low bioavailability of ectoine in eukaryotic cells, the constraints on scalability for industrial production, and the high costs associated with synthetic biology methods. Future prospects for ectoine as a postbiotic therapeutic option are also discussed, including the potential for advanced delivery systems, such as ectoine-loaded nanoparticles and hydrogels, to improve stability and bioavailability, as well as synergistic combinations with phytochemicals like resveratrol and curcumin to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Integrating artificial intelligence into ectoine research revolutionizes understanding its therapeutic properties, streamlining drug formulation and clinical applications. By synthesizing insights into ectoine's molecular mechanisms and investigating new therapeutic pathways, this review advocates for advancing ectoine as a natural postbiotic therapeutic agent, addressing contemporary health challenges while meeting the growing demand for safer alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xingrong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Majjid A Qaria
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Arif Hussain
- Independent Researcher, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
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6
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Li C, Zheng H, Li Y, Liu L, Wang J, Li H, Zhang Y, Liao C, Ni J. Facilitated Channeling of Fixed Carbon and Energy into Chemicals in Artificial Phototrophic Communities. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:4707-4713. [PMID: 39868922 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c15940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Light-driven CO2 biovalorization offers a promising route for coupling carbon mitigation with petrochemical replacement. Synthetic phototrophic communities that mimic lichens can reduce the metabolic burden with improved CO2 utilization. However, inefficient channeling of carbon and energy between species seriously hinders the collaborative CO2-to-molecule route. Herein, we report a universal carbon sequestration (UCS) module based on photosynthetic microbes that provides a high-speed tunnel for channeling carbon and energy to heterotrophs. Compared to that of the traditional CO2-to-sucrose module, the UCS module sequestered 30% more carbon into glycerol, a generally available carbon source with high energy density. We demonstrated that the UCS module can be highly compatible with various industrial chassis and genetically recalcitrant microbes, enabling the rapid development of synthetic phototrophic communities without additional genetic manipulation. Notably, the accelerated electron transport and nutrient recycling systems may facilitate carbon and energy communications between cooperative partners. These UCS module-based communities efficiently channeled CO2 into a wide range of chemicals, with a negative carbon footprint of -25.04 to -440.74 kgCO2e/kg of products. This strategy widens the boundaries of artificial photosynthetic communities and may boost carbon-negative biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Liangxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hengrun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaoyue Zhang
- Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology, Lumy Biotechnology, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology, Lumy Biotechnology, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Gruškienė R, Sereikaitė J. The effect of extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine on the heat-induced protein aggregation: The case of growth hormone. Biochimie 2025; 229:42-48. [PMID: 39389448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine are osmolytes found in extremophilic microorganisms. They are stabilisers of proteins and other macromolecules, including DNA and lipids. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the additives on the heat-induced aggregation of mink growth hormone as a model protein. The first-order rate constants of protein aggregation were determined at 60 °C depending on the additive concentration and pH of the solution. The onset temperature of aggregation was also recorded using a circular dichroism spectropolarimeter. The study showed that the effect of the additives depended on the pH of the solution. The first-order rate constants of aggregation were lower when the protein molecule had a negative charge. The effect also depended on the structure of the extremolyte itself. When the protein molecule was positively charged, hydroxyectoine destabilised the mink growth hormone molecule and promoted the aggregation. The different effects of the additives were determined by the different interactions with the protein molecules, as shown by circular dichroism measurements and previously by fluorescence spectroscopy. Therefore, when using ectoine or hydroxyectoine for protein formulation, the effect of the additive should be carefully analysed for each protein individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Gruškienė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Sereikaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Vargas SK, Sharifi F, Nambayan R, Moshashaee S, Siahaan TJ. Formulation development and feasibility of AAV5 as a lyophilized drug product. J Pharm Sci 2025; 114:1214-1223. [PMID: 39827914 PMCID: PMC11844822 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2025.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
The majority of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapies are currently developed as frozen formulations (e.g., ≤ - 60 °C) that are challenging to maintain and distribute world-wide. Lyophilization can allow for long-term refrigerated storage and improved shelf-life that lowers long-term cost. Here, we performed a lyophilization feasibility study to assess the ability of several different excipients to stabilize AAV5 during lyophilization and on storage stability. A range of biophysical techniques were used to assess capsid integrity on a molecular level including quantification of externalized DNA, capsid particle size, and capsid monomer percent area. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was used for the first time to monitor the size and integrity of the capsids subjected to the lyophilization process, and the results supported other characterization methods used in this study. A formulation containing hydroxyectoine and trehalose stabilized capsid structure directly after lyophilization, as observed directly by 5.0 % of internally stained capsids (empty) and indirectly with 7.5 % external DNA. A recombinant human albumin and trehalose formulation stabilized capsid structure on stability as observed by improved external DNA and monomer profiles overtime. Adversely, mannitol crystallization negatively affected capsid structure. Our findings indicate that lyophilization is a viable option to frozen formulation for stabilizing AAV5 drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Vargas
- Drug Product and Device Technologies, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949 USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA.
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Drug Product and Device Technologies, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949 USA
| | - Reinard Nambayan
- Drug Product and Device Technologies, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949 USA
| | - Saeed Moshashaee
- Drug Product and Device Technologies, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949 USA
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
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Guo S, Li C, Su Y, Huang X, Zhang C, Dai Y, Ji Y, Fu R, Zheng T, Fei Q, Fan D, Xia C. Scalable Electro-Biosynthesis of Ectoine from Greenhouse Gases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202415445. [PMID: 39410669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202415445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/14/2024]
Abstract
Converting greenhouse gases into valuable products has become a promising approach for achieving a carbon-neutral economy and sustainable development. However, the conversion efficiency depends on the energy yield of the substrate. In this study, we developed an electro-biocatalytic system by integrating electrochemical and microbial processes to upcycle CO2 into a valuable product (ectoine) using renewable energy. This system initiates the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methane, an energy-dense molecule, which then serves as an electrofuel to energize the growth of an engineered methanotrophic cell factory for ectoine biosynthesis. The scalability of this system was demonstrated using an array of ten 25 cm2 electrochemical cells equipped with a high-performance carbon-supported isolated copper catalyst. The system consistently generated methane at the cathode under a total partial current of approximately -37 A (~175 mmolCH4 h-1) and O2 at the anode under a total partial current of approximately 62 A (~583 mmolO2 h-1). This output met the requirements of a 3-L bioreactor, even at maximum CH4 and O2 consumption, resulting in the high-yield conversion of CO2 to ectoine (1146.9 mg L-1). This work underscores the potential of electrifying the biosynthesis of valuable products from CO2, providing a sustainable avenue for biomanufacturing and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yuehang Su
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Dai
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chuan Xia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
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Herrero-Lobo R, Torres Franco AF, Lebrero R, Rodero MDR, Muñoz R. Evaluation of the influence of the gas residence time and biomass concentration on methane bioconversion to ectoines in a novel Taylor flow bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025; 373:123592. [PMID: 39657477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Today, the use of biogas to produce more sustainable bioproducts is attracting an increasing attention in the quest for a circular economy. This work aims at optimizing the biosynthesis of high value bioproducts such as ectoine and hydroxyectoine from methane using a high mass transfer Taylor flow reactor and a methanotrophic consortium. The influence of the gas residence time (30-240 min) and concentration of microorganisms (0.1-1.8 g TSS·L-1) on methane bioconversion and ectoine production was evaluated. The maximum methane bioconversion efficiency reached was ∼90% at a gas residence time of 240 min. Biological limitation in the reactor was observed at concentrations below 0.5 g total suspended solids (TSS)·L-1. The intracellular ectoine and hydroxyectoine content did not experience large variations with the gas residence time and biomass concentration. The maximum ectoine content was 49.0 ± 16.1 mgEC·gTSS-1 at a gas residence time of 240 min and a biomass concentration of 0.7 g TSS·L-1. The maximum hydroxyectoine content was 13.0 ± 3.6 and 12.7 ± 2.2 mgHE·gTSS-1 at a gas residence time of 240 min and biomass concentrations of 1.8 and 1.2 g TSS·L-1, respectively. Methylophaga and Methylomicrobium were the dominant methanotrophs in the bioreactor regardless of the gas residence time and biomass concentration. Microorganisms belonging to the genera Paracoccus, Methylophaga, Methylomicrobium and Nitratireductor have been identified as ectoines producers or have been found to possess genes responsible for ectoines synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Lobo
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andrés Felipe Torres Franco
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Del Rosario Rodero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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11
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Kadam P, Barvkar VT, Darshetkar AM, Zinjarde S. The tropical marine actinomycete Nocardiopsis dassonvillei NCIM 5124 as novel source of ectoine: Genomic and transcriptomic insights. Gene 2024; 930:148860. [PMID: 39151675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Since ectoine is a high-value product, overviewing strategies for identifying novel microbial sources becomes relevant. In the current study, by following a genome mining approach, the ectoine biosynthetic cluster in a tropical marine strain of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (NCIM 5124) was located and compared with related organisms. Transcriptome analysis of Control and Test samples (with 0 and 5% NaCl, respectively) was carried out to understand salt induced stress response at the molecular level. There were 4950 differentially expressed genes with 25 transcripts being significantly upregulated in Test samples. NaCl induced upregulation of the ectoine biosynthesis cluster and some other genes (stress response, chaperone/Clp protease, cytoplasm, ribonucleoprotein and protein biosynthesis). The production of ectoine as a stress response molecule was experimentally validated via LCMS analysis. The investigation sheds light on the responses exhibited by this actinomycete in coping up with salt stress and provides a foundation for understanding salt induced molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kadam
- Department of Biotechnology (with Jointly Merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Smita Zinjarde
- Department of Biotechnology (with Jointly Merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
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12
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Wang A, Du Q, Li X, Cui Y, Luo J, Li C, Peng C, Zhong X, Huang G. Intracellular and Extracellular Metabolic Response of the Lactic Acid Bacterium Weissella confusa Under Salt Stress. Metabolites 2024; 14:695. [PMID: 39728476 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weissella confusa is a member of the lactic acid bacterium group commonly found in many salt-fermented foods. Strains of W. confusa isolated from high-salinity environments have been shown to tolerate salt stress to some extent. However, the specific responses and mechanisms of W. confusa under salt stress are not fully understood. METHODS To study the effect of NaCl stress on W. confusa, growth performance and metabolite profiles of the strains were compared between a NaCl-free group and a 35% NaCl-treated group. Growth performance was assessed by measuring viable cell counts and examining the cells using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intracellular and extracellular metabolites were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS It was found that the viable cell count of W. confusa decreased with increasing salinity, and cells could survive even in saturated saline (35%) medium for 24 h. When exposed to 35% NaCl, W. confusa cells exhibited surface pores and protein leakage. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, 42 different metabolites were identified in the cells and 18 different metabolites in the culture medium. These different metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, salt-exposed cells exhibited higher levels of intracellular ectoine and lactose, whose precursors, such as aspartate, L-2,4-diaminobutanoate, and galactinol, were reduced in the culture medium. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the metabolic responses of W. confusa under salt stress, revealing its ability to maintain viability and alter metabolism in response to high NaCl concentrations. Key metabolites such as ectoine and lactose, as well as changes in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, may contribute to its tolerance to salt. These findings may improve our understanding of the bacterium's survival mechanisms and have potential applications in food fermentation and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Traditional Fermented Food, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Safety Control of Food Circulation, Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology, Foshan Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Biomanufacturing, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Qinqin Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Jiahua Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Cairong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Traditional Fermented Food, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Safety Control of Food Circulation, Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology, Foshan Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Biomanufacturing, Foshan 528231, China
- School of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Guidong Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Traditional Fermented Food, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Safety Control of Food Circulation, Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology, Foshan Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Biomanufacturing, Foshan 528231, China
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13
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Qin Z, Li L, Zeng W, Li H, Zhou J, Xu S. High efficiency production of 5-hydroxyectoine using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131493. [PMID: 39284374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxyectoine is a natural protective agent with long-lasting moisturising and radiation resistance properties. It can be naturally synthesized by some extremophiles using the "bacterial milking" process, but this can corrode bioreactors and downstream purification may cause environmental pollution. In this study, an engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain was constructed for the 5-hydroxyectoine production. First, three ectoine hydroxylases were characterised and the enzyme from Halomonas elongata was the most effective. The L-2,4-diaminobutyrate transaminase mutant was introduced into the engineered strain, which could accumulate 2.8 g/L 5-hydroxyectoine in shake flasks. By activating the glyoxylate cycle and balancing the α-ketoglutarate distribution, the 5-hydroxyectoine titer was further increased to 3.4 g/L. Finally, the optimized strain synthesized 58 g/L 5-hydroxyectoine via a semi-continuous feeding process in a NaCl-free medium. Overall, this study reported the highest titer of 5-hydroxyectoine synthesized by E. coli and established a low-salt fermentation process through the aforementioned efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lihong Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongbiao Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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14
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Jarusintanakorn S, Mastrobattista E, Yamabhai M. Ectoine enhances recombinant antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cells by promoting cell cycle arrest. N Biotechnol 2024; 83:56-65. [PMID: 38945523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells represent the most preferential host cell system for therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. Enhancing mAb production in CHO cells can be achieved by adding chemical compounds that regulate the cell cycle and cell survival pathways. This study investigated the impact of ectoine supplementation on mAb production in CHO cells. The results showed that adding ectoine at a concentration of 100 mM on the 3rd day of cultivation improved mAb production by improving cell viability and extending the culture duration. RNA sequencing analysis revealed differentially expressed genes associated with cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and cellular homeostasis, in particular promotion of cell cycle arrest, which was then confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Ectoine-treated CHO cells exhibited an increase in the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, the cell diameter was also increased. These findings support the hypothesis that ectoine enhances mAb production in CHO cells through mechanisms involving cell cycle arrest and cellular homeostasis. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ectoine as a promising supplementation strategy to enhance mAb production not only in CHO cells but also in other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinthip Jarusintanakorn
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447, Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rachathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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15
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Meng Y, Jiang Y, Xiong W, Wang S, Yang C, Liu R. Elucidating the salt-tolerant mechanism of Halomonas cupida J9 and unsterile ectoine production from lignocellulosic biomass. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:237. [PMID: 39217338 PMCID: PMC11365141 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectoine as an amino acid derivative is widely applied in many fields, such as the food industry, cosmetic manufacturing, biologics, and therapeutic agent. Large-scale production of ectoine is mainly restricted by the cost of fermentation substrates (e.g., carbon sources) and sterilization. RESULTS In this study, Halomonas cupida J9 was shown to be capable of synthesizing ectoine using xylose as the sole carbon source. A pathway was proposed in H. cupida J9 that synergistically utilizes both WBG xylose metabolism and EMP glucose metabolism for the synthesis of ectoine. Transcriptome analysis indicated that expression of ectoine biosynthesis module was enhanced under salt stress. Ectoine production by H. cupida J9 was enhanced by improving the expression of ectoine biosynthesis module, increasing the intracellular supply of the precursor oxaloacetate, and utilizing urea as the nitrogen source. The constructed J9U-P8EC achieved a record ectoine production of 4.12 g/L after 60 h of xylose fermentation. Finally, unsterile production of ectoine by J9U-P8EC from either a glucose-xylose mixture or corn straw hydrolysate was demonstrated, with an output of 8.55 g/L and 1.30 g/L of ectoine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study created a promising H. cupida J9-based cell factory for low-cost production of ectoine. Our results highlight the potential of J9U-P8EC to utilize lignocellulose-rich agriculture waste for open production of ectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weini Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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16
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Fan M, Tan S, Wang W, Zhang X. Improvement in Salt Tolerance Ability of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:404. [PMID: 38927284 PMCID: PMC11200750 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a popular platform for bioremediation due to its robust tolerance to environmental stress and strong biodegradation capacity. Limited research on the salt tolerance of P. putida KT2440 has hindered its application. In this study, the strain KT2440 was tested to tolerate a maximum of 4% w/v NaCl cultured with minimal salts medium. Transcriptomic data in a high-salinity environment showed significant expression changes in genes in membrane components, redox processes, chemotaxis, and cellular catabolic processes. betB-encoding betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase was identified from the transcriptome data to overexpress and enhance growth profile of the strain KT2440 in minimal salts medium containing 4% w/v NaCl. Meanwhile, screening for exogenous salt-tolerant genes revealed that the Na+/H+ antiporter EcnhaA from Escherichia coli significantly increased the growth of the strain KT2440 in 4% w/v NaCl. Then, co-expression of EcnhaA and betB (KT2440-EcnhaA-betB) increased the maximum salt tolerance of strain KT2440 to 5% w/v NaCl. Further addition of betaine and proline improved the salt tolerance of the engineered strain to 6% w/v NaCl. Finally, the engineered strain KT2440-EcnhaA-betB was able to degrade 56.70% of benzoic acid and 95.64% of protocatechuic acid in minimal salt medium containing 4% w/v NaCl in 48 h, while no biodegradation was observed in the normal strain KT2440 in the same conditions. However, the strain KT2440-EcnhaA-betB failed to degrade catechol in minimal salt medium containing 3% w/v NaCl. This study illustrated the improvement in the salt tolerance performance of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and the feasibility of engineered strain KT2440 as a potential salt-tolerant bioremediation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.F.); (S.T.); (W.W.)
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17
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu Y, Mohsin A, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Xing J, Han J, Zhuang Y, Guo M, Wang Z. Temporal dynamics of stress response in Halomonas elongata to NaCl shock: physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic insights. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:88. [PMID: 38519954 PMCID: PMC10960403 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata is an industrially important strain for ectoine production, with high value and intense research focus. While existing studies primarily delve into the adaptive mechanisms of this bacterium under fixed salt concentrations, there is a notable dearth of attention regarding its response to fluctuating saline environments. Consequently, the stress response of H. elongata to salt shock remains inadequately understood. RESULTS This study investigated the stress response mechanism of H. elongata when exposed to NaCl shock at short- and long-time scales. Results showed that NaCl shock induced two major stresses, namely osmotic stress and oxidative stress. In response to the former, within the cell's tolerable range (1-8% NaCl shock), H. elongata urgently balanced the surging osmotic pressure by uptaking sodium and potassium ions and augmenting intracellular amino acid pools, particularly glutamate and glutamine. However, ectoine content started to increase until 20 min post-shock, rapidly becoming the dominant osmoprotectant, and reaching the maximum productivity (1450 ± 99 mg/L/h). Transcriptomic data also confirmed the delayed response in ectoine biosynthesis, and we speculate that this might be attributed to an intracellular energy crisis caused by NaCl shock. In response to oxidative stress, transcription factor cysB was significantly upregulated, positively regulating the sulfur metabolism and cysteine biosynthesis. Furthermore, the upregulation of the crucial peroxidase gene (HELO_RS18165) and the simultaneous enhancement of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities collectively constitute the antioxidant defense in H. elongata following shock. When exceeding the tolerance threshold of H. elongata (1-13% NaCl shock), the sustained compromised energy status, resulting from the pronounced inhibition of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, may be a crucial factor leading to the stagnation of both cell growth and ectoine biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of H. elongata's stress response to NaCl shock at multiple scales. It extends the understanding of stress response of halophilic bacteria to NaCl shock and provides promising theoretical insights to guide future improvements in optimizing industrial ectoine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zebo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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