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Zaytseva AK, Kulichik OE, Kostareva AA, Zhorov BS. Biophysical mechanisms of myocardium sodium channelopathies. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:735-753. [PMID: 38424322 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants of gene SCN5A encoding the alpha-subunit of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 are associated with various diseases, including long QT syndrome (LQT3), Brugada syndrome (BrS1), and progressive cardiac conduction disease (PCCD). In the last decades, the great progress in understanding molecular and biophysical mechanisms of these diseases has been achieved. The LQT3 syndrome is associated with gain-of-function of sodium channels Nav1.5 due to impaired inactivation, enhanced activation, accelerated recovery from inactivation or the late current appearance. In contrast, BrS1 and PCCD are associated with the Nav1.5 loss-of-function, which in electrophysiological experiments can be manifested as reduced current density, enhanced fast or slow inactivation, impaired activation, or decelerated recovery from inactivation. Genetic variants associated with congenital arrhythmias can also disturb interactions of the Nav1.5 channel with different proteins or drugs and cause unexpected reactions to drug administration. Furthermore, mutations can affect post-translational modifications of the channels and their sensitivity to pH and temperature. Here we briefly review the current knowledge on biophysical mechanisms of LQT3, BrS1 and PCCD. We focus on limitations of studies that use heterologous expression systems and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived cardiac myocytes and summarize our understanding of genotype-phenotype relations of SCN5A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Zaytseva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Olga E Kulichik
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Boris S Zhorov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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2
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Tarnovskaya SI, Kostareva AA, Zhorov BS. In silico analysis of TRPM4 variants of unknown clinical significance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295974. [PMID: 38100498 PMCID: PMC10723691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRPM4 is a calcium-activated channel that selectively permeates monovalent cations. Genetic variants of the channel in cardiomyocytes are associated with various heart disorders, such as progressive familial heart block and Brugada syndrome. About97% of all known TRPM4 missense variants are classified as variants of unknown clinical significance (VUSs). The very large number of VUSs is a serious problem in diagnostics and treatment of inherited heart diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 233 benign or pathogenic missense variants in the superfamily of TRP channels from databases ClinVar, Humsavar and Ensembl Variation to compare performance of 22 algorithms that predict damaging variants. We found that ClinPred is the best-performing tool for TRP channels. We also used the paralogue annotation method to identify disease variants across the TRP family. In the set of 565 VUSs of hTRPM4, ClinPred predicted pathogenicity of 299 variants. Among these, 12 variants are also categorized as LP/P variants in at least one paralogue of hTRPM4. We further used the cryo-EM structure of hTRPM4 to find scores of contact pairs between parental (wild type) residues of VUSs for which ClinPred predicts a high probability of pathogenicity of variants for both contact partners. We propose that 68 respective missense VUSs are also likely pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS ClinPred outperformed other in-silico tools in predicting damaging variants of TRP channels. ClinPred, the paralogue annotation method, and analysis of residue contacts the hTRPM4 cryo-EM structure collectively suggest pathogenicity of 80 TRPM4 VUSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Tarnovskaya
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A. Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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3
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Mechanisms of dihydropyridine agonists and antagonists in view of cryo-EM structures of calcium and sodium channels. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313418. [PMID: 37728574 PMCID: PMC10510735 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Opposite effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) agonists and antagonists on the L-type calcium channels are a challenging problem. Cryo-EM structures visualized DHPs between the pore-lining helices S6III and S6IV in agreement with published mutational data. However, the channel conformations in the presence of DHP agonists and antagonists are virtually the same, and the mechanisms of the ligands' action remain unclear. We docked the DHP agonist S-Bay k 8644 and antagonist R-Bay k 8644 in Cav1.1 channel models with or without π-bulges in helices S6III and S6IV. Cryo-EM structures of the DHP-bound Cav1.1 channel show a π-bulge in helix S6III but not in S6IV. The antagonist's hydrophobic group fits into the hydrophobic pocket formed by residues in S6IV. The agonists' polar NO2 group is too small to fill up the pocket. A water molecule could sterically fit into the void space, but its contacts with isoleucine in helix S6IV (motif INLF) would be unfavorable. In a model with π-bulged S6IV, this isoleucine turns away from the DHP molecule and its position is occupied by the asparagine from the same motif INLF. The asparagine provides favorable contacts for the water molecule at the agonist's NO2 group but unfavorable contacts for the antagonist's methoxy group. In our models, the DHP antagonist stabilizes entirely α-helical S6IV. In contrast, the DHP agonist stabilizes π-bulged helix S6IV whose C-terminal part turned and rearranged the activation-gate region. This would stabilize the open channel. Thus, agonists, but not antagonists, would promote channel opening by stabilizing π-bulged helix S6IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B. Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Finol-Urdaneta RK, Zhorov BS, Baden DG, Adams DJ. Brevetoxin versus Brevenal Modulation of Human Nav1 Channels. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:396. [PMID: 37504927 PMCID: PMC10382042 DOI: 10.3390/md21070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brevetoxins (PbTx) and brevenal are marine ladder-frame polyethers. PbTx binds to and activates voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in native tissues, whereas brevenal antagonizes these actions. However, the effects of PbTx and brevenal on recombinant Nav channel function have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, the PbTx-3 and brevenal modulation of tissue-representative Nav channel subtypes Nav1.2, Nav1.4, Nav1.5, and Nav1.7 were examined using automated patch-clamp. While PbTx-3 and brevenal elicit concentration-dependent and subtype-specific modulatory effects, PbTx-3 is >1000-fold more potent than brevenal. Consistent with effects observed in native tissues, Nav1.2 and Nav1.4 channels were PbTx-3- and brevenal-sensitive, whereas Nav1.5 and Nav1.7 appeared resistant. Interestingly, the incorporation of brevenal in the intracellular solution caused Nav channels to become less sensitive to PbTx-3 actions. Furthermore, we generated a computational model of PbTx-2 bound to the lipid-exposed side of the interface between domains I and IV of Nav1.2. Our results are consistent with competitive antagonism between brevetoxins and brevenal, setting a basis for future mutational analyses of Nav channels' interaction with brevetoxins and brevenal. Our findings provide valuable insights into the functional modulation of Nav channels by brevetoxins and brevenal, which may have implications for the development of new Nav channel modulators with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel G Baden
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington MARBIONC, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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5
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Gurevitz M, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Allosteric interactions among voltage-sensor modules of sodium channels probed by scorpion toxin modifiers. J Neurobiol Physiol 2022; 4:9-12. [PMID: 37034138 PMCID: PMC10081521 DOI: 10.46439/neurobiology.4.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Gating of voltage-dependent sodium channels involves coordinated movements of the voltage sensors in the voltage-sensing modules (VSMs) of the four domains (DI-DIV) in response to membrane depolarization. Zhu et al. have recently examined the effects of charge reversal substitutions at the VSM of domain III on the action of scorpion alpha- and beta-toxins that intercept the voltage sensors in domains IV and II, respectively. The increased activity of both toxin types on the mutant channels has suggested that the VSM module at domain III interacts allosterically with the VSM modules in domains IV and II during channel gating thus affecting indirectly the action of both scorpion toxin classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gurevitz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Ecology, George
S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1 Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology &
Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC,
USA
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Zhorov BS. Molecular Modeling of Cardiac Sodium Channel with Mexiletine. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:membranes12121252. [PMID: 36557159 PMCID: PMC9786191 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A sodium channel blocker mexiletine (MEX) is used to treat chronic pain, myotonia and some arrhythmias. Mutations in the pore domain (PD) of voltage-gated sodium channels differently affect tonic block (TB) and use-dependent block (UDB) by MEX. Previous studies identified several MEX-sensing residues in the hNav1.5 channel and demonstrated that the channel block by MEX increases with activation of the voltage-sensing domain III (VSDIII), whereas MEX stabilizes the activated state of VSDIII. Structural rationales for these observations are unclear. Here, Monte Carlo (MC) energy minimizations were used to dock MEX and its more potent analog, Thio-Me2, into the hNav1.5 cryo-EM structure with activated VSDs and presumably inactivated PD. Computations yielded two ensembles of ligand binding poses in close contacts with known MEX-sensing residues in helices S6III, S6IV and P1IV. In both ensembles, the ligand NH3 group approached the cation-attractive site between backbone carbonyls at the outer-pore bottom, while the aromatic ring protruded ether into the inner pore (putative UDB pose) or into the III/IV fenestration (putative TB pose). In silico deactivation of VSDIII shifted helices S4-S5III, S5III, S6III and S6IV and tightened the TB site. In a model with activated VSDIII and three resting VSDs, MC-minimized energy profile of MEX pulled from the TB site towards lipids shows a deep local minimum due to interactions with 11 residues in S5III, P1III, S6III and S6IV. The minimum may correspond to an interim binding site for MEX in the hydrophobic path to the TB site along the lipid-exposed sides of repeats III and IV where 15 polar and aromatic residues would attract cationic blockers. The study explains numerous experimental data and suggests the mechanism of allosteric modification of the MEX binding site by VSDIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Guan W, Orellana KG, Stephens RF, Zhorov BS, Spafford JD. A lysine residue from an extracellular turret switches the ion preference in a Cav3 T-Type channel from calcium to sodium ions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102621. [PMID: 36272643 PMCID: PMC9694082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3 T-type calcium channels from great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis have a selectivity-filter ring of five acidic residues, EE(D)DD. Splice variants with exons 12b or 12a spanning the extracellular loop between the outer helix IIS5 and membrane-descending pore helix IIP1 (IIS5-P1) in Domain II of the pore module possess calcium selectivity or dominant sodium permeability, respectively. Here, we use AlphaFold2 neural network software to predict that a lysine residue in exon 12a is salt-bridged to the aspartate residue immediately C terminal to the second-domain glutamate in the selectivity filter. Exon 12b has a similar folding but with an alanine residue in place of lysine in exon 12a. We express LCav3 channels with mutated exons Ala-12b-Lys and Lys-12a-Ala and demonstrate that they switch the ion preference to high sodium permeability and calcium selectivity, respectively. We propose that in the calcium-selective variants, a calcium ion chelated between Domain II selectivity-filter glutamate and aspartate is knocked-out by the incoming calcium ion in the process of calcium permeation, whereas sodium ions are repelled. The aspartate is neutralized by the lysine residue in the sodium-permeant variants, allowing for sodium permeation through the selectivity-filter ring of four negatively charged residues akin to the prokaryotic sodium channels with four glutamates in the selectivity filter. The evolutionary adaptation in invertebrate LCav3 channels highlight the involvement of a key, ubiquitous aspartate, "a calcium beacon" of sorts in the outer pore of Domain II, as determinative for the calcium ion preference over sodium ions through eukaryotic Cav1, Cav2, and Cav3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Guan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaidy G. Orellana
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert F. Stephens
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia,Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - J. David Spafford
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,For correspondence: J. David Spafford
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Sun H, Nomura Y, Du Y, Liu Z, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Characterization of two kdr mutations at predicted pyrethroid receptor site 2 in the sodium channels of Aedes aegypti and Nilaparvata lugens. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 148:103814. [PMID: 35932971 PMCID: PMC10076083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides prolong the opening of insect sodium channels by binding to two predicted pyrethroid receptor sites (PyR), PyR1 and PyR2. Many naturally-occurring sodium channel mutations that confer pyrethroid resistance (known as knockdown resistance, kdr) are located at PyR1. Recent studies identified two new mutations, V253F and T267A, at PyR2, which co-exist with two well-known mutations F1534C or M918T, at PyR1, in pyrethroid-resistant populations of Aedes aegypti and Nilaparvata lugens, respectively. However, the role of the V253F and T267A mutations in pyrethroid resistance has not been functionally examined. Here we report functional characterization of the V253F and T267A mutations in the Ae. aegypti sodium channel AaNav2-1 and the N. lugens sodium channel NlNav1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Both mutations alone reduced channel sensitivity to pyrethroids, including etofenprox. We docked etofenprox in a homology model of the pore module of the NlNav1 channel based on the crystal structure of an open prokaryotic sodium channel NavMs. In the low-energy binding pose etofenprox formed contacts with V253, T267 and a previously identified L1014 within PyR2. Combining of V253F or T267A with F1534C or M918T results in a higher level of pyrethroid insensitivity. Furthermore, both V253F and T267A mutations altered channel gating properties. However, V253F- and T267A-induced gating modifications was not observed in the double mutant channels. Our findings highlight the first example in which naturally-found combinational mutations in PyR1 and PyR2 not only confer higher level pyrethroid insensitivity, but also reduce potential fitness tradeoff in pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes caused by kdr mutation-induced sodium channel gating modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Zewen Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Zhorov BS, Dong K. Pyrethroids in an AlphaFold2 Model of the Insect Sodium Channel. Insects 2022; 13:insects13080745. [PMID: 36005370 PMCID: PMC9409284 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides stabilize the open state of insect sodium channels. Previous mutational, electrophysiological, and computational analyses led to the development of homology models predicting two pyrethroid receptor sites, PyR1 and PyR2. Many of the naturally occurring sodium channel mutations, which confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids, are located within or close to these receptor sites, indicating that these mutations impair pyrethroid binding. However, the mechanism of the state-dependent action of pyrethroids and the mechanisms by which kdr mutations beyond the receptor sites confer resistance remain unclear. Recent advances in protein structure prediction using the AlphaFold2 (AF2) neural network allowed us to generate a new model of the mosquito sodium channel AaNav1-1, with the activated voltage-sensing domains (VSMs) and the presumably inactivated pore domain (PM). We further employed Monte Carlo energy minimizations to open PM and deactivate VSM-I and VSM-II to generate additional models. The docking of a Type II pyrethroid deltamethrin in the models predicted its interactions with many known pyrethroid-sensing residues in the PyR1 and PyR2 sites and revealed ligand-channel interactions that stabilized the open PM and activated VSMs. Our study confirms the predicted two pyrethroid receptor sites, explains the state-dependent action of pyrethroids, and proposes the mechanisms of the allosteric effects of various kdr mutations on pyrethroid action. The AF2-based models may assist in the structure-based design of new insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zaytseva AK, Kiselev AM, Boitsov AS, Fomicheva YV, Pavlov GS, Zhorov BS, Kostareva AA. Characterization of the novel heterozygous SCN5A genetic variant Y739D associated with Brugada syndrome. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101249. [PMID: 35300108 PMCID: PMC8920867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in SCN5A gene were identified in patients with various arrhythmogenic conditions including Brugada syndrome. Despite significant progress of last decades in studying the molecular mechanism of arrhythmia-associated SCN5A mutations, the understanding of relationship between genetics, electrophysiological consequences and clinical phenotype is lacking. We have found a novel genetic variant Y739D in the SCN5A-encoded sodium channel Nav1.5 of a male patient with Brugada syndrome (BrS). The objective of the study was to characterize the biophysical properties of Nav1.5-Y739D and provide possible explanation of the phenotype observed in the patient. The WT and Y739D channels were heterologously expressed in the HEK-293T cells and the whole-cell sodium currents were recorded. Substitution Y739D reduced the sodium current density by 47 ± 2% at −20 mV, positively shifted voltage-dependent activation, accelerated both fast and slow inactivation, and decelerated recovery from the slow inactivation. The Y739D loss-of-function phenotype likely causes the BrS manifestation. In the hNav1.5 homology models, which are based on the cryo-EM structure of rat Nav1.5 channel, Y739 in the extracellular loop IIS1-S2 forms H-bonds with K1381 and E1435 and pi-cation contacts with K1397 (all in loop IIIS5-P1). In contrast, Y739D accepts H-bonds from K1397 and Y1434. Substantially different contacts of Y739 and Y739D with loop IIIS5-P1 would differently transmit allosteric signals from VSD-II to the fast-inactivation gate at the N-end of helix IIIS5 and slow-inactivation gate at the C-end of helix IIIP1. This may underlie the atomic mechanism of the Y739D channel dysfunction. A novel BrS-associated genetic variant Y739D in gene SCN5A is identified. Y739D caused Nav1.5 loss-of-function by enhancing slow and fast inactivation. Y739 in loop IIS1-S2 forms H-bonds and pi-cation contacts with loop IIIS5-P1. The contacts may mediate signal transfer from VSD-II to two inactivation gates. Altered contacts of Y739D would affect the allosteric signal transduction.
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. P-Loop Channels: Experimental Structures, and Physics-Based and Neural Networks-Based Models. Membranes 2022; 12:membranes12020229. [PMID: 35207150 PMCID: PMC8876033 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of P-loop channels includes potassium, sodium, and calcium channels, as well as TRP channels and ionotropic glutamate receptors. A rapidly increasing number of crystal and cryo-EM structures have revealed conserved and variable elements of the channel structures. Intriguing differences are seen in transmembrane helices of channels, which may include π-helical bulges. The bulges reorient residues in the helices and thus strongly affect their intersegment contacts and patterns of ligand-sensing residues. Comparison of the experimental structures suggests that some π-bulges are dynamic: they may appear and disappear upon channel gating and ligand binding. The AlphaFold2 models represent a recent breakthrough in the computational prediction of protein structures. We compared some crystal and cryo-EM structures of P-loop channels with respective AlphaFold2 models. Folding of the regions, which are resolved experimentally, is generally similar to that predicted in the AlphaFold2 models. The models also reproduce some subtle but significant differences between various P-loop channels. However, patterns of π-bulges do not necessarily coincide in the experimental and AlphaFold2 structures. Given the importance of dynamic π-bulges, further studies involving experimental and theoretical approaches are necessary to understand the cause of the discrepancy.
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Korkosh VS, Zaytseva AK, Kostareva AA, Zhorov BS. Intersegment Contacts of Potentially Damaging Variants of Cardiac Sodium Channel. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756415. [PMID: 34803699 PMCID: PMC8600069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1,500 missense variants of sodium channel hNav1.5, which are reported in the ClinVar database, are associated with cardiac diseases. For most of the variants, the clinical significance is uncertain (VUS), not provided (NP), or has conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity (CIP). Reclassifying these variants as pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants is important for diagnosing genotyped patients. In our earlier work, several bioinformatics tools and paralogue annotation method consensually predicted that 74 VUS/NP/CIP variants of 54 wild type residues (set w54) are potentially damaging variants (PDVs). Atomic mechanisms underlying dysfunction of the PDVs are unknown. Here we employed a recent cryo-EM structure of the hNav1.5 channel with likely inactivated pore domain (PD) and activated voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), and ad hoc models of the closed and open PD and resting VSDs to explore intersegment contacts of w54 residues. We found that 44 residues from set w54 contact 84 residues with 118 disease missense variants. These include 104 VUS/NP/CIP variants, most of which are associated with the loss-of-function Brugada syndrome (BrS1) or gain-of-function long QT syndrome (LQT3). Matrix representation of the PDVs and their contact variants facilitated recognition of coupled mutations associated with the same disease. In particular, BrS1-associated coupled mutations, which disturb the P-loops region with the selectivity filter slow inactivation gate, would cause the channel dysfunction. Other likely causes of the channel dysfunction include coupled BrS1-associated variants within VSDs that would destabilize their activated states and coupled LQT3-associated variants, which would stabilize the open PD or activated VSDs. Our study proposes mechanisms of channel dysfunction for scores of BrS1- and LQT3-associated variants, confirms status for 82% of PDVs, and suggests damaging status for their contact variants, which are currently categorized as VUS/NP/CIP variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav S Korkosh
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Zaytseva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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Zaytseva AK, Boitsov AS, Kostareva AA, Zhorov BS. Possible Interactions of Extracellular Loop IVP2-S6 With Voltage-Sensing Domain III in Cardiac Sodium Channel. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:742508. [PMID: 34721031 PMCID: PMC8551724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.742508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Motion transmission from voltage sensors to inactivation gates is an important problem in the general physiology of ion channels. In a cryo-EM structure of channel hNav1.5, residues N1736 and R1739 in the extracellular loop IVP2-S6 approach glutamates E1225 and E1295, respectively, in the voltage-sensing domain III (VSD-III). ClinVar-reported variants E1230K, E1295K, and R1739W/Q and other variants in loops IVP2-S6, IIIS1-S2, and IIIS3-S4 are associated with cardiac arrhythmias, highlighting the interface between IVP2-S6 and VSD-III as a hot spot of disease mutations. Atomic mechanisms of the channel dysfunction caused by these mutations are unknown. Here, we generated mutants E1295R, R1739E, E1295R/R1739E, and N1736R, expressed them in HEK-293T cells, and explored biophysical properties. Mutation E1295R reduced steady-state fast inactivation and enhanced steady-state slow inactivation. In contrast, mutation R1739E slightly enhanced fast inactivation and attenuated slow inactivation. Characteristics of the double mutant E1295R/R1739E were rather similar to those of the wild-type channel. Mutation N1736R attenuated slow inactivation. Molecular modeling predicted salt bridging of R1739E with the outermost lysine in the activated voltage-sensing helix IIIS4. In contrast, the loss-of-function substitution E1295R repelled R1739, thus destabilizing the activated VSD-III in agreement with our data that E1295R caused a depolarizing shift of the G-V curve. In silico deactivation of VSD-III with constraint-maintained salt bridge E1295-R1739 resulted in the following changes: 1) contacts between IIIS4 and IVS5 were switched; 2) contacts of the linker-helix IIIS4-S5 with IVS5, IVS6, and fast inactivation tripeptide IFM were modified; 3) contacts of the IFM tripeptide with helices IVS5 and IVS6 were altered; 4) mobile loop IVP2-S6 shifted helix IVP2 that contributes to the slow inactivation gate and helix IVS6 that contributes to the fast inactivation gate. The likelihood of salt bridge E1295-R1739 in deactivated VSD-III is supported by Poisson–Boltzmann calculations and state-dependent energetics of loop IVP2-S6. Taken together, our results suggest that loop IVP2-S6 is involved in motion transmission from VSD-III to the inactivation gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Zaytseva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Anna A Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Mikhailova VB, Karpushev AV, Vavilova VD, Klimenko ES, Tulintseva T, Yudina YS, Vasichkina ES, Zhorov BS, Kostareva A. Functional Analysis of SCN5A Genetic Variants Associated with Brugada Syndrome. Cardiology 2021; 147:35-46. [PMID: 34628415 DOI: 10.1159/000519857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare inherited cardiac arrhythmia with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Mutations in gene SCN5A, which encodes the α-subunit of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, have been identified in over 20% of patients with BrS. However, only a small fraction of NaV1.5 variants, which are associated with BrS, are characterized in electrophysiological experiments. RESULTS Here we explored variants V281A and L1582P, which were found in our patients with BrS, and variants F543L and K1419E, which are reportedly associated with BrS. Heterologous expression of the variants in CHO-K1 cells and the Western blot analysis demonstrated that each variant appeared at the cell surface. We further measured sodium current in the whole-cell voltage clamp configuration. Variant F543L produced robust sodium current with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state fast inactivation. Other variants did not produce detectable sodium currents, indicating a complete loss of function. In a recent cryoEM structure of the hNaV1.5 channel, residues V281, K1419, and L1582 are in close contacts with residues whose mutations are reportedly associated with BrS, indicating functional importance of respective contacts. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that loss of function of NaV1.5 or decrease of the channel activity is involved in the pathogenesis of BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey V Karpushev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Viola D Vavilova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatyana Tulintseva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia S Yudina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Vasichkina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8K 4K1, Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russian Federation
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
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Fehrentz T, Huber FME, Hartrampf N, Bruegmann T, Frank JA, Fine NHF, Malan D, Danzl JG, Tikhonov DB, Sumser M, Sasse P, Hodson DJ, Zhorov BS, Klöcker N, Trauner D. Author Correction: Optical control of L-type Ca 2+ channels using a diltiazem photoswitch. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:360. [PMID: 33514938 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Fehrentz
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Florian M E Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,Roche Diagnostics GmbH, DXRERA, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johann G Danzl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Martin Sumser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. The pore domain in glutamate-gated ion channels: Structure, drug binding and similarity with potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183401. [PMID: 32562696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the CNS excitatory synapses of vertebrates are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Decades of intensive studies greatly advanced our understanding of molecular organization of these transmembrane proteins. Here we focus on the channel pore domain, its selectivity filter and the activation gate, and the pore block by organic ligands. We compare findings from indirect experimental approaches, including site-directed mutagenesis, with recent crystal and cryo-EM structures of different channels in different functional states and complexed with different ligands. We summarize remaining uncertainties and unresolved problems related to the channel structure, function and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Tikhonov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Prospect, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Prospect, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4K1, Canada
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18
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Yan R, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Zhu G, Dong K, Zhorov BS, Chen M. Three sodium channel mutations from Aedes albopictus confer resistance to Type I, but not Type II pyrethroids. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 123:103411. [PMID: 32450204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are the major targets of several classes of insecticides, including pyrethroids. However, sensitivities of many insect pest species to pyrethroids have gradually decreased due to overuse in pest management programs. One major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance known as knockdown resistance (kdr) involves mutations in the sodium channel gene. Three new mutations in helix IIIS6 of sodium channel (I1532T and F1534S/L) are recently detected in several pyrethroid-resistant populations of Aedes albopictus. The roles of these mutations in pyrethroid resistance have not been functionally examined. We introduced mutations I1532T and F1534S/L alone or in combination into the pyrethroid-sensitive sodium channel AaNav1-1 from Aedes aegypti by site-directed mutagenesis and explored effects of these mutations on the channel gating and sensitivity to pyrethroids. No significant modifications in channel properties were detected, except for a slightly changed activation by F1534S and I1532T + F1534S. However, I1532T and F1534S/L substantially reduced the channel sensitivity to Type I pyrethroids, permethrin and bifenthrin, but not to two Type II pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The double mutations did not increase the channel resistance to permethrin or bifenthrin. We have built a Nav1.4-based homology model of the AaNav1-1 channel and docked pyrethroids in the model to explain different sensitivities of the mutants to Type I and Type II pyrethroids. The results will assist in developing molecular markers for monitoring pest resistance to pyrethroids. They also provide new insight in the molecular basis of different action of Type I and Type II pyrethroids on sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Zhanyi Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Mengli Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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19
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Zaucha J, Heinzinger M, Kulandaisamy A, Kataka E, Salvádor ÓL, Popov P, Rost B, Gromiha MM, Zhorov BS, Frishman D. Mutations in transmembrane proteins: diseases, evolutionary insights, prediction and comparison with globular proteins. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5872174. [PMID: 32672331 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are unique in that they interact with lipid bilayers, making them indispensable for transporting molecules and relaying signals between and across cells. Due to the significance of the protein's functions, mutations often have profound effects on the fitness of the host. This is apparent both from experimental studies, which implicated numerous missense variants in diseases, as well as from evolutionary signals that allow elucidating the physicochemical constraints that intermembrane and aqueous environments bring. In this review, we report on the current state of knowledge acquired on missense variants (referred to as to single amino acid variants) affecting membrane proteins as well as the insights that can be extrapolated from data already available. This includes an overview of the annotations for membrane protein variants that have been collated within databases dedicated to the topic, bioinformatics approaches that leverage evolutionary information in order to shed light on previously uncharacterized membrane protein structures or interaction interfaces, tools for predicting the effects of mutations tailored specifically towards the characteristics of membrane proteins as well as two clinically relevant case studies explaining the implications of mutated membrane proteins in cancer and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zaucha
- Department of Bioinformatics of the TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan in Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Heinzinger
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the TUM Faculty of Informatics in Garching, Germany
| | - A Kulandaisamy
- Department of Biotechnology of the IIT Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences in Madras, India
| | - Evans Kataka
- Department of Bioinformatics of the TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan in Freising, Germany
| | - Óscar Llorian Salvádor
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the TUM Faculty of Informatics in Garching, Germany
| | - Petr Popov
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering of the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology in Moscow, Russia
| | - Burkhard Rost
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the TUM Faculty of Informatics in Garching, Germany
| | | | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics at the TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan in Freising, Germany
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20
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Tikhonov DB, Lin L, Yang DSC, Yuchi Z, Zhorov BS. Phenylalkylamines in calcium channels: computational analysis of experimental structures. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1157-1169. [PMID: 32648151 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental 3D structures of calcium channels with phenylalkylamines (PAAs) provide basis for further analysis of atomic mechanisms of these important cardiovascular drugs. In the crystal structure of the engineered calcium channel CavAb with Br-verapamil and in the cryo-EM structure of the Cav1.1 channel with verapamil, the ligands bind in the inner pore. However, there are significant differences between these structures. In the crystal structure the ligand ammonium group is much closer to the ion in the selectivity-filter region Site 3, which is most proximal to the inner pore, than in the cryo-EM structure. Here we used Monte Carlo energy minimizations to dock PAAs in calcium channels. Our computations suggest that in the crystal structure Site 3 is occupied by a water molecule rather than by a calcium ion. Analysis of the published electron density map does not rule out this possibility. In the cryo-EM structures the ammonium group of verapamil is shifted from the calcium ion in Site 3 either along the pore axis, towards the cytoplasm or away from the axis. Our unbiased docking reproduced these binding modes. However, in the cryo-EM structures detergent and lipid molecules interact with verapamil. When we removed these molecules, the nitrile group of verapamil bound to the calcium ion in Site 3. Models of Cav1.2 with different PAAs suggest similar binding modes and direct contacts of the ligands electronegative atoms with the calcium ion in Site 3. Such interactions explain paradoxes in structure-activity relationships of PAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daniel S C Yang
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197341
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197341.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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21
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Chen M, Du Y, Nomura Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Chronology of sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 104:e21686. [PMID: 32378259 PMCID: PMC8060125 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Current strategies to control Ae. aegypti rely heavily on insecticide interventions. Pyrethroids are a major class of insecticides used for mosquito control because of their fast acting, highly insecticidal activities and low mammalian toxicity. However, Ae. aegypti populations around the world have begun to develop resistance to pyrethroids. So far, more than a dozen mutations in the sodium channel gene have been reported to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti. Co-occurrence of resistance-associated mutations is common in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations. As global use of pyrethroids in mosquito control continues, new pyrethroid-resistant mutations keep emerging. In this microreview, we compile pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in Ae. aegypti in a chronological order, as they were reported, and summarize findings from functional evaluation of these mutations in an in vitro sodium channel expression system. We hope that the information will be useful for tracing possible evolution of pyrethroid resistance in this important human disease vector, in addition to the development of methods for global monitoring and management of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of life sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Du
- USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Pest Research Unit, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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22
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Tikhonov DB, Lin L, Yang DS, Yuchi Z, Zhorov BS. Phenylakylamines in Calcium Channels. Experimental Structures and Computational Models. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Tarnovskaya SI, Korkosh VS, Zhorov BS, Frishman D. Predicting novel disease mutations in the cardiac sodium channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:603-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Finol-Urdaneta RK, McArthur JR, Korkosh VS, Huang S, McMaster D, Glavica R, Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS, French RJ. Extremely Potent Block of Bacterial Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels by µ-Conotoxin PIIIA. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090510. [PMID: 31470595 PMCID: PMC6780087 DOI: 10.3390/md17090510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
µ-Conotoxin PIIIA, in the sub-picomolar, range inhibits the archetypal bacterial sodium channel NaChBac (NavBh) in a voltage- and use-dependent manner. Peptide µ-conotoxins were first recognized as potent components of the venoms of fish-hunting cone snails that selectively inhibit voltage-gated skeletal muscle sodium channels, thus preventing muscle contraction. Intriguingly, computer simulations predicted that PIIIA binds to prokaryotic channel NavAb with much higher affinity than to fish (and other vertebrates) skeletal muscle sodium channel (Nav 1.4). Here, using whole-cell voltage clamp, we demonstrate that PIIIA inhibits NavBac mediated currents even more potently than predicted. From concentration-response data, with [PIIIA] varying more than 6 orders of magnitude (10−12 to 10−5 M), we estimated an IC50 = ~5 pM, maximal block of 0.95 and a Hill coefficient of 0.81 for the inhibition of peak currents. Inhibition was stronger at depolarized holding potentials and was modulated by the frequency and duration of the stimulation pulses. An important feature of the PIIIA action was acceleration of macroscopic inactivation. Docking of PIIIA in a NaChBac (NavBh) model revealed two interconvertible binding modes. In one mode, PIIIA sterically and electrostatically blocks the permeation pathway. In a second mode, apparent stabilization of the inactivated state was achieved by PIIIA binding between P2 helices and trans-membrane S5s from adjacent channel subunits, partially occluding the outer pore. Together, our experimental and computational results suggest that, besides blocking the channel-mediated currents by directly occluding the conducting pathway, PIIIA may also change the relative populations of conducting (activated) and non-conducting (inactivated) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 0254-9110, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Vyacheslav S Korkosh
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Denis McMaster
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robert Glavica
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4K1, Canada
| | - Robert J French
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Zaytseva AK, Karpushev AV, Kiselev AM, Mikhaylov EN, Lebedev DS, Zhorov BS, Kostareva AA. Characterization of a novel SCN5A genetic variant A1294G associated with mixed clinical phenotype. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:777-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang J, Hao W, Zhorov BS, Dong K, Jiang D. Discovery of a Novel Series of Tricyclic Oxadiazine 4a-Methyl Esters Based on Indoxacarb as Potential Sodium Channel Blocker/Modulator Insecticides. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7793-7809. [PMID: 31274315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indoxacarb, a commercialized oxadiazine insecticide, nearly irreversibly blocks open/inactivated, but not resting sodium channels. The structure-activity relationships showed that the substituents at the position of the chiral atom in the oxadiazine ring are very important to the biological activity of oxadiazine insecticide. Here we synthesized a series of tricyclic oxadiazine 4a-methyl ester derivatives. The chiral atom in the oxadiazine ring has been epimerized and substituted with either pyrethric acid or cinnamic acid derivatives. Benzene ring in the tricyclic moiety was substituted with a chlorine, fluorine, or bromine atom, and nitrogen-linked benzene ring was substituted with a trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy group. Toxicity of these compounds against Spodoptera litura F. was evaluated. Diastereoisomers of most toxic compounds J7 and J9 with pyrethric acid moiety were separated by flash column chromatography. The more polar diastereoisomers, J7-L-Rf and J9-L-Rf, and compounds J24 and J26 with cinnamic acid moiety exhibited highest insecticidal activities. We further used Monte Carlo energy minimizations to dock compound J7 and J24 in the NavMs-based homology model of the open cockroach sodium channel. In the low-energy binding modes, the compound interacted with residues in the inner pore and domain interfaces, which previously were proposed to contribute to receptors of pyrethroids and sodium channel blocker insecticides. Our results define compound J7 and J24 as a potentially useful optimized hit for the development of multiple sites sodium channel blocker or modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS , St. Petersburg , Russia
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
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Chen M, Du Y, Wu S, Nomura Y, Zhu G, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Molecular evidence of sequential evolution of DDT- and pyrethroid-resistant sodium channel in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007432. [PMID: 31158225 PMCID: PMC6564045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides in a major human disease vector Aedes aegypti. One mutation, V1016G, confers sodium channel resistance to pyrethroids, but a different substitution in the same position V1016I alone had no effect. In pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations, V1016I is often linked to another mutation, F1534C, which confers sodium channel resistance only to Type I pyrethroids including permethrin (PMT), but not to Type II pyrethroids including deltamethrin (DMT). Mosquitoes carrying both V1016G and F1534C exhibited a greater level of pyrethroid resistance than those carrying F1534C alone. More recently, a new mutation T1520I co-existing with F1534C was detected in India. However, whether V1016I or T1520I enhances pyrethroid resistance of sodium channels carrying F1534C remains unknown. Methodology/Principal findings V1016I, V1016G, T1520I and F1534C substitutions were introduced alone and in various combinations into AaNav1-1, a sodium channel from Aedes aegypti. The mutant channels were then expressed in Xenopus oocytes and examined for channel properties and sensitivity to pyrethroids using the two-electrode voltage clamping technique. The results showed that V1016I or T1520I alone did not alter the AaNav1-1 sensitivity to PMT or DMT. However, the double mutant T1520I+F1534C was more resistant to PMT than F1534C, but remained sensitive to DMT. In contrast, the double mutant V1016I+F1534C was resistant to DMT and more resistant to PMT than F1534C. Furthermore, V1016I/G and F1534C channels, but not T1520I, were resistant to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Cryo-EM structures of sodium channels suggest that T1520I allosterically deforms geometry of the pyrethroid receptor site PyR1 in AaNav1-1. The small deformation does not affect binding of DDT, PMT or DMT, but in combination with F1534C it increases the channel resistance to PMT and DDT. Conclusions/Significance Our data corroborated the previously proposed sequential selection of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti. We proposed that mutation F1534C first emerged in response to DDT/pyrethroids providing a platform for subsequent selection of mutations V1016I and T1520I that confer greater and broader spectrum of pyrethroid resistance. Intensive use of pyrethroids has led to the selection of resistance in mosquitoes, and knockdown resistance (kdr) is one of the major mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance. So far, eleven kdr mutations were identified to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti. Among the mutations, the V1016I and T1520I substitutions were found to be associated with F1534C but rarely found alone. F1534C confers sodium channel resistance to Type I pyrethroids including permethrin (PMT). However, whether V1016I or T1520I enhances the F1534C-mediated sodium channel resistance remain unknown. In this study, our electrophysiological results confirmed their involvement in kdr and corroborate the previously proposed sequential selection of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti: F1534C likely emerged first in response to DDT and/or pyrethroids, whereas V1016I and T1520I appeared later under more intensive selection from pyrethroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
| | - Shaoying Wu
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B. Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Korkosh VS, Kiselev AM, Mikhaylov EN, Kostareva AA, Zhorov BS. Atomic Mechanisms of Timothy Syndrome-Associated Mutations in Calcium Channel Cav1.2. Front Physiol 2019; 10:335. [PMID: 30984024 PMCID: PMC6449482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Timothy syndrome (TS) is a very rare multisystem disorder almost exclusively associated with mutations G402S and G406R in helix IS6 of Cav1.2. Recently, mutations R518C/H in helix IIS0 of the voltage sensing domain II (VSD-II) were described as a cause of cardiac-only TS. The three mutations are known to decelerate voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI). Here, we report a case of cardiac-only TS caused by mutation R518C. To explore possible impact of the three mutations on interdomain contacts, we modeled channel Cav1.2 using as templates Class Ia and Class II cryo-EM structures of presumably inactivated channel Cav1.1. In both models, R518 and several other residues in VSD-II donated H-bonds to the IS6-linked α1-interaction domain (AID). We further employed steered Monte Carlo energy minimizations to move helices S4–S5, S5, and S6 from the inactivated-state positions to those seen in the X-ray structures of the open and closed NavAb channel. In the open-state models, positions of AID and VSD-II were similar to those in Cav1.1. In the closed-state models, AID moved along the β subunit (Cavβ) toward the pore axis and shifted AID-bound VSD-II. In all the models R518 retained strong contacts with AID. Our calculations suggest that conformational changes in VSD-II upon its deactivation would shift AID along Cavβ toward the pore axis. The AID-linked IS6 would bend at flexible G402 and G406, facilitating the activation gate closure. Mutations R518C/H weakened the IIS0-AID contacts and would retard the AID shift. Mutations G406R and G402S stabilized the open state and would resist the pore closure. Several Cav1.2 mutations associated with long QT syndromes are consistent with this proposition. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale for the VDI deceleration caused by TS-associated mutations and suggest targets for further studies of calcium channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav S Korkosh
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem M Kiselev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Anna A Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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30
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Korkosh VS, Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Possible Mechanism of Calcium-Dependent Block of L-Type Calcium Channel by Glacontryphan-M. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Finol-Urdaneta RK, McArthur JR, Goldschen-Ohm MP, Gaudet R, Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS, French RJ. Batrachotoxin acts as a stent to hold open homotetrameric prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels. J Gen Physiol 2018; 151:186-199. [PMID: 30587506 PMCID: PMC6363421 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Batrachotoxin (BTX), an alkaloid from skin secretions of dendrobatid frogs, causes paralysis and death by facilitating activation and inhibiting deactivation of eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels, which underlie action potentials in nerve, muscle, and heart. A full understanding of the mechanism by which BTX modifies eukaryotic Nav gating awaits determination of high-resolution structures of functional toxin-channel complexes. Here, we investigate the action of BTX on the homotetrameric prokaryotic Nav channels NaChBac and NavSp1. By combining mutational analysis and whole-cell patch clamp with molecular and kinetic modeling, we show that BTX hinders deactivation and facilitates activation in a use-dependent fashion. Our molecular model shows the horseshoe-shaped BTX molecule bound within the open pore, forming hydrophobic H-bonds and cation-π contacts with the pore-lining helices, leaving space for partially dehydrated sodium ions to permeate through the hydrophilic inner surface of the horseshoe. We infer that bulky BTX, bound at the level of the gating-hinge residues, prevents the S6 rearrangements that are necessary for closure of the activation gate. Our results reveal general similarities to, and differences from, BTX actions on eukaryotic Nav channels, whose major subunit is a single polypeptide formed by four concatenated, homologous, nonidentical domains that form a pseudosymmetric pore. Our determination of the mechanism by which BTX activates homotetrameric voltage-gated channels reveals further similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic Nav channels and emphasizes the tractability of bacterial Nav channels as models of voltage-dependent ion channel gating. The results contribute toward a deeper, atomic-level understanding of use-dependent natural and synthetic Nav channel agonists and antagonists, despite their overlapping binding motifs on the channel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R McArthur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biological Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J French
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Chen M, Du Y, Zhu G, Takamatsu G, Ihara M, Matsuda K, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Action of six pyrethrins purified from the botanical insecticide pyrethrum on cockroach sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 151:82-89. [PMID: 30704718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, cinerin I, cinerin II, jasmolin I and jasmolin II are six closely related insecticidal active esters, known as pyrethrins, found in the pyrethrum extract from the dry flowers of Tanacetum cinerariifolium. The chemical structures of the six compounds differ only in the terminal moieties at the acid and alcohol ends, but the compounds' in vivo toxicities are substantially different. Pyrethrins are lead compounds for pyrethroids, a large family of synthetic insecticides that alter nerve functions by prolonging the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. However, data on the mechanism of action of natural pyrethrins are very limited. In this study, we examined the actions of all six pyrethrins on cockroach sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Although the six compounds showed comparable potencies in inhibiting the inactivation of sodium channels, they had greatly variable potencies in inhibiting channel deactivation. Furthermore, unlike pyrethroids, the action of pyrethrins neither depend on nor were enhanced by repeated channel activation. We created a NavMs-based model of the cockroach sodium channel, in which pyrethrin II was docked at the pyrethroid receptor site 1 (PyR1), and proposed a rationale for the observed structure-activity relationship of the six pyrethrins. Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism of pyrethrum action on sodium channels and reveled differences in the modes of action of the six bioactive constitutes of pyrethrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Genki Takamatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Ihara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Predicting Structural Details of the Sodium Channel Pore Basing on Animal Toxin Studies. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:880. [PMID: 30131702 PMCID: PMC6090064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels play key roles in physiology and are targets for many toxins and medically important drugs. Physiology, pharmacology, and general architecture of the channels has long been the subject of intensive research in academia and industry. In particular, animal toxins such as tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, and conotoxins have been used as molecular probes of the channel structure. More recently, X-ray structures of potassium and prokaryotic sodium channels allowed elaborating models of the toxin-channel complexes that integrated data from biophysical, electrophysiological, and mutational studies. Atomic level cryo-EM structures of eukaryotic sodium channels, which became available in 2017, show that the selectivity filter structure and other important features of the pore domain have been correctly predicted. This validates further employments of toxins and other small molecules as sensitive probes of fine structural details of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Fehrentz T, Huber FME, Hartrampf N, Bruegmann T, Frank JA, Fine NHF, Malan D, Danzl JG, Tikhonov DB, Sumser M, Sasse P, Hodson DJ, Zhorov BS, Klöcker N, Trauner D. Optical control of L-type Ca 2+ channels using a diltiazem photoswitch. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:764-767. [PMID: 30013061 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) play a crucial role in excitation-contraction coupling and release of hormones from secretory cells. They are targets of antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs such as diltiazem. Here, we present a photoswitchable diltiazem, FHU-779, which can be used to reversibly block endogenous LTCCs by light. FHU-779 is as potent as diltiazem and can be used to place pancreatic β-cell function and cardiac activity under optical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Fehrentz
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Florian M E Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,Roche Diagnostics GmbH, DXRERA, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johann G Danzl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Martin Sumser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Munich, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Du Y, Tikhonov DB, Nomura Y, Dong K, Zhorov BS. Mutational analysis of state-dependent contacts in the pore module of eukaryotic sodium channels. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 652:59-70. [PMID: 29936083 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels have residues that change or may change contacts upon gating. Contributions of individual contacts in stability of different states are incompletely understood. Pore-lining inner helices contain exceptionally conserved asparagines in positions i20. Here we explored how mutations in positions i20 and i29 affect electrophysiological properties of insect sodium channels. In repeat interfaces I/IV, III/II and IV/III, alanine substitutions caused positive activation shifts in positions i20 and i29, negative shifts of slow inactivation in positions i20 and positive shifts of slow inactivation in positions i29. The results support the hypothesis on open state inter-repeat H-bonding of residues i20 and i29. The shift magnitudes vary between interfaces, reflecting structural asymmetry of the channels. Mutations in positions i20 of repeats III and IV caused much longer recovery delay from the slow and fast inactivation than other mutations. In repeat IV, alanine substitution of tyrosine i30 rescued positive activation shift of mutation in position i29. Our data suggest that polar residues in positions i29 are involved in stabilization of both the open and slow-inactivated states. Transition between the states may involve switching of H-bonding partners of residues i29 from the conserved asparagines to currently unknown residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Sequence and 3D Alignments of the Pore-Lining Helices in P-Loop Channels Reveal their Conserved and Variable Features. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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37
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Abstract
The family of P-loop channels, which play key roles in the cell physiology, is characterized by four membrane re-entering extracellular P-loops that connect eight transmembrane helices of the pore-forming domain. The X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the open- and closed-state channels show conserved state-dependent folding despite the sequences are very diverse. In sodium, calcium, TRPV and two-pore channels, the pore-lining helices contain conserved asparagines and may or may not include π-helix bulges. Comparison of the sequence- and 3D-alignemnts suggests that the asparagines appeared in evolution as insertions that are accommodated in two ways: by π-helix bulges, which preserve most of inter-segment contacts, or by twists of the C-terminal thirds and switch of inter-segment contacts. The two possibilities should be considered in homology modeling of ion channels and in structure-based interpretations of numerous experimental data on physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology and toxicology of the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Tikhonov
- a Department of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes , Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- a Department of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes , Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Maleeva G, Peiretti F, Zhorov BS, Bregestovski P. Voltage-Dependent Inhibition of Glycine Receptor Channels by Niflumic Acid. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:125. [PMID: 28559795 PMCID: PMC5432571 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Niflumic acid (NFA) is a member of the fenamate class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This compound and its derivatives are used worldwide clinically for the relief of chronic and acute pain. NFA is also a commonly used blocker of voltage-gated chloride channels. Here we present evidence that NFA is an efficient blocker of chloride-permeable glycine receptors (GlyRs) with subunit heterogeneity of action. Using the whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp recordings and molecular modeling, we analyzed the action of NFA on homomeric α1ΔIns, α2B, α3L, and heteromeric α1β and α2β GlyRs expressed in CHO cells. NFA inhibited glycine-induced currents in a voltage-dependent manner and its blocking potency in α2 and α3 GlyRs was higher than that in α1 GlyR. The Woodhull analysis suggests that NFA blocks α1 and α2 GlyRs at the fractional electrical distances of 0.16 and 0.65 from the external membrane surface, respectively. Thus, NFA binding site in α1 GlyR is closer to the external part of the membrane, while in α2 GlyR it is significantly deeper in the pore. Mutation G254A at the cytoplasmic part of the α1 GlyR pore-lining TM2 helix (level 2') increased the NFA blocking potency, while incorporation of the β subunit did not have a significant effect. The Hill plot analysis suggests that α1 and α2 GlyRs are preferably blocked by two and one NFA molecules, respectively. Molecular modeling using Monte Carlo energy minimizations provides the structural rationale for the experimental data and proposes more than one interaction site along the pore where NFA can suppress the ion permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Maleeva
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of PhysiologyKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Franck Peiretti
- INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, NORT, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Piotr Bregestovski
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,Department of Physiology, Kazan State Medical UniversityKazan, Russia
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Chen M, Du Y, Nomura Y, Zhu G, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Alanine to valine substitutions in the pore helix IIIP1 and linker-helix IIIL45 confer cockroach sodium channel resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:197-206. [PMID: 27328896 PMCID: PMC5731473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides exert toxic effects by prolonging the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. More than 20 sodium channel mutations from arthropod pests and disease vectors have been confirmed to confer pyrethroid resistance. These mutations have been valuable in elucidating the molecular interaction between pyrethroids and sodium channels, including identification of two pyrethroid receptor sites. Previously, two alanine to valine substitutions, one in the pore helix IIIP1 and the other in the linker-helix connecting S4 and S5 in domain III (IIIL45), were found in Drosophila melanogaster mutants that are resistant to DDT and deltamethrin (a type II pyrethroid with an α-cyano group at the phenylbenzyl alcohol position, which is lacking in type I pyrethroids), but their role in target-site-mediated insecticide resistance has not been functionally confirmed. In this study, we functionally examined the two mutations in cockroach sodium channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Both mutations caused depolarizing shifts in the voltage dependence of activation, conferred DDT resistance and also resistance to two Type I pyrethroids by almost abolishing the tail currents induced by Type I pyrethroids. In contrast, neither mutation reduced the amplitude of tail currents induced by the Type II pyrethroids, deltamethrin or cypermethrin. However, both mutations accelerated the decay of Type II pyrethroid-induced tail currents, which normally decay extremely slowly. These results provided new insight into the molecular basis of different actions of Type I and Type II pyrethroids on sodium channels. Computer modeling predicts that both mutations may allosterically affect pyrethroid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA.
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Zhorov BS, Dong K. Elucidation of pyrethroid and DDT receptor sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:171-177. [PMID: 27567732 PMCID: PMC5730328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DDT and pyrethroid insecticides were among the earliest neurotoxins identified to act on voltage-gated sodium channels. In the 1960s, equipped with, at the time, new voltage-clamp techniques, Professor Narahashi and associates provided the initial evidence that DDT and allethrin (the first commercial pyrethroid insecticide) caused prolonged flow of sodium currents in lobster and squid giant axons. Over the next several decades, continued efforts by Prof. Narahashi's group as well as other laboratories led to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of DDT and pyrethroids on sodium channels. Fast forward to the 1990s, genetic, pharmacological and toxicological data all further confirmed voltage-gated sodium channels as the primary targets of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Modifications of the gating kinetics of sodium channels by these insecticides result in repetitive firing and/or membrane depolarization in the nervous system. This mini-review focuses on studies from Prof. Narahashi's pioneer work and more recent mutational and computational modeling analyses which collectively elucidated the elusive pyrethroid receptor sites as well as the molecular basis of differential sensitivities of insect and mammalian sodium channels to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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41
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Mechanism of sodium channel block by local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, and anticonvulsants. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:465-481. [PMID: 28258204 PMCID: PMC5379917 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, and anticonvulsants include both charged and electroneutral compounds that block voltage-gated sodium channels. Prior studies have revealed a common drug-binding region within the pore, but details about the binding sites and mechanism of block remain unclear. Here, we use the x-ray structure of a prokaryotic sodium channel, NavMs, to model a eukaryotic channel and dock representative ligands. These include lidocaine, QX-314, cocaine, quinidine, lamotrigine, carbamazepine (CMZ), phenytoin, lacosamide, sipatrigine, and bisphenol A. Preliminary calculations demonstrated that a sodium ion near the selectivity filter attracts electroneutral CMZ but repels cationic lidocaine. Therefore, we further docked electroneutral and cationic drugs with and without a sodium ion, respectively. In our models, all the drugs interact with a phenylalanine in helix IVS6. Electroneutral drugs trap a sodium ion in the proximity of the selectivity filter, and this same site attracts the charged group of cationic ligands. At this position, even small drugs can block the permeation pathway by an electrostatic or steric mechanism. Our study proposes a common pharmacophore for these diverse drugs. It includes a cationic moiety and an aromatic moiety, which are usually linked by four bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
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Chen M, Du Y, Nomura Y, Zhu G, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Mutations of two acidic residues at the cytoplasmic end of segment IIIS6 of an insect sodium channel have distinct effects on pyrethroid resistance. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 82:1-10. [PMID: 28111191 PMCID: PMC5730327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in sodium channels are known to confer knockdown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, such as permethrin and cypermethrin, in various agricultural pests and disease vectors. Double mutations, D3i28V and E3i32G, were detected in cypermethrin-resistant Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens populations. However, the role of the two mutations in pyrethroid resistance remains unclear. In this study, we introduced the mutations into the cockroach sodium channel, BgNav1-1a, and examined their effects on channel gating and pyrethroid sensitivity in Xenopus oocytes. D3i28V alone and the double mutation, D3i28V/E3i32G, shifted the voltage dependence of activation in the depolarizing direction by 15 mV and 20 mV, respectively, whereas E3i32G had no significant effect. D3i28V reduced the amplitude of tail currents induced by permethrin and NRDC 157 (Type I pyrethroids) and deltamethrin and cypermethrin (Type II pyrethroids), whereas E3i32G alone had no effect. Intriguingly, the amplitude of Type II pyrethroid-induced tail current from D3i28V/E3i32G channels was similar to that of BgNav1-1a channels, but the decay of the tail currents was accelerated. Such effects were not observed for Type I pyrethroid-induced tail currents. Computational analysis based on the model of dual pyrethroid receptors on insect sodium channels predicted D3i28V and E3i32G exert their effects on channel gating and pyrethroid action via allosteric mechanisms. Our results not only illustrate the distinct effect of the D3i28V/E3i32G double mutations on Type I vs. Type II pyrethroids, but also reinforce the concept that accelerated decay of tail currents can be an effective mechanism of pyrethroid resistance to Type II pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA.
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. The Sodium Ion Binding Region at the Focus of P1 Helices Attracts both Charged and Electroneutral Ligands of Sodium Channels. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Silver K, Dong K, Zhorov BS. Molecular Mechanism of Action and Selectivity of Sodium Ch annel Blocker Insecticides. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:2912-2924. [PMID: 27993108 PMCID: PMC5730267 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666161216143844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs) are a relatively new class of insecticides that are represented by two commercially registered compounds, indoxacarb and metaflumizone. SCBIs, like pyrethroids and DDT, target voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) to intoxicate insects. In contrast to pyrethroids, however, SCBIs inhibit VGSCs at a distinct receptor site that overlaps those of therapeutic inhibitors of sodium channels, such as local anesthetics, anticonvulsants and antiarrhythmics. This review will recount the development of the SCBI insecticide class from its roots as chitin synthesis inhibitors, discuss the symptoms of poisoning and evidence supporting inhibition of VGSCs as their mechanism of action, describe the current model for SCBI-induced inhibition of VGSCs, present a model for the receptor for SCBIs on VGSCs, and highlight differences between data collected from mammalian and insect experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Zhang Y, Du Y, Jiang D, Behnke C, Nomura Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. The Receptor Site and Mechanism of Action of Sodium Channel Blocker Insecticides. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20113-24. [PMID: 27489108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.742056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium channels are excellent targets of both natural and synthetic insecticides with high insect selectivity. Indoxacarb, its active metabolite DCJW, and metaflumizone (MFZ) belong to a relatively new class of sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs) with a mode of action distinct from all other sodium channel-targeting insecticides, including pyrethroids. Electroneutral SCBIs preferably bind to and trap sodium channels in the inactivated state, a mechanism similar to that of cationic local anesthetics. Previous studies identified several SCBI-sensing residues that face the inner pore of sodium channels. However, the receptor site of SCBIs, their atomic mechanisms, and the cause of selective toxicity of MFZ remain elusive. Here, we have built a homology model of the open-state cockroach sodium channel BgNav1-1a. Our computations predicted that SCBIs bind in the inner pore, interact with a sodium ion at the focus of P1 helices, and extend their aromatic moiety into the III/IV domain interface (fenestration). Using model-driven mutagenesis and electrophysiology, we identified five new SCBI-sensing residues, including insect-specific residues. Our study proposes the first three-dimensional models of channel-bound SCBIs, sheds light on the molecular basis of MFZ selective toxicity, and suggests that a sodium ion located in the inner pore contributes to the receptor site for electroneutral SCBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- From the College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China, the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Yuzhe Du
- the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Caitlyn Behnke
- the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada, and the Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824,
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Rossokhin AV, Zhorov BS. Side chain flexibility and the pore dimensions in the GABAA receptor. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:559-67. [PMID: 27460059 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Permeation of ions through open channels and their accessibility to pore-targeting drugs depend on the pore cross-sectional dimensions, which are known only for static X-ray and cryo-EM structures. Here, we have built homology models of the closed, open and desensitized α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor (GABAAR). The models are based, respectively, on the X-ray structure of α3 glycine receptor (α3 GlyR), cryo-EM structure of α1 GlyR and X-ray structure of β3 GABAAR. We employed Monte Carlo energy minimizations to explore how the pore lumen may increase due to repulsions of flexible side chains from a variable-diameter electroneutral atom (an expanding sphere) pulled through the pore. The expanding sphere computations predicted that the pore diameter averaged along the permeation pathway is larger by approximately 3 Å than that computed for the models with fixed sidechains. Our models predict three major pore constrictions located at the levels of -2', 9' and 20' residues. Residues around the -2' and 9' rings are known to form the desensitization and activation gates of GABAAR. Our computations predict that the 20' ring may also serve as GABAAR gate whose physiological role is unclear. The side chain flexibility of residues -2', 9' and 20' and hence the dimensions of the constrictions depend on the GABAAR functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Rossokhin
- Research Center of Neurology, RAS, by-str. Obukha 5, Moscow, Russia, 105064.
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Syrbe S, Zhorov BS, Bertsche A, Bernhard MK, Hornemann F, Mütze U, Hoffmann J, Hörtnagel K, Kiess W, Hirsch FW, Lemke JR, Merkenschlager A. Phenotypic Variability from Benign Infantile Epilepsy to Ohtahara Syndrome Associated with a Novel Mutation in SCN2A. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:182-188. [PMID: 27781028 DOI: 10.1159/000447526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SCN2A have been associated with benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures (BFNIS) as well as infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy, such as Ohtahara syndrome (OS). We describe a family with 3 affected individuals carrying the novel SCN2A missense variant c.1147C>G, p.Q383E affecting a residue proximal to the highly conserved selectivity filter in the P-loop of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.2). All 3 individuals presented with seizures in early infancy. However, there were striking differences in the spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from BFNIS to OS. A change of ion selectivity of Nav1.2 is considered to be the potential pathomechanism underlying this Nav1.2 channel dysfunction. The observation of benign and severe phenotypes due to an identical mutation within one family contradicts the hypothesis of different modes of inheritance as a mandatory feature discriminating BFNIS from SCN2A encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Astrid Bertsche
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias K Bernhard
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Hornemann
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mütze
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Wieland Kiess
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franz W Hirsch
- Department of Imaging and Radiotherapy, Section Pediatric Radiology, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
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48
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Korkosh VS, Zhorov BS, Tikhonov DB. [MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF ION CHANNELS: AMINO ACID SEQUENCES AND 3D STRUCTURES]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 2016; 52:26-33. [PMID: 27220237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An integral part of modern evolutionary biology is comparative analysis of structure and function of macromolecules such as proteins. The first and critical step to understand evolution of homologous proteins is their amino acid sequence alignment. However, standard algorithms fop not provide unambiguous sequence alignments for proteins of poor homology. More reliable results can be obtained by comparing experimental 3D structures obtained at atomic resolution, for instance, with the aid of X-ray structural analysis. If such structures are lacking, homology modeling is used, which may take into account indirect experimental data on functional roles of individual amino-acid residues. An important problem is that the sequence alignment, which reflects genetic modifications, does not necessarily correspond to the functional homology. The latter depends on three-dimensional structures which are critical for natural selection. Since alignment techniques relying only on the analysis of primary structures carry no information on the functional properties of proteins, including 3D structures into consideration is very important. Here we consider several examples involving ion channels and demonstrate that alignment of their three-dimensional structures can significantly improve sequence alignments obtained by traditional methods.
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Du Y, Nomura Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Evidence for Dual Binding Sites for 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in Insect Sodium Channels. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4638-48. [PMID: 26637352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), the first organochlorine insecticide, and pyrethroid insecticides are sodium channel agonists. Although the use of DDT is banned in most of the world due to its detrimental impact on the ecosystem, indoor residual spraying of DDT is still recommended for malaria control in Africa. Development of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids is a serious global obstacle for managing disease vectors. Mapping DDT binding sites is necessary for understanding mechanisms of resistance and modulation of sodium channels by structurally different ligands. The pioneering model of the housefly sodium channel visualized the first receptor for pyrethroids, PyR1, in the II/III domain interface and suggested that DDT binds within PyR1. Previously, we proposed the second pyrethroid receptor, PyR2, at the I/II domain interface. However, whether DDT binds to both pyrethroid receptor sites remains unknown. Here, using computational docking of DDT into the Kv1.2-based mosquito sodium channel model, we predict that two DDT molecules can bind simultaneously within PyR1 and PyR2. The bulky trichloromethyl group of each DDT molecule fits snugly between four helices in the bent domain interface, whereas two p-chlorophenyl rings extend into two wings of the interface. Model-driven mutagenesis and electrophysiological analysis confirmed these propositions and revealed 10 previously unknown DDT-sensing residues within PyR1 and PyR2. Our study proposes a dual DDT-receptor model and provides a structural background for rational development of new insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Du
- From the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- From the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada, and the Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- From the Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824,
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Jiang D, Du Y, Nomura Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Mutations in the transmembrane helix S6 of domain IV confer cockroach sodium channel resistance to sodium channel blocker insecticides and local anesthetics. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 66:88-95. [PMID: 26407935 PMCID: PMC5739882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoxacarb and metaflumizone are two sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs). They preferably bind to and trap sodium channels in the slow-inactivated non-conducting state, a mode of action similar to that of local anesthetics (LAs). Recently, two sodium channel mutations, F1845Y (F(4i15)Y) and V1848I (V(4i18)I), in the transmembrane segment 6 of domain IV (IVS6), were identified to be associated with indoxacarb resistance in Plutella xylostella. F(4i15) is known to be critical for the action of LAs on mammalian sodium channels. Previously, mutation F(4i15)A in a cockroach sodium channel, BgNav1-1a, has been shown to reduce the action of lidocaine, a LA, but not the action of SCBIs. In this study, we introduced mutations F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)A/I individually into the cockroach sodium channel, BgNav1-1a, and conducted functional analysis of the three mutants in Xenopus oocytes. We found that both the F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)I mutations reduced the inhibition of sodium current by indoxacarb, DCJW (an active metabolite of indoxacarb) and metaflumizone. F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)I mutations also reduced the use-dependent block of sodium current by lidocaine. In contrast, substitution V(4i18)A enhanced the action metaflumizone and lidocaine. These results show that both F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)I mutations may contribute to target-site resistance to SCBIs, and provide the first molecular evidence for common amino acid determinants on insect sodium channels involved in action of SCBIs and LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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