1
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Shim H, Kim H, Allen JE, Wulff H. Pose Classification Using Three-Dimensional Atomic Structure-Based Neural Networks Applied to Ion Channel-Ligand Docking. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2301-2315. [PMID: 35447030 PMCID: PMC9131459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The identification of promising lead compounds showing pharmacological activities toward a biological target is essential in early stage drug discovery. With the recent increase in available small-molecule databases, virtual high-throughput screening using physics-based molecular docking has emerged as an essential tool in assisting fast and cost-efficient lead discovery and optimization. However, the best scored docking poses are often suboptimal, resulting in incorrect screening and chemical property calculation. We address the pose classification problem by leveraging data-driven machine learning approaches to identify correct docking poses from AutoDock Vina and Glide screens. To enable effective classification of docking poses, we present two convolutional neural network approaches: a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) and an attention-based point cloud network (PCN) trained on the PDBbind refined set. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed classifiers on multiple evaluation data sets including the standard PDBbind CASF-2016 benchmark data set and various compound libraries with structurally different protein targets including an ion channel data set extracted from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and an in-house KCa3.1 inhibitor data set. Our experiments show that excluding false positive docking poses using the proposed classifiers improves virtual high-throughput screening to identify novel molecules against each target protein compared to the initial screen based on the docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Shim
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Center
for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Allen
- Global
Security Computing Applications Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Rezvanian A, Kuhzadeh P, Roosta A. Synthesis of Novel 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene Derivatives Bearing 2‐Oxo‐Quinoline Moiety
via
a 4‐CR Strategy**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Rezvanian
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Kuhzadeh
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| | - Atefeh Roosta
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
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3
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Manfroni G, Ragonese F, Monarca L, Astolfi A, Mancinelli L, Iannitti RG, Bastioli F, Barreca ML, Cecchetti V, Fioretti B. New Insights on KCa3.1 Channel Modulation. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2096-2101. [PMID: 32175839 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316152645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, KCa3.1, is involved in several pathophysiological conditions playing a critical role in cell secretory machinery and calcium signalling. The recent cryo-EM analysis provides new insights for understanding the modulation by both endogenous and pharmacological agents. A typical feature of this channel is the low open probability in saturating calcium concentrations and its modulation by potassium channel openers (KCOs), such as benzo imidazolone 1-EBIO, without changing calcium-dependent activation. In this paper, we proposed a model of KCOs action in the modulation of channel activity. The KCa3.1 channel has a very rich pharmacological profile with several classes of molecules that selectively interact with different binding sites of the channel. Among them, benzo imidazolones can be openers (positive modulators such as 1-EBIO, DC-EBIO) or blockers (negative modulators such as NS1619). Through computation modelling techniques, we identified the 1,4-benzothiazin-3-one as a promising scaffold to develop new KCa3.1 channel modulators. Further studies are needed to explore the potential use of 1-4 benzothiazine- 3-one in KCa3.1 modulation and its pharmacological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Francesco Ragonese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monarca
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Loretta Mancinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria L Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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4
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Brown BM, Shim H, Christophersen P, Wulff H. Pharmacology of Small- and Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:219-240. [PMID: 31337271 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The three small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa2) channels and the related intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 channel are voltage-independent K+ channels that mediate calcium-induced membrane hyperpolarization. When intracellular calcium increases in the channel vicinity, it calcifies the flexible N lobe of the channel-bound calmodulin, which then swings over to the S4-S5 linker and opens the channel. KCa2 and KCa3.1 channels are highly druggable and offer multiple binding sites for venom peptides and small-molecule blockers as well as for positive- and negative-gating modulators. In this review, we briefly summarize the physiological role of KCa channels and then discuss the pharmacophores and the mechanism of action of the most commonly used peptidic and small-molecule KCa2 and KCa3.1 modulators. Finally, we describe the progress that has been made in advancing KCa3.1 blockers and KCa2.2 negative- and positive-gating modulators toward the clinic for neurological and cardiovascular diseases and discuss the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Heesung Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | | | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
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5
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Brown BM, Pressley B, Wulff H. KCa3.1 Channel Modulators as Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Glioblastoma. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:618-626. [PMID: 28676010 PMCID: PMC5997873 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170630164226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is widely expressed in cells of the immune system such as T- and B-lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and microglia, but also found in dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and many cancer cells including pancreatic, prostate, leukemia and glioblastoma. In all these cell types KCa3.1 plays an important role in cellular activation, migration and proliferation by regulating membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling. Methods and Results KCa3.1 therefore constitutes an attractive therapeutic target for diseases involving excessive proliferation or activation of one more of these cell types and researchers both in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry have developed several potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of KCa3.1. This article will briefly review the available compounds (TRAM-34, senicapoc, NS6180), their binding sites and mechanisms of action, and then discuss the potential usefulness of these compounds for the treatment of brain tumors based on their brain penetration and their efficacy in reducing microglia activation in animal models of ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion Senicapoc, which has previously been in Phase III clinical trials, would be available for repurposing, and could be used to quickly translate findings made with other KCa3.1 blocking tool compounds into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Brandon Pressley
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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6
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D'Alessandro G, Limatola C, Catalano M. Functional Roles of the Ca2+-activated K+ Channel, KCa3.1, in Brain Tumors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:636-643. [PMID: 28707595 PMCID: PMC5997864 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170713103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and deadly brain tumor, with low disease-free period even after surgery and combined radio and chemotherapies. Among the factors contributing to the devastating effect of this tumor in the brain are the elevated proliferation and invasion rate, and the ability to induce a local immunosuppressive environment. The intermediateconductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is expressed in glioblastoma cells and in tumorinfiltrating cells. METHODS We first describe the researches related to the role of KCa3.1 channels in the invasion of brain tumor cells and the regulation of cell cycle. In the second part we review the involvement of KCa3.1 channel in tumor-associated microglia cell behaviour. RESULTS In tumor cells, the functional expression of KCa3.1 channels is important to substain cell invasion and proliferation. In tumor infiltrating cells, KCa3.1 channel activity is required to regulate their activation state. Interfering with KCa3.1 activity can be an adjuvant therapeutic approach in addition to classic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to counteract tumor growth and prolong patient's survival. CONCLUSION In this mini-review we discuss the evidence of the functional roles of KCa3.1 channels in glioblastoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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7
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Honrath B, Krabbendam IE, Culmsee C, Dolga AM. Small conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels in the plasma membrane, mitochondria and the ER: Pharmacology and implications in neuronal diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:13-23. [PMID: 28511953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels regulate after-hyperpolarization in many types of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2/SK) channels, a subfamily of KCa channels, are widely expressed in the nervous system, and in the cardiovascular system. Voltage-independent SK channels are activated by alterations in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) which facilitates the opening of these channels through binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin that is constitutively bound to the SK2 C-terminus. In neurons, SK channels regulate synaptic plasticity and [Ca2+]i homeostasis, and a number of recent studies elaborated on the emerging neuroprotective potential of SK channel activation in conditions of excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative cell death. Recently, SK channels were discovered in the inner mitochondrial membrane and in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum which sheds new light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in SK channel-mediated protective effects. In this review, we will discuss the protective properties of pharmacological SK channel modulation with particular emphasis on intracellularly located SK channels as potential therapeutic targets in paradigms of neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Honrath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge E Krabbendam
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Nguyen HM, Singh V, Pressly B, Jenkins DP, Wulff H, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Structural Insights into the Atomistic Mechanisms of Action of Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the KCa3.1 Channel Pore. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:392-402. [PMID: 28126850 PMCID: PMC5363711 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa3.1) constitutes an attractive pharmacological target for immunosuppression, fibroproliferative disorders, atherosclerosis, and stroke. However, there currently is no available crystal structure of this medically relevant channel that could be used for structure-assisted drug design. Using the Rosetta molecular modeling suite we generated a molecular model of the KCa3.1 pore and tested the model by first confirming previously mapped binding sites and visualizing the mechanism of TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole), senicapoc (2,2-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide), and NS6180 (4-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one) inhibition at the atomistic level. All three compounds block ion conduction directly by fully or partially occupying the site that would normally be occupied by K+ before it enters the selectivity filter. We then challenged the model to predict the receptor sites and mechanisms of action of the dihydropyridine nifedipine and an isosteric 4-phenyl-pyran. Rosetta predicted receptor sites for nifedipine in the fenestration region and for the 4-phenyl-pyran in the pore lumen, which could both be confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiology. While nifedipine is thus not a pore blocker and might be stabilizing the channel in a nonconducting conformation or interfere with gating, the 4-phenyl-pyran was found to be a classical pore blocker that directly inhibits ion conduction similar to the triarylmethanes TRAM-34 and senicapoc. The Rosetta KCa3.1 pore model explains the mechanism of action of several KCa3.1 blockers at the molecular level and could be used for structure-assisted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology (H.M.N, V.S., B.P., D.P.J., H.W.) and Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V. Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology (H.M.N, V.S., B.P., D.P.J., H.W.) and Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V. Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brandon Pressly
- Department of Pharmacology (H.M.N, V.S., B.P., D.P.J., H.W.) and Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V. Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - David Paul Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology (H.M.N, V.S., B.P., D.P.J., H.W.) and Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V. Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology (H.M.N, V.S., B.P., D.P.J., H.W.) and Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V. Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Pharmacology (H.M.N, V.S., B.P., D.P.J., H.W.) and Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V. Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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9
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Kovalenko I, Glasauer A, Schöckel L, Sauter DRP, Ehrmann A, Sohler F, Hägebarth A, Novak I, Christian S. Identification of KCa3.1 Channel as a Novel Regulator of Oxidative Phosphorylation in a Subset of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160658. [PMID: 27494181 PMCID: PMC4975431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the most common form of pancreatic cancer with rising incidence in developing countries and overall 5-year survival rates of less than 5%. The most frequent mutations in PDAC are gain-of-function mutations in KRAS as well as loss-of-function mutations in p53. Both mutations have severe impacts on the metabolism of tumor cells. Many of these metabolic changes are mediated by transporters or channels that regulate the exchange of metabolites and ions between the intracellular compartment and the tumor microenvironment. In the study presented here, our goal was to identify novel transporters or channels that regulate oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in PDAC in order to characterize novel potential drug targets for the treatment of these cancers. We set up a Seahorse Analyzer XF based siRNA screen and identified previously described as well as novel regulators of OxPhos. The siRNA that resulted in the greatest change in cellular oxygen consumption was targeting the KCNN4 gene, which encodes for the Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel KCa3.1. This channel has not previously been reported to regulate OxPhos. Knock-down experiments as well as the use of a small molecule inhibitor confirmed its role in regulating oxygen consumption, ATP production and cellular proliferation. Furthermore, PDAC cell lines sensitive to KCa3.1 inhibition were shown to express the channel protein in the plasma membrane as well as in the mitochondria. These differences in the localization of KCa3.1 channels as well as differences in the regulation of cellular metabolism might offer opportunities for targeted therapy in subsets of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kovalenko
- Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups / Onc II, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Glasauer
- Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups / Onc II, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Schöckel
- Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups / Onc II, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel R. P. Sauter
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Ehrmann
- Drug Discovery, Lead Discovery / Cell Biology, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Sohler
- Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups / Bioinformatics, Bayer Pharma AG, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hägebarth
- Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups / Onc II, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Christian
- Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups / Onc II, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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10
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Dale E, Staal RGW, Eder C, Möller T. KCa 3.1-a microglial target ready for drug repurposing? Glia 2016; 64:1733-41. [PMID: 27121595 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, glial cells have attracted attention for harboring unexploited targets for drug discovery. Several glial targets have attracted de novo drug discovery programs, as highlighted in this GLIA Special Issue. Drug repurposing, which has the objective of utilizing existing drugs as well as abandoned, failed, or not yet pursued clinical development candidates for new indications, might provide a faster opportunity to bring drugs for glial targets to patients with unmet needs. Here, we review the potential of the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels KCa 3.1 as the target for such a repurposing effort. We discuss the data on KCa 3.1 expression on microglia in vitro and in vivo and review the relevant literature on the two KCa 3.1 inhibitors TRAM-34 and Senicapoc. Finally, we provide an outlook of what it might take to harness the potential of KCa 3.1 as a bona fide microglial drug target. GLIA 2016;64:1733-1741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dale
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Roland G W Staal
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Claudia Eder
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Möller
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
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11
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Strøbæk D, Brown DT, Jenkins DP, Chen YJ, Coleman N, Ando Y, Chiu P, Jørgensen S, Demnitz J, Wulff H, Christophersen P. NS6180, a new K(Ca) 3.1 channel inhibitor prevents T-cell activation and inflammation in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:432-44. [PMID: 22891655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The K(Ca) 3.1 channel is a potential target for therapy of immune disease. We identified a compound from a new chemical class of K(Ca) 3.1 inhibitors and assessed in vitro and in vivo inhibition of immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We characterized the benzothiazinone NS6180 (4-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one) with respect to potency and molecular site of action on K(Ca) 3.1 channels, selectivity towards other targets, effects on T-cell activation as well as pharmacokinetics and inflammation control in colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). KEY RESULTS NS6180 inhibited cloned human K(Ca) 3.1 channels (IC(50) = 9 nM) via T250 and V275, the same amino acid residues conferring sensitivity to triarylmethanes such as like TRAM-34. NS6180 inhibited endogenously expressed K(Ca) 3.1 channels in human, mouse and rat erythrocytes, with similar potencies (15-20 nM). NS6180 suppressed rat and mouse splenocyte proliferation at submicrolar concentrations and potently inhibited IL-2 and IFN-γ production, while exerting smaller effects on IL-4 and TNF-α and no effect on IL-17 production. Antibody staining showed K(Ca) 3.1 channels in healthy colon and strong up-regulation in association with infiltrating immune cells after induction of colitis. Despite poor plasma exposure, NS6180 (3 and 10 mg·kg(-1) b.i.d.) dampened colon inflammation and improved body weight gain as effectively as the standard IBD drug sulfasalazine (300 mg·kg(-1) q.d.). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NS6180 represents a novel class of K(Ca) 3.1 channel inhibitors which inhibited experimental colitis, suggesting K(Ca) 3.1 channels as targets for pharmacological control of intestinal inflammation.
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12
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Balut CM, Hamilton KL, Devor DC. Trafficking of intermediate (KCa3.1) and small (KCa2.x) conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels: a novel target for medicinal chemistry efforts? ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1741-55. [PMID: 22887933 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa) channels play a pivotal role in the physiology of a wide variety of tissues and disease states, including vascular endothelia, secretory epithelia, certain cancers, red blood cells (RBC), neurons, and immune cells. Such widespread involvement has generated an intense interest in elucidating the function and regulation of these channels, with the goal of developing pharmacological strategies aimed at selective modulation of KCa channels in various disease states. Herein we give an overview of the molecular and functional properties of these channels and their therapeutic importance. We discuss the achievements made in designing pharmacological tools that control the function of KCa channels by modulating their gating properties. Moreover, this review discusses the recent advances in our understanding of KCa channel assembly and anterograde trafficking toward the plasma membrane, the micro-domains in which these channels are expressed within the cell, and finally the retrograde trafficking routes these channels take following endocytosis. As the regulation of intracellular trafficking by agonists as well as the protein-protein interactions that modify these events continue to be explored, we anticipate this will open new therapeutic avenues for the targeting of these channels based on the pharmacological modulation of KCa channel density at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Balut
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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13
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Expression and Role of the Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel KCa3.1 in Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:421564. [PMID: 22675627 PMCID: PMC3362965 DOI: 10.1155/2012/421564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by altered expression of several ion channels that have important consequences in cell functions associated with their aggressiveness, such as cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Data on the altered expression and function of the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K (KCa3.1) channels in glioblastoma cells have only recently become available. This paper aims to (i) illustrate the main structural, biophysical, pharmacological, and modulatory properties of the KCa3.1 channel, (ii) provide a detailed account of data on the expression of this channel in glioblastoma cells, as compared to normal brain tissue, and (iii) critically discuss its major functional roles. Available data suggest that KCa3.1 channels (i) are highly expressed in glioblastoma cells but only scantly in the normal brain parenchima, (ii) play an important role in the control of glioblastoma cell migration. Altogether, these data suggest KCa3.1 channels as potential candidates for a targeted therapy against this tumor.
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Wulff H, Castle NA. Therapeutic potential of KCa3.1 blockers: recent advances and promising trends. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:385-96. [PMID: 22111618 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel K(Ca)3.1 regulates membrane potential and calcium signaling in erythrocytes, activated T and B cells, macrophages, microglia, vascular endothelium, epithelia, and proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. K(Ca)3.1 has therefore been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for diseases such as sickle cell anemia, asthma, coronary restenosis after angioplasty, atherosclerosis, kidney fibrosis and autoimmunity, where activation and excessive proliferation of one or more of these cell types is involved in the pathology. This article will review the physiology and pharmacology of K(Ca)3.1 and critically examine the available preclinical and clinical data validating K(Ca)3.1 as a therapeutic target.
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Calabrese EJ. Drug therapies for stroke and traumatic brain injury often display U-shaped dose responses: occurrence, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 38:557-77. [PMID: 18615310 DOI: 10.1080/10408440802014287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the occurrence of U-shaped dose responses induced by neuroprotective agents in animal stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening/preclinical studies. The assessment was stimulated by suggestions that U-shaped dose responses may be common for neuroprotective agents in stroke and TBI models, and its lack of both recognition and understanding may be a factor contributing to the failure of many promising drugs to be protective in clinical trials. Over 30 agents with neuroprotective properties in animal stroke/TBI models were identified that act via U-shaped dose responses in a broad range of experimental protocols. These findings suggest that U-shaped dose responses in animal stroke/TBI models may be a general occurrence and have significant implications for drug discovery, drug development, and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Environmental Health Sciences Division, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Wulff H, Zhorov BS. K+ channel modulators for the treatment of neurological disorders and autoimmune diseases. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1744-73. [PMID: 18476673 PMCID: PMC2714671 DOI: 10.1021/cr078234p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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