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Swara RR, Rahma AIM, Kharismasari CY, Wulandari DA, Zakiyyah SN, Einaga Y, Hartati YW, Irkham. Boron-doped diamond electrochemical biosensors. Clin Chim Acta 2025; 574:120285. [PMID: 40220983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2025.120285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential tools for identifying and monitoring disease throughout pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Advanced technology, such as electrochemical biosensors, have emerged as powerful tools as sensitive, selective and cost-efficient tools to identify biomarkers. Among these, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have gained significant attention due to their functional characteristics that include wide potential window, low background current, biocompatibility and stability. These attributes enable the precise detection of biomarkers at very low concentration even in complex biologic matrices, making BDD-based biosensors uniquely suitable for clinical and point-of-care diagnostics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of BDD electrodes, including synthesis, material properties and surface modification techniques aimed at enhancing electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the review discusses the use of BDD-based biosensors in the early detection of major diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders and infection. By incorporating recent advancements, this article highlights the significant potential of BDD-based electrochemical biosensors in modern medical diagnostics and provides a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa Radithya Swara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Aqilla Irfa Muthia Rahma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Clianta Yudin Kharismasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dika Apriliana Wulandari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Salma Nur Zakiyyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Study Center of Sensor and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Study Center of Sensor and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
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Ge X, Xu J, He J, Wang J, Qian Y. Identification and functional characterization of prognosis-related ferroptosis-associated lncRNAs in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1561210. [PMID: 40364849 PMCID: PMC12069887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden, with current treatment strategies often limited by the TNM classification system's inability to fully capture tumor heterogeneity. This study aims to explore the biological functions and prognostic value of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (DEFRlncRNAs) in CRC. Methods We utilized the TCGA database to identify DEFRlncRNAs associated with CRC prognosis. Through multivariate Cox regression analysis, we constructed a prognostic model and selected three key lncRNAs: Lnc-SH2D3A-2, Lnc-LSS-1, and Lnc-PEX11G-4. We assessed their expression in CRC and normal colonic epithelial cell lines using qPCR. Further functional assays included ferroptosis induction with RSL3 and Erastin, cell viability assessments, immunofluorescence staining for lipid peroxidation, and Western blot analysis of ferroptosis-related proteins. Results Our analysis identified 15 DEFRlncRNAs significantly associated with CRC prognosis, with Lnc-SH2D3A-2, Lnc-LSS-1, and Lnc-PEX11G-4 showing high basal expression in CRC cell lines. Knockdown of Lnc-LSS-1 and Lnc-PEX11G-4 in HT29 and DLD1 cells resulted in significant inhibition of ferroptosis induced by RSL3 and Erastin. The mechanism behind the suppression of ferroptosis by knockdown of Lnc-LSS-1 and Lnc-PEX11G-4 may involve the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the upregulation of GPX4 expression. Conclusion DEFRlncRNAs, particularly Lnc-LSS-1 and Lnc-PEX11G-4, play crucial roles in regulating ferroptosis in CRC. These lncRNAs have potential as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, providing valuable insights for personalized CRC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Xu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjie He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Qian
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Garcia-Rico E, Correa-Duarte MA, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Precision oncology through SERS: emerging approaches for improved cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2025:1-4. [PMID: 40293175 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2497745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Garcia-Rico
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la salud de la Universidad Camilo Jose Cela, Villafranca del Castillo, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital HM Torrelodones, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Vidović V, Davidov I, Ružić Z, Erdeljan M, Galfi Vukomanović A, Blagojević B. Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors. Molecules 2025; 30:1411. [PMID: 40286049 PMCID: PMC11990102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential role of androgens in human breast cancer and female canine mammary tumors. Human breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women globally, while female canine mammary tumors provide a natural model for the study of human breast cancer due to their similar histopathologies and molecular features. Androgen receptors, typically linked to male sex hormones, are present in up to 90% of human breast tumors. These receptors interact with estrogen-receptor signaling, suggesting their involvement in a complex mechanism in cancer progression. Androgen receptors have become key players in breast cancer biology, offering new targets for therapeutic strategies. The presence of these receptors in both human and canine tumors raises important questions about their role in the development of these malignancies. While the exact mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, research suggests that targeting androgen-receptor signaling could be a novel therapeutic approach for both humans and canines. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the implications of androgen-receptor expression and to develop more effective targeted therapies for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vidović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Davidov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (Z.R.); (M.E.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Zoran Ružić
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (Z.R.); (M.E.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Mihajlo Erdeljan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (Z.R.); (M.E.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Annamaria Galfi Vukomanović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (Z.R.); (M.E.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Bojana Blagojević
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (Z.R.); (M.E.); (A.G.V.)
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Ye QY, Wang YY, Wang ZJ, Lu M, Peng HX, Wang X, Cheng XX, Ying HQ. Robust Predictive Performance of MLPAS and CCMLP for Clinical Outcome and Risk Stratification in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:3889-3900. [PMID: 40109656 PMCID: PMC11921802 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s498028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no recognized biomarker is recommended to monitor or predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with negative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and to classify high recurrence-risk cases. METHODS Discovery and two-stage validation cohorts, which included 2111 radically resected patients with stage II-III CRC, were enrolled in this study. We detected preoperative peripheral monocyte, platelet, albumin (Alb), pre-albumin (pAlb), CEA, and CA19-9 and investigated the prognostic and risk-stratified roles of twelve new inflammatory biomarkers in the three cohorts. RESULTS In our study, monocyte-to-pAlb ratio (MPAR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte -to-Alb ratio (MLAR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte-to-pAlb ratio (MLPAR), monocyte- to-pAlb score (MPAS), lymphocyte-to-monocyte-Alb score (MLAS), lymphocyte-to monocyte-pAlb score (MLPAS), and platelet-to-lymphocyte-Alb score (PLAS) were significantly associated with both RFS and OS in three cohorts. MLPAS showed the best performance in predicting RFS and OS, and it was related to right-tumor location and significant cancer burden (≥5cm) in the overall population. Moreover, MLPAS is a robust prognostic biomarker in subgroups stratified by CEA or CA19-9. Patients with scores zero and two of the CEA-CA19-9-MLPAS score (CCMLP) showed the lowest and highest recurrence and death rates, respectively, and significant survival differences were observed between them. CONCLUSION MLPAS is an optimal, independent, and robust prognostic biomarker in the stage II-III CRC population, especially with negative CEA or CA19-9. The CCMLP could effectively classify high recurrence-risk patients who require more focus, monitoring, and treatment for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ying Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Immunity and Inflammation Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, 334000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Shangrao City, Shangrao, 334000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Immunity and Inflammation Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Immunity and Inflammation Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, 210006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Xin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Immunity and Inflammation Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hou-Qun Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Immunity and Inflammation Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Shangrao City, Shangrao, 334000, People’s Republic of China
- Shangrao Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Shangrao, 334000, People’s Republic of China
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Vo DK, Trinh KTL. Polymerase Chain Reaction Chips for Biomarker Discovery and Validation in Drug Development. MICROMACHINES 2025; 16:243. [PMID: 40141854 PMCID: PMC11944077 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chips are advanced, microfluidic platforms that have revolutionized biomarker discovery and validation because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput levels. These chips miniaturize traditional PCR processes for the speed and precision of nucleic acid biomarker detection relevant to advancing drug development. Biomarkers, which are useful in helping to explain disease mechanisms, patient stratification, and therapeutic monitoring, are hard to identify and validate due to the complexity of biological systems and the limitations of traditional techniques. The challenges to which PCR chips respond include high-throughput capabilities coupled with real-time quantitative analysis, enabling researchers to identify novel biomarkers with greater accuracy and reproducibility. More recent design improvements of PCR chips have further expanded their functionality to also include digital and multiplex PCR technologies. Digital PCR chips are ideal for quantifying rare biomarkers, which is essential in oncology and infectious disease research. In contrast, multiplex PCR chips enable simultaneous analysis of multiple targets, therefore simplifying biomarker validation. Furthermore, single-cell PCR chips have made it possible to detect biomarkers at unprecedented resolution, hence revealing heterogeneity within cell populations. PCR chips are transforming drug development, enabling target identification, patient stratification, and therapeutic efficacy assessment. They play a major role in the development of companion diagnostics and, therefore, pave the way for personalized medicine, ensuring that the right patient receives the right treatment. While this tremendously promising technology has exhibited many challenges regarding its scalability, integration with other omics technologies, and conformity with regulatory requirements, many still prevail. Future breakthroughs in chip manufacturing, the integration of artificial intelligence, and multi-omics applications will further expand PCR chip capabilities. PCR chips will not only be important for the acceleration of drug discovery and development but also in raising the bar in improving patient outcomes and, hence, global health care as these technologies continue to mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Khoa Vo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Bionano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Örsten S, Baysal I, Sarıkaya M, Yağmur E, Bozkurt O, Karahan S, Ünal E, Çiftçi SY, Doğrul AB, Akıncı D, Çiftçi T, Ergin A, Akhan O. Evaluating diagnostic performance: A comparative analysis of cell-free DNA and serological test in hepatic cystic Echinococcosis. J Helminthol 2025; 99:e2. [PMID: 39803683 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Diagnosing CE primarily relies on imaging techniques, and there is a crucial need for an objective laboratory test to enhance the diagnostic process. Today, cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) have gained importance regarding their biomarker potential. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic capabilities of different cfDNA targets (Echinococcus-specific repeat sequences (mgs-4 and mgs-12) and partial fragment of repetitive sequence (EG1 Hae III)) and evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness when compared to a frequently used commercial E.granulosus-specific IgG ELISA. Seventy-six confirmed hepatic CE patients and healthy controls were included in the study. The EG1 Hae III region was assessed using nested PCR, whereas real-time PCR was employed to investigate other cfDNA targets. Analysis of the cfDNA-targeted tests indicated that mgs-4 demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing CE patients from healthy controls, achieving a sensitivity of 60.5% (p = 0.002). Combining ELISA with the mgs-4 target led to an increased sensitivity of 72.4% for distinguishing between CE patients and the control group. The sensitivity rates for ELISA and the three cfDNA targets varied among the groups. Active CE patients showed sensitivity rates of 52.9%, 52.9%, 23.5%, and 52.9% for ELISA, mgs-4, mgs-12, and EG1 Hae III assays, respectively. In contrast, inactive cyst patients displayed sensitivity rates of 21.4%, 66.7%, 19%, and 42.9% for the corresponding assays. The mgs-4, either alone or in combination with ELISA, demonstrated notably higher sensitivity values for CE diagnosis in all group comparisons compared to serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Örsten
- Hacettepe University, Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkiye
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of One Health, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - I Baysal
- Hacettepe University, Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkiye
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of One Health, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - M Sarıkaya
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of One Health, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - E Yağmur
- Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kahramanmaraş, Turkiye
| | - O Bozkurt
- Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkiye
| | - S Karahan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - E Ünal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - S Y Çiftçi
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of One Health, Ankara, Turkiye
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - A B Doğrul
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - D Akıncı
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - T Çiftçi
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - A Ergin
- Hacettepe University, Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - O Akhan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkiye
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Islam MS, Aktar S, Moetamedirad N, Xie N, Lu CT, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. A novel platform for mutation detection in colorectal cancer using a PNA-LNA molecular switch. Biosens Bioelectron 2025; 267:116813. [PMID: 39357493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Detection of KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is important in the prediction of response to target therapy. The study aims to develop a novel mutation detection platform called the "PNA-LNA molecular switch" for the detection of KRAS mutation in CRC. We employed the enhanced binding specificity of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) in conjunction with a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach to identify the mutation status of KRAS oncogene codon 12 (c.35G>T/G12V and c.35G>A/G12D) using synthetic oligonucleotides and colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and SW480). This method specifically blocked the amplification of the wild-type sequences while substantially amplifying the mutated ones, which was visualized by both colorimetric and fluorescence assays. We then checked the mutation profile of KRAS codon 12 in the DNA derived from tumor tissue samples (number of samples, n = 30) and circulating tumor cells (n = 24) from CRC patients. Finally, we validated the results by comparing them with the data obtained from DNA sequencing of colon tumors (n = 21) of the same CRC patients. This method showed excellent sensitivity (1 DNA copy/μl), reproducibility [relative standard deviation (%RSD) < 5%, for n = 3], and linear dynamic range (1 ag/μl-10 pg/μl, R2 = 0.94). This platform is significantly faster, relatively cheaper, has superior sensitivity and specificity, and does not require any high-end equipment. To conclude, this method has the potential to be translated into clinical settings for the detection of mutations in diverse diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Sharmin Aktar
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Neda Moetamedirad
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Nan Xie
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Cu Tai Lu
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Department of Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia.
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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Kwan ASH, Uwishema O, Mshaymesh S, Choudhary K, Salem FK, Sengar AS, Patel RP, Kazan Z, Wellington J. Advances in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: the application of molecular biomarkers and imaging techniques: a literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2025; 87:192-203. [PMID: 40109625 PMCID: PMC11918703 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Following neoplasms of the lung and breast, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignancy globally. Screening for CRC at the age of 50 years is strongly encouraged for prompt earlier diagnosis owing to prognoses being greatly correlated with time of detection and cancer staging. Aim This review aimed to elucidate the most recent advancements in the detection of CRC, with an emphasis on the latest innovations in diagnostic molecular biomarkers in conjunction with radiological imaging alongside stool-based tests for CRC screening. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was performed, focusing on specific terms in different electronic databases, including that of PubMed/MEDLINE. Keywords pertaining to "colorectal cancer," "diagnosis," "screening," "imaging," and "biomarkers," among others, were employed in the search strategy. Articles screened and evaluated were deemed relevant to the study aim and were presented in the medium of the English language. Results There have been several innovations in the diagnostics and identification of CRC. These generally comprise molecular biomarkers, currently being studied for suitability in disease detection. Examples of these include genetic, epigenetic, and protein biomarkers. Concurrently, recent developments in CRC diagnostics highlight the advancements made in radiological imaging that offer precise insights on tumor biology in addition to morphological information. Combining these with statistical methodologies will increase the sensitivity and specificity of CRC diagnostics. However, putting these strategies into reality is hampered by several issues. Conclusion Progress in diagnostic technology alongside the identification of a few prognostic predictive molecular biomarkers suggested great promise for prompt detection and management of CRC. This clearly necessitates further efforts to learn more in this specific sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Su Huey Kwan
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Sarah Mshaymesh
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Haigazian University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karan Choudhary
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Medical School, Department of General Medicine, MGM Medical College, Aurangabad, India
| | - Fatma K Salem
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Aman Singh Sengar
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Medical School, Department of General Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Raj Pravin Patel
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of General Surgery, Manohar Waman Desai General Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Zeinab Kazan
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jack Wellington
- Department of Research and Education, Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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10
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Yan X, Zhang W, Yang J. Self-signal electrochemical identification of circulating tumor DNA employing poly-xanthurenic acid assembled on black phosphorus nanosheets. Anal Biochem 2024; 690:115512. [PMID: 38527608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A self-signal electrochemical identification interface was prepared for the determination of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood based on poly-xanthurenic acid (PXTA) assembled on black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) acquired through simple ultrasonication method. The BPNSs with large surface area could be integrated with the xanthurenic acid (XTA) monomers by right of physisorption, and hence improved the electropolymerization efficiency and was beneficial to the enlargement of the signal response of PXTA. The assembled PXTA/BPNSs composite with attractive electrochemical activity was adopted as a platform for the recognition of DNA immobilization and hybridization. The probe ssDNA was covalently fixed onto the PXTA/BPNSs composite with plentiful carboxyl groups through the terminate free amines of DNA probes by use of the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydrosulfosuccinimide cross-linking reaction, accompanied with the decline of the self-signal response. When the hybridization between the probe ssDNA and the target DNA was accomplished, the self-signal response of the composite interface reproduced by virtue of the shaping of helix construction. The determination limit of the assembled DNA identification interface was 2.1 × 10-19 mol/L, and the complementary target DNA concentrations varied from 1.0 × 10-18 mol/L to 1.0 × 10-12 mol/L. The DNA identification platform displayed magnificent sensitivity, specificity and stability, and was efficaciously implemented to the mensuration of ctDNA derived from colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Jimin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
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11
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Ficarino H, Cage B, Osula JP, Heatherly A, Chu D, Reddy S, Bhatia S, Hollis R. Deficiencies in germline genetic testing in young-onset colorectal cancer patients. Am J Surg 2024; 232:126-130. [PMID: 38302366 PMCID: PMC11090699 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young-onset colorectal cancer (YO-CRC) patients have high rates of pathologic genetic variants on germline testing, however it is unclear what factors are associated with genetic testing completion. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of YO-CRC patients aged ≤50 years between 2014 and 2021 who received the entirety of their cancer care at a single institution. The primary outcome was completion of germline multigene panel testing. Variables were examined for association with germline multigene panel testing. RESULTS Among 100 YO-CRC patients, only 31 % (n = 31) completed genetic testing. Testing rates did not differ by colorectal cancer stage but were significantly higher among patients who received chemotherapy (39.8 % vs 5.9 %; p = 0.01) and in patients with increasing number of relatives with a family history of cancer (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Only one-third of YO-CRC patients completed genetic testing. Patients seen by oncology or with increasingly strong family cancer history were more likely to complete genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ficarino
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ben Cage
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jean Paul Osula
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Alexis Heatherly
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sushanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Robert Hollis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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12
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Plekhanov AA, Kozlov DS, Shepeleva AA, Kiseleva EB, Shimolina LE, Druzhkova IN, Plekhanova MA, Karabut MM, Gubarkova EV, Gavrina AI, Krylov DP, Sovetsky AA, Gamayunov SV, Kuznetsova DS, Zaitsev VY, Sirotkina MA, Gladkova ND. Tissue Elasticity as a Diagnostic Marker of Molecular Mutations in Morphologically Heterogeneous Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5337. [PMID: 38791375 PMCID: PMC11120711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of molecular mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a decisive factor in selecting the most effective first-line therapy. However, molecular analysis is routinely performed only in a limited number of patients with remote metastases. We propose to use tissue stiffness as a marker of the presence of molecular mutations in CRC samples. For this purpose, we applied compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) to calculate stiffness values in regions corresponding to specific CRC morphological patterns (n = 54). In parallel to estimating stiffness, molecular analysis from the same zones was performed to establish their relationships. As a result, a high correlation between the presence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF driver mutations and high stiffness values was revealed regardless of CRC morphological pattern type. Further, we proposed threshold stiffness values for label-free targeted detection of molecular alterations in CRC tissues: for KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF driver mutation-above 803 kPa (sensitivity-91%; specificity-80%; diagnostic accuracy-85%), and only for KRAS driver mutation-above 850 kPa (sensitivity-90%; specificity-88%; diagnostic accuracy-89%). To conclude, C-OCE estimation of tissue stiffness can be used as a clinical diagnostic tool for preliminary screening of genetic burden in CRC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Plekhanov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Shepeleva
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena B. Kiseleva
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Liubov E. Shimolina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina N. Druzhkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria A. Plekhanova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod City Polyclinic #1, 5 Marshala Zhukova Sq., 603107 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria M. Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Gubarkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena I. Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry P. Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Sovetsky
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gamayunov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria S. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y. Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina A. Sirotkina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia D. Gladkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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13
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Yan D, Jiao L, Chen C, Jia X, Li R, Hu L, Li X, Zhai Y, Strizhak PE, Zhu Z, Tang J, Lu X. p-d Orbital Hybridization-Engineered PdSn Nanozymes for a Sensitive Immunoassay. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2912-2920. [PMID: 38391386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity have been extensively studied for colorimetric biosensing. However, their catalytic activity and specificity still lag far behind those of natural enzymes, which significantly affects the accuracy and sensitivity of colorimetric biosensing. To address this issue, we design PdSn nanozymes with selectively enhanced peroxidase-like activity, which improves the sensitivity and accuracy of a colorimetric immunoassay. The peroxidase-like activity of PdSn nanozymes is significantly higher than that of Pd nanozymes. Theoretical calculations reveal that the p-d orbital hybridization of Pd and Sn not only results in an upward shift of the d-band center to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) adsorption but also regulates the O-O bonding strength of H2O2 to achieve selective H2O2 activation. Ultimately, the nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been successfully developed to sensitively and accurately detect the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), achieving a low detection limit of 1.696 pg mL-1. This work demonstrates a promising approach for detecting PSA in a clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Yan
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangkun Jia
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Li
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Hu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zhai
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Peter E Strizhak
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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