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Huang JX, Zhu BL, Xu JP, Zhou ZZ. Advances in the development of phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115194. [PMID: 36796299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger that plays essential roles in cell signaling and physiological processes. Many PDE7 inhibitors used to investigate the role of PDE7 have displayed efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, such as asthma and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although PDE7 inhibitors are developed more slowly than PDE4 inhibitors, there is increasing recognition of PDE7 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for no nausea and vomiting secondary. Herein, we summarized the advances in PDE7 inhibitors over the past decade, focusing on their crystal structures, key pharmacophores, subfamily selectivity, and therapeutic potential. Hopefully, this summary will lead to a better understanding of PDE7 inhibitors and provide strategies for developing novel therapies targeting PDE7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xi Huang
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo-Lin Zhu
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Xu
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhou
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Pharmacy Department, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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2
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Jankowska A, Pawłowski M, Chłoń-Rzepa G. Diabetic Theory in Anti-Alzheimer's Drug Research and Development. Part 2: Therapeutic Potential of cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3535-3553. [PMID: 32940168 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200917125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects the cognition, behavior, and daily activities of individuals. Studies indicate that this disease is characterized by several pathological mechanisms, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission, and increase in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. Chronic neuroinflammation associated with AD is closely related to disturbances in metabolic processes, including insulin release and glucose metabolism. As AD is also called type III diabetes, diverse compounds having antidiabetic effects have been investigated as potential drugs for its symptomatic and disease-modifying treatment. In addition to insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs, scientific attention has been paid to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors that can modulate the concentration of glucose and related hormones and exert beneficial effects on memory, mood, and emotional processing. In this review, we present the most recent reports focusing on the involvement of cAMP-specific PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8 in glycemic and inflammatory response controls as well as the potential utility of the PDE inhibitors in the treatment of AD. Besides the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the review also presents recent reports from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jankowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, Krakow 30-688, Poland
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3
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He Y, Huang Y, Mai C, Pan H, Luo HB, Liu L, Xie Y. The immunomodulatory role of PDEs inhibitors in immune cells: therapeutic implication in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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4
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Sharma H, Lather V, Grewal AS, Pandita D. Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory Activity and Docking Studies of Some Newer 1,3-Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:225-234. [PMID: 30280674 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181003151528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), PDE superfamily members, increase inflammatory processes in immunomodulatory as well as pro-inflammatory cells via breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 are a novel class of drug candidates which can regulate pro-inflammatory as well as T-cell function and can be particularly advantageous in the treatment of a wide-ranging disorders associated with the immune system as well as inflammatory diseases with fewer unwanted adverse effects. OBJECTIVE The current research work was planned to design and synthesize some newer substituted 1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity and in silico docking studies. METHODS A new series of substituted 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives was synthesized followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. In silico docking studies were performed for the evaluation of the binding pattern of synthesized derivatives in the binding site of both PDE4 and PDE7 proteins. RESULTS Amongst the newly synthesized derivatives, compounds 5 and 12 showed higher antiinflammatory activity in the animal model. The results of in vivo animal studies were found to be in concordance with the results of molecular docking studies. CONCLUSION These newly synthesized derivatives can act as the lead molecules for the design of safe and therapeutically effective agents for various inflammatory diseases acting via inhibition of both PDE4 and PDE7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.,Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Zuo H, Cattani-Cavalieri I, Musheshe N, Nikolaev VO, Schmidt M. Phosphodiesterases as therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 197:225-242. [PMID: 30759374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, affect millions of people all over the world. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which is one of the most important second messengers, plays a vital role in relaxing airway smooth muscles and suppressing inflammation. Given its vast role in regulating intracellular responses, cAMP provides an attractive pharmaceutical target in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and help control cyclic nucleotide signals in a compartmentalized manner. Currently, the selective PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, is used as an add-on treatment for patients with severe COPD associated with bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations. In addition, other novel PDE inhibitors are in different phases of clinical trials. The current review provides an overview of the regulation of various PDEs and the potential application of selective PDE inhibitors in the treatment of COPD and asthma. The possibility to combine various PDE inhibitors as a way to increase their therapeutic effectiveness is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nshunge Musheshe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Hu Y, Li CY, Wang XM, Yang YH, Zhu HL. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5572-610. [PMID: 24716666 DOI: 10.1021/cr400131u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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7
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Jain AK, Sharma S, Vaidya A, Ravichandran V, Agrawal RK. 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives: a review on recent progress in biological activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:557-76. [PMID: 23452185 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus is one of the most important and well-known heterocyclic nuclei, which is a common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. Thiadiazole nucleus is present as a core structural component in an array of drug categories such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, antineoplastic, and antitubercular agents. The broad and potent activity of thiadiazole and their derivatives has established them as pharmacologically significant scaffolds. In this study, an attempt has been made with recent research findings on this nucleus, to review the structural modifications on different thiadiazole derivatives for various pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Jain
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradhesh, India.
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8
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Safavi M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. New methods for the discovery and synthesis of PDE7 inhibitors as new drugs for neurological and inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:733-51. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.787986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Sánchez AI, Martínez-Barrasa V, Burgos C, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Terricabras E, Segarra V. Synthesis and evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2370-2378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Jerez MJ, Jerez M, González-García C, Ballester S, Castro A. Combined use of pharmacophoric models together with drug metabolism and genotoxicity "in silico" studies in the hit finding process. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2013; 27:79-90. [PMID: 23296989 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study we propose a virtual screening strategy based on the generation of a pharmacophore hypothesis, followed by an in silico evaluation of some ADME-TOX properties with the aim to apply it to the hit finding process and, specifically, to characterize new chemical entities with potential to control inflammatory processes mediated by T lymphocytes such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erithematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. As a result, three compounds with completely novel scaffolds were selected as final hits for future hit-to-lead optimization due to their anti-inflammatory profile. The biological results showed that the selected compounds increased the intracellular cAMP levels and inhibited cell proliferation in T lymphocytes. Moreover, two of these compounds were able to increase the production of IL-4, an immunoregulatory cytokine involved in the selective deviation of T helper (Th) immune response Th type 2 (Th2), which has been proved to have anti-inflammatory properties in several animal models for autoimmune pathologies as multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Thus our pharmacological strategy has shown to be useful to find molecules with biological activity to control immune responses involved in many inflammatory disorders. Such promising data suggested that this in silico strategy might be useful as hit finding process for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma José Jerez
- Instituto de Química Médica-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Thorat SM, Deshmukh SP. Synthesis and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of 3-Aryl-4- S-benzyl-6-phenylimino-2-hepta- O-acetyl- β-D-lactosylimino-2,3-dihydro-1,3,5-thiadiazine (Hydrochloride). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.592625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu M. Thorat
- a P. G. Department of Chemistry , Shri Shivaji College , Akola , India
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12
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Redondo M, Palomo V, Brea J, Pérez DI, Martín-Álvarez R, Pérez C, Paúl-Fernández N, Conde S, Cadavid MI, Loza MI, Mengod G, Martínez A, Gil C, Campillo NE. Identification in silico and experimental validation of novel phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors with efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:793-803. [PMID: 23077723 DOI: 10.1021/cn300105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A neural network model has been developed to predict the inhibitory capacity of any chemical structure to be a phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitor, a new promising kind of drugs for the treatment of neurological disorders. The numerical definition of the structures was achieved using CODES program. Through the validation of this neural network model, a novel family of 5-imino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles (ITDZs) has been identified as inhibitors of PDE7. Experimental extensive biological studies have demonstrated the ability of ITDZs to inhibit PDE7 and to increase intracellular levels of cAMP. Among them, the derivative 15 showed a high in vitro potency with desirable pharmacokinetic profile (safe genotoxicity and blood brain barrier penetration). Administration of ITDZ 15 in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model results in a significant attenuation of clinical symptoms, showing the potential of ITDZs, especially compound 15, for the effective treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Redondo
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - José Brea
- Instituto de Farmacia
Industrial,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel I. Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Rocío Martín-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (CSIC, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED),
Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Nuria Paúl-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (CSIC, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED),
Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Conde
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - María Isabel Cadavid
- Instituto de Farmacia
Industrial,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Instituto de Farmacia
Industrial,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Mengod
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (CSIC, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED),
Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid,
Spain
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13
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Keravis T, Lugnier C. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes as targets of the intracellular signalling network: benefits of PDE inhibitors in various diseases and perspectives for future therapeutic developments. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1288-305. [PMID: 22014080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically inactivate the intracellular messengers cAMP and cGMP in a compartmentalized manner represent an important enzyme class constituted by 11 gene-related families of isozymes (PDE1 to PDE11). Downstream receptors, PDEs play a major role in controlling the signalosome at various levels of phosphorylations and protein/protein interactions. Due to the multiplicity of isozymes, their various intracellular regulations and their different cellular and subcellular distributions, PDEs represent interesting targets in intracellular pathways. Therefore, the investigation of PDE isozyme alterations related to various pathologies and the design of specific PDE inhibitors might lead to the development of new specific therapeutic strategies in numerous pathologies. This manuscript (i) overviews the different PDEs including their endogenous regulations and their specific inhibitors; (ii) analyses the intracellular implications of PDEs in regulating signalling cascades in pathogenesis, exemplified by two diseases affecting cell cycle and proliferation; and (iii) discusses perspectives for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Keravis
- CNRS UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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14
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Gallou F, Han B, Lu J, Seeger-Weibel M, Stoessel AF, Allmendinger S. A rapid and practical entry into cis-1,4-aminocyclohexanols. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Guo J, Watson A, Kempson J, Carlsen M, Barbosa J, Stebbins K, Lee D, Dodd J, Nadler SG, McKinnon M, Barrish J, Pitts WJ. Identification of potent pyrimidine inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) and their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1935-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase profiling reveals increased expression of phosphodiesterase 7B in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19532-7. [PMID: 19033455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms can influence disease pathogenesis and be novel therapeutic targets. Because lower cAMP levels may contribute to the decreased apoptosis that occurs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we assessed the expression levels of PDE isoforms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy adults and patients with CLL. We found a unique PDE mRNA signature in CLL: higher levels than in normal PBMC of PDE7B (increased approximately 23-fold) and lower levels of PDE3B, 4D, 5A, and 9A mRNA (each decreased approximately 30-fold). Increased PDE7B mRNA in CLL correlates with a 10-fold-higher expression of PDE7B protein and results in an increased contribution of PDE7 to total PDE activity. Consistent with the higher level of PDE7B expression, inhibitors of PDE7 (BRL-50481, IR-202) and a dual PDE4/PDE7 inhibitor (IR-284) selectively increase apoptosis in CLL cells compared with normal PBMC or B cells. Apoptosis of CLL cells promoted by inhibitors of PDE7 and PDE4/7 is attenuated by PKA inhibition, occurs via a mitochondrial-dependent process, and is associated with increased cAMP accumulation and down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein survivin and of PDE7B. The increase in PDE7B expression and PDE7 inhibitor-promoted apoptosis implicates PDE7B as a drug target in CLL. Our findings identify a unique PDE signature in CLL and illustrate the utility of broad analyses of PDE isoform expression in human disease.
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17
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Gil C, Campillo NE, Perez DI, Martinez A. PDE7 inhibitors as new drugs for neurological and inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.10.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Daga PR, Doerksen RJ. Stereoelectronic properties of spiroquinazolinones in differential PDE7 inhibitory activity. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:1945-54. [PMID: 18366018 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A detailed computational study on a series of spiroquinazolinones showing phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitory activity was performed to understand the binding mode and the role of stereoelectronic properties in binding. Our docking studies reproduced the essential hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for inhibitors of this class of enzymes. The N1 proton of the quinazolinone scaffold was involved in H-bonding to an amide side chain of the conserved glutamine residue in the active site. The central bicyclic ring of the molecules showed hydrophobic and pi-stacking interactions with hydrophobic and aromatic amino acid residues, respectively, present in the PDE7 active site. The docked conformations were optimized with density functional theory (DFT) and DFT electronic properties were calculated. Comparison of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) plots of inhibitors with the active site of PDE7 suggested that the electronic distribution in the molecules is as important as steric factors for binding of the molecules to the receptor. The hydrogen bonding ability and nucleophilic nature of N1 appeared to be important for governing the interaction with PDE7. For less active inhibitors (pIC(50) < 6.5), the MEP maximum at N1 of the spiroquinazolinone ring was high or low based on the electronic properties of the substituents. All the more active molecules (pIC(50) > 6.5) had MEP highest at N3, not N1. Efficient binding of these inhibitors may need some rearrangement of side chains of active-site residues, especially Asn365. This computational modeling study should aid in design of new molecules in this class with improved PDE7 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj R Daga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA
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20
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Vijayakrishnan L, Rudra S, Eapen MS, Dastidar S, Ray A. Small-molecule inhibitors of PDE-IV and -VII in the treatment of respiratory diseases and chronic inflammation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:1585-99. [PMID: 17922623 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.10.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Targeting phosphodiesterase IV (PDE-IV) with small-molecule inhibitors as a therapeutic for chronic inflammatory disorders has been an active area of research interest for many years. The major drawback, however, has been to develop pharmacophores that would differentiate between targeting isoforms of PDE-IV associated with inflammation, as opposed to those that cause emesis, a major side effect associated with PDE-IV inhibition. Several different approaches have been employed, including designing subtype selective PDE-IV inhibitors. A recent approach has been to develop chemotypes that target PDE-VII, a cAMP-specific PDE, expressed widely in immune and pro-inflammatory cells. It is hypothesized that dual inhibitors, which function to inhibit both PDE-IV and VII, may achieve a higher therapeutic index and thereby exhibit a lower propensity to cause adverse side effects that are characteristic when targeting PDE-IV alone. This review focuses on the major classes of compounds that are presently being studied for their potential to inhibit PDE-VII and discusses the available data in the development of dual PDE-IV and -VII inhibitors, their biologic activity and their scope as a therapeutic choice in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Vijayakrishnan
- Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, Department of Pharmacology, New Drug Discovery Research (R & D III), Plot No. 20, Sector-18, Gurgaon-122 001, India.
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Jones NA, Leport M, Holand T, Vos T, Morgan M, Fink M, Pruniaux MP, Berthelier C, O'Connor BJ, Bertrand C, Page CP. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7 in inflammatory cells from patients with asthma and COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2006; 20:60-8. [PMID: 16427796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory cells, the low K(m) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 subtype is predominant in terms of expression and function, although more recently it has been suggested that PDE 7 may also play a role in regulating inflammatory cell activity. In the present study, PDE 4 and PDE 7 subtype messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from healthy (n=10) and asthmatic (n=10) subjects and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and CD8 lymphocytes obtained from healthy (n=10) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=7) subjects were identified and quantified. PDE 4A, PDE 4B, PDE 4D and PDE 7A mRNA were present in similar quantities in both CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes obtained from healthy and asthmatic subjects and in CD8 lymphocytes obtained from healthy and COPD subjects. Expression of PDE 4C and PDE 7B mRNA was also observed, although transcript levels were low and variable between individuals. In addition, the effects of selective PDE 7 inhibition on both phytohaemagluttinin (PHA)-induced human peripheral blood mixed mononuclear cell (HPBMNC) proliferation and fMLP-induced neutrophil elastase (NE) release were studied. HPBMNC and human neutrophils, isolated from the venous blood of healthy volunteers (n=6) were treated with either a novel selective PDE 7 inhibitor PF 0332040 alone or in combination with rolipram. Proliferation of HPBMNC was stimulated by PHA (2microgml(-1)) and assessed by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, while fMLP-induced (100nM) NE release was determined using a chromogenic substrate. Both rolipram (0.003-10microM) and PF 0332040 (0.003-10microM) significantly inhibited PHA-stimulated proliferation of HPBMNC ((**)P<0.01). Co-administration of rolipram (0.3-10microM) and PF 0332040 (0.003-10microM) significantly increased the degree of inhibition observed, compared to when either drug was administered alone ((**)P<0.01). PF 0332040 (0.003-10microM) had no inhibitory effect on NE release from human peripheral blood neutrophils stimulated with fMLP (100nM), while rolipram (0.003-10microM) significantly inhibited neutrophil degranulation ((**)P<0.01). These findings suggest no evidence of altered PDE 4 or PDE 7 mRNA transcript levels in inflammatory cells isolated from the peripheral venous blood of mild asymptomatic asthmatic subjects or stable COPD subjects, however, inhibition of PDE 7 may influence mononuclear cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Jones
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, 5th Floor, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Matysiak J. Evaluation of Antiproliferative Effect in Vitro of Some 2-Amino-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:988-91. [PMID: 16819217 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New compounds of N-substituted 2-amino-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole set were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity as part of our research in the antitumour field. Title compounds were obtained by reaction of sulfinylbis(2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl) (STB) with 4-substituted 3-thiosemicarbazides. The structures of compounds were identified from elemental, IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR and MS spectra analyses. The cytotoxicity in vitro against human bladder cancer HCV29T cells was determined. The most active compounds were also tested against human cancer cell lines: SW707 (rectal), A549 (lung) and T47D (breast). The antiproliferative effect of some compounds was higher than cisplatin studied comparatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Matysiak
- Department of Chemistry, Agricultural University; Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
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Lugnier C. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily: a new target for the development of specific therapeutic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 109:366-98. [PMID: 16102838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues, play a major role in cell signaling by hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP. Due to their diversity, which allows specific distribution at cellular and subcellular levels, PDEs can selectively regulate various cellular functions. Their critical role in intracellular signaling has recently designated them as new therapeutic targets for inflammation. The PDE superfamily represents 11 gene families (PDE1 to PDE11). Each family encompasses 1 to 4 distinct genes, to give more than 20 genes in mammals encoding the more than 50 different PDE proteins probably produced in mammalian cells. Although PDE1 to PDE6 were the first well-characterized isoforms because of their predominance in various tissues and cells, their specific contribution to tissue function and their regulation in pathophysiology remain open research fields. This concerns particularly the newly discovered families, PDE7 to PDE11, for which roles are not yet established. In many pathologies, such as inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cancer, alterations in intracellular signaling related to PDE deregulation may explain the difficulties observed in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies. By inhibiting specifically the up-regulated PDE isozyme(s) with newly synthesized potent and isozyme-selective PDE inhibitors, it may be potentially possible to restore normal intracellular signaling selectively, providing therapy with reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lugnier
- CNRS UMR, 7034, Pharmacologie et Physicochimie des Interactions Moléculaires et Cellulaires, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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Five-membered ring systems: with N and S (Se) atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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25
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PDE7 Inhibitors: Chemistry and Potential Therapeutic Utilites. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(05)40015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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