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Teli G, Pal R, Maji L, Purawarga Matada GS, Sengupta S. Explanatory review on pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents targeting Src kinase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1582-1614. [PMID: 37144746 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2205943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine ring systems play vital roles to inhibit the c-Src kinase. The Src kinase is made of different domains but the kinase domain is responsible for inhibition of Src kinase. In which the kinase domain is the main domain that is made of several amino acids. The Src kinase is inhibited by its inhibitors when it is activated by phosphorylation. Although dysregulation of Src kinase caused cancer in the late nineteenth century, medicinal chemists have not explored it extensively; therefore it is still regarded as a cult pathway. There are numerous FDA-approved drugs on the market, yet novel anticancer drugs are still in demand. Existing medications have adverse effects and drug resistance owing to rapid protein mutation. In this review, we discussed the activation process of Src kinase, chemistry of pyrimidine ring and its different synthetic routes, as well as the recent development in c-Src kinase inhibitors containing pyrimidine and their biological activity, SAR, and selectivity. The c-Src binding pocket has been predicted in detail to discover the vital amino acids which will interact with inhibitors. The potent derivatives were docked to discover the binding pattern. The derivative 2 established three hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues Thr341 and Gln278 and had the greatest binding energy of -13.0 kcal/mol. The top docked molecules were further studied for ADMET studies. The derivative 1, 2, and 43 did not show any violation of Lipinski's rule. All derivatives used for the prediction of toxicity showed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Teli
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Teli G, Pal R, Maji L, Sengupta S, Raghavendra NM, Matada GSP. Medicinal Chemistry Perspectives on Recent Advances in Src Kinase Inhibitors as a Potential Target for the Development of Anticancer Agents: Biological Profile, Selectivity, Structure-Activity Relationship. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300515. [PMID: 37563848 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiological Src proto-oncogene is a protein tyrosine kinase receptor that served as the essential signaling pathway in different types of cancer. Src kinase receptor is divided into different domains: a unique domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a protein tyrosine kinase domain, and a regulatory tail, which runs from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. Src kinase inhibitors bind in the kinase domain and are activated by phosphorylation. The etiology of cancer involved various signaling pathways and Src signaling pathways are also involved in those clusters. Although the dysregulation of Src kinase resulted in cancer being discovered in the late 19th century it is still considered a cult pathway because it is not much explored by different medicinal chemists and oncologists. The Src kinase regulated through different kinase pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, Hippo kinase, PEAK1, and Rho/ROCK pathways) and proceeded downstream signaling to conduct cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. There are numerous FDA-approved drugs flooded the market but still, there is a huge demand for the creation of novel anticancer drugs. As the existing drugs are accompanied by several adverse effects and drug resistance due to rapid mutation in proteins. In this review, we have elaborated about the structure and activation of Src kinase, as well as the development of Src kinase inhibitors. Our group also provided a comprehensive overview of Src inhibitors throughout the last two decades, including their biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and Src kinase selectivity. The Src binding pocket has been investigated in detail to better comprehend the interaction of Src inhibitors with amino acid residues. We have strengthened the literature with our contribution in terms of molecular docking and ADMET studies of top compounds. We hope that the current analysis will be a useful resource for researchers and provide glimpse of direction toward the design and development of more specific, selective, and potent Src kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Teli
- Integrated Drug Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Katoh T. Facile Preparation of 3-Substituted-2,6-difluoropyridines and Application to the Synthesis of 2,3,6-Trisubstituted Pyridines for PKCθ Inhibitors. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Katoh T, Tomata Y, Setoh M, Sasaki S, Takai T, Yoshitomi Y, Yukawa T, Nakagawa H, Fukumoto S, Tsukamoto T, Nakada Y. Practical application of 3-substituted-2,6-difluoropyridines in drug discovery: Facile synthesis of novel protein kinase C theta inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2497-2501. [PMID: 28400232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a facile preparation method of 3-substituted-2,6-difluoropyridines, which were easily converted to 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines by nucleophilic aromatic substitution with good regioselectivity and yield. In this study, we demonstrate the synthetic utility of 3-substituted-2,6-difluoropyridines in drug discovery via their application in the synthesis of various 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines, including macrocyclic derivatives, as novel protein kinase C theta inhibitors in a moderate to good yield. This synthetic approach is useful for the preparation of 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines, which are a popular scaffold for drug candidates and biologically attractive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Katoh
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihide Tomata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Setoh
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Takai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yayoi Yoshitomi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yukawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Guan A, Liu C, Chen W, Yang F, Xie Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Wang M. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship of New Pyrimidinamine Derivatives Containing an Aryloxy Pyridine Moiety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1272-1280. [PMID: 28118711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pyrimidinamine diflumetorim is an ideal template for the discovery of agrochemical lead compounds due to its unique mode of action, novel chemical structure, and lack of reported resistance. To develop a new pyrimidinamine fungicide effective against cucumber downy mildew (CDM), a series of new pyrimidinamine derivatives containing an aryloxy pyridine moiety were designed and synthesized by employing the recently reported intermediate derivatization method (IDM). The structures of all compounds were identified by 1H NMR, elemental analyses, HRMS, and X-ray diffraction. Bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activities against CDM. Compound 9 gave the best activity (EC50 = 0.19 mg/L), which is significantly better than the commercial fungicides diflumetorim, flumorph, and cyazofamid. The relationship between structure and fungicidal activity of the synthesized pyrimidinamines was explored. The study showed that compound 9 is a promising fungicide candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiying Guan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinian Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Facile preparation of 3-substituted-2,6-difluoropyridines: application to the synthesis of 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghorab MM, Ragab FA, Heiba HI, Bayomi AA. Novel Quinazoline Derivatives Bearing a Sulfapyridine Moiety as Anticancer and Radiosensitizing Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Ghorab
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A. Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Helmi I. Heiba
- Department of Drug Radiation Research; National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Bayomi
- Department of Drug Radiation Research; National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority; Cairo Egypt
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Elsayed MS, El-Araby ME, Serya RA, El-Khatib AH, Linscheid MW, Abouzid KA. Structure-based design and synthesis of novel pseudosaccharine derivatives as antiproliferative agents and kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 61:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Li JR, Li DD, Fang F, Du QR, Lin L, Sun J, Qian Y, Zhu HL. Discovery of 4,6-substituted-(diaphenylamino)quinazolines as potent c-Src inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8375-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Fang F, Li DD, Li JR, Sun J, Du QR, Gong HB, Zhu HL. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of substituted 6-amide-4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives as c-Src inhibitors. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Liu C, Wu Y, Han N, Qiu J. Efficient synthesis of 4-heteroaryl-substituted triphenylamine derivatives via a ligand-free Suzuki reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; 116024; People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; 116024; People's Republic of China
| | - Na Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; 116024; People's Republic of China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; 116024; People's Republic of China
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Pham HT, Hanson RN, Olmsted SL, Kozhushnyan A, Visentin A, Weglinsky PJ, Massero C, Bailey K. Synthesis of 6- and 7-propargyloxy derivatives of 4-(3-fluoroanilino)-quinazoline. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Kumar D, Reddy VB, Kumar A, Mandal D, Tiwari R, Parang K. Click chemistry inspired one-pot synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles and their Src kinase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:449-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Foote KM, Hatter G. Novel Synthesis of Differentially Substituted 5,7-Dialkoxyquinazolin-4-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802219247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Foote
- a Cancer and Infection Research , AstraZeneca Research and Developement , Alderley Park, U.K
| | - Glenn Hatter
- a Cancer and Infection Research , AstraZeneca Research and Developement , Alderley Park, U.K
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Neutral 5-substituted 4-indazolylaminoquinazolines as potent, orally active inhibitors of erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1799-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Barlaam B, Ballard P, Bradbury RH, Ducray R, Germain H, Hickinson DM, Hudson K, Kettle JG, Klinowska T, Magnien F, Ogilvie DJ, Olivier A, Pearson SE, Scott JS, Suleman A, Trigwell CB, Vautier M, Whittaker RD, Wood R. A new series of neutral 5-substituted 4-anilinoquinazolines as potent, orally active inhibitors of erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:674-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Sawyer TK. Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Src Kinase for Cancer Therapy. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2006_010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Here we present a methodology for characterizing the structure of patented chemical space. This approach identifies those chemical replacements that can connect sets of exemplified compounds in individual patents. Chemists can then search these replacements to help them discover the architecture within their patent space of interest. To demonstrate the utility of such an approach, we characterize a set of kinase inhibitors from patents and literature and find that many companies' patents can be understood to be straightforward modifications of competitors' patents. By reapplying these same chemical themes to other related compound series, novel, biologically active compounds can be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel T Southall
- Informatics Department, Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
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