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Miyazaki I, Odintsov I, Ishida K, Lui AJW, Kato M, Suzuki T, Zhang T, Wakayama K, Kurth RI, Cheng R, Fujita H, Delasos L, Vojnic M, Khodos I, Yamada Y, Ishizawa K, Mattar MS, Funabashi K, Chang Q, Ohkubo S, Yano W, Terada R, Giuliano C, Lu YC, Bonifacio A, Kunte S, Davare MA, Cheng EH, de Stanchina E, Lovati E, Iwasawa Y, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Author Correction: Vepafestinib is a pharmacologically advanced RET-selective inhibitor with high CNS penetration and inhibitory activity against RET solvent front mutations. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:1526. [PMID: 37814012 PMCID: PMC10597837 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Odintsov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Allan J W Lui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Tom Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Renate I Kurth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lukas Delasos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Morana Vojnic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Khodos
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kota Ishizawa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marissa S Mattar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wakako Yano
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Yue Christine Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Kunte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dana Cancer Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Miyazaki I, Odintsov I, Ishida K, Lui AJW, Kato M, Suzuki T, Zhang T, Wakayama K, Kurth RI, Cheng R, Fujita H, Delasos L, Vojnic M, Khodos I, Yamada Y, Ishizawa K, Mattar MS, Funabashi K, Chang Q, Ohkubo S, Yano W, Terada R, Giuliano C, Lu YC, Bonifacio A, Kunte S, Davare MA, Cheng EH, de Stanchina E, Lovati E, Iwasawa Y, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Vepafestinib is a pharmacologically advanced RET-selective inhibitor with high CNS penetration and inhibitory activity against RET solvent front mutations. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:1345-1361. [PMID: 37743366 PMCID: PMC10518257 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
RET receptor tyrosine kinase is activated in various cancers (lung, thyroid, colon and pancreatic, among others) through oncogenic fusions or gain-of-function single-nucleotide variants. Small-molecule RET kinase inhibitors became standard-of-care therapy for advanced malignancies driven by RET. The therapeutic benefit of RET inhibitors is limited, however, by acquired mutations in the drug target as well as brain metastasis, presumably due to inadequate brain penetration. Here, we perform preclinical characterization of vepafestinib (TAS0953/HM06), a next-generation RET inhibitor with a unique binding mode. We demonstrate that vepafestinib has best-in-class selectivity against RET, while exerting activity against commonly reported on-target resistance mutations (variants in RETL730, RETV804 and RETG810), and shows superior pharmacokinetic properties in the brain when compared to currently approved RET drugs. We further show that these properties translate into improved tumor control in an intracranial model of RET-driven cancer. Our results underscore the clinical potential of vepafestinib in treating RET-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Odintsov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Allan J W Lui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Tom Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Renate I Kurth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lukas Delasos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Morana Vojnic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Khodos
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kota Ishizawa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marissa S Mattar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wakako Yano
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Yue Christine Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Kunte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dana Cancer Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Baden P, Perez MJ, Raji H, Bertoli F, Kalb S, Illescas M, Spanos F, Giuliano C, Calogero AM, Oldrati M, Hebestreit H, Cappelletti G, Brockmann K, Gasser T, Schapira AHV, Ugalde C, Deleidi M. Glucocerebrosidase is imported into mitochondria and preserves complex I integrity and energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1930. [PMID: 37024507 PMCID: PMC10079970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which cause Gaucher's disease, are the most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we employ global proteomic and single-cell genomic approaches in stable cell lines as well as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and midbrain organoids to dissect the mechanisms underlying GCase-related neurodegeneration. We demonstrate that GCase can be imported from the cytosol into the mitochondria via recognition of internal mitochondrial targeting sequence-like signals. In mitochondria, GCase promotes the maintenance of mitochondrial complex I (CI) integrity and function. Furthermore, GCase interacts with the mitochondrial quality control proteins HSP60 and LONP1. Disease-associated mutations impair CI stability and function and enhance the interaction with the mitochondrial quality control machinery. These findings reveal a mitochondrial role of GCase and suggest that defective CI activity and energy metabolism may drive the pathogenesis of GCase-linked neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Baden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Maria Jose Perez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Hariam Raji
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Federico Bertoli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Stefanie Kalb
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - María Illescas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Fokion Spanos
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Calogero
- Department of Biosciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marvin Oldrati
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Hannah Hebestreit
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163 Paris Cite' University, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France.
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Odintsov I, Cheng RC, Lui AJ, Zhang T, Lu YC, Kurth RI, Vojnic M, Khodos I, Chang Q, Chen K, Giuliano C, Bonifacio A, Miyazaki I, Stanchina ED, Lovati E, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Abstract 4007: Efficacy of vepafestinib in preclinical models of RET fusion-driven sarcoma models. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Vepafestinib (TAS0953/HM06, Vepa) is a 2nd generation RET-selective inhibitor that effectively penetrates the brain, and inhibits the wildtype RET kinase domain (KD) and RET KD mutants (G810, V804, Y806, L730) (presented at AACR-NCI-EROTC 2021 meeting). RET rearrangements are found in an increasing number of soft tissue sarcomas, including infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS). Here we investigated the efficacy of Vepa in comparison to other RET-selective inhibitors in preclinical models of pediatric sarcomas harboring RET fusions.
Methods: Multiple preclinical models of SPECC1L::RET-driven sarcomas were established: 1) Paired patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line models from a brain metastasis (BM) of an IFS tumor (SR-Sarc-0001); 2) A human mesenchymal stem cell line with RET fusion introduced with CRISPR-Cas9 (HMSC-RET); 3) A murine BM model produced by injection of luciferase-expressing HMSC-RET into the cerebellum. CNS penetration of Vepa was assessed by pharmacokinetic profiling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma in freely-moving male Han Wistar rats after oral administration of 3, 10, or 50 mg/kg single doses.
Results: Exposure of SR-Sarc-0001 and HMSC-RET cells to Vepa resulted in dose- and time-dependent decreases in phosphorylation of RET, ERK1/2, AKT, STAT3 and S6, expression changes in cell cycle regulators (p27 up, cyclin D1 down), induction of pro-apoptosis proteins (c-PARP, BIM), and loss of MYC expression. Growth of SR-Sarc-0001 (IC50: 0.09 µM, 95% CI: 0.03-0.2) and HMSC-RET cells (IC50: 0.2 µM, 95% CI: 0.09-0.5), but not parental HMSC cells (IC50 > 1 µM), was suppressed by Vepa, with concomitant elevation of caspase 3/7 activity. Vepa was more effective than vandetanib and similar to the FDA-approved RET inhibitors, selpercatinib (Selp) and pralsetinib (Pral), in all in vitro assays. Significant regression of SR-Sarc-0001 PDX tumors was seen after Vepa treatment (64.8 ± 0.5%). Notably, no regrowth was observed up to 46 days after cessation of Vepa treatment, whereas 25 days after stopping Selp (10 mg/kg BID) and Pral (15 mg/kg BID) treatment, 1/5 and 3/5 tumors started to regrow, respectively. Similar efficacy was observed in the HMSC-RET xenograft model. Vepa was more effective than Selp at blocking HMSC-RET brain xenograft tumor growth (p=0.001) and increasing survival (p=0.0001). CNS penetration of Vepa was excellent, with near-equivalent concentrations detected in the PFC, CSF, and plasma-free fraction after equilibration between body fluid compartments.
Conclusions: Our preclinical results suggest that vepafestinib has the potential to more effectively manage CNS metastasis compared to selpercatinib, representing a promising new therapeutic option for patients with RET-driven sarcomas. Vepafestinib is currently in a phase 1/2 trial for adult patients with advanced solid tumors harboring RET alterations (margaRET, NCT04683250).
Citation Format: Igor Odintsov, Ryan C. Cheng, Allan J. Lui, Tom Zhang, Yue C. Lu, Renate I. Kurth, Morana Vojnic, Inna Khodos, Qing Chang, Kevin Chen, Claudio Giuliano, Annalisa Bonifacio, Isao Miyazaki, Elisa de Stanchina, Emanuela Lovati, Marc Ladanyi, Romel Somwar. Efficacy of vepafestinib in preclinical models of RET fusion-driven sarcoma models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4007.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan C. Cheng
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Tom Zhang
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yue C. Lu
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Inna Khodos
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Qing Chang
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kevin Chen
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Ladanyi
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Romel Somwar
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Giuliano C, Cerri S, Cesaroni V, Blandini F. Relevance of Biochemical Deep Phenotyping for a Personalised Approach to Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2023; 511:100-109. [PMID: 36572171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal tract. The identification of disease-modifying therapies is the Holy Grail of PD research, but to date no drug has been approved as such a therapy. A possible reason is the remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity of PD patients, which can generate confusion in the interpretation of results or even mask the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention. This heterogeneity should be taken into account in clinical trials, stratifying patients by their expected response to drugs designed to engage selected molecular targets. In this setting, stratification methods (clinical and genetic) should be supported by biochemical phenotyping of PD patients, in line with the deep phenotyping concept. Collection, from single patients, of a range of biological samples would streamline the generation of these profiles. Several studies have proposed biochemical characterisations of patient cohorts based on analysis of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, saliva and skin biopsy samples, with extracellular vesicles attracting increasing interest as a source of biomarkers. In this review we report and critically discuss major studies that used a biochemical approach to stratify their PD cohorts. The analyte most studied is α-synuclein, while other studies have focused on neurofilament light chain, lysosomal proteins, inflammasome-related proteins, LRRK2 and the urinary proteome. At present, stratification of PD patients, while promising, is still a nascent approach. Deep phenotyping of patients will allow clinical researchers to identify homogeneous subgroups for the investigation of tailored disease-modifying therapies, enhancing the chances of therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giuliano
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Cesaroni
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Tyler T, Schultz A, Venturini A, Giuliano C, Bernareggi A, Spezia R, Voisin D, Stella V. Challenges in the Development of Intravenous Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists: Results of a Safety and Pharmacokinetics Dose-Finding, Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Fosnetupitant. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:1405-1418. [PMID: 36263927 PMCID: PMC10092591 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral NEPA is the fixed-combination antiemetic comprising netupitant (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK1 RA]) and palonosetron (5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist [5-HT3 RA]). Intravenous (IV) NEPA, containing fosnetupitant, a water-soluble N-phosphoryloxymethyl prodrug of netupitant, has been developed. Fosnetupitant does not require excipients or solubility enhancers often used to increase IV NK1 RA water solubility, preventing the occurrence of hypersensitivity and infusion-site reactions associated with these products. In this phase 1 study, subjects received a 30-minute placebo or fosnetupitant (17.6-353 mg) infusion and an oral NEPA or placebo capsule, with 2-sequence crossover treatment for fosnetupitant 118- to 353-mg dose cohorts. IV fosnetupitant safety and pharmacokinetics were evaluated, and its equivalence to an oral netupitant 300-mg dose was defined. Overall, 158 healthy volunteers were enrolled. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in intensity. Doppler-identified infusion-site asymptomatic thrombosis occurred in 5.4% (fosnetupitant) and 1.2% (oral NEPA) of subjects. The frequency or number of treatment-related AEs did not increase with ascending fosnetupitant doses. The most common treatment-related AEs were headache (fosnetupitant, 8.1%; oral NEPA, 12.7%) and constipation (fosnetupitant, 1.4%; oral NEPA, 7.5%). A fosnetupitant 235-mg dose was equivalent, in terms of netupitant exposure, to 300-mg oral netupitant. The safety profile of a single fosnetupitant 235-mg infusion was similar to that of single-dose oral NEPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Tyler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Armin Schultz
- CRS Clinical Research Services Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Valentino Stella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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Giuliano C, Frizzarin S, Alonzi A, Stimamiglio V, Ortiz-Romero PL. Chlormethine Gel for the Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: In Vitro Release and Permeation Testing. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2517-2529. [PMID: 36229764 PMCID: PMC9588113 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The DNA-alkylating agent chlormethine (CL, or mechlorethamine) is approved in several countries worldwide as a 0.016% w/w topical CL gel formulation, to treat mycosis fungoides cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with a positive benefit/risk ratio. Methods Release profiles of CL from the gel and a compounded ointment-based 0.016% CL formulation were compared via in vitro release testing (IVRT), utilizing static diffusion cells, a pseudo-infinite dose, and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, over 5 h. The percutaneous absorption profile of CL gel in ex vivo human skin was also examined, using in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) with flow-through diffusion cells, dermatomed skin (epidermis plus dermis) and epidermal membranes, a finite dose, over 24 h. Results In IVRT experiments, the mean ± SD CL release rate was significantly higher for the gel versus the ointment (5.70 ± 0.73 versus 2.38 ± 1.03 μg/cm2/√h); the formulations were inequivalent per the US Food and Drug Administration scale-up and postapproval changes for nonsterile semisolid dosage forms (FDA SUPAC-SS) criteria. Mean IVPT cumulative CL (gel) permeating through epidermal membrane was higher than for dermatomed skin (4.6% versus 2.5% of applied dose). Mean residual CL on the epidermal membrane surface was 1.3% of the applied dose. Conclusions CL gel (0.016%) and ointment were inequivalent, with an optimized release profile, suggesting minimal passage of CL gel through human epidermal tissue to the dermis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00813-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical Development, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Via Pian Scairolo 9, 6912, Pazzallo-Lugano, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Pablo L Ortiz-Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Institute i+12, CIBERONC, Medical School, Hospital 12 de Octubre, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Odintsov I, Lui A, Delasos L, Khodos I, Chang Q, Mattar M, Vojnic M, Lu Y, Kunte S, Bonifacio A, Giuliano C, de Stanchina E, Lovati E, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. MA13.05 TA0953/HM06, a Novel RET-specific Inhibitor Effective in Extracranial and CNS Disease Models of NSCLC with RETfusions. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Odintsov I, Lui AJ, Ishizawa K, Miyazaki I, Khodos I, Wakayama K, Vojnic M, Hagen CJ, Chang Q, Bonifacio A, Giuliano C, de Stanchina E, Lovati E, Cheng E, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Comparison of TAS0953/HM06 and selpercatinib in RET fusion-driven preclinical disease models of intracranial metastases. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2024 Background: Patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC have an estimated 25% incidence of CNS metastasis at diagnosis, and up to 40% during disease progression. Effective anti-RET therapy that penetrates the blood-brain barrier is essential to extending survival. TAS0953/HM06 is a structurally distinct RET-specific inhibitor that exhibits a distinct binding mode to RET and is effective against RET solvent front (G810) and gatekeeper (V804) mutations. TAS0953/HM06 also inhibits growth of xenograft tumors established from RET fusion-driven tumors of multiple histologies. TAS0953/HM06, therefore, represents a potentially effective strategy to overcome the emergence of acquired resistance to first generation RET-selective inhibitors. Here, we compared the brain penetration and efficacy of TAS0953/HM06 to selpercatinib (FDA-approved RET inhibitor) in models of intracranial RET fusion-positive cancers, specifically NSCLC and sarcoma. Methods: We compared the brain: plasma ratio of unbound TAS0953/HM06 and selpercatinib in mice to determine the unbound partition coefficient, Kpuu, brain. We injected ECLC5 (NSCLC cell line, TRIM33-RET) and HMSC-RET (immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells in which SPECCL1-RET was introduced by CRISPR-Cas9 genomic engineering, sarcoma model) cells expressing luciferase into the cerebellum of mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with TAS0953/HM06 (50 mg/kg BID), selpercatinib (10 mg/kg BID) or vandetanib (multi-kinase RET inhibitor, 50 mg/kg QD), and assessed weekly for tumor growth via bioluminescence imaging. Results: Kpuu, brain, of TAS0953/HM06 and selpercatinib were 1.3 and 0.20, respectively. Substances with brain Kpuu > 0.3 in mice are regarded as brain-penetrable. TAS0953/HM06 was superior to selpercatinib at inhibiting growth of ECLC5 (p < 0.0001) and HMSC-RET (p = 0.0005) brain xenograft tumors, and increasing survival of tumor-bearing animals (ECLC5: TAS0953/HM06 139±0.5 days, selpercatinib 95+2.3 days, p = 0.002; HMSC-RET: TAS0953/HM06 41± 2.2 days, selpercatinib 20±3 days, p = 0.0001). Vandetanib, which is highly brain-penetrant, did not cause a significant decrease in growth of either brain tumor xenograft models. At the doses used, the 3 RET inhibitors induced similar regression in several peripheral subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. Conclusions: Our data in animal models suggest that TAS0953/HM06 penetrates the CNS more effectively than selpercatinib, and is superior at decreasing CNS disease and extending survival. TAS0953/HM06 represents a promising new therapeutic option for patients with RET fusions with acquired resistance mutations, including those with brain metastasis and those resistant to first-generation selective RET inhibitors. TAS0953/HM06 is currently undergoing a biomarker-driven phase 1/ 2 clinical trial for patients with solid tumors driven by RET alterations (NCT04683250).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kota Ishizawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Inna Khodos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Qing Chang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Cheng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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10
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Bassi G, Giuliano C, Perinelli A, Forti S, Gabrielli S, Mancinelli E, Salcuni S. Motibot: the Virtual Coach for healthy coping intervention in diabetes. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563331 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Virtual coaches (VCs) can support people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by motivating them to better manage their health. Few VCs were aimed at providing psychosocial support. In this regard, motivation is a pivotal construct in diabetes self-management as it allows adults with DM to adhere to the clinical recommendations. Objectives The present study aimed to develop a VC able to motivate adults with DM to adopt and acquire healthier coping strategies, to decrease symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and diabetes-related emotional distress, while also improving their well-being. Methods A total of 12 adults with DM (M=27.91 years; SD=9.82) interacted with a VC, called Motibot using Telegram for an overall duration of 12 sessions. Participants completed a battery of instruments at pre-, post-intervention and follow-up. Results highlighted a decrease in anxiety, and depression symptoms between pre-, post-intervention and follow-up, as also showed by the results that emerged through the text mining. Motibot was perceived as motivating and encouraging in the adoption of appropriate coping strategies, such as mindfulness practices. Motibot was also perceived as trustworthy, reflective, and stimulating in its dialogical interaction. Indeed, adults felt involved in the interaction with Motibot, thereby showing an overall perception of a better quality of life, in the absence of diabetes distress. Conclusions This study sheds light on the importance of VCs in health care for people with DM for psychosocial support. This is the first experimental study on the matter, and thus, further iterations of the intervention are needed using a larger sample size. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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11
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Bassi G, Donadello I, Gabrielli S, Salcuni S, Giuliano C, Forti S. Early Development of a Virtual Coach for Healthy Coping Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Validation Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e27500. [PMID: 35147505 PMCID: PMC8881774 DOI: 10.2196/27500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health solutions aimed at monitoring tasks among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been broadly applied. However, virtual coaches (VCs), embedded or not in mobile health, are considered valuable means of improving patients’ health-related quality of life and ensuring adherence to self-care recommendations in diabetes management. Despite the growing need for effective, healthy coping digital interventions to support patients’ self-care and self-management, the design of psychological digital interventions that are acceptable, usable, and engaging for the target users still represents the main challenge, especially from a psychosocial perspective. Objective This study primarily aims to test VC interventions based on psychoeducational and counseling approaches to support and promote healthy coping behaviors in adults with DM. As a preliminary study, university students have participated in it and have played the standardized patients’ (SPs) role with the aim of improving the quality of the intervention protocol in terms of user acceptability, experience, and engagement. The accuracy of users’ role-playing is further analyzed. Methods This preliminary study is based on the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trial model, with a specific focus on its early phases. The healthy coping intervention protocol was initially designed together with a team of psychologists following the main guidelines and recommendations for psychoeducational interventions for healthy coping in the context of DM. The protocol was refined with the support of 3 experts in the design of behavioral intervention technologies for mental health and well-being, who role-played 3 SPs’ profiles receiving the virtual coaching intervention in a Wizard of Oz setting via WhatsApp. A refined version of the healthy coping protocol was then iteratively tested with a sample of 18 university students (mean age 23.61, SD 1.975 years) in a slightly different Wizard of Oz evaluation setting. Participants provided quantitative and qualitative postintervention feedback by reporting their experiences with the VC. Clustering techniques on the logged interactions and dialogs between the VC and users were collected and analyzed to identify additional refinements for future VC development. Results Both quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that the digital healthy coping intervention was perceived as supportive, motivating, and able to trigger self-reflection on coping strategies. Analyses of the logged dialogs showed that most of the participants accurately played the SPs’ profile assigned, confirming the validity and usefulness of this testing approach in preliminary assessments of behavioral digital interventions and protocols. Conclusions This study outlined an original approach to the early development and iterative testing of digital healthy coping interventions for type 2 DM. Indeed, the intervention was well-accepted and proved its effectiveness in the definition and refinement of the initial protocol and of the user experience with a VC before directly involving real patients in its subsequent use and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bassi
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Centre Digital Health & Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Ivan Donadello
- KRDB Research Centre, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Gabrielli
- Centre Digital Health & Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Centre Digital Health & Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Forti
- Centre Digital Health & Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
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12
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Bassi G, Giuliano C, Perinelli A, Forti S, Gabrielli S, Salcuni S. A Virtual Coach (Motibot) for Supporting Healthy Coping Strategies Among Adults With Diabetes: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e32211. [PMID: 35060918 PMCID: PMC8817220 DOI: 10.2196/32211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Motivation is a core component of diabetes self-management because it allows adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) to adhere to clinical recommendations. In this context, virtual coaches (VCs) have assumed a central role in supporting and treating common barriers related to adherence. However, most of them are mainly focused on medical and physical purposes, such as the monitoring of blood glucose levels or following a healthy diet. Objective This proof-of-concept study aims to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a VC intervention for psychosocial support before and after the intervention and at follow-up. The intent of this VC is to motivate adults with type 1 DM and type 2 DM to adopt and cultivate healthy coping strategies to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and diabetes-related emotional distress, while also improving their well-being. Methods A total of 13 Italian adults with DM (18-51 years) interacted with a VC, called Motibot (motivational bot) using the Telegram messaging app. The interaction covered 12 sessions, each lasting 10 to 20 minutes, during which the user could dialogue with the VC by inputting text or tapping an option on their smartphone screen. Motibot is developed within the transtheoretical model of change to deliver the most appropriate psychoeducational intervention based on the user’s motivation to change. Results Results showed that over the 12 sessions, there were no significant changes before and after the intervention and at follow-up regarding psychosocial factors. However, most users showed a downward trend over the 3 time periods in depression and anxiety symptoms, thereby presenting good psychological well-being and no diabetes-related emotional distress. In addition, users felt motivated, involved, encouraged, emotionally understood, and stimulated by Motibot during the interaction. Indeed, the analyses of semistructured interviews, using a text mining approach, showed that most users reported a perceived reduction in anxiety, depression, and/or stress symptoms. Moreover, users indicated the usefulness of Motibot in supporting and motivating them to find a mindful moment for themselves and to reflect on their own emotions. Conclusions Motibot was well accepted by users, particularly because of the inclusion of mindfulness practices, which motivated them to adopt healthy coping skills. To this extent, Motibot provided psychosocial support for adults with DM, particularly for those with mild and moderate symptoms, whereas those with severe symptoms may benefit more from face-to-face psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bassi
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessio Perinelli
- CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Stefano Forti
- Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Gabrielli
- Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Odintsov I, Kurth RI, Ishizawa K, Delasos L, Lui AJ, Khodos I, Hagen CJ, Chang Q, Mattar MS, Vojnic M, Kunte S, Bonifacio A, Giuliano C, De Stanchina E, Cheng E, Lovati E, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Abstract P233: TAS0953/HM06 is effective in preclinical models of diverse tumor types driven by RET alterations. Mol Cancer Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fusions involving RET receptor tyrosine kinase are a common driver of tumors across different tissue types, such as lung, thyroid, colorectal, soft tissue and others. TAS0953/HM06 (hereby referred to as HM06) is a novel 2ndgeneration RET-specific inhibitor that is effective against RET solvent front (G810) and gatekeeper (V804) mutations. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of HM06 in lung and thyroid carcinomas, and soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines and PDXs derived from RET inhibitor-naive tumor samples or from tumors with acquired resistance to selpercatinib. HM06 was more effective than the RET multi-kinase inhibitors cabozantinib and vandetanib, and as effective as selpercatinib and pralsetinib in inhibiting growth of patient-derived and isogenic lung, thyroid and sarcoma cell lines (IC50=0.02-0.1 µM) harboring different RET fusions (KIF5B-RET, CCDC6-RET, TRIM33-RET, SPECCL1-RET) or activating mutations (RET C634W). Growth of non-tumor cells was up to 80-fold less sensitive to HM06 (IC50= 1.6 µM). Treatment of RET fusion-positive lung cancer cells with HM06 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of RET phosphorylation (Y905 and Y1062) and the downstream effectors AKT, ERK1/2, p70S6K and S6. Caspase 3/7 activity and markers of apoptosis (BIM, cleaved PARP) were induced by HM06 to a similar extent as pralsetinib and selpercatinib (dose range: 0.05-1 µM). HM06 induced changes in the core mediators of cell cycle regulation (upregulation of p27, downregulation of CCND1) and suppressed expression of MYC and ETV5. In vivo, HM06 blocked tumor growth and/or induced regression of up to 65% in seven patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with RET fusions (five NSCLC PDXs, one sarcoma PDX and one NSCLC cell-line xenograft) to a similar extent as pralsetinib and selpercatinib. However, 6 weeks after cessation of treatment of the SPECCL1-RET-driven sarcoma PDX model, growth of tumors treated with HM06 was suppressed completely, whereas 3/5 pralsetinib-treated tumors and 1/5 selpercatinib-treated tumor regrew. Combination of HM06 and the MET inhibitor capmatinib effectively blocked growth of PDX tumors in a model that was derived from a patient sample that expressed RET fusion and METamplification, and was resistant to selpercatinib. These results suggest that HM06 may be an effective therapy for RET-driven tumors in a tissue-type agnostic manner and can effectively address common on-target and off-target resistance mechanisms such as RET G810X and V804X mutations. HM06 is currently in a phase 1 and 2 clinical trial for patients with advanced solid tumors with RET gene abnormalities (margaRET, NCT 04683250).
Citation Format: Igor Odintsov, Renate I. Kurth, Kota Ishizawa, Lukas Delasos, Allan J.W. Lui, Inna Khodos, Connor J. Hagen, Qing Chang, Marissa S. Mattar, Morana Vojnic, Siddharth Kunte, Annalisa Bonifacio, Claudio Giuliano, Elisa De Stanchina, Emily Cheng, Emanuela Lovati, Marc Ladanyi, Romel Somwar. TAS0953/HM06 is effective in preclinical models of diverse tumor types driven by RET alterations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Odintsov
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | | | | | - Allan J.W. Lui
- 4Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Inna Khodos
- 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | - Qing Chang
- 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | - Morana Vojnic
- 6Northwell Health, Lennox Hill Hospital, New York, NY,
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Cheng
- 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | - Marc Ladanyi
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | - Romel Somwar
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
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14
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Giuliano C, Frizzarin S, Beuttel C, Powell K, Alonzi A, Stimamiglio V, Romero PO. 134 Percutaneous Absorption of Chlormethine Gel in Human Skin: In Vitro Permeation Testing. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of severe motor and non-motor symptoms. Over the years, several factors have been discovered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease, in particular, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. To date, the pharmacological treatments used in Parkinson’s disease are exclusively symptomatic. For this reason, in recent years, the research has been directed towards the discovery and study of new natural molecules to develop potential neuroprotective therapies against Parkinson’s disease. In this context, natural polyphenols have raised much attention for their important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but also for their ability to modulate protein misfolding. In this review, we propose to summarize the relevant in vivo and in vitro studies concerning the potential therapeutic role of natural polyphenols in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giuliano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Tu L, Lu Z, Ngan MP, Lam FFY, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The brain-penetrating, orally bioavailable, ghrelin receptor agonist HM01 ameliorates motion-induced emesis in Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:1635-1650. [PMID: 31722444 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE HM01, a novel, orally bioavailable, brain-penetrating agonist of ghrelin receptors, ameliorates emesis in Suncus murinus. This study compared HM01's activity against motion sickness with that of the less brain-penetrating ghrelin receptor agonist, HM02. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The potential of HM01 and HM02 to relax isolated mesenteric arteries and to increase feeding was investigated. Radio telemetry was used to record gastric slow waves and body temperature. Plethysmography was used to measure respiratory function. HM01 and HM02 were administered p.o. 1 hr prior to provocative motion, and c-Fos expression in brain sections was assessed. KEY RESULTS HM01 and HM02 both relaxed precontracted arteries, yielding EC50 values of 2.5 ± 0.5 and 3.5 ± 0.4 nM respectively. HM01 increased feeding, but HM02 did not. Both compounds caused hypothermia and bradygastria. Motion induced 123 ± 24 emetic events. HM01, but not HM02, reduced motion-induced emesis by 67.6%. Motion increased c-Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), medial vestibular nucleus (MVe), central nucleus of the amygdala, and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH). HM01 alone increased c-Fos expression in the area postrema, NTS, DMNV, PVH, and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus; HM02 had a similar pattern except it did not increase c-Fos in the PVH. Both compounds antagonized the motion-induced increases in c-Fos expression in the MVe. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HM01 is more effective than HM02 in preventing motion-induced emesis. The difference in potency may relate to activation of ghrelin receptors in the PVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zengbing Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Man P Ngan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Francis F Y Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Lovati
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - John A Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,The Laboratory Animal Services Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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17
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Mohammadi EN, Pietra C, Giuliano C, Fugang L, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. A Comparison of the Central versus Peripheral Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Activity of Two Novel Ghrelin Mimetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:116-124. [PMID: 30377215 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) prokinetic effects of ghrelin occur through direct peripheral effects on ghrelin receptors within the enteric nervous system and via the ghrelin receptor on the vagus nerve, which activate a centrally mediated mechanism. However, the relative contribution of peripheral versus central effects to the overall prokinetic effect of ghrelin agonists requires further investigation. Here, we investigated the central versus peripheral prokinetic effect of ghrelin by using two novel ghrelin agonists: HM01 (N'-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-N-[1,3,3-trimethyl-(4R)-piperidyl]-urea HCL) with high brain penetration compared with HM02 (N'-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-hydroxy-N-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-urea), a more peripherally acting ghrelin agonist. The pharmacokinetic profiles of both ghrelin agonists were evaluated after intravenous and oral administration in rats. The efficacy of HM01 and HM02 was assessed in a rat model of postoperative ileus (POI) induced by abdominal surgery and in a rodent defecation assay. Pharmacokinetic results in our models confirmed that HM01, but not HM02, was a brain-penetrant ghrelin agonist. Administration of either HM01 or HM02 reversed the delayed upper and lower gastrointestinal transit induced by abdominal surgery to levels resembling the non-POI controls. In the defecation test, HM01, but not HM02, significantly increased the weight of fecal pellets. Our findings suggest that, in a rodent model of POI, synthetic ghrelin agonists stimulate GI transit through a peripheral site of action. However, in the defecation assay, our data suggest that a ghrelin-mediated mechanism is located at a central site. Taken together, a ghrelin agonist with both central and peripheral prokinetic activity may show therapeutic potential to treat delayed GI transit disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan N Mohammadi
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience (E.N.M., B.G.-V.M.), Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), and VA Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; HDB Biosciences Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.F.); and Helsinn Healthcare SA, RPD Department, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P., C.G.)
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience (E.N.M., B.G.-V.M.), Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), and VA Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; HDB Biosciences Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.F.); and Helsinn Healthcare SA, RPD Department, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P., C.G.)
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience (E.N.M., B.G.-V.M.), Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), and VA Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; HDB Biosciences Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.F.); and Helsinn Healthcare SA, RPD Department, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P., C.G.)
| | - Li Fugang
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience (E.N.M., B.G.-V.M.), Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), and VA Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; HDB Biosciences Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.F.); and Helsinn Healthcare SA, RPD Department, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P., C.G.)
| | - Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience (E.N.M., B.G.-V.M.), Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), and VA Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; HDB Biosciences Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.F.); and Helsinn Healthcare SA, RPD Department, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P., C.G.)
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18
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Rudd JA, Chan SW, Ngan MP, Tu L, Lu Z, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C. Corrigendum: Anti-emetic Action of the Brain-Penetrating New Ghrelin Agonist, HM01, Alone and in Combination With the 5-HT 3 Antagonist, Palonosetron and With the NK 1 Antagonist, Netupitant, Against Cisplatin- and Motion-Induced Emesis in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 30310382 PMCID: PMC6173214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00869.].
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rudd
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sze W Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Hong Kong
| | - Man P Ngan
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Longlong Tu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zengbing Lu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Research and Development, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Lovati
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Research and Development, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Research and Development, Lugano, Switzerland
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Daina A, Giuliano C, Pietra C, Wang J, Chi Y, Zou Z, Li F, Yan Z, Zhou Y, Guainazzi A, Garcia Rubio S, Zoete V. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists as Potential Treatment against Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11039-11060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Daina
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare, CH-6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare, CH-6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yushi Chi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zack Zou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Zhonghua Yan
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Angelo Guainazzi
- Research and Development Department, Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United-States
| | - Silvina Garcia Rubio
- Research and Development Department, Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United-States
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Lausanne University, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Route de la Corniche 9A, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Rudd JA, Chan SW, Ngan MP, Tu L, Lu Z, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C. Anti-emetic Action of the Brain-Penetrating New Ghrelin Agonist, HM01, Alone and in Combination With the 5-HT 3 Antagonist, Palonosetron and With the NK 1 Antagonist, Netupitant, Against Cisplatin- and Motion-Induced Emesis in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:869. [PMID: 30127745 PMCID: PMC6087754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin has well-known activity to stimulate appetite and weight gain. Evidence suggests that ghrelin may also have effects in reducing chemotherapy-induced emesis via growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R1A) in the brain. However, it is not known whether the stimulation of GHS-R1A has broad inhibitory anti-emetic effects. In the present studies, we used Suncus murinus to investigate the potential of the new and novel orally bioavailable brain-penetrating GHS-R1A mimetic, HM01 (1-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-3-[(4R)-1-Methyl-3,3-dimethyl-4-piperidyl]urea), to reduce emesis induced by a variety of emetic challenges. HM01 (1 to 30 mg/kg, p.o.) antagonized emesis induced by cisplatin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and by motion (4 cm horizontal displacement, 1 Hz) but was ineffective against emesis induced by nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) and copper sulfate (120 mg/kg by intragastric gavage). In other experiments, HM01 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced the anti-emetic control of a regimen of palonosetron (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) alone and palonosetron (0.01 mg/kg p.o.) plus netupitant (1 mg/kg, p.o.). HM01 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) also had positive effects in increasing feeding and drinking in nicotine-treated animals, and it shortened the latency to drink in animals treated with cisplatin. These data indicate that brain-penetrating GHS-R1A agonists may have use alone and/or in combination with standard anti-emetic regimens for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and motion sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rudd
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sze W Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Hong Kong
| | - Man P Ngan
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Longlong Tu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zengbing Lu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Research and Development, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Lovati
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Research and Development, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Research and Development, Lugano, Switzerland
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Lopez C, Giuliano C, Gersztein A, Angulo A, Ruybal P. Chagas disease panniculitis in a patient with AIDS. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abegg K, Bernasconi L, Hutter M, Whiting L, Pietra C, Giuliano C, Lutz TA, Riediger T. Ghrelin receptor inverse agonists as a novel therapeutic approach against obesity-related metabolic disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1740-1750. [PMID: 28544245 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ghrelin is implicated in the control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. The ghrelin receptor exhibits ligand-independent constitutive activity, which can be pharmacologically exploited to induce inverse ghrelin actions. Because ghrelin receptor inverse agonists (GHSR-IA) might be effective for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disease, we tested 2 novel synthetic compounds GHSR-IA1 and GHSR-IA2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In functional cell assays, electrophysiogical and immunohistochemical experiments, we demonstrated inverse agonist activity for GHSR-IA1 and GHSR-IA2. We used healthy mice, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice to explore effects on food intake (FI), body weight (BW), conditioned taste aversion (CTA), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), pancreatic islet morphology, hepatic steatosis (HS), and blood lipids. RESULTS Both compounds acutely reduced FI in mice without inducing CTA. Chronic GHSR-IA1 increased metabolic rate in chow-fed mice, suppressed FI, and improved OGT in ZDF rats. Moreover, the progression of islet hyperplasia to fibrosis in ZDF rats slowed down. GHSR-IA2 reduced FI and BW in DIO mice, and reduced fasting and stimulated glucose levels compared with pair-fed and vehicle-treated mice. GHSR-IA2-treated DIO mice showed decreased blood lipids. GHSR-IA1 treatment markedly decreased HS in DIO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates therapeutic actions of novel ghrelin receptor inverse agonists, suggesting a potential to treat obesity-related metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Abegg
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Bernasconi
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Hutter
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lynda Whiting
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Riediger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Giuliano C, Samuel R, Falls R, Woessner M, Hopper I, Vogrin S, Neil C. Relative Effectiveness of Exercise Training, Versus Pharmacotherapies in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Meta-Analysis Focussing on Exercise Outcomes. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rudd JA, Ngan MP, Lu Z, Higgins GA, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C. Profile of Antiemetic Activity of Netupitant Alone or in Combination with Palonosetron and Dexamethasone in Ferrets and Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew). Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:263. [PMID: 27630563 PMCID: PMC5005416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Chemotherapy-induced acute and delayed emesis involves the activation of multiple pathways, with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) playing a major role in the initial response. Substance P tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists can reduce emesis induced by disparate emetic challenges and therefore have a clinical utility as broad inhibitory anti-emetic drugs. In the present studies, we investigate the broad inhibitory anti-emetic profile of a relatively new NK1 receptor antagonist, netupitant, alone or in combination with the long acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, palonosetron, for a potential to reduce emesis in ferrets and shrews. Materials and Methods: Ferrets were pretreated with netupitant and/or palonosetron, and then administered apomorphine (0.125 mg/kg, s.c.), morphine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), ipecacuanha (1.2 mg/kg, p.o.), copper sulfate (100 mg/kg, intragastric), or cisplatin (5–10 mg/kg, i.p.); in other studies netupitant was administered to Suncus murinus before motion (4 cm horizontal displacement, 2 Hz for 10 min). Results: Netupitant (3 mg/kg, p.o.) abolished apomorphine-, morphine-, ipecacuanha- and copper sulfate-induced emesis. Lower doses of netupitant (0.03–0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently reduced cisplatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced emesis in an acute (8 h) model, and motion-induced emesis in S. murinus. In a ferret cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced acute and delayed emesis model, netupitant administered once at 3 mg/kg, p.o., abolished the first 24 h response and reduced the 24–72 h response by 94.6%; the reduction was markedly superior to the effect of a three times per day administration of ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p.). A single administration of netupitant (1 mg/kg, p.o.) plus palonosetron (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) combined with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p., once per day), also significantly antagonized cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis and was comparable with a once-daily regimen of ondansetron (1 mg/kg, p.o.) plus aprepitant (1 mg/kg, p.o.) in combination with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusion: In conclusion, netupitant has potent and long lasting anti-emetic activity against a number of emetic challenges indicating broad inhibitory properties. The convenience of protection afforded by the single dosing of netupitant together with palonosetron was demonstrated and also is known to provide an advantage over other therapeutic strategies to control emesis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rudd
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Man P Ngan
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Zengbing Lu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical, Helsinn Healthcare SA., Lugano Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Lovati
- Research and Preclinical, Helsinn Healthcare SA., Lugano Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Research and Preclinical, Helsinn Healthcare SA., Lugano Switzerland
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Borner T, Loi L, Pietra C, Giuliano C, Lutz TA, Riediger T. The ghrelin receptor agonist HM01 mimics the neuronal effects of ghrelin in the arcuate nucleus and attenuates anorexia-cachexia syndrome in tumor-bearing rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R89-96. [PMID: 27147616 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00044.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gastric hormone ghrelin positively affects energy balance by increasing food intake and reducing energy expenditure. Ghrelin mimetics are a possible treatment against cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS). This study aimed to characterize the action of the nonpeptidergic ghrelin receptor agonist HM01 on neuronal function, energy homeostasis and muscle mass in healthy rats and to evaluate its possible usefulness for the treatment of CACS in a rat tumor model. Using extracellular single-unit recordings, we tested whether HM01 mimics the effects of ghrelin on neuronal activity in the arcuate nucleus (Arc). Furthermore, we assessed the effect of chronic HM01 treatment on food intake (FI), body weight (BW), lean and fat volumes, and muscle mass in healthy rats. Using a hepatoma model, we investigated the possible beneficial effects of HM01 on tumor-induced anorexia, BW loss, muscle wasting, and metabolic rate. HM01 (10(-7)-10(-6) M) mimicked the effect of ghrelin (10(-8) M) by increasing the firing rate in 76% of Arc neurons. HM01 delivered chronically for 12 days via osmotic minipumps (50 μg/h) increased FI in healthy rats by 24%, paralleled by increased BW, higher fat and lean volumes, and higher muscle mass. Tumor-bearing rats treated with HM01 had 30% higher FI than tumor-bearing controls and were protected against BW loss. HM01 treatment resulted in higher muscle mass and fat mass. Moreover, tumor-bearing rats reduced their metabolic rate following HM01 treatment. Our studies substantiate the possible therapeutic usefulness of ghrelin receptor agonists like HM01 for the treatment of CACS and possibly other forms of disease-related anorexia and cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Borner
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Human Integrative Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Laura Loi
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Helsinn Healthcare SA, Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Human Integrative Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Thomas Riediger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Human Integrative Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
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Ruzza C, Rizzi A, Malfacini D, Molinari S, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Calo' G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of Pronetupitant, a prodrug of the neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist Netupitant. Peptides 2015; 69:26-32. [PMID: 25843024 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological activity of Pronetupitant, a novel compound designed to act as prodrug of the NK1 antagonist Netupitant. In receptor binding experiments Pronetupitant displayed high selectivity for the NK1 receptor. In a calcium mobilization assay performed on CHONK1 cells Pronetupitant (100 nM, 15 min preincubation) behaved as an NK1 antagonist more potent than Netupitant (pK(B) 8.72 and 7.54, respectively). In the guinea pig ileum bioassay Pronetupitant antagonized the contractile effect of SP showing a similar potency as Netupitant (pK(B)≈9). Similar results were obtained with 5 min preincubation time while at 2 min only Pronetupitant produced significant effects. In vivo in mice the intrathecal injection of 0.1 nmol SP elicited the typical scratching, biting and licking (SBL) nociceptive response. This effect of SP was dose dependently (0.1-10 mg/kg) antagonized by Pronetupitant given intravenously 2 h before the peptide. Superimposable results were obtained using Netupitant. Pharmacokinetic studies performed in rats demonstrate that Pronetupitant, after i.v. administration, is quickly (few minutes) and completely converted to Netupitant. Collectively the present results indicated that Pronetupitant acts in vitro as selective NK1 antagonist more potent than Netupitant. However based on the short half-life measured for Pronetupitant in rats, the in vivo action of Pronetupitant can be entirely interpreted as due to its conversion to Netupitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Molinari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Preclinical Research and Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Lovati
- Preclinical Research and Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Preclinical Research and Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Giuliano C, Cowie K, Saliba J, Scholes E, Fisher K, Cox N, Neil C. Barriers to exercise rehabilitation in the older adult with heart failure. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Karasawa H, Pietra C, Giuliano C, Garcia-Rubio S, Xu X, Yakabi S, Taché Y, Wang L. New ghrelin agonist, HM01 alleviates constipation and L-dopa-delayed gastric emptying in 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1771-82. [PMID: 25327342 PMCID: PMC4457321 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation and L-dopa-induced gastric dysmotility are common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the novel ghrelin agonist, HM01 influence on GI motor dysfunctions in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rats. METHODS HM01 pharmacological profiles were determined in vitro and in vivo in rats. We assessed changes in fecal output and water content, and gastric emptying (GE) in 6-OHDA rats treated with orogastric (og) HM01 and L-dopa/carbidopa (LD/CD, 20/2 mg/kg). Fos immunoreactivity (ir) cells in specific brain and lumbosacral spinal cord were quantified. KEY RESULTS HM01 displayed a high binding affinity to ghrelin receptor (Ki: 1.42 ± 0.36 nM), 4.3 ± 1.0 h half-life and high brain/plasma ratio. 6-OHDA rats had reduced daily fecal output (22%) and water intake (23%) compared to controls. HM01 (3 and 10 mg/kg) similarly reversed the decreased 4-h fecal weight and water content in 6-OHDA rats. Basal GE was not modified in 6-OHDA rats, however, LD/CD (once or daily for 8 days) delayed GE in 6-OHDA and control rats that was prevented by HM01 (3 mg/kg acute or daily before LD/CD). HM01 increased Fos-ir cell number in the area postrema, arcuate nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and lumbosacral intermediolateral column of 6-OHDA rats where 6-OHDA had a lowering effect compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES 6-OHDA rats display constipation- and adipsia-like features of PD and L-dopa-inhibited GE. The new orally active ghrelin agonist, HM01 crosses the blood-brain barrier and alleviates these alterations suggesting a potential benefit for PD with GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Karasawa
- Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Spinelli T, Calcagnile S, Giuliano C, Rossi G, Lanzarotti C, Mair S, Stevens L, Nisbet I. Netupitant PET imaging and ADME studies in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 54:97-108. [PMID: 24122871 PMCID: PMC4282341 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Netupitant is a new, selective NK1 receptor antagonist under development for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the brain receptor occupancy (RO) and disposition (ADME) of netupitant in humans. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the NK1 receptor-binding-selective tracer [(11) C]-GR205171 was used to evaluate the brain penetration of different doses of netupitant (100, 300, and 450 mg) and to determine the NK1 -RO duration. A NK1 -RO of 90% or higher was achieved with all doses in the majority of the tested brain regions at Cmax, with a long duration of RO. The netupitant minimal plasma concentration predicted to achieve a NK1 -RO of 90%, C90% , in the striatum was 225 ng/mL; after administration of netupitant 300 mg, concentrations exceeded the C90% . In the ADME study, a single nominal dose of [(14) C]-netupitant 300 mg was used to assess its disposition. Absorption was rapid and netupitant was extensively metabolized via Phase I and II hepatic metabolism. Elimination of >90% was predicted at day 29 and was principally via hepatic/biliary route (>85%) with a minor contribution of the renal route (<5%). In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that netupitant is a potent agent targeting NK1 receptors with long lasting RO. In addition, netupitant is extensively metabolized and is mainly eliminated through the hepatic/biliary route and to a lesser extent via the kidneys.
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Palmero Aprosio A, Giuliano C, Lavelli A. Automatic Expansion of DBpedia Exploiting Wikipedia Cross-Language Information. The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38288-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Voisin D, Giuliano C, Baumann S. Bioequivalence and Absolute Bioavailability of a Single Oral Dose of Two Formulations of 0.75 Mg Palonosetron in Healthy Volunteers (HV). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Giuliano C, Lovati E, Funk C, Potthast M, Pietra C. In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Studies with the Antiemetic Drug Netupitant and its Major Metabolites M1 and M2, Involving Several Human Cytochrome P450 Isoenzymes. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Giuliano C, Calcagnile S, Mair S, Stevens L, Nisbet I. Adme Study of [14c] Netupitant Administered as an oral 300 Mg Suspension to Healthy Male Subjects. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Di Francesco ME, Avolio S, Pompei M, Pesci S, Monteagudo E, Pucci V, Giuliano C, Fiore F, Rowley M, Summa V. Synthesis and antiviral properties of novel 7-heterocyclic substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleoside inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4801-11. [PMID: 22770556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations in our laboratories resulted in the discovery of a novel series of potent nucleoside inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase bearing tetracyclic 7-substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleobases. The planarity of such modified systems was suggested to play a role in the high inhibitory potency observed. This paper describes how we envisaged to maintain the desired planarity of the modified nucleobase by means of an intra-molecular H-bond, engaging a H-bond donor atom on an appropriately substituted 7-heterocyclic residue with the adjacent amino group of the nucleobase. The success of this strategy is reflected by the identification of several novel potent nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B bearing a 7-heterocyclic substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleobase. Amongst these, the 1,2,4-oxadiazole analog 11 showed high antiviral potency against HCV replication in replicon cells and efficient conversion to the corresponding NTP in vivo, with high and sustained levels of NTP measured in rat liver following intravenous and oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emilia Di Francesco
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti S.p.A., Merck Research Laboratories Rome, Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy.
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37
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Harper S, McCauley JA, Rudd MT, Ferrara M, DiFilippo M, Crescenzi B, Koch U, Petrocchi A, Holloway MK, Butcher JW, Romano JJ, Bush KJ, Gilbert KF, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Nizi E, Carroll SS, Ludmerer SW, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, McHale CM, Stahlhut MW, Olsen DB, Monteagudo E, Cianetti S, Giuliano C, Pucci V, Trainor N, Fandozzi CM, Rowley M, Coleman PJ, Vacca JP, Summa V, Liverton NJ. Discovery of MK-5172, a Macrocyclic Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:332-6. [PMID: 24900473 DOI: 10.1021/ml300017p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors containing a P2 to P4 macrocyclic constraint was designed using a molecular modeling-derived strategy. Building on the profile of previous clinical compounds and exploring the P2 and linker regions of the series allowed for optimization of broad genotype and mutant enzyme potency, cellular activity, and rat liver exposure following oral dosing. These studies led to the identification of clinical candidate 15 (MK-5172), which is active against genotype 1-3 NS3/4a and clinically relevant mutant enzymes and has good plasma exposure and excellent liver exposure in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Harper
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - John A. McCauley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrara
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello DiFilippo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Crescenzi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Koch
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Katharine Holloway
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - John W. Butcher
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kimberly J. Bush
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin F. Gilbert
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles J. McIntyre
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin T. Nguyen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Nizi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven S. Carroll
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven W. Ludmerer
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Burlein
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Donald J. Graham
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolyn M. McHale
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark W. Stahlhut
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - David B. Olsen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Cianetti
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pucci
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Trainor
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine M. Fandozzi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Rowley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul J. Coleman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
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38
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Narjes F, Crescenzi B, Ferrara M, Habermann J, Colarusso S, Ferreira MDRR, Stansfield I, Mackay AC, Conte I, Ercolani C, Zaramella S, Palumbi MC, Meuleman P, Leroux-Roels G, Giuliano C, Fiore F, Di Marco S, Baiocco P, Koch U, Migliaccio G, Altamura S, Laufer R, De Francesco R, Rowley M. Discovery of (7R)-14-cyclohexyl-7-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl) amino}-7,8-dihydro-6H-indolo[1,2-e][1,5]benzoxazocine-11-carboxylic acid (MK-3281), a potent and orally bioavailable finger-loop inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Med Chem 2010; 54:289-301. [PMID: 21141896 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The polymerase of HCV is responsible for the replication of viral genome and has been a prime target for drug discovery efforts. Here, we report on the further development of tetracyclic indole inhibitors, binding to an allosteric site on the thumb domain. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around an indolo-benzoxazocine scaffold led to the identification of compound 33 (MK-3281), an inhibitor with good potency in the HCV subgenomic replication assay and attractive molecular properties suitable for a clinical candidate. The compound caused a consistent decrease in viremia in vivo using the chimeric mouse model of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Narjes
- Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti SpA (Merck Research Laboratories, Rome), Pomezia, Italy.
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39
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Cianetti S, Cooper VB, Attenni B, Pucci V, Fiore F, Giuliano C, Laufer R, Gardelli C, Monteagudo E, Narjes F, Pearce GE, Rowley M. Enhancement of intestinal absorption of 2-methyl cytidine prodrugs. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:214-22. [PMID: 20233089 DOI: 10.3109/10717541003667814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo absorption enhancement of a nucleoside (phosphoramidate prodrug of 2'-methyl-cytidine) anti-viral agent of proven efficacy by means of intestinal permeation enhancers. Natural nucleosides are hydrophilic molecules that do not rapidly penetrate cell membranes by diffusion and their absorption relies on specialized transporters. Therefore, the oral absorption of nucleoside prodrugs and the target organ concentration of the biologically active nucleotide can be limited due to poor permeation across the intestinal epithelium. In the present study, the specificity, concentration dependence, and effect of four classes of absorption promoters, i.e. fatty acids, steroidal detergents, mucoadhesive polymers, and secretory transport inhibitors, were evaluated in a rat in vivo model. Sodium caprate and alpha-tocopheryl-polyethyleneglycol-1000-succinate (TPGS) showed a significant effect in increasing liver concentration of nucleotide (5-fold). These results suggested that both excipients might be suited in a controlled release matrix for the synchronous release of the drug and absorption promoter directly to the site of absorption and highlights that the effect is strictly dependent on the absorption promoter dose. The feasibility of such a formulation approach in humans was evaluated with the aim of developing a solid dosage form for the peroral delivery of nucleosides and showed that these excipients do provide a potential valuable tool in pre-clinical efficacy studies to drive discovery programs forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cianetti
- IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Via Pontina Km 30600, 00040, Pomezia (RM), Italy.
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40
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Abstract
Noradrenergic transmission has been implicated in the affective component of relapse to tobacco smoking. Evidence in human and laboratory animals showed that smoking or nicotine administration may cause changes of the noradrenergic system resulting in hyperactivity in this system after cessation. It has been hypothesised that the anti-adrenergic beta-blocker propranolol may decrease affective activation and arousal observed during drug withdrawal or cue-induced relapse. The aim of the present work was to test the effects of propranolol pre-treatment in a rat model of nicotine cue-induced relapse to nicotine seeking. We also tested the effects of propranolol on food cue-induced reinstatement of food seeking in rats trained on food self-administration. Propranolol transiently inhibited nicotine cue-induced reinstatement. The inhibitory effect of propranolol reached a peak after 30 min from the beginning of the reinstatement session and then it declined until it was completely absent at the end of the 3-h session. This inhibitory effect of propranolol was not observed when the drug was tested versus reinstatement with food cues. The present study suggests a weak effect of propranolol to counteract nicotine cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Therefore, these findings do not support a potential use of propranolol for prevention of smoking relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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41
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Meppen M, Pacini B, Bazzo R, Koch U, Leone JF, Koeplinger KA, Rowley M, Altamura S, Di Marco A, Fiore F, Giuliano C, Gonzalez-Paz O, Laufer R, Pucci V, Narjes F, Gardelli C. Cyclic phosphoramidates as prodrugs of 2′-C-methylcytidine. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3765-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Gardelli C, Attenni B, Donghi M, Meppen M, Pacini B, Harper S, Di Marco A, Fiore F, Giuliano C, Pucci V, Laufer R, Gennari N, Marcucci I, Leone JF, Olsen DB, MacCoss M, Rowley M, Narjes F. Phosphoramidate Prodrugs of 2′-C-Methylcytidine for Therapy of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5394-407. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900447q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gardelli
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Barbara Attenni
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Monica Donghi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Malte Meppen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Barbara Pacini
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Steven Harper
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Annalise Di Marco
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiore
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pucci
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Ralph Laufer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Nadia Gennari
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Isabella Marcucci
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Joseph F. Leone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David B. Olsen
- Department of Antiviral Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Malcolm MacCoss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Michael Rowley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Frank Narjes
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
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43
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Pucci V, Giuliano C, Zhang R, Koeplinger KA, Leone JF, Monteagudo E, Bonelli F. HILIC LC-MS for the determination of 2'-C-methyl-cytidine-triphosphate in rat liver. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1275-83. [PMID: 19347863 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A very accurate and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 2'-C-modified nucleoside triphosphate in liver tissue samples. An efficient pretreatment procedure of liver tissue samples was developed, using a fully automated SPE procedure with 96-well SPE plate (weak anion exchange sorbent, 30 mg). Nucleotide hydrophilic interaction chromatography has been performed on an aminopropyl column (100 mm x 2.0 mm, 3 microm) using a gradient mixture of ACN and ACN/water (5:95 v/v) with 20 mM ammonium acetate at pH 9.45 as mobile phase at 300 microL/min flow rate. The 2'-C-modified nucleoside triphosphate was detected in the negative ESI mode in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Calibration curve was linear over the 0.05-50 microM concentration range. Satisfying results, confirming the high reliability of the established LC-MS/MS method, were obtained for intraday precision (CV = 2.5-9.1%) and accuracy (92.6-94.8%) and interday precision (CV = 9.6-11.5%) and accuracy (94.4-102.4%) as well as for recovery (82.0-112.6%) and selectivity. The method has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies of 2'-C-methyl-cytidine-triphosphate in liver tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Pucci
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Conte I, Giuliano C, Ercolani C, Narjes F, Koch U, Rowley M, Altamura S, De Francesco R, Neddermann P, Migliaccio G, Stansfield I. Synthesis and SAR of piperazinyl-N-phenylbenzamides as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1779-83. [PMID: 19216075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The RNA replication machinery of HCV is a multi-subunit membrane-associated complex. NS5A has emerged as an active component of HCV replicase, possibly involved in regulation of viral replication and resistance to the antiviral effect of interferon. We report here substituted piperazinyl-N-(aryl)benzamides as potent inhibitors of HCV replication exerted via modulation of the dimerization of NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Conte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare "P. Angeletti" S.p.A., Merck Research Laboratories Rome, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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Giuliano C, Fiore F, Di Marco A, Padron Velazquez J, Bishop A, Bonelli F, Gonzalez-Paz O, Marcucci I, Harper S, Narjes F, Pacini B, Monteagudo E, Migliaccio G, Rowley M, Laufer R. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a potent non-nucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Xenobiotica 2008; 35:1035-54. [PMID: 16393860 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500356548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The disposition of compound A, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase, was characterized in animals in support of its selection for further development. Compound A exhibited marked species differences in pharmacokinetics. Plasma clearance was 44 ml min-1 kg-1 in rats, 9 ml min-1 kg-1 in dogs and 16 ml min-1 kg-1 in rhesus monkeys. Oral bioavailability was low in rats (10%) but significantly higher in dogs (52%) and monkeys (26%). Compound A was eliminated primarily by metabolism in rats, with biliary excretion accounting for 30% of its clearance. Metabolism was mainly mediated by cyclohexyl hydroxylation, with N-deethylation and acyl glucuronide formation constituting minor metabolic pathways. Qualitatively, the same metabolites were identified using in vitro systems from all species studied, including humans. The low oral bioavailability of compound A in rats was mostly due to poor intestinal absorption. This conclusion was borne out by the findings that hepatic extraction in the rat was only 30%, intraperitoneal bioavailability was good, and compound A was poorly absorbed from the rat isolated intestinal loop, with no detectable intestinal metabolism. Compound A was not an inhibitor of major human cytochrome P450 enzymes, indicating minimal potential for clinical drug-drug interactions. The metabolic clearance of compound A in rat, dog and monkey hepatocytes correlated with the systemic clearance observed in these species. Since compound A was very stable in human hepatocytes, the results suggest that it will be a low clearance drug in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giuliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare (IRBM) P. Angeletti, Merck Research Laboratories Rome, Pomezia, Italy
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46
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Abstract
We present an approach for extracting relations between named entities from natural language documents. The approach is based solely on shallow linguistic processing, such as tokenization, sentence splitting, part-of-speech tagging, and lemmatization. It uses a combination of kernel functions to integrate two different information sources: (i) the whole sentence where the relation appears, and (ii) the local contexts around the interacting entities. We present the results of experiments on extracting five different types of relations from a dataset of newswire documents and show that each information source provides a useful contribution to the recognition task. Usually the combined kernel significantly increases the precision with respect to the basic kernels, sometimes at the cost of a slightly lower recall. Moreover, we performed a set of experiments to assess the influence of the accuracy of named-entity recognition on the performance of the relation-extraction algorithm. Such experiments were performed using both the correct named entities (i.e., those manually annotated in the corpus) and the noisy named entities (i.e., those produced by a machine learning-based named-entity recognizer). The results show that our approach significantly improves the previous results obtained on the same dataset.
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47
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Stansfield I, Pompei M, Conte I, Ercolani C, Migliaccio G, Jairaj M, Giuliano C, Rowley M, Narjes F. Development of carboxylic acid replacements in indole-N-acetamide inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5143-9. [PMID: 17681757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric inhibition of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme has recently emerged as a viable strategy toward blocking replication of viral RNA in cell-based systems. We report here 2 series of indole-N-acetamides, bearing physicochemically diverse carboxylic acid replacements, which show potent affinity for the NS5B enzyme with reduced potential for formation of glucuronide conjugates. Preliminary optimization of these series furnished compounds that are potent in the blockade of subgenomic HCV RNA replication in HUH-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Stansfield
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
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Raubo P, Giuliano C, Hill AW, Huscroft IT, London C, Reeve A, Seward EM, Swain CG, Kulagowski JJ. Stereoselective Synthesis of a Potent Human NK1Receptor Antagonist via Acyl-Claisen Rearrangement. Synlett 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-932489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ponzi S, Giuliano C, Donghi M, Poma M, Matassa V, Stansfield I. Phenyldihydroxypyrimidines as HCV NS5B RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors. Part II: Sulfonamides. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180054771527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Harper S, Avolio S, Pacini B, Di Filippo M, Altamura S, Tomei L, Paonessa G, Di Marco S, Carfi A, Giuliano C, Padron J, Bonelli F, Migliaccio G, De Francesco R, Laufer R, Rowley M, Narjes F. Potent Inhibitors of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication through Optimization of Indole-N-Acetamide Allosteric Inhibitors of the Viral NS5B Polymerase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4547-57. [PMID: 15999993 DOI: 10.1021/jm050056+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. Compounds that block replication of subgenomic HCV RNA in liver cells are of interest because of their demonstrated antiviral effect in the clinic. In followup to our recent report that indole-N-acetamides (e.g., 1) are potent allosteric inhibitors of the HCV NS5B polymerase enzyme, we describe here their optimization as cell-based inhibitors. The crystal structure of 1 bound to NS5B was a guide in the design of a two-dimensional compound array that highlighted that formally zwitterionic inhibitors have strong intracellular potency and that pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation (an undesired off-target activity) is linked to a structural feature of the inhibitor. Optimized analogues devoid of PXR activation (e.g., 55, EC(50) = 127 nM) retain strong cell-based efficacy under high serum conditions and show acceptable pharmacokinetics parameters in rat and dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Harper
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories, Rome), Pomezia, Italy.
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