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Keck TM, Yang HJ, Bi GH, Huang Y, Zhang HY, Srivastava R, Gardner EL, Newman AH, Xi ZX. Fenobam sulfate inhibits cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behavior in rats: implications for addiction treatment in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 229:253-65. [PMID: 23615919 PMCID: PMC4191672 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) has been reported to be critically involved in drug reward and addiction. Because the mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) and 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) significantly inhibit addictivelike behaviors of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in experimental animals, it has been suggested that mGluR5 NAMs may have translational potential for treatment of addiction in humans. However, neither MPEP nor MTEP have been evaluated in humans due to their off-target actions and rapid metabolism. OBJECTIVES Herein, we evaluate a potential candidate for translational addiction research: a new sulfate salt formulation of fenobam, a selective mGluR5 NAM that has been investigated in humans. RESULTS In rats, fenobam sulfate had superior pharmacokinetics compared to the free base, with improved maximal plasma concentration (C max) and longer half life. Oral (p.o.) administration of fenobam sulfate (30 or 60 mg/kg) inhibited intravenous (i.v.) cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, and cocaine-associated cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Fenobam sulfate also inhibited p.o. sucrose self-administration and sucrose-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behavior, but had no effect on locomotion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional support for the role of mGluR5 signaling in cocaine addiction and suggests that fenobam sulfate may have translational potential in medication development for the treatment of cocaine addiction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Hong-Ju Yang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Ratika Srivastava
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Eliot L. Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
- Corresponding authors: Z.-X. Xi – Phone: (443) 740-2517. Fax: (443) 740-2781. ; A. H. Newman – Phone: (443) 740-2887. Fax: (443) 740-2111.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
- Corresponding authors: Z.-X. Xi – Phone: (443) 740-2517. Fax: (443) 740-2781. ; A. H. Newman – Phone: (443) 740-2887. Fax: (443) 740-2111.
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Carroll FI. Antagonists at metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: structure activity relationships and therapeutic potential for addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1141:221-32. [PMID: 18991960 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a result of intensive investigation, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, a number of potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists have been discovered. The structure activity relationship studies that led to the discovery of these mGluR5 antagonists are presented in this review. Results from studies on selected mGluR5 antagonists in animal models that simulate drug reward, reinforcement, and relapse appear promising. The comorbidity between drug abuse and anxiety and depression make drugs active in these disorders of great interest. Clinical studies showed that the mGluR5 antagonist fenobam was an active anxiolytic drug. Several new mGluR5 antagonists produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in animal models of these disorders. The results from the clinical and animal studies provide information for new approaches to finding mechanistically distinct pharmacotherapies to help patients achieve and maintain abstinence from cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, ethanol, and nicotine (smoking).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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Weil T, Renner S. Homology Model-Based Virtual Screening for GPCR Ligands Using Docking and Target-Biased Scoring. J Chem Inf Model 2008; 48:1104-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ci8000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Weil
- Chemical R&D, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstrasse 100, D-60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Renner
- Chemical R&D, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstrasse 100, D-60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tehrani LR, Smith ND, Huang D, Poon SF, Roppe JR, Seiders TJ, Chapman DF, Chung J, Cramer M, Cosford NDP. 3-[Substituted]-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitriles: Identification of highly potent and selective metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5061-4. [PMID: 16183275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship studies on the phenyl ring of 3-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile 2 led to the discovery that small, non-hydrogen bond donor substituents at the 3-position led to a substantial increase in in vitro potency. In particular, 3-fluoro-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile (7) is a highly potent and selective mGlu5 receptor antagonist with good rat pharmacokinetics, brain penetration, and in vivo receptor occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida R Tehrani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, MRLSDB2, 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121-1140, USA
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8
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Chua PC, Nagasawa JY, Bleicher LS, Munoz B, Schweiger EJ, Tehrani L, Anderson JJ, Cramer M, Chung J, Green MD, King CD, Reyes-Manalo G, Cosford NDP. Cyclohexenyl- and dehydropiperidinyl-alkynyl pyridines as potent metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4589-93. [PMID: 16115767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship studies leading to the discovery of novel mGlu5 receptor antagonists are described. These compounds show high in vitro potency, have good in vivo receptor occupancy, and a reasonable intravenous pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Chua
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, MRLSDB2 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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9
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Kew JNC, Kemp JA. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor structure and pharmacology. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 179:4-29. [PMID: 15731895 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-2200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE L: -Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and mediates its actions via activation of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptor families. The development of selective ligands, including competitive agonists and antagonists and positive and negative allosteric modulators, has enabled investigation of the functional roles of glutamate receptor family members. OBJECTIVE In this review we describe the subunit structure and composition of the ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors and discuss their pharmacology, particularly with respect to selective tools useful for investigation of their function in the CNS. RESULTS A large number of ligands are now available that are selective either for glutamate receptor subfamilies or for particular receptor subtypes. Such ligands have enabled considerable advances in the elucidation of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of receptor family members. Furthermore, efficacy in animal models of neurological and psychiatric disorders has supported the progression of several glutamatergic ligands into clinical studies. These include ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, which have entered clinical trials for disorders including epilepsy and ischaemic stroke, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor positive allosteric modulators which are under evaluation as cognitive enhancers, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) agonists which are undergoing clinical evaluation as anxiolytics. Furthermore, preclinical studies have illustrated therapeutic potential for ligands selective for other receptor subtypes in various disorders. These include mGluR1 antagonists in pain, mGluR5 antagonists in anxiety, pain and drug abuse and mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Selective pharmacological tools have enabled the study of glutamate receptors. However, pharmacological coverage of the family is incomplete and considerable scope remains for the development of novel ligands, particularly those with in vivo utility, and for the their use together with existing tools for the further investigation of the roles of receptor family members in CNS function and as potentially novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N C Kew
- Psychiatry Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Eastman B, Chen C, Smith ND, Poon S, Chung J, Reyes-Manalo G, Cosford NDP, Munoz B. Expedited SAR study of an mGluR5 antagonists: generation of a focused library using a solution-phase Suzuki coupling methodology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5485-8. [PMID: 15482909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of the lead compounds 2a and 2b was rapidly explored. Utilizing a parallel solution-phase Suzuki coupling approach, in tandem with strong cation exchange resin (SCX) purification afforded the desired focused library. The library was evaluated in vitro, a ninefold potency increase was achieved and the preference for ortho substitution of moderate steric bulk of the fourth, phenyl ring was identified. In addition, dimethylisoxazole, as a heterocyclic replacement for the phenylic ring of the lead compound, was also identified by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Eastman
- Department of Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, MRLSDB2, 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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