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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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de Amorim AL, de Lima AVM, Rosário ACDAD, Souza ÉTDS, Ferreira JV, Hage-Melim LIDS. Molecular modeling of inhibitors against fructose bisphosphate aldolase from Candida albicans. In Silico Pharmacol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 30607315 PMCID: PMC6314639 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-018-0040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes from vulvovaginal and oropharyngeal candidiasis to systemic infections. The enzyme 1,6-fructose bisphosphate aldolase class II (FBA II), is a macromolecule existing only in lower organisms, being essential for the survival of the pathogen due to its function of maintaining the glycolysis process. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the inhibitors of FBA II regarding their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties and apply concepts of rational drug development to propose new compounds for the treatment of fungal infections of C. albicans. Physicochemical (HyperChem software and the webserver cactus) and ADME/Tox (PreADMET webserver) properties were calculated to four inhibitors described in the literature and three analogues. None of the compounds presented in this study violated RO5, however all inhibitors demonstrated low or moderate human intestinal absorption (HIA), as well as low or moderate permeability in Caco-2 and MDCK, poor plasma proteins binding (PPB) and low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB); however, Compound 4 is the exception for BBB permeability, being also the only non-mutagenic compound, and therefore, used as a lead compound. Analogues B and C presented high HIA, weak PPB and low BBB permeability, as well as a positive prediction for carcinogenicity in rats and mouse and non-mutagenicity in the Ames test. Through the evaluations carried out, it was concluded that the analogues B and C have proved to be promising candidates for oral administration drugs in the treatment of fungal infections of the genus Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Lima de Amorim
- Grupo de Biocatálise e Biotransformação de Compostos Orgânicos, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá Brazil
| | - Alan Vitor Morais de Lima
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaderson Vieira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá Brazil
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Matsuda F, Toya Y, Shimizu H. Learning from quantitative data to understand central carbon metabolism. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:971-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Capodagli GC, Lee SA, Boehm KJ, Brady KM, Pegan SD. Structural and functional characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus's class IIb fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7604-14. [PMID: 25390935 PMCID: PMC4263427 DOI: 10.1021/bi501141t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common
nosocomial sources of soft-tissue and skin infections and has more
recently become prevalent in the community setting as well. Since
the use of penicillins to combat S. aureus infections
in the 1940s, the bacterium has been notorious for developing resistances
to antibiotics, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). With the persistence of MRSA as well as many
other drug resistant bacteria and parasites, there is a growing need
to focus on new pharmacological targets. Recently, class II fructose
1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) have garnered attention to fill
this role. Regrettably, scarce biochemical data and no structural
data are currently available for the class II FBA found in MRSA (SaFBA).
With the recent finding of a flexible active site zinc-binding loop
(Z-Loop) in class IIa FBAs and its potential for broad spectrum class
II FBA inhibition, the lack of information regarding this feature
of class IIb FBAs, such as SaFBA, has been limiting for further Z-loop
inhibitor development. Therefore, we elucidated the crystal structure
of SaFBA to 2.1 Å allowing for a more direct structural analysis
of SaFBA. Furthermore, we determined the KM for one of SaFBA’s substrates, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate,
as well as performed mode of inhibition studies for an inhibitor that
takes advantage of the Z-loop’s flexibility. Together the data
offers insight into a class IIb FBA from a pervasively drug resistant
bacterium and a comparison of Z-loops and other features between the
different subtypes of class II FBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C Capodagli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver , Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
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Bäsell K, Otto A, Junker S, Zühlke D, Rappen GM, Schmidt S, Hentschker C, Macek B, Ohlsen K, Hecker M, Becher D. The phosphoproteome and its physiological dynamics in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:121-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Capodagli GC, Sedhom WG, Jackson M, Ahrendt KA, Pegan SD. A noncompetitive inhibitor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis's class IIa fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Biochemistry 2014; 53:202-13. [PMID: 24325645 PMCID: PMC4167715 DOI: 10.1021/bi401022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is an enzyme critical for bacterial, fungal, and protozoan glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Importantly, humans lack this type of aldolase, having instead a class I FBA that is structurally and mechanistically distinct from class II FBAs. As such, class II FBA is considered a putative pharmacological target for the development of novel antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB). To date, several competitive class II FBA substrate mimic-styled inhibitors have been developed; however, they lack either specificity, potency, or properties that limit their potential as possible therapeutics. Recently, through the use of enzymatic and structure-based assisted screening, we identified 8-hydroxyquinoline carboxylic acid (HCA) that has an IC50 of 10 ± 1 μM for the class II FBA present in M. tuberculosis (MtFBA). As opposed to previous inhibitors, HCA behaves in a noncompetitive manner, shows no inhibitory properties toward human and rabbit class I FBAs, and possesses anti-TB properties. Furthermore, we were able to determine the crystal structure of HCA bound to MtFBA to 2.1 Å. HCA also demonstrates inhibitory effects for other class II FBAs, including pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. With its broad-spectrum potential, unique inhibitory characteristics, and flexibility of functionalization, the HCA scaffold likely represents an important advancement in the development of class II FBA inhibitors that can serve as viable preclinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C. Capodagli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Wafik G. Sedhom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kateri A. Ahrendt
- Department of Chemistry, Regis University, Denver, Colorado 80221, United States,Corresponding Authors Department of Chemistry, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd., Denver, CO 80221. . Telephone: (303) 964-5088. Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave., Olin 202, Denver, CO 80208. . Telephone: (303) 871-2533
| | - Scott D. Pegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States,Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States,Corresponding Authors Department of Chemistry, Regis University, 3333 Regis Blvd., Denver, CO 80221. . Telephone: (303) 964-5088. Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave., Olin 202, Denver, CO 80208. . Telephone: (303) 871-2533
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Pegan SD, Rukseree K, Capodagli GC, Baker EA, Krasnykh O, Franzblau SG, Mesecar AD. Active site loop dynamics of a class IIa fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochemistry 2013; 52:912-25. [PMID: 23298222 PMCID: PMC4170518 DOI: 10.1021/bi300928u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs, EC 4.1.2.13) comprise one of two families of aldolases. Instead of forming a Schiff base intermediate using an ε-amino group of a lysine side chain, class II FBAs utilize Zn(II) to stabilize a proposed hydroxyenolate intermediate (HEI) in the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, forming glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). As class II FBAs have been shown to be essential in pathogenic bacteria, focus has been placed on these enzymes as potential antibacterial targets. Although structural studies of class II FBAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtFBA), other bacteria, and protozoa have been reported, the structure of the active site loop responsible for catalyzing the protonation-deprotonation steps of the reaction for class II FBAs has not yet been observed. We therefore utilized the potent class II FBA inhibitor phosphoglycolohydroxamate (PGH) as a mimic of the HEI- and DHAP-bound form of the enzyme and determined the X-ray structure of the MtFBA-PGH complex to 1.58 Å. Remarkably, we are able to observe well-defined electron density for the previously elusive active site loop of MtFBA trapped in a catalytically competent orientation. Utilization of this structural information and site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies conducted on a series of residues within the active site loop revealed that E169 facilitates a water-mediated deprotonation-protonation step of the MtFBA reaction mechanism. Also, solvent isotope effects on MtFBA and catalytically relevant mutants were used to probe the effect of loop flexibility on catalytic efficiency. Additionally, we also reveal the structure of MtFBA in its holoenzyme form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Pegan
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Denver, 80208,Correspondence addressed to Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (ADM) or Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Olin 202, Denver, CO 80208 (SDP). Tel: (312) 996-1877 (ADM) or (303) 871 2533 (SDP); (ADM) or (SDP)
| | - Kamolchanok Rukseree
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, Thailand Science Park, 12120,Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612
| | - Glenn C. Capodagli
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Denver, 80208
| | - Erica A Baker
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Denver, 80208
| | - Olga Krasnykh
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,Correspondence addressed to Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (ADM) or Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Olin 202, Denver, CO 80208 (SDP). Tel: (312) 996-1877 (ADM) or (303) 871 2533 (SDP); (ADM) or (SDP)
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Labbé G, Krismanich AP, de Groot S, Rasmusson T, Shang M, Brown MDR, Dmitrienko GI, Guillemette JG. Development of metal-chelating inhibitors for the Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 112:49-58. [PMID: 22546686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that the essential and ubiquitous enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase could be a good drug target against bacteria and fungi, since lower organisms possess a metal-dependant (Class II) FBP aldolase, as opposed to higher organisms which possess a Schiff-base forming (Class I) FBP aldolase. We have tested the capacity of derivatives of the metal-chelating compound dipicolinic acid (DPA), as well a thiol-containing compound, to inhibit purified recombinant Class II FBP aldolases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, and from the Rice Blast causative agent Magnaporthe grisea. The aldolase from M. tuberculosis was the most sensitive to the metal-chelating inhibitors, with an IC(50) of 5.2 μM with 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) and 28 μM with DPA. DMPS and the synthesized inhibitor 6-(phosphonomethyl)picolinic acid inhibited the enzyme in a time-dependent, competitive fashion, with second order rate constants of 273 and 270 M(-1) s(-1) respectively for the binding of these compounds to the M. tuberculosis aldolase's active site in the presence of the substrate FBP (K(M) 27.9 μM). The most potent first generation inhibitors were modeled into the active site of the M. tuberculosis aldolase structure, with results indicating that the metal chelators tested cannot bind the catalytic zinc in a bidentate fashion while it remains in its catalytic location, and that most enzyme-ligand interactions involve the phosphate binding pocket residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Labbé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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9
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Daher R, Coinçon M, Fonvielle M, Gest PM, Guerin ME, Jackson M, Sygusch J, Therisod M. Rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of new selective inhibitors of microbial class II (zinc dependent) fructose bis-phosphate aldolases. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7836-42. [PMID: 20929256 DOI: 10.1021/jm1009814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of several selective inhibitors of class II (zinc dependent) fructose bis-phosphate aldolases (Fba). The products were designed as transition-state analogues of the catalyzed reaction, structurally related to the substrate fructose bis-phosphate (or sedoheptulose bis-phosphate) and based on an N-substituted hydroxamic acid, as a chelator of the zinc ion present in active site. The compounds synthesized were tested on class II Fbas from various pathogenic microorganisms and, by comparison, on a mammalian class I Fba. The best inhibitor shows K(i) against class II Fbas from various pathogens in the nM range, with very high selectivity (up to 10(5)). Structural analyses of inhibitors in complex with aldolases rationalize and corroborate the enzymatic kinetics results. These inhibitors represent lead compounds for the preparation of new synthetic antibiotics, notably for tuberculosis prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racha Daher
- ECBB, ICMMO, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Pegan SD, Rukseree K, Franzblau SG, Mesecar AD. Structural basis for catalysis of a tetrameric class IIa fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Mol Biol 2009; 386:1038-53. [PMID: 19167403 PMCID: PMC2654403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), currently infects one-third of the world's population in its latent form. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant strains has highlighted the need for new pharmacological targets within M. tuberculosis. The class IIa fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) enzyme from M. tuberculosis (MtFBA) has been proposed as one such target since it is upregulated in latent TB. Since the structure of MtFBA has not been determined and there is little information available on its reaction mechanism, we sought to determine the X-ray structure of MtFBA in complex with its substrates. By lowering the pH of the enzyme in the crystalline state, we were able to determine a series of high-resolution X-ray structures of MtFBA bound to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate at 1.5, 2.1, and 1.3 A, respectively. Through these structures, it was discovered that MtFBA belongs to a novel tetrameric class of type IIa FBAs. The molecular details at the interface of the tetramer revealed important information for better predictability of the quaternary structures among the FBAs based on their primary sequences. These X-ray structures also provide interesting and new details on the reaction mechanism of class II FBAs. Substrates and products were observed in geometries poised for catalysis; in addition, unexpectedly, the hydroxyl-enolate intermediate of dihydroxyacetone phosphate was also captured and resolved structurally. These concise new details offer a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms for FBAs in general and provide a structural basis for inhibitor design efforts aimed at this class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Pegan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Fonvielle M, Coinçon M, Daher R, Desbenoit N, Kosieradzka K, Barilone N, Gicquel B, Sygusch J, Jackson M, Therisod M. Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of selective inhibitors of class II fructose bisphosphate aldolases: towards new synthetic antibiotics. Chemistry 2008; 14:8521-9. [PMID: 18688832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of selective inhibitors of class II (zinc-dependent) fructose bisphosphate aldolases. The most active compound is a simplified analogue of fructose bisphosphate, bearing a well-positioned metal chelating group. It is a powerful and highly selective competitive inhibitor of isolated class II aldolases. We report crystallographic studies of this inhibitor bound in the active site of the Helicobacter pylori enzyme. The compound also shows activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.
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12
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Fonvielle M, Therisod H, Hemery M, Therisod M. New competitive inhibitors of cytosolic (NADH-dependent) rabbit muscle glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:410-3. [PMID: 17088060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of new competitive inhibitors of the cytosolic (NADH-dependent) glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The best tested compound, phosphono-propionohydroxamic acid, with a Ki of 6 microM, might be of interest as an anti-obesity drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Fonvielle
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, ICMMO, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Gavalda S, Braga R, Dax C, Vigroux A, Blonski C. N-Sulfonyl hydroxamate derivatives as inhibitors of class II fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5375-7. [PMID: 16236509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and phosphonate derivatives were synthesized bearing a N-sulfonyl hydroxamate moiety. The phosphate derivatives represent competitive inhibitors for the class II-FBP aldolase catalyzed reaction, while the phosphonate isosteres are comparatively weaker inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gavalda
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et de Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'intérêt Biologique, Groupe de Chimie Organique Biologique, UMR 5068, Université Paul Sabatier, Bât IIR1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Fonvielle M, Mariano S, Therisod M. New inhibitors of rabbit muscle triose-phosphate isomerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2906-9. [PMID: 15911278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and evaluation of three new competitive inhibitors of triose-phosphate isomerase. One of them (phosphoglycoloamidoxime: K(i) = 4.5 microM) is among the best reversible inhibitors so far reported for this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fonvielle
- LCBB, ICMMO, Bat. 420, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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