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Nurbyek S, Murata T, Suganuma K, Ichimaru Y, Kurosawa N, Ishikawa Y, Buyankhishig B, Davaapurev BO, Byambajav T, Otgonsugar P, Sasaki K, Batkhuu J. Isolation of Sesquiterpenoids and Trypanocidal Constituents from Artemisia adamsii. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:19665-19674. [PMID: 40415798 PMCID: PMC12096187 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.5c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
The Mongolian Artemisia adamsii (A. adamsii) plant is of particular interest from both medicinal and ecological perspectives. In this study, three previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids (1-3) were isolated, along with 25 known compounds, from naturally dried and browned aerial parts of A. adamsii, which were collected in the autumn from the pasturelands of Bayan Soum, Tuv Province, Mongolia. The chemical structures of the isolated undescribed compounds, including their relative and absolute configurations, were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The trypanocidal activities of the isolated compounds against six species, namely Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense, T. equiperdum, Trypanosoma congolense, and Trypanosoma evansi were evaluated. Consequently, a coumarin (fraxetin) and a flavonoid (jaceosidin) were identified as exhibiting relatively potent activities. Quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed relatively high contents of these compounds in A. adamsii, indicating that they represent the main functional components of this plant. These results further demonstrate the potential medicinal and ecological significance of A. adamsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipan Nurbyek
- School
of Engineering and Technology, National
University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar14201, Mongolia
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai981-8558, Japan
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar14210, Mongolia
| | - Toshihiro Murata
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai981-8558, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National
Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Ichimaru
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University
of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa244-0806, Japan
| | - Nanami Kurosawa
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai981-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ishikawa
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University
of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa244-0806, Japan
| | - Buyanmandakh Buyankhishig
- School
of Engineering and Technology, National
University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar14201, Mongolia
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai981-8558, Japan
| | - Bekh-Ochir Davaapurev
- School
of Engineering and Technology, National
University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar14201, Mongolia
| | - Tseesuren Byambajav
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology of Toxicology, Institute
of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar17024, Mongolia
| | - Puntsantsogvoo Otgonsugar
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai981-8558, Japan
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology of Toxicology, Institute
of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar17024, Mongolia
| | - Kenroh Sasaki
- Division
of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai981-8558, Japan
| | - Javzan Batkhuu
- School
of Engineering and Technology, National
University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar14201, Mongolia
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2
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Buyankhishig B, Murata T, Narita K, Delgermaa C, Nishikawa Y, Ariefta NR, Gantumur B, Byambajav T, Ishikawa Y, Davaapurev BO, Sasaki K, Batkhuu J. Isolation of Antiplasmodial Oxazoles and Isoflavonoids from the Roots of Oxytropis trichophysa and Total Synthesis of Oxazole-type Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2025; 88:448-457. [PMID: 39825837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2025]
Abstract
A chemical examination of a root extract of Oxytropis trichophysa led to the isolation and identification of 23 compounds, including oxazole-type alkaloids and isoflavonoid derivatives. Notably, three oxazole-type alkaloids (1, 2, and 3) and two isoflavonoid derivatives (7 and 10) were obtained from a natural source for the first time. In addition, O. trichophysa derived 2,5-diphenyloxazoles and their derivatives were synthesized. Despite their potential activity, the antiplasmodial activities of naturally occurring 2,5-diphenyloxazoles and certain isoflavonoids remain unexplored. Therefore, the antiplasmodial activities of both the naturally occurring and synthesized compounds were evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Among the tested compounds, three naturally occurring oxazole-type alkaloids (1, 5, and 6), one synthesized alkaloid (34), and two isoflavonoid derivatives (13 and 15) demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 3.1 to 6.2 μM and selective indices between 0.9 and 18.8. Compound 1 showed the most potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 3.1 μM, while its cytotoxic concentration 50% value against human foreskin fibroblasts was found to be 8.5 μM. The oxazole-type alkaloids and isoflavonoids isolated from this plant provide valuable insights into its chemical composition and may help elucidate the antiplasmodial properties of O. trichophysa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyanmandakh Buyankhishig
- Department of Chemical and Biological engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murata
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Narita
- Division of Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Chinbat Delgermaa
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Science, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nanang R Ariefta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Baasandorj Gantumur
- Western Region School, National University of Mongolia, Khovd 84140, Mongolia
| | - Tseesuren Byambajav
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
| | - Yoshinobu Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-10 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Bekh-Ochir Davaapurev
- Department of Chemical and Biological engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
| | - Kenroh Sasaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Javzan Batkhuu
- Department of Chemical and Biological engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
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Ariefta NR, Narita K, Murata T, Nishikawa Y. Evaluation of the antiplasmodial efficacy of synthetic 2,5-diphenyloxazole analogs of compounds naturally derived from Oxytropis lanata. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2024; 25:100540. [PMID: 38676995 PMCID: PMC11067372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The persistent prevalence and dissemination of drug-resistant malaria parasites continue to challenge the progress of malaria eradication efforts. As a result, there is an urgent need to search for and develop innovative therapies. In this study, we screened synthetic 2,5-diphenyloxazole analogs from Oxytropis lanata. Among 48 compounds, 14 potently inhibited the proliferation of P. falciparum strains 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and K1 (multidrug-resistant) in vitro, exhibited IC50 values from 3.38 to 12.65 μM and 1.27-6.19 μM, respectively, and were toxic to human foreskin fibroblasts at 39.53-336.35 μM. Notably, Compounds 31 (2-(2',3'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(2″-hydroxyphenyl)oxazole) and 32 (2-(2',3'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(2″-benzyloxyphenyl)oxazole) exhibited the highest selectivity indices (SIs) against both P. falciparum strains (3D7/K1), with values > 40.20/>126.58 and > 41.27/> 59.06, respectively. In the IC50 speed and stage-specific assays, Compounds 31 and 32 showed slow action, along with distinct effects on the ring and trophozoite stages. Microscopy observations further revealed that both compounds impact the development and delay the progression of the trophozoite and schizont stages in P. falciparum 3D7, especially at concentrations 100 times their IC50 values. In a 72-h in vitro exposure experiment at their respective IC80 in P. falciparum 3D7, significant alterations in parasitemia levels were observed compared to the untreated group. In Compound 31-treated cultures, parasites shrank and were unable to reinvade red blood cells (RBCs) during an extended 144-h incubation period, even after compound removal from the culture. In vivo assessments were conducted on P. yoelii 17XNL-infected mice treated with Compounds 31 and 32 at 20 mg/kg administered once daily for ten days. The treated groups showed statistically significant lower peaks of parasitemia (Compound 31-treated: trial 1 12.7%, trial 2 15.8%; Compound 32-treated: trial 1 12.7%, trial 2 14.0%) compared to the untreated group (trial 1 21.7%, trial 2 28.3%). These results emphasize the potential of further developing 2,5-diphenyloxazoles as promising antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanang R Ariefta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Narita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
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Janse van Rensburg HD, N'Da DD, Suganuma K. In vitro trypanocidal potency and in vivo treatment efficacy of oligomeric ethylene glycol-tethered nitrofurantoin derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106668. [PMID: 38065268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is a significant vector-borne disease of humans and animals in the tsetse fly belt of Africa, particularly affecting production animals such as cattle, and thus, hindering food security. Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense), the causative agent of nagana, is livestock's most virulent trypanosome species. There is currently no vaccine against trypanosomiasis; its treatment relies solely on chemotherapy. However, pathogenic resistance has been established against trypanocidal agents in clinical use. This underscores the need to develop new therapeutics to curb trypanosomiasis. Many nitroheterocyclic drugs or compounds, including nitrofurantoin, possess antiparasitic activities in addition to their clinical use as antibiotics. The current study evaluated the in vitro trypanocidal potency and in vivo treatment efficacy of previously synthesized antileishmanial active oligomeric ethylene glycol derivatives of nitrofurantoin. The trypanocidal potency of analogues 2a-o varied among the trypanosome species; however, T. congolense strain IL3000 was more susceptible to these drug candidates than the other human and animal trypanosomes. The arylated analogues 2k (IC50 0.04 µM; SI >6365) and 2l (IC50 0.06 µM; SI 4133) featuring 4-chlorophenoxy and 4-nitrophenoxy moieties, respectively, were revealed as the most promising antitrypanosomal agents of all analogues against T. congolense strain IL3000 trypomastigotes with nanomolar activities. In a preliminary in vivo study involving T. congolense strain IL3000 infected BALB/c mice, the oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of 2k caused prolonged survival up to 18 days post-infection relative to the infected but untreated control mice which survived 9 days post-infection. However, no cure was achieved due to its poor solubility in the in vivo testing medium, assumably leading to low oral bioavailability. These results confirm the importance of the physicochemical properties lipophilicity and water solubility in attaining not only in vitro trypanocidal potency but also in vivo treatment efficacy. Future work will focus on the chemical optimization of 2k through the investigation of analogues containing solubilizing groups at certain positions on the core structure to improve solubility in the in vivo testing medium which, in the current investigation, is the biggest stumbling block in successfully treating either animal or human Trypanosoma infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David D N'Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Sugitate K, Yamashiro T, Takahashi I, Yamada K, Abe T. Oxytrofalcatin Puzzle: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Oxytrofalcatins B and C. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37433109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The previously reported structures of oxytrofalcatins B and C possess a benzoyl indole core. However, following synthesis and NMR comparison of both the proposed structure and the synthesized oxazole, we have revised the structure of oxytrofalcatins B and C as oxazoles. The synthetic route developed herein can further our understanding of the biosynthetic pathways that govern the production of natural 2,5-diaryloxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sugitate
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Ibuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
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da Rosa R, Dambrós BP, Höehr de Moraes M, Grand L, Jacolot M, Popowycz F, Steindel M, Schenkel EP, Campos Bernardes LS. Natural-product-inspired design and synthesis of two series of compounds active against Trypanosoma cruzi: Insights into structure-activity relationship, toxicity, and mechanism of action. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105492. [PMID: 34838333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical scaffolds of natural products have historically been sources of inspiration for the development of novel molecules of biological relevance, including hit and lead compounds. To identify new compounds active against Trypanosoma cruzi, we designed and synthesized 46 synthetic derivatives based on the structure of two classes of natural products: tetrahydrofuran lignans (Series 1) and oxazole alkaloids (Series 2). Compounds were screened in vitro using a cellular model of T. cruzi infection. In the first series of compounds, 11 derivatives of hit compound 5 (EC50 = 1.1 µM) were found to be active; the most potent (7, 8, and 13) had EC50 values of 5.1-34.2 µM. In the second series, 17 analogs were found active at 50 µM; the most potent compounds (47, 49, 59, and 63) showed EC50 values of 24.2-49.1 µM. Active compounds were assessed for selectivity, hemocompatibility, synergistic potential, effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibitory effect on trypanothione reductase. All active compounds showed low toxicity against uninfected THP-1 cells and human erythrocytes. The potency of compounds 5 and 8 increased steadily in combination with benznidazole, indicating a synergistic effect. Furthermore, compounds 8, 47, 49, 59, and 63 inhibited parasitic mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner. Although increased reactive oxygen species levels might lead to mitochondrial effects, the results indicate that the mechanism of action of the compounds is not dependent on trypanothione reductase inhibition. In silico calculation of chemical descriptors and principal component analysis showed that the active compounds share common chemical features with other trypanocidal molecules and are predicted to have a good ADMET profile. Overall, the results suggest that the compounds are important candidates to be further studied for their potential against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Rosa
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, 88040900, Florianópolis, Brasil; Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS. 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Bibiana Paula Dambrós
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, 88040900, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Milene Höehr de Moraes
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, 88040900, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Lucie Grand
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS. 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Maïwenn Jacolot
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS. 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS. 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Mario Steindel
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, 88040900, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Eloir Paulo Schenkel
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, 88040900, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Lílian Sibelle Campos Bernardes
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, 88040900, Florianópolis, Brasil.
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