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In silico modeling and molecular docking insights of kaempferitrin for colon cancer-related molecular targets. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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2
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Sahni S, Hickok JR, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide reduces oxidative stress in cancer cells by forming dinitrosyliron complexes. Nitric Oxide 2018. [PMID: 29522907 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chelatable iron pool (CIP) is a small but chemically significant fraction of total cellular iron. While this dynamic population of iron is limited, it is redox active and capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to oxidative stress which is associated with various pathologies. Nitric oxide (•NO), is a free radical signalling molecule that regulates numerous physiological and pathological conditions. We have previously shown that macrophages exposed to endogenously generated or exogenously administered nitric oxide (•NO) results in its interaction with CIP to form dinitrosyliron complexes with thiol containing ligands (DNICs). In this study we assessed the consequences of DNIC formation in cancer cells as •NO is known to be associated with numerous malignancies. Incubation of cancer cells with •NO led to a time and dose dependent increase in formation of DNICs. The formation of DNICs results in the sequestration of the CIP which is a major source of iron for redox reactions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Therefore, we set out to test the antioxidant effect of •NO by measuring the ability of DNICs to protect cells against oxidative stress. We observed that cancer cells treated with •NO were partially protected against H2O2 mediated cytotoxicity. This correlated to a concomitant decrease in the formation of oxidants when •NO was present during H2O2 treatment. Similar protective effects were achieved by treating cells with iron chelators in the presence of H2O2. Interestingly, •NO decreased the rate of cellular metabolism of H2O2 suggesting that a proportion of H2O2 is consumed via reactions with cellular iron. When the CIP was artificially increased by supplementation of cells with iron, a significant decrease in the cytoprotective effect of •NO was observed. Notably, •NO concentrations, at which cytoprotective and antioxidant effects were observed, correlated with concentration-dependent increases in DNIC formation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that •NO has antioxidant properties by its ability to sequester cellular iron. This could play a significant role in variety of diseases involving ROS mediated toxicity like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders where •NO has been shown to be an important etiologic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason R Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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3
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The Role of Nitric Oxide from Neurological Disease to Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:71-88. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Abstract
The increasing understanding of the role of nitric oxide (NO) in cancer biology has generated significant progress in the use of NO donor-based therapy to fight cancer. These advances strongly suggest the potential adoption of NO donor-based therapy in clinical practice, and this has been supported by several clinical studies in the past decade. In this review, we first highlight several types of important NO donors, including recently developed NO donors bearing a dinitroazetidine skeleton, represented by RRx-001, with potential utility in cancer therapy. Special emphasis is then given to the combination of NO donor(s) with other therapies to achieve synergy and to the hybridization of NO donor(s) with an anticancer drug/agent/fragment to enhance the activity or specificity or to reduce toxicity. In addition, we briefly describe inducible NO synthase gene therapy and nanotechnology, which have recently entered the field of NO donor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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5
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Zhilitskaya LV, Yarosh NO, Shagun LG, Dorofeev IA, Larina LI. The reaction of para-aminobenzoic acid with 1-iodopropan-2-one. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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PABA/NO lead optimization: Improved targeting of cytotoxicity to glutathione S-transferase P1-overexpressing cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4980-4988. [PMID: 26043946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PABA/NO [O(2)-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino) diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing arylating agent designed to be selectively activated by reaction with glutathione (GSH) on catalysis by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. PABA/NO has proven active in several cancer models in vitro and in vivo, but its tendency to be metabolized via a variety of pathways, some that generate inactive metabolites and hydrolysis products, limits its potential as a drug. Here we show that a simple replacement of cyano for nitro at the 4 position to give compound 4b ('p-cyano-PABA/NO') has the dual effect of slowing the undesired side reactions while enhancing the proportion of NO release and arylating activity on catalysis by GSTP1. Compound 4b showed increased resistance to hydrolysis and uncatalyzed reaction with GSH, along with a more favorable product distribution in the presence of GSTP1. It also showed significant proapoptotic activity. The data suggest p-cyano-PABA/NO to be a more promising prodrug than PABA/NO, with better selectivity toward cancer cells.
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7
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Site-directed delivery of nitric oxide to cancers. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:8-16. [PMID: 25124221 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gaseous free radical which mediates numerous biological processes. At elevated levels, NO is found to be toxic to cancers and hence, a number of strategies for site-directed delivery of NO to cancers are in development during the past two decades. More recently, the focus of research has been to, in conjunction with other cancer drugs deliver NO to cancers for its secondary effects including inhibition of cellular drug efflux pumps. Among the various approaches toward site-selective delivery of exogenous NO sources, enzyme activated nitric oxide donors belonging to the diazeniumdiolate category afford unique advantages including exquisite control of rates of NO generation and selectivity of NO production. For this prodrug approach, enzymes including esterase, glutathione/glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, and nitroreductase are utilized. Here, we review the design and development of various approaches to enzymatic site-directed delivery of NO to cancers and their potential.
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8
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Kim J, Saravanakumar G, Choi HW, Park D, Kim WJ. A platform for nitric oxide delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:341-356. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Fu J, Liu L, Huang Z, Lai Y, Ji H, Peng S, Tian J, Zhang Y. Hybrid Molecule from O2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)diazeniumdiolate and Oleanolic Acid: A Glutathione S-Transferase π-Activated Nitric Oxide Prodrug with Selective Anti-Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity and Improved Stability. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4641-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400393u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology,
Medical
College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and
Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
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10
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Yu H, Xiao Y, Jin L. A lysosome-targetable and two-photon fluorescent probe for monitoring endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide in living cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17486-9. [PMID: 23043509 DOI: 10.1021/ja308967u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A lysosome-specific and two-photon fluorescent probe, Lyso-NINO, demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity toward NO, lower cytotoxicity, and perfect lysosomal localization. With the aid of Lyso-NINO, the first capture of NO within lysosomes of macrophage cells has been achieved using both two-photon fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Prada J, Shalapour S, Pfau M, Henze G, Seeger K. Antiproliferative Properties of the Serotonin Receptor Antagonist Ondansetron Correlate with Increased Nitric Oxides Release and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line REH. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent report from our group described that the (serotonin receptor-3)-antagonist ondansetron exhibits antiproliferative effects in the B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cell line REH. Furthermore, after each application of ondansetron to cultured REH cells, significant increases (+23%) in the concentration of nitric oxides (NO) were observed in the cell supernatants after 72 hours incubation in standard conditions, and this effect was found to correlate with the described antiproliferative activity. This feature was further confirmed by using mRNA dot blot hybridizations with a specific gene probe for the inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), yielding significant increases (+100%) of iNOS mRNA, which were found to widely correlate with the detected increases of NO release, and also with the previously described antiproliferative effects. The presented results are the first report on high specific pro-inflammatory features of a (serotonin receptor 3)-antagonist in a BCP-ALL cell line, which are associated with previously described antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Prada
- Biomedical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Shalapour
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Pfau
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Henze
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Seeger
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Lu Y, Sun B, Li C, Schoenfisch MH. Structurally Diverse Nitric Oxide-Releasing Poly(propylene Imine) Dendrimers. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011; 23:4227-4233. [PMID: 22053127 PMCID: PMC3204868 DOI: 10.1021/cm201628z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Structurally diverse secondary amine-functionalized poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers capable of tunable nitric oxide (NO) release were synthesized in a straightforward, one-step manner using ring-opening or conjugate-addition reactions with propylene oxide (PO), styrene oxide (SO), acrylonitrile (ACN), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (average Mn = 480) (PEG) or 1,2-epoxy-9-decene (ED). N-Diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide donors were formed on the resulting secondary amine-functionalized G2-G5 PPI dendrimers by reaction with NO gas in basic solution. The NO storage and release kinetics for the resulting dendritic scaffolds were diverse (0.9-3.8 μmol NO/mg totals and 0.3 to 4.9 h half lives), illustrating the importance of the exterior chemical modification (e.g., steric environments, hydrophobicity, etc.) on diazeniumdiolate stability/decomposition. Tunable NO release was demonstrated by combining two donor systems on the exterior of one macromolecular scaffold. Additionally, a mathematical model was developed that allows for the simulation of dual NO release kinetics using the NO release data from the two single NO donor systems. The approaches described herein extend the range and scope of NO-releasing macromolecular scaffolds by unlocking a series of materials for use as dopants in biomedical polymers or stand-alone therapeutics depending on the exterior modification.
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13
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Fallica B, Makin G, Zaman MH. Bioengineering approaches to study multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:529-39. [PMID: 21387035 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to become resistant to chemotherapeutic agents is a major challenge for the treatment of malignant tumors. Several strategies have emerged to attempt to inhibit chemoresistance, but the fact remains that resistance is a problem for every effective anticancer drug. The first part of this review will focus on the mechanisms of chemoresistance. It is important to understand the environmental cues, transport limitations and the cellular signaling pathways associated with chemoresistance before we can hope to effectively combat it. The second part of this review focuses on the work that needs to be done moving forward. Specifically, this section focuses on the necessity of translational research and interdisciplinary directives. It is critical that the expertise of oncologists, biologists, and engineers be brought together to attempt to tackle the problem. This discussion is from an engineering perspective, as the dialogue between engineers and other cancer researchers is the most challenging due to non-overlapping background knowledge. Chemoresistance is a complex and devastating process, meaning that we urgently need sophisticated methods to study the process of how cells become resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fallica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, USA
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14
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Velázquez CA, Lynn GM, Kumar V, Keefer LK, Malhotra SV. Arylation of Sensitive 1-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)-diazen-1-ium-diolate in Ionic Liquids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903074079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Velázquez
- a Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Lynn
- a Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- b Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, SAIC–Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Larry K. Keefer
- a Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- b Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, SAIC–Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Kumar V, Hong SY, Maciag AE, Saavedra JE, Adamson DH, Prud'homme RK, Keefer LK, Chakrapani H. Stabilization of the nitric oxide (NO) prodrugs and anticancer leads, PABA/NO and Double JS-K, through incorporation into PEG-protected nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:291-8. [PMID: 20000791 PMCID: PMC2815019 DOI: 10.1021/mp900245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the stabilization of the nitric oxide (NO) prodrugs and anticancer lead compounds, PABA/NO (O(2)-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate) and "Double JS-K" 1,5-bis-{1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diol-2-ato}-2,4-dinitrobenzene, through their incorporation into polymer-protected nanoparticles. The prodrugs were formulated in block copolymer-stabilized nanoparticles with sizes from 220 to 450 nm by a novel rapid precipitation process. The block copolymers, with polyethylene glycol (PEG) soluble blocks, provide a steric barrier against NO prodrug activation by glutathione. Too rapid activation and NO release has been a major barrier to effective administration of this class of compounds. The nanoparticle stabilized PABA/NO are protected from attack by glutathione as evidenced by a significant increase in time taken for 50% decomposition from 15 min (unformulated) to 5 h (formulated); in the case of Double JS-K, the 50% decomposition time was extended from 4.5 min (unformulated) to 40 min (formulated). The more hydrophobic PABA/NO produced more stable nanoparticles and correspondingly more extended release times in comparison with Double JS-K. The hydrophobic blocks of the polymer were either polystyrene or polylactide. Both blocks produced nanoparticles of approximately the same size and release kinetics. This combination of PEG-protected nanoparticles with sizes appropriate for cancer targeting by enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) and delayed release of NO may afford enhanced therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Sam Y. Hong
- Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Anna E. Maciag
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Joseph E. Saavedra
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Douglas H. Adamson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Robert K. Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Larry K. Keefer
- Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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Hassanin H, Hannibal L, Jacobsen D, El-Shahat M, Hamza M, Brasch N. Mechanistic Studies on the Reaction between R2N-NONOates and Aquacobalamin: Evidence for Direct Transfer of a Nitroxyl Group from R2N-NONOates to Cobalt(III) Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Hassanin HA, Hannibal L, Jacobsen DW, El-Shahat MF, Hamza MSA, Brasch NE. Mechanistic studies on the reaction between R2N-NONOates and aquacobalamin: evidence for direct transfer of a nitroxyl group from R2N-NONOates to cobalt(III) centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8909-13. [PMID: 19852010 PMCID: PMC2830066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A Hassanin
- Department of Chemistry and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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18
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Andrei D, Maciag AE, Chakrapani H, Citro ML, Keefer LK, Saavedra JE. Aryl bis(diazeniumdiolates): potent inducers of S-glutathionylation of cellular proteins and their in vitro antiproliferative activities. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7944-52. [PMID: 19053760 PMCID: PMC2629944 DOI: 10.1021/jm800831y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A number of bis(diazeniumdiolates) that we designed to release up to 4 mol of nitric oxide (NO) and that are structural analogues of the NO prodrug and anticancer lead compound O(2)-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2- diolate (PABA/NO) were synthesized and studied. A majority of these compounds yielded higher levels of NO, were better inhibitors of proliferation of a number of cancer cell lines, and more rapidly induced substantially increased levels of S-glutathionylation of cellular proteins in comparison with PABA/NO. In most cases, the antiproliferative activity and extents of S-glutathionylation correlated well with levels of intracellular NO release. We report bis(diazeniumdiolates) to be a class of S-glutathionylating agents with potent antiproliferative and S-glutathionylating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Andrei
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 708-524-6540. Fax: 708-524-6055. E-mail: . Phone: 301-846-1467. Fax: 301-846-5946. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Larry K. Keefer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 708-524-6540. Fax: 708-524-6055. E-mail: . Phone: 301-846-1467. Fax: 301-846-5946. E-mail:
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Chakrapani H, Kalathur RC, Maciag AE, Citro ML, Ji X, Keefer LK, Saavedra JE. Synthesis, mechanistic studies, and anti-proliferative activity of glutathione/glutathione S-transferase-activated nitric oxide prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9764-71. [PMID: 18930407 PMCID: PMC2631660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) prodrugs such as O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (JS-K) are a growing class of promising NO-based therapeutics. Nitric oxide release from the anti-cancer lead compound, JS-K, is proposed to occur through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution by glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form a diazeniumdiolate anion that spontaneously releases NO. In this study, a number of structural analogues of JS-K were synthesized and their chemical and biological properties were compared with those of JS-K. The homopiperazine analogue of JS-K showed anti-cancer activity that is comparable with that of JS-K but with a diminished reactivity towards both GSH and GSH/GST; both the aforementioned compounds displayed no cytotoxic activity towards normal renal epithelial cell line at concentrations where they significantly diminished the proliferation of a panel of renal cancer cell lines. These properties may prove advantageous in the further development of this class of nitric oxide prodrugs as cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinath Chakrapani
- Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Ravi C. Kalathur
- Biomolecular Structure Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Section, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Anna E. Maciag
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Michael L. Citro
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Biomolecular Structure Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Section, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Larry K. Keefer
- Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Joseph E. Saavedra
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Chakrapani H, Maciag AE, Citro ML, Keefer LK, Saavedra JE. Cell-permeable esters of diazeniumdiolate-based nitric oxide prodrugs. Org Lett 2008; 10:5155-8. [PMID: 18956868 DOI: 10.1021/ol8020989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) derivatives of diazeniumdiolate-based nitric oxide (NO) prodrugs bearing a free carboxylic acid group were activated by glutathione to release NO, these compounds were poor sources of intracellular NO and showed diminished antiproliferative activity against human leukemia HL-60 cells. The carboxylic acid esters of these prodrugs, however, were found to be superior sources of intracellular NO and potent inhibitors of HL-60 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinath Chakrapani
- Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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Rigas B, Williams JL. NO-donating NSAIDs and cancer: an overview with a note on whether NO is required for their action. Nitric Oxide 2008; 19:199-204. [PMID: 18486630 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) consist of a conventional NSAID to which an NO-releasing moiety is attached covalently, often via a spacer molecule. NO-NSAIDs represent an emerging class of compounds with chemopreventive properties against a variety of cancers, demonstrated in preclinical models including cell culture systems and animal tumor models; their potential efficacy in humans has not been assessed. Their mechanism of action appears complex and involves the generation of reactive oxygen species, suppression of microsatellite instability in mismatch repair-deficient cells, and modulation of several signaling cascades that culminate in inhibited cell renewal and enhanced apoptosis. NO, long appreciated to be able to protect from and also promote cancer, is released form NO-NSAIDs and constitutes their defining property. Existing data are consistent with the notion that NO may mediate their anticancer effect. In addition there is evidence that long-term administration of NO-donating compounds is not associated with increased incidence of colon cancer. Whether NO release is required for the anticancer effect of NO-NSAIDs has being questioned by recent data indicating that, at least in the case of NO-aspirin, the NO-releasing moiety may serve as a leaving group while the spacer actually being the moiety responsible for its pharmacological action. Regardless of mechanistic issues, these compounds promise to contribute to the control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5200, USA.
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