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Potrich C, Palmara G, Frascella F, Pancheri L, Lunelli L. Innovative Detection of Biomarkers Based on Chemiluminescent Nanoparticles and a Lensless Optical Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38667176 PMCID: PMC11048690 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of biomarkers with innovative technologies is an urgent need for the precise diagnosis and follow up of human diseases. Body fluids offer a variety of informative biomarkers, which are traditionally measured with time-consuming and expensive methods. In this context, lateral flow tests (LFTs) represent a rapid and low-cost technology with a sensitivity that is potentially improvable by chemiluminescence biosensing. Here, an LFT based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies labeled with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase is combined with a lensless biosensor. This biosensor comprises four Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) coupled in close proximity to the LFT strip. Microfluidics for liquid handling complete the system. The development and the setup of the biosensor is carefully described and characterized. C-reactive protein was selected as a proof-of-concept biomarker to define the limit of detection, which resulted in about 0.8 pM when gold nanoparticles were used. The rapid readout (less than 5 min) and the absence of sample preparation make this biosensor promising for the direct and fast detection of human biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Potrich
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Sensors & Devices, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via alla Cascata 56/C, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Sensors & Devices, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Lucio Pancheri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, I-38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Sensors & Devices, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via alla Cascata 56/C, I-38123 Trento, Italy
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2
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Fabiani L, Fiore L, Fillo S, D'Amore N, De Santis R, Lista F, Arduini F. Smartphone-assisted paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108619. [PMID: 38128441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a new waste solution-free paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva, by combining vertical and lateral flow. In detail, the device was constituted of a reservoir containing all reagents for the construction of the immunological chain onto the magnetic beads and a lateral flow holder which contained a polyester-based electrode, a magnet, and an adsorbent pad. The measurement was carried out by adding the saliva sample into the reservoir, followed by the addition of this solution in the hole present in the lateral flow holder. The successive additions of washing buffer and TMB solution in the lateral flow holder allowed the detection of N protein in saliva in the range of 0.06 to 4 µg/mL with a detection limit equal to 30 ng/mL. The analysis of several saliva samples with the sensing tool and the reference method, demonstrated the effectiveness of this device, being able to identify positive patients with high values of CT e.g. 35. This new configuration paves the way for the realization of any magnetic beads-based immunosystem without waste solution production, enlarging the application of paper-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fabiani
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fiore
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fillo
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Nino D'Amore
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Godja NC, Munteanu FD. Hybrid Nanomaterials: A Brief Overview of Versatile Solutions for Sensor Technology in Healthcare and Environmental Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:67. [PMID: 38391986 PMCID: PMC10887000 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The integration of nanomaterials into sensor technologies not only poses challenges but also opens up promising prospects for future research. These challenges include assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials, scalability issues, and the seamless integration of these materials into existing infrastructures. Future development opportunities lie in creating multifunctional nanocomposites and environmentally friendly nanomaterials. Crucial to this process is collaboration between universities, industry, and regulatory authorities to establish standardization in this evolving field. Our perspective favours using screen-printed sensors that employ nanocomposites with high electrochemical conductivity. This approach not only offers cost-effective production methods but also allows for customizable designs. Furthermore, incorporating hybrids based on carbon-based nanomaterials and functionalized Mxene significantly enhances sensor performance. These high electrochemical conductivity sensors are portable, rapid, and well-suited for on-site environmental monitoring, seamlessly aligning with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms for developing intelligent systems. Simultaneously, advances in electrochemical sensor technology are actively working to elevate sensitivity through integrating nanotechnology, miniaturization, and innovative electrode designs. This comprehensive approach aims to unlock the full potential of sensor technologies, catering to diverse applications ranging from healthcare to environmental monitoring. This review aims to summarise the latest trends in using hybrid nanomaterial-based sensors, explicitly focusing on their application in detecting environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2–4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania;
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Pour SRS, Calabria D, Emamiamin A, Lazzarini E, Pace A, Guardigli M, Zangheri M, Mirasoli M. Microfluidic-Based Non-Invasive Wearable Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Sweat Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38248406 PMCID: PMC10813635 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors are attracting great interest thanks to their high potential for providing clinical-diagnostic information in real time, exploiting non-invasive sampling of biofluids. In this context, sweat has been demonstrated to contain physiologically relevant biomarkers, even if it has not been exhaustively exploited till now. This biofluid has started to gain attention thanks to the applications offered by wearable biosensors, as it is easily collectable and can be used for continuous monitoring of some parameters. Several studies have reported electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies integrated with flexible, biocompatible, and innovative materials as platforms for biospecific recognition reactions. Furthermore, sampling systems as well as the transport of fluids by microfluidics have been implemented into portable and compact biosensors to improve the wearability of the overall analytical device. In this review, we report and discuss recent pioneering works about the development of sweat sensing technologies, focusing on opportunities and open issues that can be decisive for their applications in routine-personalized healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Rojin Shariati Pour
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Afsaneh Emamiamin
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea, and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea, and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Calabria D, Pace A, Lazzarini E, Trozzi I, Zangheri M, Guardigli M, Pieraccini S, Masiero S, Mirasoli M. Smartphone-Based Chemiluminescence Glucose Biosensor Employing a Peroxidase-Mimicking, Guanosine-Based Self-Assembled Hydrogel. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:650. [PMID: 37367015 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence is widely used for hydrogen peroxide detection, mainly exploiting the highly sensitive peroxidase-luminol-H2O2 system. Hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in several physiological and pathological processes and is produced by oxidases, thus providing a straightforward way to quantify these enzymes and their substrates. Recently, biomolecular self-assembled materials obtained by guanosine and its derivatives and displaying peroxidase enzyme-like catalytic activity have received great interest for hydrogen peroxide biosensing. These soft materials are highly biocompatible and can incorporate foreign substances while preserving a benign environment for biosensing events. In this work, a self-assembled guanosine-derived hydrogel containing a chemiluminescent reagent (luminol) and a catalytic cofactor (hemin) was used as a H2O2-responsive material displaying peroxidase-like activity. Once loaded with glucose oxidase, the hydrogel provided increased enzyme stability and catalytic activity even in alkaline and oxidizing conditions. By exploiting 3D printing technology, a smartphone-based portable chemiluminescence biosensor for glucose was developed. The biosensor allowed the accurate measurement of glucose in serum, including both hypo- and hyperglycemic samples, with a limit of detection of 120 µmol L-1. This approach could be applied for other oxidases, thus enabling the development of bioassays to quantify biomarkers of clinical interest at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Pieraccini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Calabria D, Trozzi I, Lazzarini E, Pace A, Zangheri M, Iannascoli L, Maipan Davis N, Gosikere Matadha SS, Baratto De Albuquerque T, Pirrotta S, Del Bianco M, Impresario G, Popova L, Lovecchio N, de Cesare G, Caputo D, Brucato J, Nascetti A, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M. AstroBio-CubeSat: A lab-in-space for chemiluminescence-based astrobiology experiments. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 226:115110. [PMID: 36750012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Space exploration is facing a new era in view of the planned missions to the Moon and Mars. The development and the in-flight validation of new technologies, including analytical and diagnostic platforms, is pivotal for exploring and inhabiting these extreme environments. In this context, biosensors and lab-on-chip devices can play an important role in many situations, such as the analysis of biological samples for assessing the impact of deep space conditions on man and other biological systems, environmental and food safety monitoring, and the search of molecular indicators of past or present life in extra-terrestrial environments. Small satellites such as CubeSats are nowadays increasingly exploited as fast and low-cost platforms for conducting in-flight technology validation. Herein, we report the development of a fully autonomous lab-on-chip platform for performing chemiluminescence-based bioassays in space. The device was designed to be hosted onboard the AstroBio CubeSat nanosatellite, with the aim of conducting its in-flight validation and evaluating the stability of (bio)molecules required for bioassays in a challenging radiation environment. An origami-like microfluidic paper-based analytical format allowed preloading all the reagents in the dried form on the paper substrate, thus simplifying device design and analytical protocols, facilitating autonomous assay execution, and enhancing the stability of reagents. The chosen approach should constitute the first step to implement a mature technology with the aim to conduct life science research in space (e.g., for evaluation the effect of deep space conditions on living organisms or searching molecular evidence of life) more easily and at lower cost than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iannascoli
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851, I-00138, Rome, Italy
| | - Nithin Maipan Davis
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851, I-00138, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Pirrotta
- Italian Space Agency (ASI), Via del Politecnico, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Marta Del Bianco
- Italian Space Agency (ASI), Via del Politecnico, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Liyana Popova
- Kayser Italia s.r.l., Via di Popogna 501, I-57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - John Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Augusto Nascetti
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851, I-00138, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy.
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Song D, Xu W, Yang R, Han X, Zhuo Y, Liu J, Long F. Universal and rapid detection of atrazine and bisphenol A using a reusable optical fiber chemiluminescent biosensor. Talanta 2023; 255:124252. [PMID: 36630785 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Timely and accurately detection of small molecule pollutants is quite necessary to control environmental pollution and reduce harmfulness. Herein, a reusable optical fiber chemiluminescent biosensor (ROFC) was proposed for universal and rapid detection of two representative pollutants, pesticide atrazine (ATZ) and endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA). The optical fiber modified with hapten-protein conjugates was regarded as both bio-probe and chemiluminescence signal transmission element, which effectively improved the light transmission efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of the system. High-sensitive chemiluminescence signal detection is realized with a miniaturized ultrasensitive photodiode detector. Good regeneration performance of bio-probe can reduce detection cost and ensure detection reproducibility. Based on indirect competitive immunoassay principle, the chemiluminescence signal decreased with increasing pollutant concentration resulting from the less amount of antibody combined on the bio-probe surface. Under optimal conditions, the whole assay was achieved within 25 min with linear range of 1-100 μg/L and detection limits (LOD) for atrazine and BPA are 0.029 μg/L and 0.025 μg/L, respectively. The immunosensing optical fiber probe can be reused for 150 times at least without losing obvious bioactivity. The method was successfully applied to the detection of ATZ and BPA in three environmental samples, where recoveries between 93.4% and 116.6% were achieved. The ROFC biosensor provides a feasible platform for rapid detection of multiple small molecule pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xiangzhi Han
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yuxin Zhuo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Feng Long
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
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Zhu Y, Wei Q, Jin Q, Li G, Zhang Q, Xiao H, Li T, Wei F, Luo Y. Polyethylene Glycol Functionalized Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor for Glucose Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:604. [PMID: 36770565 PMCID: PMC9919870 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for the diagnosis of diabetes patients. In this paper, we proposed a simple "mixed-catalyzer layer" modified silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensor that enabled direct detection of glucose with low-charge in high ionic strength solutions. A stable screening system was established to overcome Debye screening effect by forming a porous biopolymer layer with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified on the surface of SiNW. The experimental results show that when the optimal ratio (APTMS:silane-PEG = 2:1) modified the surface of silicon nanowires, glucose oxidase can detect glucose in the concentration range of 10 nM to 10 mM. The sensitivity of the biosensor is calculated to be 0.47 μAcm-2mM-1, its fast response time not exceeding 8 s, and the detection limit is up to 10 nM. This glucose sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity and fast real-time response. Therefore, it has a potential clinical application prospect in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qianhui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Qingxi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Gangrong Li
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Yingchun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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9
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Azam T, Bukhari SH, Liaqat U, Miran W. Emerging Methods in Biosensing of Immunoglobin G-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:676. [PMID: 36679468 PMCID: PMC9862834 DOI: 10.3390/s23020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human antibodies are produced due to the activation of immune system components upon exposure to an external agent or antigen. Human antibody G, or immunoglobin G (IgG), accounts for 75% of total serum antibody content. IgG controls several infections by eradicating disease-causing pathogens from the body through complementary interactions with toxins. Additionally, IgG is an important diagnostic tool for certain pathological conditions, such as autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), chickenpox and MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), and coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19). As an important biomarker, IgG has sparked interest in conducting research to produce robust, sensitive, selective, and economical biosensors for its detection. To date, researchers have used different strategies and explored various materials from macro- to nanoscale to be used in IgG biosensing. In this review, emerging biosensors for IgG detection have been reviewed along with their detection limits, especially electrochemical biosensors that, when coupled with nanomaterials, can help to achieve the characteristics of a reliable IgG biosensor. Furthermore, this review can assist scientists in developing strategies for future research not only for IgG biosensors but also for the development of other biosensing systems for diverse targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Azam
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hassan Bukhari
- College of Computational Sciences and Natural Sciences, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Usman Liaqat
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Miran
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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10
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He J, Li X, Yang S, Shi Y, Dai Y, Han S, Wang Y, Lin X, Wei B, Liu Y, Xiu M. Protective effect of astragalus membranaceus and its bioactive compounds against the intestinal inflammation in Drosophila. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1019594. [PMID: 36578550 PMCID: PMC9792096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1019594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation, which currently lacks safe and effective medicines. Astragalus membranaceus (AM), also named Huangqi, is one of the most commonly used fundamental herbs in China. Here, we aimed to investigate mechanism and bioactive compounds of AM on treating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)- induced colitis in Drosophila flies. Our data showed that AM extract (AME) supplementation had no toxic effect in flies, and protected flies against SDS-induced lifespan shortening, intestinal morphological damage, and colon length shortening. Moreover, AME supplementation remarkably rescued SDS-induced intestinal stem cell (ISC) overproliferation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the intestine. Mechanistically, AME remarkably rescued the altered expression levels of genes and proteins in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and JAK-STAT signaling pathways induced by SDS in gut. Additionally, formononetin, isoliquiritigenin, isorhamnetin, astragaloside I, astragaloside III, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid in AM had protection against SDS-induced inflammatory damage in flies. Taken together, AME could ameliorate the intestinal inflammation partially by suppressing oxidative stress-associated JNK signaling and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. AME may provide a theoretical basis for natural medicine toward treating intestinal inflammatory disease in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng He
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Transfer of Dunhuang Medicine at the Provincial and Ministerial Level, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shipei Yang
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Han
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingyao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Transfer of Dunhuang Medicine at the Provincial and Ministerial Level, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Benjun Wei
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory for Transfer of Dunhuang Medicine at the Provincial and Ministerial Level, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Minghui Xiu, ; Yongqi Liu,
| | - Minghui Xiu
- Provincial-level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Minghui Xiu, ; Yongqi Liu,
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11
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Wang C, Yang X, Zhu G, Wang T, Yu D, Lu Y, Yu H. One-step synthesis of copper-platinum nanoparticles modified electrode for non-enzymatic salivary glucose detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Lazzarini E, Pace A, Trozzi I, Zangheri M, Guardigli M, Calabria D, Mirasoli M. An Origami Paper-Based Biosensor for Allergen Detection by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay on Magnetic Microbeads. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:825. [PMID: 36290961 PMCID: PMC9599061 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are adverse health effects that arise from specific immune responses, occurring upon exposure to given foods, even if present in traces. Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies, mainly caused by egg white proteins, with ovalbumin being the most abundant. As allergens can also be present in foodstuff due to unintended contamination, there is a need for analytical tools that are able to rapidly detect allergens in food products at the point-of-use. Herein, we report an origami paper-based device for detecting ovalbumin in food samples, based on a competitive immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection. In this biosensor, magnetic microbeads have been employed for easy and efficient immobilization of ovalbumin on paper. Immobilized ovalbumin competes with the ovalbumin present in the sample for a limited amount of enzyme-labelled anti-ovalbumin antibody. By exploiting the origami approach, a multistep analytical procedure could be performed using reagents preloaded on paper layers, thus providing a ready-to-use immunosensing platform. The assay provided a limit of detection (LOD) of about 1 ng mL-1 for ovalbumin and, when tested on ovalbumin-spiked food matrices (chocolate chip cookies), demonstrated good assay specificity and accuracy, as compared with a commercial immunoassay kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
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13
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Luminescent Aptamer-Based Bioassays for Sensitive Detection of Food Allergens. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080644. [PMID: 36005040 PMCID: PMC9405952 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of hidden allergens in food products, often due to unintended contamination along the food supply chain (production, transformation, processing, and transport), has raised the urgent need for rapid and reliable analytical methods for detecting trace levels of such species in food products. Indeed, food allergens represent a high-risk factor for allergic subjects due to potentially life-threatening adverse reactions. Portable biosensors based on immunoassays have already been developed as rapid, sensitive, selective, and low-cost analytical platforms that can replace analyses with traditional bench-top instrumentation. Recently, aptamers have attracted great interest as alternative biorecognition molecules for bioassays, since they can bind a variety of targets with high specificity and selectivity, and they enable the development of assays exploiting a variety of transduction and detection technologies. In particular, aptasensors based on luminescence detection have been proposed, taking advantage of the development of ultrasensitive tracers and enhancers. This review aims to summarize and discuss recent efforts in the field of food allergen analysis using aptamer-based bioassays with luminescence detection.
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14
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Next generation luminol derivative as powerful benchmark probe for chemiluminescence assays. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1188:339161. [PMID: 34794566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) provides outstanding analytical performance due to its independence from external light sources, background-free nature and exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. Yet, ultra-sensitive (bio)analysis is impeded by low hydrophilicity, poor quantum yields, fast kinetics or instability of most CL reagents such as luminol, acridinium esters, dioxetanes or peroxyoxalic derivatives. Photophysical studies show that m-carboxy luminol overcomes these limitations as its hydrophilic design provides a 5-fold increase in relative quantum yield resulting in superior performance in H2O2-dependent bioassays with 18-fold higher sensitivity for the quantification of its co-reactant H2O2, and 5-times lower detection limits for the luminophore. Studies with CL enhancers suggest its significance for mechanistic investigations in tandem with peroxidases. Finally, its integration into enzymatic and immunoassay applications demonstrates that m-carboxy luminol will provide signal enhancement, lower detection limits, and increased dynamic ranges for any other luminol-based CL assay, thus comprising the potential to replace luminol as benchmark probe.
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15
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Smartphone-Based Chemiluminescent Origami µPAD for the Rapid Assessment of Glucose Blood Levels. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100381. [PMID: 34677337 PMCID: PMC8533763 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper analytical devices (µPADs) represent one of the most appealing trends in the development of simple and inexpensive analytical systems for diagnostic applications at the point of care (POC). Herein, we describe a smartphone-based origami µPAD for the quantitative determination of glucose in blood samples based on the glucose oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of glucose leading to hydrogen peroxide, which is then detected by means of the luminol/hexacyanoferrate(III) chemiluminescent (CL) system. By exploiting the foldable µPAD format, a two-step analytical procedure has been implemented. First, the diluted blood sample was added, and hydrogen peroxide was accumulated, then the biosensor was folded, and a transport buffer was added to bring hydrogen peroxide in contact with CL reagents, thus promoting the CL reaction. To enable POC applicability, the reagents required for the assay were preloaded in the µPAD so that no chemicals handling was required, and a 3D-printed portable device was developed for measuring the CL emission using the smartphone’s CMOS camera. The µPAD was stable for 30-day storage at room temperature and the assay, displaying a limit of detection of 10 µmol L−1, proved able to identify both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic blood samples in less than 20 min.
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16
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Multiplexed Prostate Cancer Companion Diagnostic Devices. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155023. [PMID: 34372259 PMCID: PMC8347987 DOI: 10.3390/s21155023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most prominent forms of cancer for men. Since the early 1990s, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) has been a commonly recognized PCa-associated protein biomarker. However, PSA testing has been shown to lack in specificity and sensitivity when needed to diagnose, monitor and/or treat PCa patients successfully. One enhancement could include the simultaneous detection of multiple PCa-associated protein biomarkers alongside PSA, also known as multiplexing. If conventional methods such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used, multiplexed detection of such protein biomarkers can result in an increase in the required sample volume, in the complexity of the analytical procedures, and in adding to the cost. Using companion diagnostic devices such as biosensors, which can be portable and cost-effective with multiplexing capacities, may address these limitations. This review explores recent research for multiplexed PCa protein biomarker detection using optical and electrochemical biosensor platforms. Some of the novel and potential serum-based PCa protein biomarkers will be discussed in this review. In addition, this review discusses the importance of converting research protocols into multiplex point-of-care testing (xPOCT) devices to be used in near-patient settings, providing a more personalized approach to PCa patients’ diagnostic, surveillance and treatment management.
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17
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Wang FT, Wang LN, Xu J, Huang KJ, Wu X. Synthesis and modification of carbon dots for advanced biosensing application. Analyst 2021; 146:4418-4435. [PMID: 34195700 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of nanomaterials for biosensing applications, and carbonaceous nanomaterials in particular are at the forefront of this explosion. Carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon material, have attracted extensive attention due to their fascinating properties, such as small particle size, tunable optical properties, good conductivity, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. These properties have enabled them to be highly promising candidates for the fabrication of various high-performance biosensors. In this review, we summarize the top-down and bottom-up synthesis routes of CDs, highlight their modification strategies, and discuss their applications in the fields of photoluminescence biosensors, electrochemiluminescence biosensors, chemiluminescence biosensors, electrochemical biosensors and fluorescence biosensors. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of the application of CDs for biosensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Li-Na Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Ke-Jing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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18
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Calabretta MM, Zangheri M, Calabria D, Lopreside A, Montali L, Marchegiani E, Trozzi I, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M, Michelini E. Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4309. [PMID: 34202483 PMCID: PMC8271422 DOI: 10.3390/s21134309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the adaptation of existing analysis methods to a paper-based format, especially considering the chemiluminescent (CL)-immunoassays-based techniques. The implementation of biospecific assays with CL detection and paper-based technology represents an ideal solution for the development of portable analytical devices for on-site applications, since the peculiarities of these features create a unique combination for fitting the POC purposes. Despite this, the scientific production is not paralleled by the diffusion of such devices into everyday life. This review aims to highlight the open issues that are responsible for this discrepancy and to find the aspects that require a focused and targeted research to make these methods really applicable in routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonia Lopreside
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Montali
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchegiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
- INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via Medaglie d’Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (D.C.); (A.L.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via Medaglie d’Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Ong JJ, Pollard TD, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Elbadawi M, Basit AW. Optical biosensors - Illuminating the path to personalized drug dosing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113331. [PMID: 34038838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors are low-cost, sensitive and portable devices that are poised to revolutionize the medical industry. Healthcare monitoring has already been transformed by such devices, with notable recent applications including heart rate monitoring in smartwatches and COVID-19 lateral flow diagnostic test kits. The commercial success and impact of existing optical sensors has galvanized research in expanding its application in numerous disciplines. Drug detection and monitoring seeks to benefit from the fast-approaching wave of optical biosensors, with diverse applications ranging from illicit drug testing, clinical trials, monitoring in advanced drug delivery systems and personalized drug dosing. The latter has the potential to significantly improve patients' lives by minimizing toxicity and maximizing efficacy. To achieve this, the patient's serum drug levels must be frequently measured. Yet, the current method of obtaining such information, namely therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), is not routinely practiced as it is invasive, expensive, time-consuming and skilled labor-intensive. Certainly, optical sensors possess the capabilities to challenge this convention. This review explores the current state of optical biosensors in personalized dosing with special emphasis on TDM, and provides an appraisal on recent strategies. The strengths and challenges of optical biosensors are critically evaluated, before concluding with perspectives on the future direction of these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Ong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Pollard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Simon Gaisford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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20
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Calabria D, Calabretta MM, Zangheri M, Marchegiani E, Trozzi I, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Baggiani C, Mirasoli M. Recent Advancements in Enzyme-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3358. [PMID: 34065971 PMCID: PMC8150770 DOI: 10.3390/s21103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have achieved considerable commercial success and their impact in diagnostics is continuously growing. LFIA results are often obtained by visualizing by the naked eye color changes in given areas, providing a qualitative information about the presence/absence of the target analyte in the sample. However, this platform has the potential to provide ultrasensitive quantitative analysis for several applications. Indeed, LFIA is based on well-established immunological techniques, which have known in the last year great advances due to the combination of highly sensitive tracers, innovative signal amplification strategies and last-generation instrumental detectors. All these available progresses can be applied also to the LFIA platform by adapting them to a portable and miniaturized format. This possibility opens countless strategies for definitively turning the LFIA technique into an ultrasensitive quantitative method. Among the different proposals for achieving this goal, the use of enzyme-based immunoassay is very well known and widespread for routine analysis and it can represent a valid approach for improving LFIA performances. Several examples have been recently reported in literature exploiting enzymes properties and features for obtaining significative advances in this field. In this review, we aim to provide a critical overview of the recent progresses in highly sensitive LFIA detection technologies, involving the exploitation of enzyme-based amplification strategies. The features and applications of the technologies, along with future developments and challenges, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Marchegiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
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21
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Khaoua I, Graciani G, Kim A, Amblard F. Stochastic light concentration from 3D to 2D reveals ultraweak chemi- and bioluminescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10050. [PMID: 33976267 PMCID: PMC8113247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For countless applications in science and technology, light must be concentrated, and concentration is classically achieved with reflective and refractive elements. However, there is so far no efficient way, with a 2D detector, to detect photons produced inside an extended volume with a broad or isotropic angular distribution. Here, with theory and experiment, we propose to stochastically transform and concentrate a volume into a smaller surface, using a high-albedo Ulbricht cavity and a small exit orifice through cavity walls. A 3D gas of photons produced inside the cavity is transformed with a 50% number efficiency into a 2D Lambertian emitting orifice with maximal radiance and a much smaller size. With high-albedo quartz-powder cavity walls (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\rho =99.94\%$$\end{document}ρ=99.94%), the orifice area is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$1/(1-\rho )\approx 1600$$\end{document}1/(1-ρ)≈1600 times smaller than the walls’ area. When coupled to a detectivity-optimized photon-counter (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathcal{D}=0.015\,{\text{photon}}^{-1}\,{\text{s}}^{1/2}\text{ cm}$$\end{document}D=0.015photon-1s1/2cm) the detection limit is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$110\;{\text{photon}}\;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{L}}^{ - 1}$$\end{document}110photons-1L-1. Thanks to this unprecedented sensitivity, we could detect the luminescence produced by the non-catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide in pure water, which has not been observed so far. We could also detect the ultraweak bioluminescence produced by yeast cells at the onset of their growth. Our work opens new perspectives for studying ultraweak luminescence, and the concept of stochastic 3D/2D conjugation should help design novel light detection methods for large samples or diluted emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissame Khaoua
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Guillaume Graciani
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Andrey Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - François Amblard
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan, South Korea. .,Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea. .,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
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22
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Solovjev AM, Galkin II, Pletjushkina OY, Medvedko AV, Zhao S, Sakharov IY. Isothermal chemiluminescent assay based on circular stand-displacement polymerization reaction amplification for cel-miRNA-39-3p determination in cell extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:987-992. [PMID: 33887290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific heterogeneous assay for quantitation of cel-miRNA-39-3p (miRNA-39) was constructed. To improve the assay sensitivity an amplification strategy based on the use of isothermal circular strand-displacement polymerization reaction (ICSDPR), polyperoxidase conjugated with streptavidin and enhanced chemiluminescence was used. The detection limit of the proposed assay was 4 × 10-13 M. The coefficient of variation (CV) for quantitation of miRNA-39 within the working range was below 8%. The study of cross-reactivity of different miRNAs including miRNA-39 demonstrated high specificity of the proposed assay. Comparison of the calibration curves of miRNA-39 dissolved in the buffer and the lysate of MCF-7 cells (prepared by lysis of the cells with phenol/guanidine thiocyanate mixture and purified using silica membrane spin column) has demonstrated a negligible matrix effect. The proposed assay makes it possible to estimate the yield of purification of miRNAs from cells, which is necessary for the quantitative calculation of the intracellular content of miRNAs measured with the isothermal assay coupled with ICSDPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Solovjev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan I Galkin
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Pletjushkina
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V Medvedko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ivan Yu Sakharov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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23
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Zangheri M, Di Nardo F, Calabria D, Marchegiani E, Anfossi L, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M, Baggiani C, Roda A. Smartphone biosensor for point-of-need chemiluminescence detection of ochratoxin A in wine and coffee. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1163:338515. [PMID: 34024424 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins, which may contaminate food and feed commodities, represents a serious health risk for consumers. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most abundant and toxic mycotoxins, thus specific regulations for fixing its maximum admissible levels in foodstuff have been established. Lateral Flow ImmunoAssay (LFIA)-based devices have been proposed as screening tools to avoid OTA contamination along the whole food chain. We report a portable, user-friendly smartphone-based biosensor for the detection and quantification of OTA in wine and instant coffee, which combines the LFIA approach with chemiluminescence (CL) detection. The device employs the smartphone camera as a light detector and uses low-cost, disposable analytical cartridges containing the LFIA strip and all the necessary reagents. The analysis can be carried out at the point of need by non-specialized operators through simple manual operations. The biosensor allows OTA quantitative detection in wine and coffee samples up to 25 μg L-1 and with limits of detection of 0.3 and 0.1 μg L-1, respectively, which are below the European law-fixed limits. These results demonstrate that the developed device can be used for routine monitoring of OTA contamination, enabling rapid and reliable identification of positive samples requiring confirmatory analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI Agrifood), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchegiani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Research "Renewable Sources, Environment, Blue Growth, Energy", University of Bologna, Via Angherà 22, Rimini, 47921, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi" (INBB) - Viale Delle Medaglie D'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Research "Renewable Sources, Environment, Blue Growth, Energy", University of Bologna, Via Angherà 22, Rimini, 47921, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi" (INBB) - Viale Delle Medaglie D'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
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24
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High-performance field-effect transistor glucose biosensors based on bimetallic Ni/Cu metal-organic frameworks. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Electrochemical biosensors: a nexus for precision medicine. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:69-79. [PMID: 33137482 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is a field with huge potential for improving a patient's quality of life, wherein therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can provide actionable insights. More importantly, incorrect drug dose is a common contributor to medical errors. However, current TDM practice is time-consuming and expensive, and requires specialised technicians. One solution is to use electrochemical biosensors (ECBs), which are inexpensive, portable, and highly sensitive. In this review, we explore the potential for ECBs as a technology for on-demand drug monitoring, including microneedles, continuous monitoring, synthetic biorecognition elements, and multi-material electrodes. We also highlight emerging strategies to achieve continuous drug monitoring, and conclude by appraising recent developments and providing an outlook for the field.
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26
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Raymundo-Pereira PA, Silva TA, Caetano FR, Ribovski L, Zapp E, Brondani D, Bergamini MF, Marcolino LH, Banks CE, Oliveira ON, Janegitz BC, Fatibello-Filho O. Polyphenol oxidase-based electrochemical biosensors: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:198-221. [PMID: 33190704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of phenolic compounds is relevant not only for their possible benefits to human health but also for their role as chemical pollutants, including as endocrine disruptors. The required monitoring of such compounds on-site or in field analysis can be performed with electrochemical biosensors made with polyphenol oxidases (PPO). In this review, we describe biosensors containing the oxidases tyrosinase and laccase, in addition to crude extracts and tissues from plants as enzyme sources. From the survey in the literature, we found that significant advances to obtain sensitive, robust biosensors arise from the synergy reached with a diversity of nanomaterials employed in the matrix. These nanomaterials are mostly metallic nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures, which offer a suitable environment to preserve the activity of the enzymes and enhance electron transport. Besides presenting a summary of contributions to electrochemical biosensors containing PPOs in the last five years, we discuss the trends and challenges to take these biosensors to the market, especially for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago A Silva
- Departamento de Metalurgia e Química, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), 35180-008, Timóteo, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio R Caetano
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Laís Ribovski
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Zapp
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 89036-256, Brazil
| | - Daniela Brondani
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 89036-256, Brazil
| | - Marcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Marcolino
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Han GR, Kim MG. Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Cardiac Troponin I Detection in Human Serum. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092593. [PMID: 32370181 PMCID: PMC7248921 DOI: 10.3390/s20092593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have become the most common biosensing platforms for point-of-care testing due to their compliance with the ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid/robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end-users) guidelines stipulated by the World Health Organization. However, the limited analytical sensitivity and low quantitative capability of conventional LFAs, which use gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for colorimetric labeling, have prevented high-performance testing. Here, we report the development of a highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL)-based LFA involving AuNPs conjugated with aldehyde-activated peroxidase and antibody molecules-i.e., AuNP-(ald)HRP-Ab-as a new conjugation scheme for high-performance testing in LFAs. When paired with the CL-based signal readout modality, the AuNP-(ald)HRP-Ab conjugate resulted in 110-fold enhanced sensitivity over the colorimetric response of a typical AuNP-Ab conjugate. To evaluate the performance of the CL-based LFA, we tested it with human cardiac troponin I (cTnI; a standard cardiac biomarker used to diagnose myocardial infarction) in standard and clinical serum samples. Testing the standard samples revealed a detection limit of 5.6 pg·mL-1 and acceptably reliable precision (with a coefficient of variation of 2.3%-8.4%), according to clinical guidelines. Moreover, testing the clinical samples revealed a high correlation (r = 0.97) with standard biochemical analyzers, demonstrating the potential clinical utility of the CL-based LFA for high-performance cTnI testing.
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