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Jin Z, Li G, He D, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li M, Yao H. An overview of small-molecule agents for the treatment of psoriasis. Bioorg Med Chem 2025; 119:118067. [PMID: 39832444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal skin plaques. To date, physical therapy, topical therapy, systemic therapy and biologic drugs are the most commonly employed strategies for treating psoriasis. Recently, many agents have advanced to clinical trials, and some anti-psoriasis drugs have been approved, including antibody drugs and small-molecule drugs. Many antibody drugs targeting cytokines and receptors, such as interleukin (IL-17 and IL-23) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), have been approved for the treatment of psoriasis. And numerous small-molecule agents have displayed promising activities in the treatment of psoriasis. The targets of anti-psoriasis drugs encompass phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4), Janus kinase (JAK), tyrosine kinase (TYK), retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (ROR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), Interleukin (IL), Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK), chemoattractant-like receptor 1 (ChemR23), Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P), A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), The Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK), The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), Tumor Necrosis Factor α Converting Enzyme (TACE), Toll-like receptors (TLR), NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I), among others. Herein, this review mainly recapitulates the advancements in the structure and enzyme activity of small-molecule anti-psoriasis agents over the last ten years, and their binding modes were also explored. Hopefully, this review will facilitate the development of novel small-molecule agents as potential anti-psoriasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308 China
| | - Gang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Dengqin He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
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Xia L, Li H, Long L, Ruan W, Ma J, Xu S, Qiao D. Research progress on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its small molecule inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2025; 358:e2400621. [PMID: 39686874 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic systemic immune disease characterized by T-cellmediated hyperproliferation of keratinized cells. Among its various manifestations, plaque-type psoriasis is the most common. Treatment options for psoriasis encompass topical medications, biological therapies, phototherapy techniques, and others. However, traditional treatments are associated with numerous side effects. In contrast, targeted therapy has garnered increasing attention due to its high selectivity, strong safety profile, and favorable therapeutic outcomes. Patients with psoriasis lesions exhibit elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with the general population. These proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis by inducing keratinocyte proliferation through multiple signaling pathways within the body. This study will delve into the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), and nuclear factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways to elucidate their roles in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis. In addition, we will summarize potential targets relevant to the treatment of psoriasis and discuss the design and activity assessment of their inhibitors. It also provides new insights for further in-depth study of psoriasis and development of novel molecularly targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xia
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Long
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang L, Chai R, Tai Z, Miao F, Shi X, Chen Z, Zhu Q. Noval advance of histone modification in inflammatory skin diseases and related treatment methods. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1286776. [PMID: 38235133 PMCID: PMC10792063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases are a group of diseases caused by the disruption of skin tissue due to immune system disorders. Histone modification plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, encompassing a wide range of conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lupus, systemic sclerosis, contact dermatitis, lichen planus, and alopecia areata. Analyzing histone modification as a significant epigenetic regulatory approach holds great promise for advancing our understanding and managing these complex disorders. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting histone modifications have emerged as promising strategies for effectively managing inflammatory skin disorders. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the diverse types of histone modification. We discuss the intricate association between histone modification and prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases. We also review current and potential therapeutic approaches that revolve around modulating histone modifications. Finally, we investigated the prospects of research on histone modifications in the context of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Chai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gajjela BK, Zhou MM. Bromodomain inhibitors and therapeutic applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102323. [PMID: 37207401 PMCID: PMC10524616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain acts to recognize acetylated lysine in histones and transcription proteins and plays a fundamental role in chromatin-based cellular processes including gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. Many bromodomain proteins, particularly the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 have been implicated in cancers and inflammatory disorders and recognized as attractive drug targets. Although clinical studies of many BET bromodomain inhibitors have made substantial progress toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the bromodomain proteins, the development of this new class of epigenetic drugs is met with challenges, especially on-target dose-limiting toxicity. In this review, we highlight the current development of new-generation small molecule inhibitors for the BET and non-BET bromodomain proteins and discuss the research strategies used to target different bromodomain proteins for a wide array of human diseases including cancers and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Gajjela
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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