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Chiaravalli G, Ravasenga T, Colombo E, Jasnoor, Francia S, Di Marco S, Sacco R, Pertile G, Benfenati F, Lanzani G. The light-dependent pseudo-capacitive charging of conjugated polymer nanoparticles coupled with the depolarization of the neuronal membrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:47-56. [PMID: 38054374 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying visual restoration in blind animal models of retinitis pigmentosa using a liquid retina prosthesis based on semiconductive polymeric nanoparticles is still being debated. Through the application of mathematical models and specific experiments, we developed a coherent understanding of abiotic/biotic coupling, capturing the essential mechanism of photostimulation responsible for nanoparticle-induced retina activation. Our modeling is based on the solution of drift-diffusion and Poisson-Nernst-Planck models in the multi-physics neuron-cleft-nanoparticle-extracellular space domain, accounting for the electro-chemical motion of all the relevant species following photoexcitation. Modeling was coupled with electron microscopy to estimate the size of the neuron-nanoparticle cleft and electrophysiology on retina explants acutely or chronically injected with nanoparticles. Overall, we present a consistent picture of electrostatic depolarization of the bipolar cell driven by the pseudo-capacitive charging of the nanoparticle. We demonstrate that the highly resistive cleft composition, due to filling by adhesion/extracellular matrix proteins, is a crucial ingredient for establishing functional electrostatic coupling. Additionally, we show that the photo-chemical generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) becomes relevant only at very high light intensities, far exceeding the physiological ones, in agreement with the lack of phototoxicity shown in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Chiaravalli
- Center for Nano Science Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy.
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ravasenga
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Jasnoor
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Francia
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacco
- Politecnico di Milano, Mathematics Department, Milano, Italy
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Sacrocuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy.
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Milano, Italy
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Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Regenerated Keratin-Based Biofilms. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214723. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling, development, and application of keratin-containing waste (e.g., hair, wool, feather, and so on) provide an important means to address related environmental pollution and energy shortage issues. The extraction of keratin and the development of keratin-based functional materials are key to solving keratin-containing waste pollution. Keratin-based biofilms are gaining substantial interest due to their excellent characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, appropriate adsorption, and rich renewable sources, among others. At present, keratin-based biofilms are a good option for various applications, and the development of keratin-based biofilms from keratin-containing waste is considered crucial for sustainable development. In this paper, in order to achieve clean production while maintaining the functional characteristics of natural keratin as much as possible, four important keratin extraction methods—thermal hydrolysis, ultrasonic technology, eco-friendly solvent system, and microbial decomposition—are described, and the characteristics of these four extraction methods are analysed. Next, methods for the preparation of keratin-based biofilms are introduced, including solvent casting, electrospinning, template self-assembly, freeze-drying, and soft lithography methods. Then, the functional properties and application prospects of keratin-based biofilms are discussed. Finally, future research directions related to keratin-based biofilms are proposed. Overall, it can be concluded that the high-value conversion of keratin-containing waste into regenerated keratin-based biofilms has great importance for sustainable development and is highly suggested due to their great potential for use in biomedical materials, optoelectronic devices, and metal ion detection applications. It is hoped that this paper can provide some basic information for the development and application of keratin-based biofilms.
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Hu X, Ricci S, Naranjo S, Hill Z, Gawason P. Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Electroactive and Conductive Materials for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:4499. [PMID: 34361653 PMCID: PMC8348981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrically responsive biomaterials are an important and emerging technology in the fields of biomedical and material sciences. A great deal of research explores the integral role of electrical conduction in normal and diseased cell biology, and material scientists are focusing an even greater amount of attention on natural and hybrid materials as sources of biomaterials which can mimic the properties of cells. This review establishes a summary of those efforts for the latter group, detailing the current materials, theories, methods, and applications of electrically conductive biomaterials fabricated from protein polymers and polysaccharides. These materials can be used to improve human life through novel drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biosensing technologies. The immediate goal of this review is to establish fabrication methods for protein and polysaccharide-based materials that are biocompatible and feature modular electrical properties. Ideally, these materials will be inexpensive to make with salable production strategies, in addition to being both renewable and biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.R.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Samuel Ricci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Sebastian Naranjo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Zachary Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Peter Gawason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.N.); (P.G.)
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Mutee Ur Rehman HM, Rehman MM, Saqib M, Ali Khan S, Khan M, Yang Y, Kim S, Rahman SA, Kim WY. Highly Efficient and Wide Range Humidity Response of Biocompatible Egg White Thin Film. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071815. [PMID: 34361201 PMCID: PMC8308394 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are a solution to solve the increasing problems caused by the advances and revolution in the electronic industry owing to the use of hazardous chemicals. In this work, we have used egg white (EW) as the low-cost functional layer of a biocompatible humidity sensor and deposited it on gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) patterned through the state-of-the-art fabrication technology of thermal vacuum evaporation. The presence of hydrophilic proteins inside the thin film of EW makes it an attractive candidate for sensing humidity. Usually, the dependence of the percentage of relative humidity (%RH) on the reliability of measurement setup is overlooked for impedimetric humidity sensors but we have used a modified experimental setup to enhance the uniformity of the obtained results. The characteristics of our device include almost linear response with a quick response time (1.2 s) and fast recovery time (1.7 s). High sensitivity of 50 kΩ/%RH was achieved in the desirable detection range of 10–85%RH. The device size was intentionally kept small for its potential integration in a marketable chip. Results for the response of our fabricated sensor for dry and wet fingertips, along with determining the rate of breathing through the mouth, are part of this study, making it a potential device for health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Muqeet Rehman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.R.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Shenawar Ali Khan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, GIK Institute, Topi 23460, Pakistan;
| | - Yunsook Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Seongwan Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Sheik Abdur Rahman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.R.); (W.-Y.K.)
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Kalkan Erdoğan M, Aydoğdu Tığ G, Saçak M. A novel tool for the adsorption of dsDNA: Electrochemical reduction of Pd nanoparticles onto reduced-keratin particles extracted from wool wastes. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107835. [PMID: 33984693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This work outlines the fabrication of a novel electrochemical platform for the dsDNA adsorption, using one of the most sustainable materials, wool fabric waste, and Pd2+ ions. To develop a functional material with a significant adsorption capability, the waste wool was subjected to the chemical reduction process, and the keratin-SH (KerSH) particles were extracted in powder form. These particles were used in the adsorption of Pd2+ ions by monitoring with the UV-vis spectra. The dispersion of the KerSH-Pd2+ particles was subsequently drop-casted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and electrochemically reduced to the GCE/KerSH-PdNPs composite by chronoamperometry at -0.4 V for 500 s. It was found that the KerSH particles were self-assembled by revealing chemically attractive NH2 groups after the electrochemical PdNPs deposition. A GCE/KerSH-PdNPs composite was then employed in the electrochemical dsDNA detection by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), using the oxidation signals of guanine and adenine bases at 0.8 V and 1.2 V, respectively. Accordingly, relatively stable, repeatable, and reproducible dsDNA adsorption was ensured through the positively charged-NH2 groups of KerSH-PdNPs. This finding reveals the potential of textile waste for various electrochemical applications, such as DNA biosensors for environmental, pharmaceutical, and medicinal fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gözde Aydoğdu Tığ
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Saçak
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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Khoshmanesh F, Thurgood P, Pirogova E, Nahavandi S, Baratchi S. Wearable sensors: At the frontier of personalised health monitoring, smart prosthetics and assistive technologies. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112946. [PMID: 33412429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have evolved from body-worn fitness tracking devices to multifunctional, highly integrated, compact, and versatile sensors, which can be mounted onto the desired locations of our clothes or body to continuously monitor our body signals, and better interact and communicate with our surrounding environment or equipment. Here, we discuss the latest advances in textile-based and skin-like wearable sensors with a focus on three areas, including (i) personalised health monitoring to facilitate recording physiological signals, body motions, and analysis of body fluids, (ii) smart gloves and prosthetics to realise the sensation of touch and pain, and (iii) assistive technologies to enable disabled people to operate the surrounding motorised equipment using their active organs. We also discuss areas for future research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Khoshmanesh
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Saeid Nahavandi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Wang Y, Wang J, Hao M, Li B, Zhu Z, Gou X, Li L. Rapid preparation of a Nafion/Ag NW composite film and its humidity sensing effect. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27447-27455. [PMID: 35516922 PMCID: PMC9055578 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01650k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel humidity-responsive composite film based on the integration of two silver nanowire (Ag NW) layers deposited via the physical deposition process with an ionomer (Nafion) layer sandwiched between them. As a result of the ion migration inside the ionomer, the humidity to electrical transduction displays a fast response and high sensitivity in comparison with previous research. Meanwhile, the effects of the humidity gradient on the sensing response of the Nafion/Ag NWs composite film were investigated. Specifically, a higher humidity enables a faster response rate but a slower recovery rate, as compared to a lower humidity level. In addition, breathing tests are performed, which verified the opportunities for the design and fabrication of high-performance sensors for environment and biophysical monitoring. This research also revealed the potential applications in VOC (volatile organic compound) detection. In this study, a novel electrical humidity-responsive composite film was presented based on the integration of two silver nanowire (Ag NW) layers deposited via the physical deposition process with a Nafion layer sandwiched between them.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus Changzhou 213022 China .,Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University Swansea SA1 8EN UK
| | - Jiale Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus Changzhou 213022 China
| | - Muyu Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou Campus Changzhou 213022 China
| | - Bo Li
- Shaanxi Key Lab for Intelligent Robots, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Zicai Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Lab for Intelligent Robots, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xiaofan Gou
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Lijie Li
- Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University Swansea SA1 8EN UK
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Pradhan S, Brooks A, Yadavalli V. Nature-derived materials for the fabrication of functional biodevices. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100065. [PMID: 32613186 PMCID: PMC7317235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature provides an incredible source of inspiration, structural concepts, and materials toward applications to improve the lives of people around the world, while preserving ecosystems, and addressing environmental sustainability. In particular, materials derived from animal and plant sources can provide low-cost, renewable building blocks for such applications. Nature-derived materials are of interest for their properties of biodegradability, bioconformability, biorecognition, self-repair, and stimuli response. While long used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, their use in functional devices such as (bio)electronics, sensors, and optical systems for healthcare and biomonitoring is finding increasing attention. The objective of this review is to cover the varied nature derived and sourced materials currently used in active biodevices and components that possess electrical or electronic behavior. We discuss materials ranging from proteins and polypeptides such as silk and collagen, polysaccharides including chitin and cellulose, to seaweed derived biomaterials, and DNA. These materials may be used as passive substrates or support architectures and often, as the functional elements either by themselves or as biocomposites. We further discuss natural pigments such as melanin and indigo that serve as active elements in devices. Increasingly, combinations of different biomaterials are being used to address the challenges of fabrication and performance in human monitoring or medicine. Finally, this review gives perspectives on the sourcing, processing, degradation, and biocompatibility of these materials. This rapidly growing multidisciplinary area of research will be advanced by a systematic understanding of nature-inspired materials and design concepts in (bio)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pradhan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - A.K. Brooks
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - V.K. Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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Gambucci M, Aluigi A, Seri M, Sotgiu G, Zampini G, Donnadio A, Torreggiani A, Zamboni R, Latterini L, Posati T. Effect of Chemically Engineered Au/Ag Nanorods on the Optical and Mechanical Properties of Keratin Based Films. Front Chem 2020; 8:158. [PMID: 32219091 PMCID: PMC7078657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the preparation and characterization of free-standing keratin-based films containing Au/Ag nanorods. The effect of nanorods surface chemistry on the optical and mechanical properties of keratin composite films is fully investigated. Colloid nanorods confer to the keratin films interesting color effects due to plasmonic absorptions of the metal nanostructures. The presence of metal NRs induces also substantial change in the protein fluorescence emission. In particular, the relative contribution of the ordered-protein aggregates emission is enhanced by the presence of cysteine and thus strictly related to the surface chemistry of nanorods. The presence of more packed supramolecular structures in the films containing metal nanorods (in particular cysteine modified ones) is confirmed by ATR measurements. In addition, the films containing nanorods show a higher Young's modulus compared to keratin alone and again the effect is more pronounced for cysteine modified nanorods. Collectively, the reported results indicate the optical and mechanical properties of keratin composites films are related to a common property and can be tuned simultaneously, paving the way to the optimization and improvement of their performances and enhancing the exploitation of keratin composites in highly technological optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gambucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Seri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Zampini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Armida Torreggiani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tamara Posati
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), Bologna, Italy
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