1
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Kar S, Maharana PK, Punniyamurthy T, Trivedi V. Tandem (4 + 3)-Annulation of Aziridines: Stereoselective Access to Fused Azepinoindoles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38051106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective tandem (4 + 3)-coupling of aziridines with 4-alkylidene indole malonates has been disclosed under Cu-catalysis involving a base-promoted annulation. The methodology serves as a potential approach toward the facile construction of fused azepinoindoles with good yields and diastereoselectivities. Late-stage natural product and drug modification as well as preliminary investigations for the enantioselective (4 + 3)-annulation are important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prabhat K Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | | | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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2
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Luo ML, Zhao Q, He XH, Xie X, Zhu HP, You FM, Peng C, Zhan G, Huang W. Research progress of indole-fused derivatives as allosteric modulators: Opportunities for drug development. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114574. [PMID: 36996677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation is a direct and effective method for regulating the function of biological macromolecules, which play vital roles in various cellular activities. Unlike orthosteric modulators, allosteric modulators bind to sites distant from the protein's orthosteric/active site and can have specific effects on the protein's function or activity without competing with endogenous ligands. Compared to traditional orthosteric modulators, allosteric modulators offer several advantages, including reduced side effects, greater specificity, and lower toxicity, making them a promising strategy for developing novel drugs. Indole-fused architectures are widely distributed in natural products and bioactive drug leads, displaying diverse biological activities that attract the interest of both chemists and biologists in drug discovery. Currently, an increasing number of indole-fused compounds have exhibited potent activities in allosteric modulation. In this review, we provide a brief summary of examples of allosteric modulators based on the indole-fused complex architecture, highlighting the strategies for drug design/discovery and the structure-activity relationships of allosteric modulators from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.
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3
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Nikbakht A, Amiri K, Khosravi H, Zhou Y, Balalaie S, Breit B. Copper-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Unactivated Allene-Tethered O-Propargyl Oximes: A Domino Reaction Sequence toward the Synthesis of Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]azepin-5(4 H)-ones. Org Lett 2021; 23:3343-3348. [PMID: 33843238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed cycloisomerization of unactivated allene-tethered O-propargyl oximes has been developed for the synthesis of hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]azepin-5(4H)-ones. This one-pot domino reaction proceeds via a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, a [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and another [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The methodology offers a practical and straightforward route for the rapid assembly of both ring components of the fused bicyclic motifs from acyclic precursors by simultaneously forming four new bonds (a C═O, a C═N, and two C-C bonds) in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nikbakht
- Institut fur Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4416, Iran
| | - Kamran Amiri
- Institut fur Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4416, Iran
| | - Hormoz Khosravi
- Institut fur Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4416, Iran
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Institut fur Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4416, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut fur Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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4
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Iioka R, Yorozu K, Sakai Y, Kawai R, Hatae N, Takashima K, Tanabe G, Wasada H, Yoshimatsu M. Synthesis of Azepino[1,2‐
a
]indole‐10‐amines via [6+1] Annulation of Ynenitriles with Reformatsky Reagent. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Iioka
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Kohei Yorozu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Yoko Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Rika Kawai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yokohama University of Pharmacy 601 Matano, Totsuka-ku 245-0066 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Katsuki Takashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae 577-8502 Higashi-osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae 577-8502 Higashi-osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wasada
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Regional Study Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
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5
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Ouyang W, Rao J, Li Y, Liu X, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Recent Achievements in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Concise Construction of Medium N‐Heterocycles, Azepines and Azocines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhang Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd. No. 300, Jiangxinsha Road 200137 Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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6
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Wales SM, Rivinoja DJ, Gardiner MG, Bird MJ, Meyer AG, Ryan JH, Hyland CJT. Benzoazepine-Fused Isoindolines via Intramolecular (3 + 2)-Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides with Dinitroarenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:4703-4708. [PMID: 31188010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aminobenzaldehydes bearing a pendant 3,5-dinitrophenyl group react thermally with N-substituted α-amino acids to form unprecedented benzoazepine-fused isoindolines. The reaction proceeds via a dearomatization/rearomatization sequence involving an intramolecular (3 + 2)-cycloaddition between the in situ formed azomethine ylide and the dinitroarene. Various glycine derivatives are tolerated as well as branched substrates based on cyclic, α-mono-, and α,α-disubstituted amino acids, giving single diastereomers in many cases. The method is scalable and gives products with a nitro group ready for further manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wales
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Daniel J Rivinoja
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
| | - Melissa J Bird
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Adam G Meyer
- CSIRO Biomedical Manufacturing , Ian Wark Laboratory , Bayview Avenue , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - John H Ryan
- CSIRO Biomedical Manufacturing , Ian Wark Laboratory , Bayview Avenue , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Christopher J T Hyland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
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7
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Arumugam P, Bheemanati R, Esram P, Mahto MK, Kacker P. Discovery of hit molecules targeting allosteric site of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1448-1466. [PMID: 31007134 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1608864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), plays a key role in viral amplification and is an attractive and most explored target for discovery of new therapeutic agents for Hepatitis C. Though safe and effective, NS5B inhibitors were launched in 2013 (Sovaldi) and 2014 (Harvoni, Viekira Pak), the high price tags of these medications limit their use among poor people in developing countries. Hence, still there exists a need for cost-effective and short duration anti-HCV agents especially those targeting niche patient population who were non-respondent to earlier therapies or with comorbid conditions. The present study describes the discovery of novel non-nucleoside (NNI) inhibitors of NS5B using a series of rational drug design techniques such as virtual screening, scaffold matching and molecular docking. 2D and 3D structure based virtual screening technique identified 300 hit compounds. Top 20 hits were screened out from identified hits using molecular docking technique. Four molecules, that are representative of 20 hits were evaluated for binding affinity under in vitro conditions using surface plasmon resonance-based assay and the results emphasized that compound with CoCoCo ID: 412075 could exhibit good binding response toward NS5B and could be a potential candidate as NS5B inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Puneet Kacker
- Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Alam K, Kim JG, Kang DY, Park JK. Regiodivergent Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid‐Promoted Cycloisomerizations of Ynenamines to Fused Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khyarul Alam
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Jin Gyeong Kim
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Dong Yun Kang
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional MaterialsPusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
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9
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Zhang X, Pan Y, Liang P, Pang L, Ma X, Jiao W, Shao H. Oxadiazepine Synthesis by Formal [4+3] Cycloaddition ofo-Chloromethyl Arylsulfonamides with Nitrones Promoted by NaHCO3. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Pang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
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10
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Li J, Lin N, Yu L, Zhang Y. Synthesis of β -prolinols via [3+2] cycloaddition and one-pot programmed reduction: Valuable building blocks for polyheterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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11
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Zhu L, Qi X, Lan Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Hetero-(5 + 2) Cycloaddition of Vinylaziridines and Alkynes: A Theoretical View of the Mechanism and Chirality Transfer. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Feng J, Lin T, Wu H, Zhang J. Modular Access to the Stereoisomers of Fused Bicyclic Azepines: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Stereospecific Hetero‐[5+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15854-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
| | - Tao‐Yan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
| | - Hai‐Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
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13
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Feng J, Lin T, Wu H, Zhang J. Modular Access to the Stereoisomers of Fused Bicyclic Azepines: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Stereospecific Hetero‐[5+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
| | - Tao‐Yan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
| | - Hai‐Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 (P.R. China) http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/1811/main.jspy
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14
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Ma S. Recent advances on the synthesis of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:188-214. [PMID: 26276434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a viral liver infection considered as the major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCV NS5B polymerase, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is essential for HCV replication, which is able to catalyze the synthesis of positive (genomic) and negative (template) strand HCV RNA, but has no functional equivalent in mammalian cells. Therefore, the NS5B polymerase has emerged as an attractive target for the development of specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (DAA, for direct-acting antivirals). Recently, a growing number of compounds have been reported as the NS5B polymerase inhibitors, some of which especially have been licensed in clinical trials. This review describes recent advances on the synthesis of the NS5B polymerase inhibitors, focusing on the merits and demerits of their synthetic methods. In particular, inspiration from the synthesis and the future direction of the NS5B polymerase inhibitors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yinhu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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15
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Feng JJ, Lin TY, Wu HH, Zhang J. Transfer of Chirality in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Formal Hetero-[5 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Alkynes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Fused Azepine Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3787-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Feng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Tao-Yan Lin
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Hong Wu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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16
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Schultz EE, Lindsay VNG, Sarpong R. Expedient Synthesis of Fused Azepine Derivatives Using a Sequential Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation/1-Aza-Cope Rearrangement of Dienyltriazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Schultz EE, Lindsay VNG, Sarpong R. Expedient synthesis of fused azepine derivatives using a sequential rhodium(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation/1-aza-Cope rearrangement of dienyltriazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9904-8. [PMID: 25044869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the formation of fused dihydroazepine derivatives from 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles bearing a tethered diene is reported. The process involves an intramolecular cyclopropanation of an α-imino rhodium(II) carbenoid, leading to a transient 1-imino-2-vinylcyclopropane intermediate which rapidly undergoes a 1-aza-Cope rearrangement to generate fused dihydroazepine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds with similar efficiency on gram scale. The use of catalyst-free conditions leads to the formation of a novel [4.4.0] bicyclic heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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18
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LaPlante SR, Bös M, Brochu C, Chabot C, Coulombe R, Gillard JR, Jakalian A, Poirier M, Rancourt J, Stammers T, Thavonekham B, Beaulieu PL, Kukolj G, Tsantrizos YS. Conformation-based restrictions and scaffold replacements in the design of hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors: discovery of deleobuvir (BI 207127). J Med Chem 2013; 57:1845-54. [PMID: 24159919 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conformational restrictions of flexible torsion angles were used to guide the identification of new chemotypes of HCV NS5B inhibitors. Sites for rigidification were based on an acquired conformational understanding of compound binding requirements and the roles of substituents in the free and bound states. Chemical bioisosteres of amide bonds were explored to improve cell-based potency. Examples are shown, including the design concept that led to the discovery of the phase III clinical candidate deleobuvir (BI 207127). The structure-based strategies employed have general utility in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R LaPlante
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. , 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7S 2G5
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19
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Beaulieu PL. Design and Development of NS5B Polymerase Non‐nucleoside Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 130–170 million people worldwide and is associated with life‐threatening liver diseases. The recent introduction of the first two HCV direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) as a complement to the interferon/ribavirin standard of care has provided patients with improved outcomes. Still, 25–30% of subjects infected with genotype 1 HCV do not respond adequately to treatment owing to the emergence of resistant virus and many suffer from severe side effects. A paradigm shift towards the development of interferon‐free combinations of DAAs with complementary modes of action is currently taking place. Virally encoded proteins and enzymes have become the target of HCV drug discovery efforts and several promising new agents are currently being evaluated in the clinic for treatment of chronic HCV infection. The NS5B RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase is responsible for replication of viral RNA and plays a pivotal role in the virus life cycle. NS5B is undoubtedly the most druggable HCV target and is susceptible to several classes of allosteric inhibitors that bind to four distinct sites on the enzyme. This chapter describes successful strategies that have led to the discovery of HCV NS5B antivirals. It is divided according to allosteric sites and describes how each of the known families of inhibitors was discovered, characterized and optimized to provide clinical candidates. When available, the strategies adopted by medicinal chemists to optimize initial leads and address challenges and liabilities encountered on the path to candidate selection are described, along with reported clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L. Beaulieu
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec Canada, H7S 2G5 resgeneral.lav@boehringer‐ingelheim.com
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20
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Haudecoeur R, Peuchmaur M, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Pawlotsky JM, Boumendjel A. Structure-Activity Relationships in the Development of Allosteric Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors: Ten Years of Research. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:934-84. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
| | | | | | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire; Université de Grenoble/CNRS; UMR 5063, BP 53; 38041; Grenoble Cedex 9; France
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21
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Vendeville S, Lin TI, Hu L, Tahri A, McGowan D, Cummings MD, Amssoms K, Canard M, Last S, Van den Steen I, Devogelaere B, Rouan MC, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Dehertogh P, Fransen E, Cleiren E, van der Helm L, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Nyanguile O, Simmen K, Raboisson P. Finger loop inhibitors of the HCV NS5b polymerase. Part II. Optimization of tetracyclic indole-based macrocycle leading to the discovery of TMC647055. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4437-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Cummings MD, Lin TI, Hu L, Tahri A, McGowan D, Amssoms K, Last S, Devogelaere B, Rouan MC, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Dehertogh P, Fransen E, Cleiren E, van der Helm L, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Nyanguile O, Simmen K, Raboisson P, Vendeville S. Structure-Based Macrocyclization Yields Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Inhibitors with Improved Binding Affinities and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Cummings MD, Lin TI, Hu L, Tahri A, McGowan D, Amssoms K, Last S, Devogelaere B, Rouan MC, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Dehertogh P, Fransen E, Cleiren E, van der Helm L, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Nyanguile O, Simmen K, Raboisson P, Vendeville S. Structure-Based Macrocyclization Yields Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Inhibitors with Improved Binding Affinities and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4637-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of benzo[c]pyrimido[1,6-a]azepine scaffold from Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts: intramolecular 6-arylation of uracil nucleus. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Sofia MJ, Chang W, Furman PA, Mosley RT, Ross BS. Nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2481-531. [PMID: 22185586 DOI: 10.1021/jm201384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sofia
- Pharmasset, Inc., 303A College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.
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26
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Haudecoeur R, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Yi W, Fortuné A, Brillet R, Belle C, Nicolle E, Pallier C, Pawlotsky JM, Boumendjel A. Discovery of naturally occurring aurones that are potent allosteric inhibitors of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5395-402. [PMID: 21699179 DOI: 10.1021/jm200242p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have identified naturally occurring 2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3-ones (aurones) as new templates for non-nucleoside hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors. The aurone target site, identified by site-directed mutagenesis, is located in thumb pocket I of HCV RdRp. The RdRp inhibitory activity of 42 aurones was rationally explored in an enzyme assay. Molecular docking studies were used to determine how aurones bind to HCV RdRp and to predict their range of inhibitory activity. Seven aurone derivatives were found to have potent inhibitory effects on HCV RdRp, with IC(50) below 5 μM and excellent selectivity index (inhibition activity versus cellular cytotoxicity). The most active aurone analogue was (Z)-2-((1-butyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-4,6-dihydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one (compound 51), with an IC(50) of 2.2 μM. Their potent RdRp inhibitory activity and their low toxicity make these molecules attractive candidates as direct-acting anti-HCV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université de Grenoble, CNRS, UMR 5063, Grenoble, France
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27
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Recent advances in drug discovery of benzothiadiazine and related analogs as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4690-703. [PMID: 21798747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health burden, with an estimated 170 million chronically infected individuals worldwide, and a leading cause of liver transplantation. Patients are at increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even liver failure. In the past two decades, several approaches have been adopted to inhibit non-structural viral proteins. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) of HCV is one of the attractive validated targets for development of new drugs to block HCV infection. In this review, we report the recent progress made towards identifying and developing benzothiadiazines as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. The substituted benzothiadiazine class was identified by HTS in 2002 as an NS5B inhibitor. Further optimization and modification of the core has improved the potency and pharmacokinetic properties of substituted benzothiadiazines. Research on palm site-binding benzothiadiazine analogs and related derivatives and analogs is discussed in this article.
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28
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Smith JA, Molesworth PP, Hyland CJ, Ryan JH. Seven-Membered Rings. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(11)22016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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30
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Pintori DG, Greaney MF. Intramolecular Oxidative C−H Coupling for Medium-Ring Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:1209-11. [PMID: 21194230 DOI: 10.1021/ja1090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier G. Pintori
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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31
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Narjes F, Crescenzi B, Ferrara M, Habermann J, Colarusso S, Ferreira MDRR, Stansfield I, Mackay AC, Conte I, Ercolani C, Zaramella S, Palumbi MC, Meuleman P, Leroux-Roels G, Giuliano C, Fiore F, Di Marco S, Baiocco P, Koch U, Migliaccio G, Altamura S, Laufer R, De Francesco R, Rowley M. Discovery of (7R)-14-cyclohexyl-7-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl) amino}-7,8-dihydro-6H-indolo[1,2-e][1,5]benzoxazocine-11-carboxylic acid (MK-3281), a potent and orally bioavailable finger-loop inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Med Chem 2010; 54:289-301. [PMID: 21141896 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The polymerase of HCV is responsible for the replication of viral genome and has been a prime target for drug discovery efforts. Here, we report on the further development of tetracyclic indole inhibitors, binding to an allosteric site on the thumb domain. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around an indolo-benzoxazocine scaffold led to the identification of compound 33 (MK-3281), an inhibitor with good potency in the HCV subgenomic replication assay and attractive molecular properties suitable for a clinical candidate. The compound caused a consistent decrease in viremia in vivo using the chimeric mouse model of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Narjes
- Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti SpA (Merck Research Laboratories, Rome), Pomezia, Italy.
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32
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Lee HS, Kim KH, Kim YM, Kim JN. Synthesis of Tetracyclic Oxindoles from Isatin Containing Baylis-Hillman Adducts via Pd-Catalyzed Aryl-Aryl Coupling and Reduction with NaBH4. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus polymerase: current progress and future challenges. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:121-41. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a combination of PEGylated interferon and ribavirin, which offer limited efficacy and significant side effects. Novel HCV-specific inhibitors, including those directed at the viral polymerase, have become the focus of HCV drug-discovery efforts in the past decade. In addition to the active site targeted by traditional nucleoside inhibitors, at least four different allosteric-binding sites have been reported for the HCV polymerase, which offer ample opportunities for small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the discovery of non-nucleoside HCV polymerase inhibitors with a focus on novel chemical matters, their clinical efficacy, safety and potential for combination therapy.
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34
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Martin Hernando J, Ontoria J, Malancona S, Attenni B, Fiore F, Bonelli F, Koch U, Di Marco S, Colarusso S, Ponzi S, Gennari N, Vignetti S, del Rosario Rico Ferreira M, Habermann J, Rowley M, Narjes F. Optimization of Thienopyrrole-Based Finger-Loop Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1695-713. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based inhibitors of HCV polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6331-6. [PMID: 19819138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes a novel series of HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors based on a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold bearing hydrophobic groups and an acidic functionality. Several compounds were optimized to low nanomolar potencies in a biochemical RdRp assay. SAR trends clearly reveal a stringent preference for a cyclohexyl group as one of the hydrophobes, and improved activities for carboxylic acid derivatives.
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36
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Discovery of 4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones as potent inhibitors of hepatitis C virus polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Meanwell NA, Kadow JF, Scola PM. Chapter 20 Progress towards the Discovery and Development of Specifically Targeted Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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