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Madsen JF, Amoushahi M, Choi CP, Bundgaard S, Heuck A, Lykke-Hartmann K. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase PDE8B reduces activation of primordial follicles in mouse ovaries. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:378-388. [PMID: 37499226 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In the ovaries, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger supporting the generation of steroids. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are regulators of intracellular cAMP, and therefore, potential regulators of ovarian function. Interestingly, the family of PDE genes are differentially expressed in human oocytes and granulosa cells from primordial and primary follicles, suggesting diverse roles. In this study, we addressed the functions of PDE3B and PDE8B in primordial follicle regulation using inhibitors of PDE3B and PDE8B in murine ovary primary in vitro cultures. Inhibition of PDE8B in ovarian cultures prevented primordial follicle activation, while inhibition of PDE3B had no effect on follicle distribution in the ovary, under the tested conditions. As cAMP levels may increase steroid levels, we assessed the protein levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and aromatase enzymes, and found that inhibition of PDE3B reduced StAR protein levels, whereas inhibition of PDE8 did not alter StAR expression in our murine ovary culture system conditions. Our results showed that ketotifen-induced inhibition of PDE8B can decrease primordial follicle activation, whereas we observed no effect of follicle distribution, when PDE3B was inhibited. Expression of the StaR enzyme was not altered when PDE8B was inhibited, which might reflect not sufficient inhibition by ketotifen to induce StAR alterations, or redundant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stine Bundgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Heuck
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Abstract
The pleiotropic function of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways in health and disease led to the development of pharmacological phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-I) to attenuate cAMP degradation. While there are many isotypes of PDE, a predominant role of PDE4 is to regulate fundamental functions, including endothelial and epithelial barrier stability, modulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive and/or mood functions. This makes the use of PDE4-I an interesting tool for various therapeutic approaches. However, due to the presence of PDE4 in many tissues, there is a significant danger for serious side effects. Based on this, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the approaches and effects of PDE4-I for different therapeutic applications. In summary, despite many obstacles to use of PDE4-I for different therapeutic approaches, the current data warrant future research to utilize the therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alexander Schick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
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3
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Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that degrade 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides, are being pursued as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including those affecting the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, fertility, immunity, cancer and metabolism. Clinical development programmes have focused exclusively on catalytic inhibition, which continues to be a strong focus of ongoing drug discovery efforts. However, emerging evidence supports novel strategies to therapeutically target PDE function, including enhancing catalytic activity, normalizing altered compartmentalization and modulating post-translational modifications, as well as the potential use of PDEs as disease biomarkers. Importantly, a more refined appreciation of the intramolecular mechanisms regulating PDE function and trafficking is emerging, making these pioneering drug discovery efforts tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gonzalo S Tejeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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4
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Pratt EPS, Harvey KE, Salyer AE, Hockerman GH. Regulation of cAMP accumulation and activity by distinct phosphodiesterase subtypes in INS-1 cells and human pancreatic β-cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215188. [PMID: 31442224 PMCID: PMC6707593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells express multiple phosphodiesterase (PDE) subtypes, but the specific roles for each in β-cell function, particularly in humans, is not clear. We evaluated the cellular role of PDE1, PDE3, and PDE4 activity in the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 and in primary human β-cells using subtype-selective PDE inhibitors. Using a genetically encoded, FRET-based cAMP sensor, we found that the PDE1 inhibitor 8MM-IBMX, elevated cAMP levels in the absence of glucose to a greater extent than either the PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide or the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram. In 18 mM glucose, PDE1 inhibition elevated cAMP levels to a greater extent than PDE3 inhibition in INS-1 cells, while PDE4 inhibition was without effect. Inhibition of PDE1 or PDE4, but not PDE3, potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. PDE1 inhibition, but not PDE3 or PDE4 inhibition, reduced palmitate-induced caspase-3/7 activation, and enhanced CREB phosphorylation in INS-1 cells. In human β-cells, only PDE3 or PDE4 inhibition increased cAMP levels in 1.7 mM glucose, but PDE1, PDE3, or PDE4 inhibition potentiated cAMP levels in 16.7 mM glucose. Inhibition of PDE1 or PDE4 increased cAMP levels to a greater extent in 16.7 mM glucose than in 1.7 mM glucose in human β-cells. In contrast, elevation of cAMP levels by PDE3 inhibition was not different at these glucose concentrations. PDE1 inhibition also potentiated insulin secretion from human islets, suggesting that the role of PDE1 may be conserved between INS-1 cells and human pancreatic β-cells. Our results suggest that inhibition of PDE1 may be a useful strategy to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and to protect β-cells from the toxic effects of excess fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. S. Pratt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Kyle E. Harvey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Amy E. Salyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Gregory H. Hockerman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Brown D, Nakagome K, Cordes J, Brenner R, Gründer G, Keefe RSE, Riesenberg R, Walling DP, Daniels K, Wang L, McGinniss J, Sand M. Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BI 409306, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibitor, in Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Trial. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:350-359. [PMID: 29718385 PMCID: PMC6403090 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia may benefit from treatments targeting dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission. BI 409306, a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitor, was assessed in patients with schizophrenia using a learn-and-confirm adaptive trial design. METHODS This double-blind, parallel-group trial randomized patients 2:1:1:1:1 to once-daily placebo or BI 409306 (10, 25, 50, or 100 mg) for 12 weeks. Stage 1 (learn) assessed change from baseline in Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) scores (week 12) to identify ≥1 meaningful endpoints for stage 2 (confirm). If no domains showed efficacy, change from baseline in Measurements and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite scores (week 12) was the primary endpoint. The key secondary endpoint was change from baseline in Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) total score. Safety was monitored. RESULTS Five hundred eighteen patients were randomized. In stage 1, CANTAB did not differentiate between BI 409306 and placebo (n = 120), so the primary endpoint of change from baseline in MCCB composite score was analyzed in 450 patients in stage 2. There was no significant difference between BI 409306 (1.2-2.8) and placebo (2.5) in MCCB composite score change. BI 409306 did not significantly improve change from baseline in SCoRS total score (-3.1 to -2.0) vs placebo (-2.5). Adverse events were dose-dependent, increasing from 33.3% (10 mg) to 53.5% (100 mg), vs 36.4% for placebo. CONCLUSION The primary endpoint of cognitive function improvement was not met. BI 409306 was well-tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brown
- Community Clinical Research, Inc, Austin, TX
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Joachim Cordes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Gründer
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | - Lara Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Taiwan Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Michael Sand
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT
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6
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Charnigo RJ, Beidler D, Rybin D, Pittman DD, Tan B, Howard J, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL, Clarke N. PF-04447943, a Phosphodiesterase 9A Inhibitor, in Stable Sickle Cell Disease Patients: A Phase Ib Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:180-188. [PMID: 30597771 PMCID: PMC6440678 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase Ib study randomized patients with stable sickle cell disease (SCD) aged 18-65 years to twice-daily PF-04447943 (a phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor; 5 or 25 mg) or placebo, with/without hydroxyurea coadministration, for up to 29 days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and various posttreatment time points for assessments of PF-04447943 pharmacokinetics (PKs)/pharmacodynamics (PDs). Change from baseline in potential SCD-related biomarkers was evaluated. Of 30 patients, 15 received hydroxyurea and 28 completed the study. PF-04447943, with/without hydroxyurea, was generally well tolerated, with no treatment-related serious adverse events. Plasma PF-04447943 exposure was dose proportional. Twice-daily PF-04447943 25 mg significantly reduced the number and size of circulating monocyte-platelet and neutrophil-platelet aggregates and levels of circulating soluble E-selectin at day 29 vs. baseline (adjusted P < 0.15). PF-04447943 demonstrated PK/PD effects suggestive of inhibiting pathways that may contribute to vaso-occlusion. This study also provides guidance regarding biomarkers for future SCD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo Howard
- Guy's and St. Thomas’ HospitalGreat Maze PondLondonUK
| | - Alan D. Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research StudiesDana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research StudiesDana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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7
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Scharrenbroich J, Kaever V, Dove S, Seifert R, Schneider EH. Hydrolysis of the non-canonical cyclic nucleotide cUMP by PDE9A: kinetics and binding mode. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:199-208. [PMID: 30443663 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-canonical cyclic nucleotide cUMP and the phosphodiesterase PDE9A both occur in neuronal cells. Using HPLC-coupled tandem mass spectrometry, we characterized the kinetics of PDE9A-mediated cUMP hydrolysis. PDE9A is a low-affinity and high-velocity enzyme for cUMP (Vmax = ~ 6 μmol/min/mg; Km = ~ 401 μM). The PDE9 inhibitor BAY 73-6691 inhibited PDE9A-catalyzed cUMP hydrolysis (Ki = 590 nM). Docking studies indicate two H-bonds between the cUMP uridine moiety and Gln453/Asn405 of PDE9A. By contrast, the guanosine moiety of cGMP forms three H-bonds with Gln453. cCMP is not hydrolyzed at a concentration of 3 μM, but inhibits the PDE9A-catalyzed cUMP hydrolysis at concentrations of 100 μM or more. The probable main reason is that the cytosine moiety cannot act as H-bond acceptor for Gln453. A comparison of PDE9A with PDE7A suggests that the preference of the former for cGMP and cUMP and of the latter for cAMP and cCMP is due to stabilized alternative conformations of the side chain amide of Gln453 and Gln413, respectively. This so-called glutamine switch is known to be involved in the regulation of cAMP/cGMP selectivity of some PDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Scharrenbroich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erich H Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Vigone G, Shuhaibar LC, Egbert JR, Uliasz TF, Movsesian MA, Jaffe LA. Multiple cAMP Phosphodiesterases Act Together to Prevent Premature Oocyte Meiosis and Ovulation. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2142-2152. [PMID: 29608743 PMCID: PMC5913618 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts on the granulosa cells that surround the oocyte in mammalian preovulatory follicles to cause meiotic resumption and ovulation. Both of these responses are mediated primarily by an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the granulosa cells, and the activity of cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs), including PDE4, contributes to preventing premature responses. However, two other cAMP-specific PDEs, PDE7 and PDE8, are also expressed at high levels in the granulosa cells, raising the question of whether these PDEs also contribute to preventing uncontrolled activation of meiotic resumption and ovulation. With the use of selective inhibitors, we show that inhibition of PDE7 or PDE8 alone has no effect on the cAMP content of follicles, and inhibition of PDE4 alone has only a small and variable effect. In contrast, a mixture of the three inhibitors elevates cAMP to a level comparable with that seen with LH. Correspondingly, inhibition of PDE7 or PDE8 alone has no effect on meiotic resumption or ovulation, and inhibition of PDE4 alone has only a partial and slow effect. However, the fraction of oocytes resuming meiosis and undergoing ovulation is increased when PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8 are simultaneously inhibited. PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8 also function together to suppress the premature synthesis of progesterone and progesterone receptors, which are required for ovulation. Our results indicate that three cAMP PDEs act in concert to suppress premature responses in preovulatory follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vigone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
- Correspondence: Giulia Vigone, PhD, or Laurinda A. Jaffe, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030. E-mail: or
| | - Leia C Shuhaibar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Matthew A Movsesian
- Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
- Correspondence: Giulia Vigone, PhD, or Laurinda A. Jaffe, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030. E-mail: or
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9
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Basole CP, Nguyen RK, Lamothe K, Vang A, Clark R, Baillie GS, Epstein PM, Brocke S. PDE8 controls CD4 + T cell motility through the PDE8A-Raf-1 kinase signaling complex. Cell Signal 2017; 40:62-72. [PMID: 28851628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The levels of cAMP are regulated by phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs), which are targets for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. We have previously shown that PDE8 regulates T cell motility. Here, for the first time, we report that PDE8A exerts part of its control of T cell function through the V-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Raf-1) kinase signaling pathway. To examine T cell motility under physiologic conditions, we analyzed T cell interactions with endothelial cells and ligands in flow assays. The highly PDE8-selective enzymatic inhibitor PF-04957325 suppresses adhesion of in vivo myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) activated inflammatory CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells to brain endothelial cells under shear stress. Recently, PDE8A was shown to associate with Raf-1 creating a compartment of low cAMP levels around Raf-1 thereby protecting it from protein kinase A (PKA) mediated inhibitory phosphorylation. To test the function of this complex in Teff cells, we used a cell permeable peptide that selectively disrupts the PDE8A-Raf-1 interaction. The disruptor peptide inhibits the Teff-endothelial cell interaction more potently than the enzymatic inhibitor. Furthermore, the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction was identified as a target of disruptor peptide mediated reduction of adhesion, spreading and locomotion of Teff cells under flow. Mechanistically, we observed that disruption of the PDE8A-Raf-1 complex profoundly alters Raf-1 signaling in Teff cells. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that PDE8A inhibition by enzymatic inhibitors or PDE8A-Raf-1 kinase complex disruptors decreases Teff cell adhesion and migration under flow, and represents a novel approach to target T cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie Lamothe
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, United States
| | - Amanda Vang
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, United States; The National Hospital of Faroe Islands, Faroe Islands
| | - Robert Clark
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, United States
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefan Brocke
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, United States.
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10
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Abstract
Management of patients with low cardiac output syndromes is difficult. Current therapies (ie, inotropes) have associated adverse effects and have not been shown to impact clinical outcomes such as decreased mortality or length of stay. Patients unable to recover from low cardiac output states have end organ damage, increased lengths of stay, increased hospital costs, and readmissions. Nesiritide has been suggested as an alternative or adjunct medication to treat cardiac surgery patients. Recent trials have provided information on the effects of some of these agents on clinical outcomes including respiratory failure, length of stay, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Blais
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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11
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Iizuka H, Ohkawara A, Ishibashi Y. Human skin epidermal adenylate cyclase systems: defective beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the involved epidermis of Darier's disease. Curr Probl Dermatol 2015; 11:45-58. [PMID: 6317292 DOI: 10.1159/000408663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that pig skin epidermis contains at least four independent adenylate cyclase systems, i.e. 1) beta-adrenergic-, 2) histamine H2-, 3) adenosine and, 4) prostaglandin E-adenylate cyclase systems, resulting in the accumulation of cyclic AMP. Using human skin epidermis, we investigated the responses of adenylate cyclase to epinephrine, histamine, and adenosine. In normal human skin, all three agents increased cyclic AMP levels of the skin. The epinephrine effect was inhibited by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol. The histamine effect was inhibited by a histamine H2 inhibitor, cimetidine. The adenosine effect was inhibited by theophylline. The effects of epinephrine and histamine were augmented by the addition of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline. Another phosphodiesterase inhibitor, papaverine, augmented the effects of all three agents. In contrast to pig skin epidermis, where histamine and adenosine-induced cyclic AMP accumulations were marked, in human skin, epinephrine-induced cyclic AMP accumulation was more marked than those induced by histamine and adenosine. Using the epidermis of Darier's disease, we also investigated the effects of epinephrine, histamine and adenosine on the cyclic AMP levels of the skin. The involved skin of Darier's disease was shown to be characterized by a defective beta-adrenergic responsiveness. These findings show that normal human skin possesses at least three independent adenylate cyclase systems (beta-adrenergic, histamine H2-, and adenosine-adenylate cyclase), as in pig skin epidermis, with a different responsiveness pattern to these stimulators. Our data also show that the responsiveness to each receptor-adenylate cyclase system may be modified in a pathological condition of epidermis such as in Darier's disease. The significance of decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the involved skin in Darier's disease was discussed in relation to our previous finding of the same type of defect in the psoriatic-involved epidermis.
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12
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Petersen TS, Kristensen SG, Jeppesen JV, Grøndahl ML, Wissing ML, Macklon KT, Andersen CY. Distribution and function of 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases in the human ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 403:10-20. [PMID: 25578602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of the important second messenger cAMP is regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and hence an attractive drug target. However, limited human data are available about the PDEs in the ovary. The aim of the present study was to describe and characterise the PDEs in the human ovary. Results were obtained by analysis of mRNA microarray data from follicles and granulosa cells (GCs), combined RT-PCR and enzymatic activity analysis in GCs, immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian sections and by studying the effect of PDE inhibitors on progesterone production from cultured GCs. We found that PDE3, PDE4, PDE7 and PDE8 are the major families present while PDE11A was not detected. PDE8B was differentially expressed during folliculogenesis. In cultured GCs, inhibition of PDE7 and PDE8 increased basal progesterone secretion while PDE4 inhibition increased forskolin-stimulated progesterone secretion. In conclusion, we identified PDE3, PDE4, PDE7 and PDE8 as the major PDEs in the human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Petersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Medical Department, LEO Pharma, Ballerup 2750, Denmark.
| | - S G Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - J V Jeppesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - M L Grøndahl
- The Fertility Clinic, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - M L Wissing
- The Fertility Clinic, Holbæk Sygehus, Holbæk 4300, Denmark
| | - K T Macklon
- The Fertility Clinic, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - C Y Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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13
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Amata E, Bland ND, Hoyt CT, Settimo L, Campbell RK, Pollastri MP. Repurposing human PDE4 inhibitors for neglected tropical diseases: design, synthesis and evaluation of cilomilast analogues as Trypanosoma brucei PDEB1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4084-9. [PMID: 25127163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A medicinal chemistry exploration of the human phosphodiesterase 4 (hPDE4) inhibitor cilomilast (1) was undertaken in order to identify inhibitors of phosphodiesterase B1 of Trypanosoma brucei (TbrPDEB1). T. brucei is the parasite which causes African sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease that affects thousands each year, and TbrPDEB1 has been shown to be an essential target of therapeutic relevance. Noting that 1 is a weak inhibitor of TbrPDEB1, we report the design and synthesis of analogs of this compound, culminating in 12b, a sub-micromolar inhibitor of TbrPDEB1 that shows modest inhibition of T. brucei proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Amata
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 417 Egan Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas D Bland
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Charles T Hoyt
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 417 Egan Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luca Settimo
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 417 Egan Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert K Campbell
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Michael P Pollastri
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 417 Egan Research Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sun ZH, Cai YH, Fan CQ, Tang GH, Luo HB, Yin S. Six new tetraprenylated alkaloids from the South China Sea gorgonian Echinogorgia pseudossapo. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:672-81. [PMID: 24473168 PMCID: PMC3944508 DOI: 10.3390/md12020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new tetraprenylated alkaloids, designated as malonganenones L–Q (1–6), were isolated from the gorgonian Echinogorgia pseudossapo, collected in Daya Bay of Guangdong Province, China. The structures of 1–6 featuring a methyl group at N-3 and a tetraprenyl chain at N-7 in the hypoxanthine core were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1–6 were tested for their inhibitory activity against the phosphodiesterases (PDEs)-4D, 5A, and 9A, and compounds 1 and 6 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against PDE4D with IC50 values of 8.5 and 20.3 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Hua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Ying-Hong Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Cheng-Qi Fan
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Belemnaba L, Ouédraogo S, Auger C, Chataigneau T, Traore A, Guissou IP, Lugnier C, Schini-Kerth VB, Bucher B. Endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by a dichloromethane fraction from Anogeissus Leiocarpus (DC) Guill. Et Perr. (Combretaceae): possible involvement of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2012; 10:173-179. [PMID: 24146440 PMCID: PMC3746565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many traditional medicinal herbs from Burkina Faso are used to treat arterial hypertension (HTA). Among them, Anogeissus leiocarpus (A. Leiocarpus) which is well known and widely used in Burkina traditional medicine. Herein we assess the effects of dichloromethane fraction from A. leiocarpus stem bark (ALF), selected as the most active on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and characterized its specificity towards purified vascular PDE1 to PDE5 isoenzymes and study its effects on a vascular model. ALF potently and preferentially inhibits (IC50=1.6 ± 0.6 µg/mL) the calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1, being mainly present in vascular smooth muscle and preferentially hydrolyses cGMP. In the same range (IC50 =2.8 ± 0.2 µg/ml) ALF inhibits PDE2, a cGMP-activated enzyme that is only present in endothelial cells and hydrolyses both cAMP and cGMP. PDE5, which specifically hydrolyses cGMP and which mainly contributes to cGMP hydrolysis is also potently inhibited by ALF (IC50=7.6 ± 3.5 µg/ml). The potencies of ALF on cAMP hydrolyzing isoenzymes was lesser, being more effective on PDE4 (IC50= 17.6 ± 3.5 µg/ml) than on PDE3 (60.9 ± 1.8 µg/ml). Since the major effect of ALF were against cGMP hydrolysis and since cGMP is implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxation, the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was studied on isolated porcine coronary arteries rings pre-contracted with U46619. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is significantly inhibited by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine (LNA 300 µmol/L, an inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase), but not affected by charybdotoxin (CTX, 100 nM) plus apamin (APA, 100 nM) (two inhibitors of EDHF-mediated responses). The combination of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 1 mmol/L, inhibitor of voltage-dependent potassium channels, Kv) plus baryum (Ba(2+), 30 µmol/L, inhibitor of the potassium channels with entering correction, Kir) plus ouabain (3 µmol/L, inhibitor of ATPase Na(+)/K(+) channels) partially inhibits endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect. This endothelium-independent relaxant effect was also sensitive to combination of 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin1-one (ODQ, 10 µM, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) and N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89, 100 nM, Protein Kinase A inhibitor). Taken together, these results indicate that ALF is a powerful vasodilator modulated by the formation of NO from endothelium, but also act by directly relaxing the vascular smooth muscle cells, by inhibiting cGMP hydrolyzing PDEs (PDE1, PDE2 and PDE5) and to a lesser extend on cAMP degradation (PDE3 and PDE4), cAMP and cGMP being second messengers involved in vascular relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Belemnaba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST) 01 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 01 Burkina Faso ; Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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16
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Jiang D, Chen Y, Hou X, Xu J, Mu X, Chen W. Influence of Paeonia lactiflora roots extract on cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity and related anti-inflammatory action. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137:914-920. [PMID: 21782011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia lactiflora root (baishao in Chinese) is a commonly used herb in TCM. Research has shown baishao to have positive pharmacological actions, including, particularly, anti-inflammatory properties. In this paper we studied the influence of baishao extract on cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and related anti-inflammatory action to identify new pharmacologic action for its clinically widespread use. METHODS PDE activity was calculated by cAMP change examined with HPLC, respiratory burst of neutrophils was detected with method of cytochrome C reduction, elastase release was indicated with the substrate reduction, rat arthritis model was caused by complete Freund's adjuvant, mouse capillary permeability model was made by acetic acid, and chemical constituents of baishao extract was identified by HPLC, mass spectroscopy and NMR spectrum. RESULTS Baishao extract had significant inhibition on cAMP-PDE activity (p<0.01), had dose dependent restraint on neutrophils respiratory burst (p<0.001), had inhibition at low concentration and promotion at high concentration on elastase release (p<0.05), and had obvious restraint on local inflammation of animal model (p<0.01). Analysis of HPLC, mass spectroscopy and NMR spectrum showed baishao extract mainly had five components (identified as gallic acid, paeoniflorin sulfonate, albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoic acid), among which gallic acid had the largest inhibition on cAMP-PDE activity. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory effects of baishao may be mediated, at least in part, through its gallic acid content, and this effect may be regulated in part by an inhibition on cAMP-PDE.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Capillary Permeability/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Gallic Acid/pharmacology
- Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/enzymology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Paeonia/chemistry
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Plant Roots
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Respiratory Burst/drug effects
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China
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Yu HP, Hsieh PW, Chang YJ, Chung PJ, Kuo LM, Hwang TL. 2-(2-Fluorobenzamido)benzoate ethyl ester (EFB-1) inhibits superoxide production by human neutrophils and attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ dysfunction in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1737-48. [PMID: 21457779 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil activation after trauma-hemorrhagic shock (T/H) has been implicated in the development of multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). In this study, we report that a small chemical compound, 2-(2-fluorobenzamido)benzoic acid ethyl ester (EFB-1), exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2•-) release and CD11b expression by human neutrophils. Additionally, administration of EFB-1 in rats subjected to T/H caused a significant improvement in MOD. EFB-1 treatment induced an increase in cAMP formation and protein kinase (PK) A activity in FMLP-activated neutrophils, which occurred through the selective inhibition of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity but not an increase in adenylate cyclase function or cGMP-specific PDE activity. FMLP-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), but not calcium mobilization, was reduced by EFB-1. The inhibitory effects of EFB-1 on O(2•-) production, CD11b expression, and AKT phosphorylation were reversed by PKA inhibitors (H89 and KT5720). Significantly, administration of EFB-1 (1 mg/kg body wt) attenuated the myeloperoxidase activity of the intestines, lungs, and liver and reduced the wet/dry weight ratio of the intestines and lungs and plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in Sprague-Dawley rats after T/H. Therefore, EFB-1 is a new inhibitor of cAMP-specific PDE that potently suppresses O(2•-) release and CD11b expression by human neutrophils and attenuates T/H-induced MOD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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18
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Hou J, Xu J, Liu M, Zhao R, Luo HB, Ke H. Structural asymmetry of phosphodiesterase-9, potential protonation of a glutamic acid, and role of the invariant glutamine. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18092. [PMID: 21483814 PMCID: PMC3069055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE9 inhibitors show potential for treatment of diseases such as diabetes. To help with discovery of PDE9 inhibitors, we performed mutagenesis, kinetic, crystallographic, and molecular dynamics analyses on the active site residues of Gln453 and its stabilizing partner Glu406. The crystal structures of the PDE9 Q453E mutant (PDE9Q453E) in complex with inhibitors IBMX and (S)-BAY73-6691 showed asymmetric binding of the inhibitors in two subunits of the PDE9Q453E dimer and also the significant positional change of the M-loop at the active site. The kinetic analysis of the Q453E and E406A mutants suggested that the invariant glutamine is critical for binding of substrates and inhibitors, but is unlikely to play a key role in the differentiation between substrates of cGMP and cAMP. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that residue Glu406 may be protonated and may thus explain the hydrogen bond distance between two side chain oxygens of Glu453 and Glu406 in the crystal structure of the PDE9Q453E mutant. The information from these studies may be useful for design of PDE9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HK); (H-BL)
| | - Hengming Ke
- Structural Biology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HK); (H-BL)
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Miguel LI, Almeida CB, Traina F, Canalli AA, Dominical VM, Saad STO, Costa FF, Conran N. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 9A reduces cytokine-stimulated in vitro adhesion of neutrophils from sickle cell anemia individuals. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:633-42. [PMID: 21336703 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte adhesion to vessel walls may initiate vaso-occlusion in sickle cell anemia (SCA); however, the extent to which inflammation participates in this mechanism is not understood. This in vitro study investigated whether inflammatory molecules, commonly augmented in SCA, can affect neutrophil adhesive properties and whether cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-elevating agents can inhibit such adhesion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Effects of Interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines, BAY 73-6691 [phosphodiesterase (PDE)-9A-inhibitor], and BAY 41-2271 (guanylate-cylase stimulator) on the adhesive properties of neutrophils from healthy control (CON) and steady-state SCA individuals were determined using static-adhesion assays. RESULTS SCA neutrophils demonstrated increased adhesive properties, compared to CON neutrophils; IL-8, TNF-α and GM-CSF increased CON neutrophil adhesion and further increased SCA neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin (FN). The PDE9A inhibitor, BAY-73-6691, significantly reduced basal CON neutrophil and SCA neutrophil adhesion; this was accompanied by decreased SCA neutrophil surface expressions of the L-selectin and CD11b adhesion molecules. BAY-73-6691 also significantly reduced cytokine-stimulated CON neutrophil and SCA neutrophil adhesion to FN; however, this was not accompanied by alterations in adhesion-molecule presentation. CONCLUSIONS The chronic inflammatory nature of SCA may contribute to leukocyte adhesive functions in SCA. Furthermore, elevation of leukocyte cGMP may be an interesting approach for inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, even in the presence of inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lediana Iagalo Miguel
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center-Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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20
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Abstract
Naturally occurring methylxanthines were the first inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) to be discovered. To improve potency and specificity for inhibition of various PDEs in research and for treatment of diseases, thousands of compounds with related structures have now been synthesized. All known PDE inhibitors contain one or more rings that mimic the purine in the cN substrate and directly compete with cN for access to the catalytic site; this review focuses on inhibitors that contain a nucleus that is closely related to the xanthine ring of theophylline and caffeine and the purine ring of cNs. The specificity and potency of these compounds for blocking PDE action have been improved by appending groups at positions on the rings as well as by modification of the number and distribution of nitrogens and carbons in those rings. Several of these inhibitors are highly selective for particular PDEs; potent and largely selective PDE5 inhibitors are used clinically for treatment of erectile dysfunction [sildenafil (Viagra™), tadalafil (Cialis™) and vardenafil (Levitra™)] and pulmonary hypertension [sildenafil (Revatio™) and tadalafil (Adenocirca)]. Related compounds target other PDEs and show therapeutic promise for a number of maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharron H Francis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA.
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21
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Yamaki K, Li X, Uchida H, Alam AHMK, Hossain MA, Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Taneda S, Hayashi H, Mori Y, Yoshino S. Effects of the phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor rolipram on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:877-82. [PMID: 15233866 DOI: 10.1211/0022357023655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor rolipram on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. Mice were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with ovalbumin (OVA) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (day 0) and were treated daily with oral administration of various doses of rolipram from days 0 to 20. On day 21, production of anti-OVA IgG and proliferative responses to the antigen were determined. Anti-OVA IgG2a and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), as indicators of Th1 responses, and anti-OVA IgG1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10), as indicators of Th2 responses, were also measured. The results showed that treatment with rolipram failed to affect the production of OVA-specific IgG but decreased the proliferation of spleen cells to the antigen. Its inhibitory effect on these immune responses was correlated with a marked decrease in IFN-γ but not IL-10 production, although neither anti-OVA IgG2a nor IgG1 production was affected by rolipram. These results suggest that rolipram may preferentially inhibit Th1 responses more effectively than Th2 responses. Administration of rolipram resulted in suppression of antigen (OVA)-induced arthritis in mice. The suppression of joint inflammation by rolipram was associated with the inhibition of the OVA-specific proliferative responses of spleen cells and IFN-γ secretion. These results indicate that rolipram may be effective in regulating Th1-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
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Okuda S, Honda M, Ito Y, Aihara E, Kato S, Mitsufuji S, Yoshikawa T, Takeuchi K. Phosphodiesterase isozymes involved in regulating acid secretion in the isolated mouse stomach. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 7:183-190. [PMID: 20388963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of subtype-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on acid secretion was examined in mouse stomachs to investigate which PDE isozymes are involved in the local regulation of this secretion. Male DDY mice were used after 18 h fasting. An isolated stomach was incubated in an organ bath containing buffered solution gassed with 95% O(2)/5% CO(2), while the lumen was perfused with unbuffered solution gassed with 100% O(2). Acid secretion was measured at pH 5.4 using a pH-stat method. Histamine or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) was added to the serosal solution. PDE inhibitors were added to the serosal solution 30 min before histamine or PACAP. The secretion of acid in the isolated stomach was increased by histamine or PACAP, and these responses were totally inhibited by famotidine. IBMX alone increased basal acid secretion and significantly enhanced the acid responses to histamine and PACAP. Among the PDE inhibitors tested, only rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor) significantly increased basal acid secretion and potentiated the acid responses to histamine and PACAP. The latter peptide increased histamine release into the medium, and this response was also enhanced by rolipram. Furthermore, rolipram significantly increased cAMP production induced in the isolated stomach by histamine and PACAP. These results suggest that PDE4 is involved in the local regulation of gastric acid secretion via the degradation of cAMP and that the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram increases the secretion of acid by potentiating acid production in parietal cells and enhancing histamine release from enterochromaffin-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okuda
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Japan
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Yamaki K, Li X, Hossain MA, Alam AHMK, Taneda S, Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Yoshino S. Difference in Preventive Effects Between the Phosphodiesterase IV Inhibitor Rolipram and Anti-Arthritic Drugs on Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Immunol Invest 2009; 36:131-45. [PMID: 17365015 DOI: 10.1080/08820130600746008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) IV inhibitor rolipram on antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in mice was evaluated in comparison with clinically used anti-arthritic drugs. To induce AIA, DBA/1 mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) emulsified with CFA (day 0) followed by intra-articular injection of OVA on day 21. Rolipram and clinically used anti-arthritic drugs including indomethacin (IND), dexamethasone (DEX), methotrexate (MTX), auranofin (AUR), and D-penicillamine (D-PA) were orally administered daily from days 0 to 20. On day 22, anti-OVA IgG in serum, proliferative responses of spleen cells to the OVA, and anti-OVA IgG2a and interferon (IFN)-gamma as indicators of Th1 responses, as well as anti-OVA IgG1 and interleukin (IL)-10 as those of Th2 reactions, were measured. Treatment with rolipram was followed by inhibition of the early phase of AIA associated with downregulation of both OVA-specific splenocyte proliferation and decreases of IFN-gamma released from the spleen cells but no decreases of the amount of IL-10, or levels of anti-OVA IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1. All clinically used anti-arthritic drugs were more effective in suppressing the late phase of AIA compared with the early phase of joint inflammation. The suppression of AIA by clinically used anti-arthritic drugs was associated with down-regulation of not only Th1 but also Th2 responses. These results suggest that PDE IV inhibitors such as rolipram may exert their suppressive effects on AIA with relatively selective downregulation of antigen-specific Th1 responses compared with anti-arthritic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of different calcium channel blockers (CCB), exemplified by nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, are not identical. Some of these differences in effect may be due to the different CCBs interacting with different calcium channel subtypes in the tissues, and/or that the drug-receptor sites are separate. The drugs also have different abilities to activate the sympathetic nervous system, nifedipine increasing and diltiazem decreasing the baroreflex sensitivity. Verapamil, but not nifedipine and diltiazem, has a postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptor blocking effect, and can also increase the release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves by blocking pre-junctional alpha-adrenoceptors. In addition, verapamil may have a reserpine-like action on sympathetic nerves. The vasodilator actions of CCBs are not uniform, but seem to vary between species, different vascular regions, and different agents. Mechanisms other than blockade of influx of calcium from the extracellular medium have been suggested to explain these differences, including inhibition of intracellular calcium release, blockade of postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors, interaction with calmodulin, inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, stimulation of Na+-, K+-activated ATPase, stimulation of a calcium pump, and a direct interaction with the contractile proteins. The heterogeneity in pharmacodynamic profile characterizing the CCBs is conspicuous, and may be of importance when selecting agents for the treatment of various cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular disorders.
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Zhou Y, Zhu ZL, Guan XX, Hou WW, Yu HY. Reciprocal roles between caffeine and estrogen on bone via differently regulating cAMP/PKA pathway: the possible mechanism for caffeine-induced osteoporosis in women and estrogen's antagonistic effects. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:83-5. [PMID: 19278793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is consumed by most people in Europe and North America. As a risk factor for osteoporosis, caffeine has been reported to decrease bone mineral density, negatively influence calcium absorption and increase the risk of bone fracture in women. Except for the epidemiological observations and several studies which proved caffeine's unfavorable effects on osteoblast proliferation and impaired ability to form bone, little mechanism is known for the caffeine-induced osteoporosis. Since our unpublished studies showed that the precursor cells of osteoblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), were more sensitive than osteoblasts when exposed to the same dose of caffeine. We herein hypothesize that MSCs may be the primary target cells for caffeine-induced osteoporosis. It is well established that increasing cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can regulate the expression of key genes involved in bone metabolism, including Cbfa1, PPARgamma, RANKL and OPG. We thereby propose the hypothesis that caffeine, a known inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase, may affect bone metabolism by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. In addition, considering the fact observed in epidemiology that caffeine's negative effects on bone only occurred in postmenopausal women and the inverse roles of caffeine and estrogen on bone metabolism, we postulate that caffeine may exert its undesirable influences on bone only in absence or low level of estrogen in vivo and estrogen may antagonize the adverse effect of caffeine on bone. Since several studies have demonstrated that estrogen may have ability to temper the biological effects of cAMP stimulators' roles on bone through cAMP to regulate some important genes' expression in bone metabolism. We assume that estrogen may block cAMP-dependent PKA pathway which is shared by caffeine, to exhibit its antagonistic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, No.14, 3rd Section, Remin South Road, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Gouault N, Pinel B, Cupif JF, Depince A, Martin-Chouly CAE, Belleguic C, David M. Synthesis and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Some Tetrahydrophthalazinones. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 19:475-80. [PMID: 15662951 DOI: 10.1080/14756360412331280536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid-phase route for the preparation of 4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydrophthalazinon-1-ones employing the Diels-Alder reaction has been developed. Some of the new compounds have been tested for inhibition of LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production in human whole blood from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This evaluation revealed two compounds 17 and 18 of interest, incorporating an arylpiperazine moiety, which were found to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha release like the well known anti-inflammatory PDE4 inhibitors, rolipram and roflumilast.
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Abstract
1. The disposition of (+)-2-[4-({[2-(benzo[1,3] dioxol-5-yloxy)-pyridine-3-carbonyl]-amino)-methyl)-3-fluoro-phenoxyl-propionic acid (CP-671,305), a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (subtype D), was characterized in several animal species in support of its selection for preclinical safety studies and potential clinical development. 2. CP-671,305 demonstrates generally favourable pharmacokinetic properties in all species examined. Systemic plasma clearance after intravenous administration was low in Sprague-Dawley rats (9.60+/-1.16 ml min(-1) kg(-1)), beagle dogs (2.90+/-0.81 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) and cynomolgus monkeys (2.94+/-0.87ml min(-1) kg(-1)) resulting in plasma half-lives > 5 h. Moderate to high bioavailability in rats (43-80%), dogs (45%) and monkeys (26%) was observed after oral dosing. In rats, oral pharmacokinetics were dose dependent over the dose range studied (10 and 25 mgkg(-1)). 3. CP-671,305 was > 97% bound to plasma proteins in rat, dog, monkey and human. 4. The principal route of clearance of CP-671,305 in rats and dogs was by renal and biliary excretion of unchanged drug. This finding was consistent with CP-671,305 resistance towards metabolism in hepatocytes and NADPH-supplemented liver microsomes from preclinical species and human. 5. CP-671,305 did not exhibit competitive inhibition of the five major cytochrome P450 enzymes, namely CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 (IC50's > 50 microM). Likewise, no time-dependent inactivation of the five major cytochrome P450 enzymes was discernible with CP-671,305. 6. Overall, the results indicate that the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profile of CP-671,305 is relatively consistent across preclinical species and predict potentially favourable pharmacokinetic properties in humans, supporting its selection for toxicity/safety assessment studies and possible investigations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kalgutkar
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Maschi O, Cero ED, Galli GV, Caruso D, Bosisio E, Dell'Agli M. Inhibition of human cAMP-phosphodiesterase as a mechanism of the spasmolytic effect of Matricaria recutita L. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:5015-5020. [PMID: 18553893 DOI: 10.1021/jf800051n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the spasmolytic activity of chamomile still remain unclear. Inhibition of cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE) is one of the mechanisms operated by spasmolytic drugs. In this study, the effect of chamomile on PDE was investigated. Human platelet cAMP-PDE and recombinant PDE5A1 were assayed in the presence of infusions prepared from sifted flowers and capitula. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed different compositions in infusions made with sifted flowers and capitula. Chamomile inhibited cAMP-PDE activity (IC50 = 17.9-40.5 microg/mL), while cGMP-PDE5 was less affected (-15% at 50 microg/mL). Among the individual compounds tested, only flavonoids showed an inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.3-14.9 microM), contributing to around 39% of the infusion inhibition; other compounds responsible for cAMP-PDE inhibition still remain unknown. Although experimental evidence supporting the use of chamomile for gastrointestinal minor spasms dates back to the fifties, cAMP-PDE inhibition as a likely mechanism underlying the spasmolytic activity is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Maschi
- Research Centre for the Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Compounds-"Giovanni Galli", Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Bhaskara S, Chandrasekharan MB, Ganguly R. Caffeine induction of Cyp6a2 and Cyp6a8 genes of Drosophila melanogaster is modulated by cAMP and D-JUN protein levels. Gene 2008; 415:49-59. [PMID: 18395996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases or CYPs, a family of endobiotics and xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes, are found in all organisms. We reported earlier that the promoters of Drosophila Cyp6a2 and Cyp6a8 genes are induced by caffeine. Since caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptor (AdoR) and inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), we used luciferase reporter gene to examine whether in SL-2 cells and adult Drosophila, induction of the two Cyp6 genes is mediated via AdoR and/or PDE pathway. Results showed that AdoR is not involved because AdoR agonists or antagonists do not affect the Cyp6 promoter activities. However, inhibition of PDE by specific inhibitors including caffeine causes induction of both Cyp6 gene promoters. We also found that flies mutant for dunce gene coding for cAMP-PDE, have higher Cyp6a8 promoter activity than the wild-type flies. We demonstrate that caffeine treatment increases intracellular cAMP levels, and cAMP treatment induces the Cyp6 gene promoters. Since both Cyp6 genes have multiple sites for JUN transcription factors, which generally play a positive role in cAMP pathway, effect of Drosophila jun (D-jun) on the Cyp6a8 promoter activity was examined. Results showed that the expression of D-jun sense plasmid causes downregulation rather than activation of the Cyp6a8 promoter. Conversely, expression of antisense plasmid increased the promoter activity. Interestingly, caffeine treatment decreased the D-JUN protein level in SL-2 cells as well as in adult flies. These results suggest that D-jun acts as a negative regulator, and caffeine induction of Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a2 genes is mediated by the upregulation of cAMP pathway and downregulation of the D-JUN protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Bhaskara
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, United States
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Tatlicioğlu T. [Selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors in COPD]. Tuberk Toraks 2008; 56:472-484. [PMID: 19123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide health problem resulting in significant morbidity and mortality; however, it could not be understood totally so far. Treatment options for the disease are quite limited and there is an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Among new therapeutic agents that are under development, a group of significant importance is phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors shown to have antiinflammatory actions. Phosphodiesterases are the enzymes responsible from the breakdown and inactivation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which is an intracellular second messenger molecule. They are present in several structural and inflammatory cells, in these cells the inactivation of cAMP results in a proinflammatory cascade. So, in COPD which goes together with chronic inflammation, prevention of cAMP inactivation via phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibition made phosphodiesterase enzymes potential targets. Main phosphodiesterase playing a part in COPD is PDE-4 which is predominantly present in inflammatory cells and airway smooth muscle cells. The studies therefore focused on inhibitors selective to PDE-4 subtype. The two selective PDE-4 inhibitors that are at Phase III clinical trial stage are cilomilast and roflumilast. The studies have demonstrated that antiinflammatory effects of cilomilast and roflumilast positively contribute to the respiratory function, frequency of exacerbations and quality of life of COPD patients. Despite we need new studies to evaluate the influence of these agents on the natural course of COPD as well as their long-term safety; we can certainly comment that cilomilast and roflumilast are promising hope in COPD treatment by their clinical and antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Tatlicioğlu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important enzymes that hydrolyze the cyclic nucleotides adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) to their inactive 5' monophosphates. They are highly conserved across species and as well as their role in signal termination, they also have a vital role in intra-cellular localization of cyclic nucleotide signaling and integration of the cyclic nucleotide pathways with other signaling pathways. Because of their pivotal role in intracellular signaling, they are now of considerable interest as therapeutic targets in a wide variety diseases, including COPD where PDE inhibitors may have bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory and pulmonary vasodilator actions. This review examines the diversity and cellular localization of the isoforms of PDE, the known and speculative relevance of this to the treatment of COPD, and the range of PDE inhibitors in development together with a discussion of their possible role in treating COPD.
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Hermann R, Siegmund W, Giessmann T, Westphal K, Weinbrenner A, Hauns B, Reutter F, Lahu G, Zech K, Bethke TD. The oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast lacks relevant pharmacokinetic interactions with inhaled budesonide. J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 47:1005-13. [PMID: 17660483 DOI: 10.1177/0091270007300950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This open-label, randomized, 3-period crossover study evaluated the pharmacokinetic interaction potential of roflumilast and budesonide following repeated coadministration to healthy male subjects (N = 12). Treatments consisted of oral roflumilast 500 mug, once daily, orally inhaled budesonide 800 mug, twice daily, and concomitant administration of both treatments for 7 days each. Roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide in plasma and budesonide serum levels were measured by specific assays. Geometric mean test/reference ratios of steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by analysis of variance. Safety and tolerability were monitored. Pharmacokinetic parameters of roflumilast, roflumilast N-oxide, and budesonide after coadministration of roflumilast and budesonide were similar to those after mono-treatment. Compared with budesonide and roflumilast mono-treatments, slightly lower maximum serum/plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC) values of roflumilast N-oxide and budesonide (ranging from -8% to -16%) were observed with combined treatment. All test/reference ratios were within predefined equivalence acceptance ranges for roflumilast AUC (0.80, 1.25) and C(max) (0.70, 1.43) and for roflumilast N-oxide and budesonide AUC and C(max) (all 0.67, 1.50). Coadministration of roflumilast and budesonide did not alter the steady-state disposition of each other and did not affect safety and tolerability of either drug.
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Meyers JA, Taverna J, Chaves J, Makkinje A, Lerner A. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors augment levels of glucocorticoid receptor in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia but not in normal circulating hematopoietic cells. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4920-7. [PMID: 17699872 PMCID: PMC2656255 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 4 cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors, a class of compounds in clinical development that activate cAMP-mediated signaling by inhibiting cAMP catabolism, offer a feasible means by which to potentiate glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies such as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this study, we show that PDE4 inhibitors up-regulate glucocorticoid receptor (GRalpha) transcript levels in B-CLL cells but not T-CLL cells or Sezary cells or normal circulating T cells, B cells, monocytes, or neutrophils. Because GRalpha transcript half-life does not vary in CLL cells treated with the prototypic PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, the 4-fold increase in GRalpha mRNA levels observed within 4 h of rolipram treatment seems to result from an increase in GRalpha transcription. Rolipram treatment increases levels of transcripts derived from the 1A3 promoter to a greater extent than the 1B promoter. Treatment of B-CLL cells with two other PDE4 inhibitors currently in clinical development also augments GR transcript levels and glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis. Washout studies show that simultaneous treatment with both drug classes irreversibly augments apoptosis over the same time frame that GR up-regulation occurs. Although treatment of B-CLL cells with glucocorticoids reduces basal GRalpha transcript levels in a dose-related manner, cotreatment with rolipram maintained GRalpha transcript levels above baseline. Our results suggest that as a result of their unusual sensitivity to PDE4 inhibitor-mediated up-regulation of GRalpha expression, treatment of B-CLL patients with combined PDE4 inhibitor/glucocorticoid therapy may be of therapeutic benefit in this disease.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Carboxylic Acids/pharmacology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
- Cyclopropanes/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Hematopoietic System/chemistry
- Hematopoietic System/cytology
- Hematopoietic System/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/analysis
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/drug effects
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Rolipram/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Meyers
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Taverna
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
| | - Jorge Chaves
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
| | - Anthony Makkinje
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
| | - Adam Lerner
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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von Richter O, Lahu G, Huennemeyer A, Herzog R, Zech K, Hermann R. Effect of fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007; 46:613-22. [PMID: 17596106 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200746070-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of steady-state dosing of fluvoxamine, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP2C19, on the pharmacokinetics of roflumilast, an oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and its pharmacodynamically active metabolite roflumilast N-oxide. METHODS In an open-label, non-randomised, one-sequence, two-period, two-treatment crossover study, 14 healthy subjects received a single oral dose of roflumilast 500 microg on study day 1. After a 6-day washout period, repeated doses of fluvoxamine 50 mg once daily were given from days 8 to 21. On day 15, roflumilast 500 microg and fluvoxamine 50 mg were taken concomitantly. Percentage ratios of test/reference (reference: roflumilast alone; test: roflumilast plus steady-state fluvoxamine) of geometric means and their 90% confidence intervals for area under the plasma concentration-time curve, maximum plasma concentration (roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide) and plasma clearance of roflumilast were calculated. RESULTS Upon co-administration with steady-state fluvoxamine, the exposure to roflumilast as well as roflumilast N-oxide increased by a factor of 2.6 and 1.5, respectively. Roflumilast plasma clearance decreased by a factor of 2.6, from 9.06 L/h (reference) to 3.53 L/h (test). The combined effect of fluvoxamine co-administration on roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide exposures resulted in a moderate (i.e. 59%) increase in total PDE4 inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION Co-administration of roflumilast and fluvoxamine affects the disposition of roflumilast and its active metabolite roflumilast N-oxide most likely via a potent dual pathway inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 by fluvoxamine. The exposure increases observed for roflumilast N-oxide are suggested to be attributable to CYP2C19 co-inhibition by fluvoxamine and thus, are not to be expected to occur when roflumilast is co-administered with more selective CYP1A2 inhibitors.
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Giovannoni MP, Cesari N, Graziano A, Vergelli C, Biancalani C, Biagini P, Dal Piaz V. Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazinones as potent, subtype selective PDE4 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007; 22:309-18. [PMID: 17674813 DOI: 10.1080/14756360601114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyridazinones was synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity on PDE4 subtypes A, B and D and selectivity toward Rolipram high affinity binding site (HARBS). New agents with interesting profile were reported; in particular compound 9e showed a good PDE4 subtype selectivity, being 8 times more potent (IC50 = 0.32 microM) for PDE4B (anti-inflammatory) than for PDE4D (IC50 = 2.5 microM), generally considered the subtype responsible for emesis. Moreover the ratio HARBS/PDE4B was particularly favourable for 9e (147), suggesting that the best arranged groups around the pyrrolopyridazinone core are an isopropyl at position-1, an ethoxycarbonyl at position-2, together with an ethyl group at position-6. For compounds 8 and 15a the ability to inhibit TNFalpha production in PBMC was evaluated and the results are consistent with their PDE4 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Giovannoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Firenze, Italy.
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Keshavarzian A, Mutlu E, Guzman JP, Forsyth C, Banan A. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease: emerging therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:1489-506. [PMID: 17714033 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.9.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are common, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) characterized by episodes of life-altering symptoms such as diarrhea, bleeding, fecal urgency and incontinence, abdominal pain and cramps, and fever lasting weeks to months at a time. Existing treatments are 5-aminosalicyclates or immunosuppressants, but long-term control of IBD is a major problem for a large number of patients. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key enzyme in cell homeostasis and inflammation and its inhibition has been useful in diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in IBD and the PDE4 inhibitor OPC-6535 (tetomilast), an investigational agent for the treatment of UC. The authors detail the clinical development of the compound and report and provide insight into some of the unpublished data from the recently completed multicenter Phase III trials in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Digestive Disease), Pharmacology, Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Doggrell
- School of Science, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41246, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
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McEwan DG, Brunton VG, Baillie GS, Leslie NR, Houslay MD, Frame MC. Chemoresistant KM12C colon cancer cells are addicted to low cyclic AMP levels in a phosphodiesterase 4-regulated compartment via effects on phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5248-57. [PMID: 17545604 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems in treating colon cancer is chemoresistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. There is therefore a need to devise new strategies to inhibit colon cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we show that a combination of low doses of the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin together with the specific cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor rolipram, but not the cAMP phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE3) inhibitor cilostamide, causes profound growth arrest of chemoresistant KM12C colon cancer cells. Low-dose forskolin causes KM12C cells to exit the cell cycle in G1 by inducing p27(Kip1) and primes cells for apoptosis on addition of rolipram. The effect of the low-dose forskolin/rolipram combination is mediated by displacement of the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling module from the plasma membrane and suppression of the Akt/protein kinase-B oncogene pathway, to which KM12C cells are addicted for growth. The cAMP and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways form a critical intersection in this response, and reexpression of the tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homologue, which is commonly lost or mutated in colon cancer, sensitizes KM12C cells to growth inhibition by challenge with low-dose forskolin. Certain chemoresistant colon cancer cells are therefore exquisitely sensitive to subtle elevation of cAMP by a synergistic low-dose adenylyl cyclase activator/PDE4 inhibitor combination. Indeed, these cells are addicted to maintenance of low cAMP concentrations in a compartment that is regulated by PDE4. Well-tolerated doses of PDE4 inhibitors that are already in clinical development for other therapeutic indications may provide an exciting new strategy for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G McEwan
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Kerfant BG, Zhao D, Lorenzen-Schmidt I, Wilson LS, Cai S, Chen SRW, Maurice DH, Backx PH. PI3Kgamma is required for PDE4, not PDE3, activity in subcellular microdomains containing the sarcoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase in cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2007; 101:400-8. [PMID: 17615371 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.156422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that phosphoinositide-3-kinase-gamma-deficient (PI3Kgamma(-/-)) mice have enhanced cardiac contractility attributable to cAMP-dependent increases in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content and release but not L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)), demonstrating PI3Kgamma locally regulates cAMP levels in cardiomyocytes. Because phosphodiesterases (PDEs) can contribute to cAMP compartmentation, we examined whether the PDE activity was altered by PI3Kgamma ablation. Selective inhibition of PDE3 or PDE4 in wild-type (WT) cardiomyocytes elevated Ca(2+) transients, SR Ca(2+) content, and phospholamban phosphorylation (PLN-PO(4)) by similar amounts to levels observed in untreated PI3Kgamma(-/-) myocytes. Combined PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition caused no further increases in SR function. By contrast, only PDE3 inhibition affected Ca(2+) transients, SR Ca(2+) loads, and PLN-PO(4) levels in PI3Kgamma(-/-) myocytes. On the other hand, inhibition of PDE3 or PDE4 alone did not affect I(Ca,L) in either PI3Kgamma(-/-) or WT cardiomyocytes, whereas simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition elevated I(Ca,L) in both groups. Ryanodine receptor (RyR(2)) phosphorylation levels were not different in basal conditions between PI3Kgamma(-/-) and WT myocytes and increased in both groups with PDE inhibition. Our results establish that L-type Ca(2+) channels, RyR(2), and SR Ca(2+) pumps are regulated differently in distinct subcellular compartments by PDE3 and PDE4. In addition, the loss of PI3Kgamma selectively abolishes PDE4 activity, not PDE3, in subcellular compartments containing the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase but not RyR(2) or L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit-Gilles Kerfant
- Department of Physiology, the Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, and the Division of Cardiology at the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
The central role of cyclic nucleotides as intracellular second messengers dates back almost 50 years. The importance of phosphodiesterase in regulating this system was recognized early, and the potential therapeutic role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in modulating pathologic conditions was also suggested. At that time, the methylxanthines represented major pharmacologic agents capable of inhibiting cyclic nucleotides and were widely used in respiratory medicine. Initially, bronchodilator effects were considered their major mechanism of action, but subsequent studies suggested other potential roles including an anti-inflammatory one. A number of developments led to the decline in popularity of this class of agents, the foremost being their side-effect profile. The discovery of multiple phosphodiesterase isoforms paired with a better understanding of the physiologic and clinical properties of the phosphodiesterases has re-awakened interest in therapeutic agents in this area and in particular the potential for the development of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Cilomilast is a systemically available, second- generation, selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. It retains the therapeutic activity of the first generation phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (such as rolipram) but is believed to have less of an emetic effect. Cilomilast causes a reduction of tissue cells considered central to the ongoing inflammatory process (macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now considered a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs resulting from prolonged exposure to inflammatory agents in cigarette smoke and other environmental and occupational pollutants, and it is currently the principal target of cilomilast. It is characterized by progressive destruction of parenchymal tissue and punctuated by acute exacerbations. The inflammation is thought to begin in the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive disease, leading to disability and eventual death despite conventional therapy. Cilomilast is completely absorbed following oral administration and has negligible first-pass metabolism. It exhibits low between-subject variability. Cilomilast is predominantly protein bound. Plasma clearance is almost entirely metabolic, through multiple parallel pathways. Its terminal elimination half-life is approximately 6.5 hours, and steady state is rapidly achieved. A dose of 15 mg twice daily has been found to be clinically effective. Smoking and age have no clinically relevant effects on cilomilast pharmacokinetics. Most drugs frequently used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease do not alter its side effect profile. Initial concerns of arteritis involving the gastrointestinal tract in rodent animal models have not been reported in clinical trials. Nausea, presumably of central origin, is the principal adverse reaction seen in healthy subjects taking cilomilast. It has not been associated with the serious cardiac or neurological adverse effects seen with theophylline. Preliminary clinical studies suggest a favorable clinical effect in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cilomilast is generally well tolerated and has not generated safety concerns in reported clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neil Schachter
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Chapman RW, House A, Jones H, Richard J, Celly C, Prelusky D, Ting P, Hunter JC, Lamca J, Phillips JE. Effect of inhaled roflumilast on the prevention and resolution of allergen-induced late phase airflow obstruction in Brown Norway rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 571:215-21. [PMID: 17610865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD) although their full development has been limited by adverse side effects. Administration of PDE4 inhibitors by inhalation may improve their therapeutic index, but limited information exists on the efficacy of inhaled PDE4 inhibitors to improve lung function. In this study in ovalbumin-sensitized Brown Norway rats, roflumilast was given either intratracheally or by nose-only inhalation and changes in lung function (forced vital capacity, FVC; peak expiratory flow, PEF) and inflammatory cell influx (total cells, eosinophils and neutrophils) into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were evaluated 24 h after allergen challenge. Intratracheal roflumilast, given 5 h before antigen challenge, inhibited the antigen-induced reductions in FVC (ED50 = 140 microg/kg, i.t.) and total cells appearing in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (ED50 = 50 microg/kg, i.t.). By the nose-only inhalation route, roflumilast reduced the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total cells (ED50 = 10 microg/kg, estimated pulmonary deposition). Intratracheal roflumilast (600 microg/kg, i.t.) was also given to rats 24 h after the antigen challenge and reversed the antigen-induced reductions of FVC by 38% at 1 h, 54% at 5 h and 71% by 16 h. Intratracheal roflumilast also reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced the interstitial airway edema caused by the antigen challenge. These results support the development of inhaled PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and COPD, particularly for the improvement of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Chapman
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Pulmonary and Peripheral Neurobiology (M/S 1700), 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
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Provins L, Christophe B, Danhaive P, Dulieu J, Gillard M, Quéré L, Stebbins K. Dual M3 antagonists-PDE4 inhibitors. Part 2: Synthesis and SAR of 3-substituted azetidinyl derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3077-80. [PMID: 17398090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of 3-substituted azetidinyl substituents onto the 4,6-diaminopyrimidine scaffold allowed the improvement of PDE4 inhibiting activities. Preliminary in vivo activity in pulmonary inflammation models is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Provins
- UCB Pharma S.A., R&D, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium.
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Park H, Yim M. Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, suppresses PGE2-induced osteoclast formation by lowering osteoclast progenitor cell viability. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:486-92. [PMID: 17489366 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors induce osteoclast formation by suppressing the degradation of intracellular cAMP. To determine the regulatory roles of PDE inhibitors on PGE2-induced osteoclastogenesis, we investigated the effect of PDE inhibitors on osteoclast formation in the presence of PGE2. We found that IBMX, a nonselective PDE inhibitor, and rolipram, a specific PDE4 inhibitor, decreased PGE2-induced osteoclast formation in cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblastic cells. These suppressive effects were observed only when cocultures were treated with PDE inhibitors in the presence of PGE2 at an early stage of differentiation. Northern blot analysis revealed that the PDE4 inhibitor works synergistically with PGE2 to increase the ratio of TRANCE/OPG mRNA in osteoblasts, suggesting that suppression of osteoclast formation by PGE2 and the PDE4 inhibitor is not attributable to their indirect effect on calvarial osteoblasts. We further demonstrated that the PDE4 inhibitor augments the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on osteoclast progenitor cell viability, showing that combined treatment with PGE2 and rolipram suppresses osteoclast formation by directly reducing osteoclast progenitor cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Sato N. [Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor--characteristics, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, clinical trials, and side effects]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 5:43-8. [PMID: 17571364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sato
- Intensive & Cardiac Care Unit, Nippon Medical School
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Goto Y. [How to use PDE III inhibitors]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 5:49-56. [PMID: 17571365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Goto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center
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48
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Watanabe H, Kajimoto K, Kawana M. [Combination therapy with PDE III inhibitor for heart failure]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 5:134-9. [PMID: 17571377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirota Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Aoyama Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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Anas C, Ozaki T, Maruyama S, Yamamoto T, Zu Gotoh M, Ono Y, Matsuo S. Effects of olprinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on ischemic acute renal failure. Int J Urol 2007; 14:219-25. [PMID: 17430259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable and is still one of the major problems in renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olprinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on renal IRI. METHODS After a right nephrectomy, renal IRI was induced in rats. Olprinone was given in two different ways: sustained systemic administration and transient local administration to the kidney. Control rats were treated with saline. Using a magnifying endoscope, the renal blood flow speed was measured at 23 h after reperfusion. Then, blood samples were collected, and kidney specimens were taken for histological study. In order to study the mechanism, we performed in vitro experiments, using human proximal renal tubular cells (HK-2) incubated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha along with olprinone or saline, and interleukin (IL)-8 was measured in the culture supernatant. RESULTS In the saline group, the blood flow speed (BFS) was greatly reduced compared to that in normal kidneys. In both olprinone-treated groups, BFS of the renal microcirculation significantly increased, tubular damage and macrophage infiltration attenuated, and renal function greatly improved. Olprinone inhibited the increase in the IL-8 levels resulting from the incubation of HK-2 with TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our study successfully demonstrates that olprinone has renoprotective properties when applied locally as well as systemically. The results suggest that olprinone might be clinically useful in renal transplantation for the donor kidney, the recipient, and even in treating acute renal failure.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/blood
- Acute Kidney Injury/drug therapy
- Acute Kidney Injury/etiology
- Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Male
- Microscopy, Video
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyridones/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Renal Circulation/drug effects
- Reperfusion Injury/complications
- Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
- Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Chabouk Anas
- Departments of Urology and Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsusumaicho, Showaku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Cheung YF, Kan Z, Garrett-Engele P, Gall I, Murdoch H, Baillie GS, Camargo LM, Johnson JM, Houslay MD, Castle JC. PDE4B5, a Novel, Super-Short, Brain-Specific cAMP Phosphodiesterase-4 Variant Whose Isoform-Specifying N-Terminal Region Is Identical to That of cAMP Phosphodiesterase-4D6 (PDE4D6). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:600-9. [PMID: 17519386 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) gene family is the target of several potential selective therapeutic inhibitors. The four PDE4 genes generate several distinct protein-coding isoforms through the use of alternative promoters and 5'-coding exons. Using mouse transcripts, we identified a novel, super-short isoform of human PDE4B encoding a novel 5' terminus, which we label PDE4B5. The protein-coding region of the novel 5' exon is conserved across vertebrates, chicken, zebrafish, and fugu. Reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative (PCR) measurements show that this isoform is brain-specific. The novel protein is 58 +/- 2 kDa; it has cAMP hydrolyzing enzymatic activity and is inhibited by PDE4-selective inhibitors rolipram and cilomilast (Ariflo). Confocal and subcellular fractionation analyses show that it is distributed predominantly and unevenly within the cytosol. The 16 novel N-terminal residues of PDE4B5 are identical to the 16 N-terminal residues of the super-short isoform of PDE4D (PDE4D6), which is also brain-specific. PDE4B5 is able to bind the scaffold protein DISC1, whose gene has been linked to schizophrenia. Microarray expression profiling of the PDE4 gene family shows that specific PDE4 genes are enriched in muscle and blood fractions; however, only by monitoring the individual isoforms is the brain specificity of the super-short PDE4D and PDE4B isoforms revealed. Understanding the distinct tissue specificity of PDE4 isoforms will be important for understanding phosphodiesterase biology and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- York-Fong Cheung
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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