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Liu R, Zhang X, Yan J, Liu S, Li Y, Wu G, Gao J. Penehyclidine hydrochloride alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting pyroptosis. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:207. [PMID: 38671448 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to examine how penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) impacts the occurrence of pyroptosis in lung tissue cells within a rat model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 250 g to 270 g, were randomly distributed into three distinct groups as outlined below: a sham operation group (S group), a control group (C group), and a test group (PHC group). Rats in the PHC group received a preliminary intravenous injection of PHC at a dose of 3 mg/kg. At the conclusion of the experiment, lung tissue and blood samples were collected and properly stored for subsequent analysis. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and myeloperoxidase in the lung tissue, as well as IL-18 and IL-1β in the blood serum, were assessed using an Elisa kit. Pyroptosis-related proteins, including Caspase1 p20, GSDMD-N, and NLRP3, were detected through the western blot method. Additionally, the dry-to-wet ratio (D/W) of the lung tissue and the findings from the blood gas analysis were also documented. RESULTS In contrast to the control group, the PHC group showed enhancements in oxygenation metrics, reductions in oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, and a decrease in lung injury. Additionally, the PHC group exhibited lowered levels of pyroptosis-associated proteins, including the N-terminal segment of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), caspase-1p20, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). CONCLUSION Pre-administration of PHC has the potential to mitigate lung ischemia-reperfusion injuries by suppressing the pyroptosis of lung tissue cells, diminishing inflammatory reactions, and enhancing lung function. The primary mechanism behind anti-pyroptotic effect of PHC appears to involve the inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO. 215 of HePing West Road, Xinhua District Shijiazhuang, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Electron microscope room, Hebei Medical University, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Yongle Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Guangyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Jingui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO. 215 of HePing West Road, Xinhua District Shijiazhuang, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Mjörnstedt F, Miljanovic A, Wilhelmsson R, Levin M, Johansson ME. Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist PHA 568487 Reduces Acute Inflammation but Does Not Affect Cardiac Function or Myocardial Infarct Size in the Permanent Occlusion Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4414. [PMID: 38674000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has shown beneficial effects in several acute inflammatory disease models. This study aims to examine whether treatment with the selective α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 can dampen inflammation and thereby improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice. The possible anti-inflammatory properties of α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 were tested in vivo using the air pouch model and in a permanent occlusion model of acute myocardial infarction in mice. Hematologic parameters and cytokine levels were determined. Infarct size and cardiac function were assessed via echocardiography 24 h and one week after the infarction. Treatment with α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 decreased 12 (CCL27, CXCL5, IL6, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL1, CCL2, MIP1a, MIP2, CXCL16, CXCL12 and CCL25) out of 33 cytokines in the air pouch model of acute inflammation. However, α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 did not alter infarct size, ejection fraction, cardiac output or stroke volume at 24 h or at 7 days after the myocardial infarction compared with control mice. In conclusion, despite promising immunomodulatory effects in the acute inflammatory air pouch model, α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 did not affect infarct size or cardiac function after a permanent occlusion model of acute myocardial infarction in mice. Consequently, this study does not strengthen the hypothesis that stimulation of the α7nAChR is a future treatment strategy for acute myocardial infarction when reperfusion is lacking. However, whether other agonists of the α7nAChR can have different effects remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Wilhelmsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Levin
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lou D, Duan H, Wang D, Cao Y, Cui J, Duan J, Tan J. Characterization of a novel 3-quinuclidinone reductase possessing remarkable thermostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130799. [PMID: 38479663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The 3-quinuclidinone reductase plays an irreplaceable role in the biopreparation of (R)-3-quinuclidinol, an intermediate vital for synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Thermal robustness is a critical factor for enzymatic synthesis in industrial applications. This study characterized a new 3-quinuclidinone reductase, named SaQR, with significant thermal stability. The SaQR was overexpressed in a GST-fused state, and substrate and cofactor screening were conducted. Additionally, three-dimensional structure prediction using AlphaFold and analysis were performed, along with relevant thermostability tests, and the evaluation of factors influencing enzyme activity. The findings highlight the remarkable thermostability of SaQR, retaining over 90% of its activity after 72 h at 50°C, with an optimal operational temperature of 85°C. SaQR showed typical structural traits of the SDR superfamily, with its cofactor-determining residue being aspartic acid, conferring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) preference. Moreover, K+ and Na+, at a concentration of 400 mM, could significantly enhance the activity, while Mg2+ and Mn2+ only display inhibitory effects within the tested concentration range. The findings of molecular dynamics simulations suggest that high temperatures may disrupt the binding of enzyme to substrate by increasing the flexibility of residues 205-215. In conclusion, this study reports a novel 3-quinuclidinone reductase with remarkable thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Hongtao Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jinghao Cui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jingfa Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Žunec S, Vadlja D, Ramić A, Zandona A, Maraković N, Brekalo I, Primožič I, Katalinić M. Profiling Novel Quinuclidine-Based Derivatives as Potential Anticholinesterase Drugs: Enzyme Inhibition and Effects on Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:155. [PMID: 38203326 PMCID: PMC10778980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system, relying on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), plays a significant role in muscle contraction, cognition, and autonomic nervous system regulation. The enzymes acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, responsible for hydrolyzing ACh, can fine-tune the cholinergic system's activity and are, therefore, excellent pharmacological targets to address a range of medical conditions. We designed, synthesized, and profiled 14 N-alkyl quaternary quinuclidines as inhibitors of human AChE and BChE and analyzed their impact on cell viability to assess their safety in the context of application as potential therapeutics. Our results showed that all of the 14 tested quinuclidines inhibited both AChE and BChE in the micromolar range (Ki = 0.26 - 156.2 μM). The highest inhibition potency was observed for two bisquaternary derivatives, 7 (1,1'-(decano)bis(3-hydroxyquinuclidinium bromide)) and 14 (1,1'-(decano)bis(3-hydroxyiminoquinuclidinium bromide)). The cytotoxic effect within 7-200 μM was observed only for monoquaternary quinuclidine derivatives, especially those with the C12-C16 alkyl chain. Further analysis revealed a time-independent mechanism of action, significant LDH release, and a decrease in the cells' mitochondrial membrane potential. Taking all results into consideration, we can confirm that a quinuclidine core presents a good scaffold for cholinesterase binding and that two bisquaternary quinuclidine derivatives could be considered as candidates worth further investigations as drugs acting in the cholinergic system. On the other hand, specific cell-related effects probably triggered by the free long alkyl chain in monoquaternary quinuclidine derivatives should not be neglected in future N-alkyl quaternary quinuclidine derivative structure refinements. Such an effect and their potential to interact with other specific targets, as indicated by a pharmacophore model, open up a new perspective for future investigations of these compounds' scaffold in the treatment of specific conditions and diseases other than cholinergic system-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Žunec
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Donna Vadlja
- Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia, Trg Kralja Petra Krešimira IV br. 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Alma Ramić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.R.); (I.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Antonio Zandona
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Iva Brekalo
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.R.); (I.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Ines Primožič
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.R.); (I.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
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Lin D, Cui B, Qi Z, Liu W, Zhang G. A New Aspect of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride in Alleviating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Ferroptosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1373-1382. [PMID: 37584895 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is an anticholinergic drug with cardioprotective effects. Ferroptosis is closely related to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). In the present study, MIRI was induced in rats by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. PHC pretreatment increased haemodynamic parameters and histopathological damage and reduced myocardial infarction size in the MIRI model. PHC pretreatment also inhibited ferroptosis, which was characterized by the decreased levels of Fe2+, 4-hydroxynonenal and ACSL4, and increased levels of GPX4, GSH-Px and GST. In response to 6 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation and 18 h of reoxygenation, PHC pretreatment had the same effects on these factors in H9c2 cells and reduced lipid ROS levels. Furthermore, ACSL4 overexpression reversed the protective effects of PHC on H9c2 cells. These results indicated that PHC inhibited MIRI through ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis. This study demonstrated that PHC could inhibit ferroptosis in MIRI and the relationship among PHC, ACSL4, ferroptosis and MIRI. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of PHC on ferroptosis and showed that PHC affects MIRI through ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomao Lin
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Boqun Cui
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyou Qi
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanzheng Zhang
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Yao R, Jensen AA, Bryce-Rogers HP, Schultz-Knudsen K, Zhou L, Hovendal NP, Pedersen H, Kubus M, Ulven T, Laraia L. Identification of 5-HT2 Serotonin Receptor Modulators through the Synthesis of a Diverse, Tropane- and Quinuclidine-alkaloid-Inspired Compound Library. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11536-11554. [PMID: 37566000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The recombination of natural product (NP) fragments in unprecedented ways has emerged as an important strategy for bioactive compound discovery. In this context, we propose that privileged primary fragments predicted to be enriched in activity against a specific target class can be coupled to diverse secondary fragments to engineer selectivity among closely related targets. Here, we report the synthesis of an alkaloid-inspired compound library enriched in spirocyclic ring fusions, comprising 58 compounds from 12 tropane- or quinuclidine-containing scaffolds, all of which can be considered pseudo-NPs. The library displays excellent predicted drug-like properties including high Fsp3 content and Lipinski's rule-of-five compliance. Targeted screening against selected members of the serotonin and dopamine G protein-coupled receptor family led to the identification of several hits that displayed significant agonist or antagonist activity against 5-HT2A and/or 5-HT2C, and subsequent optimization of one of these delivered a lead dual 5-HT2B/C antagonist with a highly promising selectivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwei Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hogan P Bryce-Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrine Schultz-Knudsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Libin Zhou
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas P Hovendal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Medicinal Chemistry, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Mariusz Kubus
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Kanasuwan A, Deuther-Conrad W, Chongruchiroj S, Sarasamkan J, Chotipanich C, Vajragupta O, Arunrungvichian K. Selective α 3β 4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand as a Potential Tracer for Drug Addiction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043614. [PMID: 36835028 PMCID: PMC9959096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
α3β4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been recognized as an emerging biomarker for the early detection of drug addiction. Herein, α3β4 nAChR ligands were designed and synthesized to improve the binding affinity and selectivity of two lead compounds, (S)-QND8 and (S)-T2, for the development of an α3β4 nAChR tracer. The structural modification was achieved by retaining the key features and expanding the molecular structure with a benzyloxy group to increase the lipophilicity for blood-brain barrier penetration and to extend the ligand-receptor interaction. The preserved key features are a fluorine atom for radiotracer development and a p-hydroxyl motif for ligand-receptor binding affinity. Four (R)- and (S)-quinuclidine-triazole (AK1-AK4) were synthesized and the binding affinity, together with selectivity to α3β4 nAChR subtype, were determined by competitive radioligand binding assay using [3H]epibatidine as a radioligand. Among all modified compounds, AK3 showed the highest binding affinity and selectivity to α3β4 nAChR with a Ki value of 3.18 nM, comparable to (S)-QND8 and (S)-T2 and 3069-fold higher affinity to α3β4 nAChR in comparison to α7 nAChR. The α3β4 nAChR selectivity of AK3 was considerably higher than those of (S)-QND8 (11.8-fold) and (S)-T2 (294-fold). AK3 was shown to be a promising α3β4 nAChR tracer for further development as a radiotracer for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinan Kanasuwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Kamphaengphet 6 Rd., Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiradanai Sarasamkan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Rd., Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Chotipanich
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Kamphaengphet 6 Rd., Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Molecular Probes for Imaging Research Network, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Dong G, Deng Y, Yasgar A, Yadav R, Talley D, Zakharov AV, Jain S, Rai G, Noinaj N, Simeonov A, Huang R. Venglustat Inhibits Protein N-Terminal Methyltransferase 1 in a Substrate-Competitive Manner. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12334-12345. [PMID: 36074125 PMCID: PMC9813856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Venglustat is a known allosteric inhibitor for ceramide glycosyltransferase, investigated in diseases caused by lysosomal dysfunction. Here, we identified venglustat as a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 0.42 μM) of protein N-terminal methyltransferase 1 (NTMT1) by screening 58,130 compounds. Furthermore, venglustat exhibited selectivity for NTMT1 over 36 other methyltransferases. The crystal structure of NTMT1-venglustat and inhibition mechanism revealed that venglustat competitively binds at the peptide substrate site. Meanwhile, venglustat potently inhibited protein N-terminal methylation levels in cells (IC50 = 0.5 μM). Preliminary structure-activity relationships indicated that the quinuclidine and fluorophenyl parts of venglustat are important for NTMT1 inhibition. In summary, we confirmed that venglustat is a bona fide NTMT1 inhibitor, which would advance the study on the biological roles of NTMT1. Additionally, this is the first disclosure of NTMT1 as a new molecular target of venglustat, which would cast light on its mechanism of action to guide the clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Youchao Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Markey Center for Structural Biology, and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Daniel Talley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sankalp Jain
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Nicholas Noinaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Markey Center for Structural Biology, and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Canning BJ, Liu Q, Tao M, DeVita R, Perelman M, Hay DW, Dicpinigaitis PV, Liang J. Evidence for Alpha 7 Nicotinic Receptor Activation During the Cough Suppressing Effects Induced by Nicotine and Identification of ATA-101 as a Potential Novel Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Cough. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 380:94-103. [PMID: 34782407 PMCID: PMC8969114 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies performed in healthy smokers have documented a diminished responsiveness to tussive challenges, and several lines of experimental evidence implicate nicotine as an antitussive component in both cigarette smoke and the vapors generated by electronic cigarettes (eCigs). We set out to identify the nicotinic receptor subtype involved in the antitussive actions of nicotine and to further evaluate the potential of nicotinic receptor-selective agonists as cough-suppressing therapeutics. We confirmed an antitussive effect of nicotine in guinea pigs. We additionally observed that the alpha-4 beta-2 (α 4 β 2)-selective agonist Tc-6683 was without effect on evoked cough responses in guinea pigs, while the α 7-selective agonist PHA 543613 dose-dependently inhibited evoked coughing. We subsequently describe the preclinical evidence in support of ATA-101, a potent and highly selective (α 7) selective nicotinic receptor agonist, as a potential candidate for antitussive therapy in humans. ATA-101, formerly known as Tc-5619, was orally bioavailable and moderately central nervous system (CNS) penetrant and dose-dependently inhibited coughing in guinea pigs evoked by citric acid and bradykinin. Comparing the effects of airway targeted administration versus systemic dosing and the effects of repeated dosing at various times prior to tussive challenge, our data suggest that the antitussive actions of ATA-101 require continued engagement of α 7 nicotinic receptors, likely in the CNS. Collectively, the data provide the preclinical rationale for α 7 nicotinic receptor engagement as a novel therapeutic strategy for cough suppression. The data also suggest that α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by nicotine may be permissive to nicotine delivery in a way that may promote addiction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study documents the antitussive actions of nicotine and identifies the α7 nicotinic receptor subtype as the target for nicotine during cough suppression described in humans. We additionally present evidence suggesting that ATA-101 and other α7 nicotinic receptor-selective agonists may be promising candidates for the treatment of chronic refractory cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Canning
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Qi Liu
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Mayuko Tao
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Robert DeVita
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Michael Perelman
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Douglas W Hay
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Peter V Dicpinigaitis
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
| | - Jing Liang
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland (B.J.C, Q.L.); Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (M.T.); RJD Medicinal Chemistry Consulting LLC, Westfield, New Jersey (R.D.); Michael Perelman Consulting, Winter Park, Florida (M.P.); Hay Drug Discovery Consulting, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (D.W.H.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (P.V.D.); Apple Helix Bioventures, New York, New York (J.L.)
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10
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Shi Y, Wang X, Meng Y, Ma J, Zhang Q, Shao G, Wang L, Cheng X, Hong X, Wang Y, Yan Z, Cao Y, Kang J, Fu C. A Novel Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and c-Myc-Degradation-Mediated Therapeutic Benefits of Antineurokinin-1 Receptor Drugs in Colorectal Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101936. [PMID: 34605226 PMCID: PMC8564433 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists are approved as treatment for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. The emerging role of the substance P-NK-1R system in oncogenesis raises the possibility of repurposing well-tolerated NK-1R antagonists for cancer treatment. This study reports that human colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with high NK-1R expression have poor survival, and NK-1R antagonists SR140333 and aprepitant induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells and inhibit CRC xenograft growth. This cytotoxicity induced by treatment with NK-1R antagonists is mediated by induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress triggers calcium release, resulting in the suppression of prosurvival extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-c-Myc signaling. Along with ER calcium release, one ER stress pathway mediated by protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) is specifically activated, leading to increased expression of proapoptotic C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, NK-1R antagonists enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by increasing the sensitivity and overcoming resistance to 5-fluorouracil in CRC cells through the induction of sustained ER stress and the consequent suppression of ERK-c-Myc signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the efficacy of NK-1R antagonists either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of OncologyNo. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Yueming Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Gang Shao
- Department of OncologyNo. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of OncologyNo. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Xurui Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xiangyu Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Jian Kang
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control ProgramPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre305 Grattan StreetMelbourneVictoria3000Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3000Australia
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
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11
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Kim CE, Kim YJ, Hwang MW, Park YJ, Yang J. Cevimeline-induced anti-inflammatory effect through upregulations of mucins in the ocular surface of a dry eye mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111571. [PMID: 33857915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of various concentrations of cevimelines (CVMs) and compare them with commercial drugs in a murine model of dry eye. The experimental mouse model used male and female NOD.B10.H2b mice over 12 weeks of age. Desiccation stress was performed at 30-40% ambient humidity, and subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/0.2 mL scopolamine hydrobromide was performed four times a day for 10 days. The efficacy of various concentrations of CVMs (seven experimental groups) was first evaluated, and then 2% CVM was compared with commercial drugs, such as cyclosporine A (CsA), diquafosol (DQS), and rebamipide (REB) (seven experimental groups). The clinical changes, including tear production, corneal irregularity, and fluorescein staining, were measured after the instillation of various concentrations of CVMs and commercial drugs for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. Histological changes, such as corneal detachment, conjunctival goblet cell and mucin density staining, were assessed by staining the cornea or conjunctiva with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and alcian blue. The expression of inflammatory markers and mucin factors was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the lacrimal gland, cornea, and conjunctiva. Tear production was significantly increased in the 2% CVM group and was similar to that in the DQS and REB groups (P < 0.05). The corneal smoothness and fluorescein staining score were significantly improved in the 2% CVM group and were similar to those in the REB group (P < 0.05). Corneal epithelial cells were significantly decreased in the 2% CVM group, with similar observations made in the DQS and REB groups (P < 0.05). The conjunctival goblet cells and mucin density recovered in the 2% CVM group were similar to those in the CsA and REB groups (P < 0.05). The 2% CVM group showed suppressed expression of inflammatory factors in the lacrimal gland and was comparable to that seen in the CsA and REB groups. The expression of mucin factors was upregulated in the cornea and conjunctiva of the 2% CVM group and was similar to that of the CsA and REB groups. In conclusion, administration of CVM resulted in recovery or clinical and histological improvement of the murine dry eye model, and all the observed parameters were comparable to those with commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Kim
- T2B infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Won Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; IMDpharm Inc., Suwon 16226, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewook Yang
- T2B infrastructure Center for Ocular Disease, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Plagenhoef MR, Callahan PM, Beck WD, Blake DT, Terry AV. Aged rhesus monkeys: Cognitive performance categorizations and preclinical drug testing. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108489. [PMID: 33561449 PMCID: PMC8286428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models have facilitated major discoveries in neurobiology, however, the low success rate of novel medications in clinical trials have led to questions about their translational value in neuropsychiatric drug development research. For age-related disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer' disease (AD) there is interest in moving beyond transgenic amyloid-β and/or tau-expressing rodent models and focusing more on natural aging and dissociating "healthy" from "pathological" aging to identify new therapeutic targets and treatments. In complex disorders such as AD, it can also be argued that animals with closer neurobiology to humans (e.g., nonhuman primates) should be employed more often particularly in the later phases of drug development. The purpose of the work described here was to evaluate the cognitive capabilities of rhesus monkeys across a wide range of ages in different delayed response tasks, a computerized delayed match to sample (DMTS) task and a manual delayed match to position (DMTP) task. Based on specific performance criteria and comparisons to younger subjects, the older subjects were generally less proficient, however, some performed as well as young subjects, while other aged subjects were markedly impaired. Accordingly, the older subjects could be categorized as aged "cognitively-unimpaired" or aged "cognitively-impaired" with a third group (aged-other) falling in between. Finally, as a proof of principle, we demonstrated using the DMTP task that aged cognitively-impaired monkeys are sensitive to the pro-cognitive effects of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, encenicline, suggesting that nAChR ligands remain viable as potential treatments for age-related disorders of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Plagenhoef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia
| | - Patrick M Callahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia
| | - Wayne D Beck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia
| | - David T Blake
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia.
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13
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Trujillo CA, Adams JW, Negraes PD, Carromeu C, Tejwani L, Acab A, Tsuda B, Thomas CA, Sodhi N, Fichter KM, Romero S, Zanella F, Sejnowski TJ, Ulrich H, Muotri AR. Pharmacological reversal of synaptic and network pathology in human MECP2-KO neurons and cortical organoids. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12523. [PMID: 33501759 PMCID: PMC7799367 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplication or deficiency of the X-linked MECP2 gene reliably produces profound neurodevelopmental impairment. MECP2 mutations are almost universally responsible for Rett syndrome (RTT), and particular mutations and cellular mosaicism of MECP2 may underlie the spectrum of RTT symptomatic severity. No clinically approved treatments for RTT are currently available, but human pluripotent stem cell technology offers a platform to identify neuropathology and test candidate therapeutics. Using a strategic series of increasingly complex human stem cell-derived technologies, including human neurons, MECP2-mosaic neurospheres to model RTT female brain mosaicism, and cortical organoids, we identified synaptic dysregulation downstream from knockout of MECP2 and screened select pharmacological compounds for their ability to treat this dysfunction. Two lead compounds, Nefiracetam and PHA 543613, specifically reversed MECP2-knockout cytologic neuropathology. The capacity of these compounds to reverse neuropathologic phenotypes and networks in human models supports clinical studies for neurodevelopmental disorders in which MeCP2 deficiency is the predominant etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in AnthropogenyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- StemoniX IncMaple GroveMNUSA
| | - Cassiano Carromeu
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- StemoniX IncMaple GroveMNUSA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
Interdepartmental Neuroscience ProgramYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Allan Acab
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Ben Tsuda
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Charles A Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
- Institute for Neural ComputationUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in AnthropogenyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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14
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Arunrungvichian K, Chongruchiroj S, Sarasamkan J, Schüürmann G, Brust P, Vajragupta O. In Silico Finding of Key Interaction Mediated α3β4 and α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand Selectivity of Quinuclidine-Triazole Chemotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6189. [PMID: 32867140 PMCID: PMC7504379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective binding of six (S)-quinuclidine-triazoles and their (R)-enantiomers to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes α3β4 and α7, respectively, were analyzed by in silico docking to provide the insight into the molecular basis for the observed stereospecific subtype discrimination. Homology modeling followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that unique amino acid residues in the complementary subunits of the nAChR subtypes are involved in subtype-specific selectivity profiles. In the complementary β4-subunit of the α3β4 nAChR binding pocket, non-conserved AspB173 through a salt bridge was found to be the key determinant for the α3β4 selectivity of the quinuclidine-triazole chemotype, explaining the 47-327-fold affinity of the (S)-enantiomers as compared to their (R)-enantiomer counterparts. Regarding the α7 nAChR subtype, the amino acids promoting a however significantly lower preference for the (R)-enantiomers were the conserved TyrA93, TrpA149 and TrpB55 residues. The non-conserved amino acid residue in the complementary subunit of nAChR subtypes appeared to play a significant role for the nAChR subtype-selective binding, particularly at the heteropentameric subtype, whereas the conserved amino acid residues in both principal and complementary subunits are essential for ligand potency and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Jiradanai Sarasamkan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraparp Highway, Khon Kaen 4002, Thailand;
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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15
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Zahra R, Furqan M, Ullah R, Mithani A, Saleem RSZ, Faisal A. A cell-based high-throughput screen identifies inhibitors that overcome P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233993. [PMID: 32484843 PMCID: PMC7266297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs remains one of the major impediments to the treatment of cancer. Discovery and development of drugs that can prevent and reverse the acquisition of multidrug resistance constitute a foremost challenge in cancer therapeutics. In this work, we screened a library of 1,127 compounds with known targets for their ability to overcome Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cell lines. We identified four compounds (CHIR-124, Elesclomol, Tyrphostin-9 and Brefeldin A) that inhibited the growth of two pairs of parental and Pgp-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cell lines with similar potency irrespective of their Pgp status. Mechanistically, CHIR-124 (a potent inhibitor of Chk1 kinase) inhibited Pgp activity in both multidrug-resistant cell lines (KB-V1 and A2780-Pac-Res) as determined through cell-based Pgp-efflux assays. Other three inhibitors on the contrary, were effective in Pgp-overexpressing resistant cells without increasing the cellular accumulation of a Pgp substrate, indicating that they overcome resistance by avoiding efflux through Pgp. None of these compounds modulated the expression of Pgp in resistant cell lines. PIK-75, a PI3 Kinase inhibitor, was also determined to inhibit Pgp activity, despite being equally potent in only one of the two pairs of resistant and parental cell lines. Strong binding of both CHIR-124 and PIK-75 to Pgp was predicted through docking studies and both compounds inhibited Pgp in a biochemical assay. The inhibition of Pgp causes accumulation of these compounds in the cells where they can modulate the function of their target proteins and thereby inhibit cell proliferation. In conclusion, we have identified compounds with various cellular targets that overcome multidrug resistance in Pgp-overexpressing cell lines through mechanisms that include Pgp inhibition and efflux evasion. These compounds, therefore, can avoid challenges associated with the co-administration of Pgp inhibitors with chemotherapeutic or targeted drugs such as additive toxicities and differing pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Zahra
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Mithani
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Nikolaev A, Fiveash JB, Yang ES. Combined Targeting of Mutant p53 and Jumonji Family Histone Demethylase Augments Therapeutic Efficacy of Radiation in H3K27M DIPG. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020490. [PMID: 31940975 PMCID: PMC7014308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive pediatric brainstem tumor with a 5-year survival of <1%. Up to 80% of the DIPG tumors contain a specific K27M mutation in one of the two genes encoding histone H3 (H3K27M). Furthermore, p53 mutations found in >70–80% of H3K27M DIPG, and mutant p53 status is associated with a decreased response to radiation treatment and worse overall prognosis. Recent evidence indicates that H3K27M mutation disrupts tri-methylation at H3K27 leading to aberrant gene expression. Jumonji family histone demethylases collaborates with H3K27 mutation in DIPG by erasing H3K27 trimethylation and thus contributing to derepression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. Since the first line of treatment for pediatric DIPG is fractionated radiation, we investigated the effects of Jumonji demethylase inhibition with GSK-J4, and mutant p53 targeting/oxidative stress induction with APR-246, on radio-sensitization of human H3K27M DIPG cells. Both APR-246 and GSK-J4 displayed growth inhibitory effects as single agents in H3K27M DIPG cells. Furthermore, both of these agents elicited mild radiosensitizing effects in human DIPG cells (sensitizer enhancement ratios (SERs) of 1.12 and 1.35, respectively; p < 0.05). Strikingly, a combination of APR-246 and GSK-J4 displayed a significant enhancement of radiosensitization, with SER of 1.50 (p < 0.05) at sub-micro-molar concentrations of the drugs (0.5 μM). The molecular mechanism of the observed radiosensitization appears to involve DNA damage repair deficiency triggered by APR-246/GSK-J4, leading to the induction of apoptotic cell death. Thus, a therapeutic approach of combined targeting of mutant p53, oxidative stress induction, and Jumonji demethylase inhibition with radiation in DIPG warrants further investigation.
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Schuler F, Afreen S, Manzl C, Häcker G, Erlacher M, Villunger A. Checkpoint kinase 1 is essential for fetal and adult hematopoiesis. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47026. [PMID: 31379128 PMCID: PMC6680171 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is critical for S-phase fidelity and preventing premature mitotic entry in the presence of DNA damage. Tumor cells have developed a strong dependence on CHK1 for survival, and hence, this kinase has developed into a promising drug target. Chk1 deficiency in mice results in blastocyst death due to G2/M checkpoint failure showing that it is an essential gene and may be difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we show that chemical inhibition of CHK1 kills murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by the induction of BCL2-regulated apoptosis. Cell death in HSPCs is independent of p53 but requires the BH3-only proteins BIM, PUMA, and NOXA. Moreover, Chk1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis in the embryo. Noteworthy, cell death inhibition in HSPCs cannot restore blood cell formation as HSPCs lacking CHK1 accumulate DNA damage and stop dividing. Moreover, conditional deletion of Chk1 in hematopoietic cells of adult mice selects for blood cells retaining CHK1, suggesting an essential role in maintaining functional hematopoiesis. Our findings establish a previously unrecognized role for CHK1 in establishing and maintaining hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schuler
- Division of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sehar Afreen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Claudia Manzl
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular pathologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and HygieneUniversity Medical Center FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
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Radman Kastelic A, Odžak R, Pezdirc I, Sović K, Hrenar T, Čipak Gašparović A, Skočibušić M, Primožič I. New and Potent Quinuclidine-Based Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142675. [PMID: 31340589 PMCID: PMC6680456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new antibiotics is currently very important since antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest problems of global health today. In the search for a new class of potential antimicrobial agents, ten new compounds were designed and synthesized based on the quinuclidinium heterocyclic core and the oxime functional group. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against a panel of representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All compounds demonstrated potent activity against the tested microorganisms, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 256.00 μg/mL. Among the tested compounds, two quaternary compounds, para-N-chlorobenzyl and meta-N-bromobenzyl quinuclidinium oximes, displayed the most potent and broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains (MIC values from 0.25 to 4.00 μg/mL), with the lowest value for the important multidrug resistant gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae, activity of those compounds are 256-fold and 16-fold better than gentamicin, respectively. MTT assays showed that compounds are nontoxic for human cell lines. Multi-way analysis was used to separately reduce dimensionality of quantum chemical data and biological activity data to obtain a regression model and the required parameters for the enhancement of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Radman Kastelic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Odžak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Iskra Pezdirc
- KB "Sestre milosrdnice", Vinogradska cesta 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Sović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomica Hrenar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mirjana Skočibušić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ines Primožič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Warwick CA, Shutov LP, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP, Usachev YM. Mechanisms underlying mechanical sensitization induced by complement C5a: the roles of macrophages, TRPV1, and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors. Pain 2019; 160:702-711. [PMID: 30507785 PMCID: PMC6377341 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement system significantly contributes to the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, we identified the signaling pathway responsible for thermal hypersensitivity induced by the complement system component C5a. Here, we examine the mechanisms of another important action of C5a, induction of mechanical hypersensitivity. We found that intraplantar injection of C5a produced a dose-dependent mechanical sensitization and that this effect was blocked by chemogenetic ablation of macrophages in both male and female mice. Knockout of TRPV1 or pretreatment with the TRPV1 antagonists, AMG9810 or 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin (5'-IRTX), significantly reduced C5a-induced mechanical sensitization. Notably, local administration of 5'-IRTX 90 minutes after C5a injection resulted in a slow, but complete, reversal of mechanical sensitization, indicating that TRPV1 activity was required for maintaining C5a-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. This slow reversal suggests that neurogenic inflammation and neuropeptide release may be involved. Indeed, pretreatment with a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist (but not an antagonist of the neurokinin 1 receptor) prevented C5a-induced mechanical sensitization. Furthermore, intraplantar injection of CGRP produced significant mechanical sensitization in both wild-type and TRPV1 knockout mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that C5a produces mechanical sensitization by initiating macrophage-to-sensory-neuron signaling cascade that involves activation of TRPV1 and CGRP receptor as critical steps in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Warwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Leonid P. Shutov
- Department of Pharmacology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Andrew J. Shepherd
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Durga P. Mohapatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yuriy M. Usachev
- Department of Pharmacology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Ogiwara H, Takahashi K, Sasaki M, Kuroda T, Yoshida H, Watanabe R, Maruyama A, Makinoshima H, Chiwaki F, Sasaki H, Kato T, Okamoto A, Kohno T. Targeting the Vulnerability of Glutathione Metabolism in ARID1A-Deficient Cancers. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:177-190.e8. [PMID: 30686770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ARID1A encodes an SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling factor and is frequently mutated in various cancers. This study demonstrates that ARID1A-deficient cancer cells are specifically vulnerable to inhibition of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Inhibition of GCLC markedly decreased GSH in ARID1A-deficient cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cell death triggered by excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species. The vulnerability of ARID1A-deficient cancer cells results from low basal levels of GSH due to impaired expression of SLC7A11. The SLC7A11-encoded cystine transporter supplies cells with cysteine, a key source of GSH, and its expression is enhanced by ARID1A-mediated chromatin remodeling. Thus, ARID1A-deficient cancers are susceptible to synthetic lethal targeting of GCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ogiwara
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mariko Sasaki
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Molecular Oncology, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kuroda
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ami Maruyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; Shonai Regional Industry Promotion Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0015, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiwaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Molecular Oncology, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Lee NR, Gujarathi S, Bommagani S, Siripurapu K, Zheng G, Dwoskin LP. Muscarinic agonist, (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-fluorophenethyl)(phenyl)carbamate: High affinity, but low subtype selectivity for human M 1 - M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:471-476. [PMID: 30554957 PMCID: PMC7160324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel quinuclidinyl N-phenylcarbamate analogs were synthesized, and binding affinities at M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes were determined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes stably expressing one specific subtype of human mAChR. Although not subtype selective, the lead analog (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-fluorophenethyl)(phenyl)carbamate (3c) exhibited the highest affinity (Ki = 2.0, 13, 2.6, 2.2, 1.8 nM) at each of the M1-M5 mAChRs, respectively. Based on results from the [3H]dopamine release assay using rat striatal slices, 3c acted as an agonist at mAChRs. The effect of 3c was inhibited by the nonselective mAChR antagonist, scopolamine, and 3c augmented release evoked by oxotremorine. A potent analog from the same scaffold, (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-methoxyphenethyl)(phenyl)-carbamate (3b) exhibited the greatest selectivity (17-fold) at M3 over M2 mAChRs. These analogs could serve as leads for further discovery of novel subtype-selective muscarinic ligands with the goal of providing therapeutics for substance use disorders and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Satheesh Gujarathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Shobanbabu Bommagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Kiranbabu Siripurapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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22
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Xiao H, Shi T, Han L, Tong R, Liao Z. Mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride on a dysmenorrhea rat model. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:325-332. [PMID: 30511353 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea affects the quality of life in young women, particularly school and work performance. This study investigated the mechanisms of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) efficacy on a rat model of primary dysmenorrhea. The model was induced by injecting both estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Different doses of PHC were administrated intraperitoneally following estradiol benzoate administration. Writhing scores were assessed, and pathological changes of the uterus were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression level of the M3 receptor, both TLR3 and TLR4 in uterine tissue, and the level of Ca2+ was measured in uterine tissues. Writhing scores significantly decreased in the PHC treatment group compared to model, and PHC alleviated the occurrence of edema or necrosis in the uteri compared to model group. PHC can decrease the M3 receptor, TLR3 , TLR4 expression, and the Ca2+ level compared to the model group. PHC is a potential candidate for the future treatment of primary dysmenorrhea due to its ability to attenuate muscarinic receptors and TLRs. Preclinical Research & Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizhu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hang W, Yin ZX, Liu G, Zeng Q, Shen XF, Sun QH, Li DD, Jian YP, Zhang YH, Wang YS, Quan CS, Zhao RX, Li YL, Xu ZX. Piperlongumine and p53-reactivator APR-246 selectively induce cell death in HNSCC by targeting GSTP1. Oncogene 2018; 37:3384-3398. [PMID: 29348462 PMCID: PMC6014869 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations frequently occur in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients without human papillomavirus infection. The recurrence rate for these patients is distinctly high. It has been actively explored to identify agents that target TP53 mutations and restore wild-type (WT) TP53 activities in HNSCC. PRIMA-1 (p53-reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis-1) and its methylated analogue PRIMA-1Met (also called APR-246) were found to be able to reestablish the DNA-binding activity of p53 mutants and reinstate the functions of WT p53. Herein we report that piperlongumine (PL), an alkaloid isolated from Piper longum L., synergizes with APR-246 to selectively induce apoptosis and autophagic cell death in HNSCC cells, whereas primary and immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts and spontaneously immortalized non-tumorigenic human skin keratinocytes (HaCat) are spared from the damage by the co-treatment. Interestingly, PL-sensitized HNSCC cells to APR-246 are TP53 mutation-independent. Instead, we demonstrated that glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), a GST family member that catalyzes the conjugation of GSH with electrophilic compounds to fulfill its detoxification function, is highly expressed in HNSCC tissues. Administration of PL and APR-246 significantly suppresses GSTP1 activity, resulting in the accumulation of ROS, depletion of GSH, elevation of GSSG, and DNA damage. Ectopic expression of GSTP1 or pre-treatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abrogates the ROS elevation and decreases DNA damage, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death prompted by PL/APR-246. In addition, administration of PL and APR-246 impedes UMSCC10A xenograft tumor growth in SCID mice. Taken together, our data suggest that HNSCC cells are selectively sensitive to the combination of PL and APR-246 due to a remarkably synergistic effect of the co-treatment in the induction of ROS by suppression of GSTP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhi-Xian Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang-He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Quan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui-Xun Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ryu JH, Jeon YT, Min B, Hwang JY, Sohn HM. Effects of palonosetron for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196388. [PMID: 29758039 PMCID: PMC5951557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The preemptive multimodal pain protocols used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often cause emesis postoperatively. We investigated whether palonosetron prophylaxis reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high-risk patients after TKA. Methods We randomized 120 female patients undergoing TKA to receive either palonosetron (0.075 mg, intravenous) or no antiemetic prophylaxis (0.9% saline, control group). All patients were given spinal anesthesia, a continuous femoral nerve block, and fentanyl-based intravenous patient controlled analgesia. Patients undergoing staged bilateral TKA were assigned to one group for the first knee and the other group for the second knee. The overall incidence of PONV, the incidences of both nausea and vomiting, severity of nausea, complete response, requirement for rescue antiemetics, pain level, opioid consumption, and satisfaction scores were evaluated during three periods: 0–2, 2–24, and 24–48 h postoperatively. We also compared PONV and pain between the first and second TKA. Results The incidence of PONV during the first 48 h was lower in the palonosetron group compared with the controls (22 vs. 41%, p = 0.028), especially 2–24 h after surgery, as was the nausea and vomiting respectively. The severity of nausea was lower in the palonosetron group (p = 0.010). The complete response rate (93 vs. 73%, p = 0.016) and satisfaction score (84 ± 12 vs. 79 ± 15, p = 0.032) were higher in the palonosetron group during 2–24 h after surgery. Patients who underwent a second operation complained of more severe pain, and consumed more opioids than those of the first operation. There was no difference in the incidence of PONV between the first and second operations. Conclusions Palonosetron prophylaxis reduced the incidence and severity of PONV in high-risk patients managed with multimodal pain protocol for 48 h, notably 2–24 h after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghun Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Weed MR, Polino J, Signor L, Bookbinder M, Keavy D, Benitex Y, Morgan DG, King D, Macor JE, Zaczek R, Olson R, Bristow LJ. Nicotinic alpha 7 receptor agonists EVP-6124 and BMS-933043, attenuate scopolamine-induced deficits in visuo-spatial paired associates learning. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187609. [PMID: 29261656 PMCID: PMC5736175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonists at the nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7 receptor (nAChR α7) subtype have the potential to treat cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or schizophrenia. Visuo-spatial paired associates learning (vsPAL) is a task that has been shown to reliably predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD in humans and can also be performed by nonhuman primates. Reversal of scopolamine-induced impairment of vsPAL performance may represent a translational approach for the development of nAChR α7 agonists. The present study investigated the effect of treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, or three nAChR α7 agonists, BMS-933043, EVP-6124 and RG3487, on vsPAL performance in scopolamine-treated cynomolgus monkeys. Scopolamine administration impaired vsPAL performance accuracy in a dose- and difficulty- dependent manner. The impairment of eventual accuracy, a measure of visuo-spatial learning during the task, was significantly ameliorated by treatment with donepezil (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.), EVP-6124 (0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) or BMS-933043 (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.m.). Both nAChR α7 agonists showed inverted-U shaped dose-effect relationships with EVP-6124 effective at a single dose only whereas BMS-933043 was effective across at least a 10 fold dose/exposure range. RG3487 was not efficacious in this paradigm at the dose range examined (0.03–1 mg/kg, i.m.). These results are the first demonstration that the nAChR α7 agonists, EVP-6124 and BMS-933043, can ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in nonhuman primates performing the vsPAL task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Weed
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph Polino
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Laura Signor
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Mark Bookbinder
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Deborah Keavy
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Yulia Benitex
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Morgan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Dalton King
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - John E. Macor
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Richard Olson
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Bristow
- Genetically Defined Diseases and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, United States of America
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Zhu R, Zhao Y, Li X, Bai T, Wang S, Wang W, Sun Y. Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1689-1693. [PMID: 29793332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is a selective M1 and M3 receptor antagonist. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PHC on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in rats. A total of 45 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: an S group, sham operation; an ALI group, pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (PALI); and a P group, PALI treated with PHC. Rats from the ALI and P groups were used to establish a model of acute lung injury associated with SAP by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats in the P group, reflecting acute lung injury caused by SAP, were treated with PHC immediately following SAP. Rats in the S and ALI groups were injected with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. After modeling, the rats were sacrificed at 12h. The wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios of lung tissue were calculated. Pathological changes in pancreatic and lung tissues were scored. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in lung tissue were detected by Western blot. RT-PCR was used to detect HIF-1α mRNA in lung tissue. The HIF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression levels in lung tissues and serum amylase levels were detected by ELISA. The results showed extensive infiltration of neutrophils, alveolar hemorrhage and necrosis and fat necrosis in the pancreatic tissue of rats in the PALI and P groups. Their pancreatic tissue injury scores were significantly higher than the score of the S group (P<0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the serum amylase levels of the P and ALI groups (P>0.05). The W/D ratios of lung tissue in the ALI and P group rats were significantly higher than those in the S group (P<0.05). Compared with those of the ALI group rats, the lung tissue pathological changes of the P group were significantly improved, and the lung W/D value was significantly lower than that of the ALI group (P<0.05). Compared with those of the S group, the TLR4, NF-κB p65, HIF-1α mRNA, and HIF-1α expression levels in the lung tissue of the ALI and P groups were significantly higher (P<0.01), and the TLR4, NF-κB p65, HIF-1α mRNA, HIF-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels in the P group were significantly lower than those in the ALI group (P<0.05). The current work indicates that PHC could not alleviate the damage to pancreatic tissue caused by SAP. However, PHC did suppress HIF-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels and reduced the acute lung injury induced by SAP in rats, which might depend on suppression of the expression of inflammatory factors, such as HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Yipu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
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Guo Y, Wei M, Yan Z, Wang G. [Penehyclidine hydrochloride attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:1486-1490. [PMID: 29268851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) against acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Methods 36 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS-induced shock group (LPS group), and PHCD treated group (PHCD group). Rat shock model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg). The rats of PHCD group were treated with PHCD (1.0 mg/kg) by caudal vein injection. Rat blood gas analysis was performed 6 hours after the injection. Lung wet/dry mass ratio (W/D) was detected after the rats were sacrificed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were tested by ELISA. The lung tissue inflammation was observed by HE staining. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the control group, lung W/D and blood lactate acid (LAC) increased significantly in the LPS group, while the blood pH and the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) decreased markedly. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-6 significantly increased in lung BALF of the LPS-induced rats, and the expression of iNOS increased significantly. HE staining showed that LPS treatment caused pulmonary edema, congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration. After PHCD treatment, lung W/D and LAC were reduced; the pH and PaO2 were elevated compared with LPS-induced rats; the levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-6 in BALF were evidently down-regulated; the expression of iNOS decreased obviously. HE staining showed that the lung inflammation was attenuated by PHCD treatment. Conclusion PHCD attenuates lung injury by inhibiting LPS-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Min Wei
- Lintong Sanatorium of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lintong 710600, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710043, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Calzetta L, Rogliani P, Facciolo F, Rendina E, Cazzola M, Matera MG. Pharmacological characterization of the interaction between umeclidinium and vilanterol in human bronchi. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:147-154. [PMID: 28716723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) / long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) fixed dose combination (FDC) therapy represents the cornerstone for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, conflicting clinical findings still exist on the real benefit of the LABA/LAMA FDCs. Therefore, we investigated whether combining the LABA vilanterol with the LAMA umeclidinium may induce synergistic bronchorelaxant effect in isolated airways. The effect of umeclidinium and vilanterol, administered alone, in combination at the ratio of concentrations reproducing the doses delivered by Anoro® Ellipta® (55:22), or at isoeffective low concentrations, was investigated on the cholinergic contractile tone induced by the parasympathetic activation of human isolated airways. The interaction was analyzed by using the Bliss Independence and Unified Theory models. Umeclidinium and vilanterol induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated bronchi, with umeclidinium significantly (P < 0.05) more potent than vilanterol (Emax at 10Hz: umeclidium 102.6 ± 6.8%, vilanterol 75.1 ± 13.8%; pEC50 at 10Hz: umeclidinium 8.6 ± 0.4, vilanterol 6.9 ± 0.6). When administered at 55:22 concentration-ratio, umeclidinium plus vilanterol completely relaxed the isolated airways (Emax at 10Hz: 99.6 ± 8.0%; pEC50 at 10Hz: 8.2 ± 0.4). No synergistic interaction was detected for umeclidinium/vilanterol combined at 55:22 ratio, whereas strong synergism was elicited when the drugs were administered at low isoeffective concentrations (+ 41.4 ± 5.8% vs. monocomponents), leading to submaximal relaxant effect (81.4 ± 5.8%). Umeclidinium and vilanterol are imbalanced when combined at 55:22 ratio, with umeclidinium over-dosed, or vice versa vilanterol under-dosed. Specific studies are needed to identify the dose ratio of umeclidinium/vilanterol combination to guarantee equipotency concentrations of each component into the lung, and induce synergistic bronchodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facciolo
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Erino Rendina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Papouin T, Dunphy JM, Tolman M, Dineley KT, Haydon PG. Septal Cholinergic Neuromodulation Tunes the Astrocyte-Dependent Gating of Hippocampal NMDA Receptors to Wakefulness. Neuron 2017; 94:840-854.e7. [PMID: 28479102 PMCID: PMC5484087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is controlled by a glutamate-binding site and a distinct, independently regulated, co-agonist-binding site. In most brain regions, the NMDAR co-agonist is the astrocyte-derived gliotransmitter D-serine. We found that D-serine levels oscillate in mouse hippocampus as a function of wakefulness, in vitro and in vivo. This causes a full saturation of the NMDAR co-agonist site in the dark (active) phase that dissipates to sub-saturating levels during the light (sleep) phase, and influences learning performance throughout the day. We demonstrate that hippocampal astrocytes sense the wakefulness-dependent activity of septal cholinergic fibers through the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), whose activation drives D-serine release. We conclude that astrocytes tune the gating of synaptic NMDARs to the vigilance state and demonstrate that this is directly relevant to schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by NMDAR and cholinergic hypofunctions. Indeed, bypassing cholinergic activity with a clinically tested α7nAChR agonist successfully enhances NMDAR activation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Dunphy
- Neuroscience Program, Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michaela Tolman
- Neuroscience Program, Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Francischi JN, Frade TIC, Almeida MPAD, Queiroz BFGD, Bakhle YS. Ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia and orofacial administration of substance P: A lethal combination in rats. Neuropeptides 2017; 62:21-26. [PMID: 28162846 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ketamine+xylazine mixture is a widely used anaesthetic in animal experiments. In rats anaesthetized with this mixture, we have shown that injection of carrageenan, a standard proinflammatory stimulus, into the cheek (intra-oral injection) induced oedema. A likely mediator of this oedema is substance P (SP), a major transmitter of sensory nerves in orofacial tissue. We have assessed the effects of intra-oral injection of SP in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH SP (50-1μg per rat) was injected intra-orally in male adult Holtzman or Wistar rats, anaesthetized with ketamine+xylazine. For comparison, histamine (50μg) and 5-HT (5μg) were similarly injected. Antagonists of SP (SR140333, 2mg/kg), of histamine (pyrilamine, 2mg/kg) or of 5-HT (pizotifen, 2mg/kg) were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected, 30min before the corresponding agonist. Oedema in the cheek was assessed by measuring tissue thickness with calipers. RESULTS Intra-oral injection of SP (1-50μg per rat) in Holtzman or Wistar rats anaesthetized with ketamine+xylazine induced, dose-dependently, death within 15min, accompanied by signs of excessive salivation. Rats pretreated with SR140333 were protected against SP-induced lethality and the excessive salivation. However, intra-oral injection of either histamine or 5-HT did not induce death, only a characteristic cheek oedema. These doses of SP injected into the hindpaws of conscious Holtzman and Wistar rats only induced oedema with no deaths. In rats anaesthetized with inhaled isoflurane, intra-oral SP (50μg) induced only cheek oedema, with no deaths or excessive salivation. This oedema was prevented by pre-treating rats with SR140333, pyrilamine and pizotifen. CONCLUSION It is likely that the deaths were due to excessive salivation induced by the particular combination of ketamine and SP. Our results are presented as a warning to other experimenters who might use these two otherwise non-toxic conditions and the consequent unexpected and needless loss of experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janetti N Francischi
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Taíssa Iolanda C Frade
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella P A de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara F G de Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Y S Bakhle
- Division of Leukocyte Biology, Imperial College London, England
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Biskup E, Naym DG, Gniadecki R. Small-molecule inhibitors of Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) sensitize lymphoma cells to UVA radiation. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:239-247. [PMID: 27743911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) photochemotherapy is a combination treatment used for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases such as mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, 30% of MF patients do not respond sufficiently to PUVA and require more aggressive therapies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this project was to investigate whether inhibition of Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) may enhance efficacy of phototherapy. METHODS CTCL cell lines (MyLa2000, SeAx and Mac2a) served as in vitro cell models. ATR and Chk1 were inhibited by small molecule antagonists VE-821, VE-822 or Chir-124, or by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Cell cycle and viability were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Small molecule inhibitors of ATR and Chk1 potently sensitized all cell lines to PUVA and, importantly, also to UVA, which by itself did not cause apoptotic response. VE-821/2 blocked ATR pathway activation and released the cells from the G2/M block caused by UVA and PUVA, but did not affect apoptosis caused by other chemotherapeutics (etoposide, gemcitabine, doxorubicine) or by hydrogen peroxide. Knockdown of ATR and Chk1 with siRNA also blocked the ATR pathway and released the cells from G2/M block but did not sensitize the cells to UVA as observed with the small molecule inhibitors. The latter suggested that the synergism between VE-821/2 or Chir-124 and UVA was not solely caused by specific blocking of ATR kinase but also ATR-independent photosensitization. This hypothesis was further verified by administrating VE-821/2 or Chir-124 before and after UVA irradiation, as well as comparing their activity with other ATR and Chk1 inhibitors (AZD6738 and MK8776). We found that only VE-821/2 and Chir-124 kinase inhibitors had synergistic effect with UVA, and only if applied before treatment with UVA. CONCLUSION Small molecule ATR and Chk1 inhibitors potently sensitize lymphoma cells to UVA radiation and induce a prominent apoptotic response. Interestingly, this effect is due to the dual (kinase inhibiting and photosensitizing) mode of action of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Biskup
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David Gram Naym
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Affronti ML, Woodring S, Allen K, Kirkpatrick J, Peters KB, Herndon JE, McSherry F, Healy PN, Desjardins A, Vredenburgh JJ, Friedman HS. Phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous palonosetron (PAL) in primary malignant glioma (MG) patients receiving standard radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:4365-75. [PMID: 27271867 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In malignant glioma (MG) patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) with concomitant temozolomide, chemoradiation-induced nausea and vomiting (cRINV) degrades quality of life (QoL) and reduces treatment adherence, which thereby potentially compromises cancer control. METHODS We conducted a 6-week phase II single-arm trial of PAL, a second-generation 5-HT3RA antiemetic, for cRINV prevention in MG patients receiving radiation therapy (RT; 54-60 Gy) and concomitant daily temozolomide (TMZ; 75 mg/m(2)/dX42d). Each week before radiation, patients received single-dose palonosetron (PAL) 0.25 mg IV (total = 6 doses). With safety/tolerability as the primary endpoint, the study was designed to differentiate between toxicity rates of 25 % (unacceptable) and 10 % (acceptable) toxicity rates. Secondary endpoints included the percentage of patients achieving cRINV complete response (CR: no emesis or rescue antiemetic) and QoL. Patients reported adverse effects in Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events diaries; recorded vomiting, nausea, and rescue medication use in diaries (which were used to assess cRINV-CR); and reported QoL 4 days/week using the Modified Functional Living Index-Emesis (M-FLIE) and Osoba nausea and vomiting/retching modules. RESULTS We enrolled 38 patients (mean age 59 years, 55 % female, 95 % white, 68 % used oral corticosteroids, 76 % reported low alcohol use). Four patients (10.5 %) experienced unacceptable treatment-related toxicity, defined as any grade 3, 4, or 5 non-hematologic toxicity. M-FLIE and Osoba scores showed no evidence of treatment impact on QoL. Overall, cRINV-CR rates for 6 weeks ranged from 67-79 %. CONCLUSION Single-dose weekly PAL is a safe and tolerable antiemetic for cRINV prevention in MG patients receiving standard RT and concomitant TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lou Affronti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Room 047 Baker House, South Hospital, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Sarah Woodring
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Room 047 Baker House, South Hospital, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Karen Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Katherine B Peters
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Room 047 Baker House, South Hospital, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - James E Herndon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Frances McSherry
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Patrick N Healy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Annick Desjardins
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Room 047 Baker House, South Hospital, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Henry S Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Room 047 Baker House, South Hospital, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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YOSHIKAWA NOBUHISA, KAJIYAMA HIROAKI, NAKAMURA KAE, UTSUMI FUMI, NIIMI KAORU, MITSUI HIROKO, SEKIYA RYUICHIRO, SUZUKI SHIRO, SHIBATA KIYOSUMI, CALLEN DAVID, KIKKAWA FUMITAKA. PRIMA-1MET induces apoptosis through accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species irrespective of p53 status and chemo-sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2543-52. [PMID: 26986846 PMCID: PMC4811399 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an intensive need for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the high recurrence rate. TP53 mutation is a common event in EOC, particularly in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, where it occurs in more than 90% of cases. Recently, PRIMA-1 and PRIMA‑1MET (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis and its methylated form) were shown to have an antitumor effect on several types of cancer. Despite that PRIMA-1MET is the first compound evaluated in clinical trials, the antitumor effects of PRIMA-1MET on EOC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PRIMA-1MET for the treatment of EOC cells. PRIMA-1MET treatment of EOC cell lines (n=13) resulted in rapid apoptosis at various concentrations (24 h IC50 2.6-20.1 µM). The apoptotic response was independent of the p53 status and chemo-sensitivity. PRIMA‑1MET treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and PRIMA-1MET-induced apoptosis was rescued by an ROS scavenger. Furthermore, RNA expression analysis revealed that the mechanism of action of PRIMA‑1MET may be due to inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, such as Prx3 and GPx-1. In conclusion, our results suggest that PRIMA-1MET represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer irrespective of p53 status and chemo-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- NOBUHISA YOSHIKAWA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - HIROAKI KAJIYAMA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - KAE NAKAMURA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - FUMI UTSUMI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - KAORU NIIMI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - HIROKO MITSUI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - RYUICHIRO SEKIYA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - SHIRO SUZUKI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - KIYOSUMI SHIBATA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - DAVID CALLEN
- Centre for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - FUMITAKA KIKKAWA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Türkeş C, Söyüt H, Beydemir Ş. In vitro inhibitory effects of palonosetron hydrochloride, bevacizumab and cyclophosphamide on purified paraoxonase-I (hPON1) from human serum. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 42:252-257. [PMID: 26915059 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of the drugs, palonosetron hydrochloride, bevacizumab and cyclophosphamide, on human serum paraoxonase-I (hPON1) enzyme activity in in vitro conditions. The enzyme was purified ∼231-fold with 34.2% yield by using ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration chromatography from human serum. hPON1 exhibited a single protein band on the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The inhibition studies were performed on paraoxonase activity of palonosetron hydrochloride, bevacizumab and cyclophosphamide. Ki constants were found as 0.033±0.001, 0.054±0.003 mM and 3.419±0.518 mM, respectively. Compared to the inhibition rates of the drugs, palonosetron hydrochloride has the maximum inhibition rate. However, inhibition mechanisms of the drugs were determined as noncompetitive by Lineweaver-Burk curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Söyüt
- Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Bayburt University, 69000, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Shu Y, Li Z, Han B. Penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: critical role of mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:41-53. [PMID: 27049075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) leads to disability and death worldwide. However, limited approaches have been made in developing therapies to decrease the detrimental effects of CI/R. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) postconditioning on CI/R injury and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In CI/R rats, we showed that PHC postconditioning could effectively inhibit I/R-induced brain infarction and edema, and deficit of neurological function. In addition, PHC postconditioning significantly inhibited I/R-induced increase of proinflammatory cytokines and TUNEL-positive cell numbers. Moreover, the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and oxidative stress resulting from I/R were suppressed notably by PHC postconditioning, as evidenced by increased absorbance at 540 nm in Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling test and increased SOD activity and decreased ROS and MDA level. 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a specific inhibitor of MitoKATP, was used to evaluate the role of MitoKATP in the neuroprotective effect of PHC postconditioning. The results showed that 5-HD could markedly suppress PHC postconditioning-caused inhibition of brain infarction and edema, deficit of neurological function, inflammation, apoptosis, opening of mPTP and oxidative stress induced by CI/R. The results demonstrated that PHC postconditioning could protect against I/R injury in brain through the inhibition of oxidative stress, mPTP opening, apoptosis and inflammation. Activation of MitoKATP was critical for PHC postconditioning-exhibited neuro-protective effects against I/R injury. These findings may provide a novel foundation for therapeutic strategies targeting cerebral protection against I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Z Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Medical University, Xian, China
| | - B Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Medical University, Xian, China
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Lin D, Ma J, Xue Y, Wang Z. Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Preconditioning Provides Cardioprotection in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138051. [PMID: 26632817 PMCID: PMC4668996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impacts and related mechanisms of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury. A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was established by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 3 h perfusion. Before I/R, the rats were pretreated with or without PHC. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. The activities/levels of myocardial enzymes, oxidants and antioxidant enzymes were detected. Evans blue/TTC double staining was performed to assess infarct size. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. The release of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators was detected by ELISA. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of COX-2, IκB, p-IκB and NF-κB. Meanwhile, the rats were given a single injection of H-PHC before I/R. The effects of PHC on myocardial infarct and cardiac function were investigated after 7 days post-reperfusion. We found that PHC remarkably improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial injury by decreasing myocardial enzyme levels and attenuated oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PHC preconditioning significantly reduced infarct size and the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes. Administration of PHC significantly decreased serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 levels and myocardium COX-2 level. Meanwhile, the expression levels of p-IκB and NF-κB were downregulated, while IκB expression was upregulated. H-PHC also exerted long-term cardioprotection in a rat model of I/R injury by decreasing infarct size and improving cardiac function. These results suggest that PHC can efficiently protect the rats against I/R-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomao Lin
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanyan Xue
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Marquez M, Boscan P, Weir H, Vogel P, Twedt DC. Comparison of NK-1 Receptor Antagonist (Maropitant) to Morphine as a Pre-Anaesthetic Agent for Canine Ovariohysterectomy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140734. [PMID: 26513745 PMCID: PMC4626099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the NK-1 receptor antagonist maropitant to morphine during and after surgery in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS 30 healthy female dogs were randomly divided to receive either a pre-anaesthetic dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg SQ) or maropitant (1 mg/kg, SQ) prior to OHE. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Expired isoflurane concentration, heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiratory rate were measured. Post-operative pain scores and appetite were evaluated during the recovery period. Rescue analgesia (morphine 0.1 mg/kg IV) was administered as needed post-operatively based on blinded pain score assessments. RESULTS Although clinically comparable; during surgical stimulation, the maropitant group had lower HR (108±18 vs 115±24 bpm; p = 0.04), lower SAP (114±23 vs 125±23 mmHg; p = 0.003) and required slightly lower percent of isoflurane anaesthetic (1.35±0.2 vs 1.51±0.4%; p = 0.005), when compared to the morphine group. In the recovery period, the maropitant group had lower pain scores at extubation (1.7±0.7 vs 3.4±2.3; p = 0.0001) and were more likely to eat within 3 hours after extubation (64.7 vs 15.3%). However, post-operative rescue analgesia requirements were similar between groups. All other measured parameters were similar between groups. The overall difference observed between groups was small and all monitored and measured parameters were within the expected range for anesthetized dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE No major differences in cardiorespiratory parameters or anaesthetic requirements were observed between maropitant and morphine when used as a pre-anesthetic agent for OHE. Further studies are necessary to fully elucidate the benefits of maropitant as a pre-anaesthetic agent for canine OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Marquez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pedro Boscan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Heather Weir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pamela Vogel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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López JJ, Pérez EG, García-Colunga J. Dual effects of a 2-benzylquinuclidinium derivative on α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal interneurons. Neurosci Lett 2015; 607:35-39. [PMID: 26384784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed in the brain. Particularly α7-containing nAChRs, associated with several physiological roles and pathologies, are one of the most abundant. Here, we studied 2-(4-hexyloxybenzyl)-1-methylquinuclidin-1-ium iodide (designated as 8d), on ion currents elicited by choline, ICh, (Ch, a selective agonist for α7-containing nAChRs), recorded in interneurons from the stratum radiatum of the rat hippocampal CA1 region by using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. The 8d-concentration/Ch-response relationship exhibited high and low inhibitory affinities for α7-containing nAChRs, with IC50 values of 0.59 and 6.80 μM, respectively. Interestingly, 8d in a range of 3-10 μM exerted opposite effects: a short early potentiation and a long late inhibition of the ICh; and 8d alone elicited a non-decaying inward current. Furthermore, potentiation and inhibition of the ICh by 8d depended on the membrane potential, both being stronger at -20 than at -70 mV; indicating that 8d interacts with at least two sites into the ion channel/receptor complex: one for potentiating and another for inhibiting the α7-containing nAChRs. These results suggest that 8d may act as agonist, antagonist and positive modulator of α7-containing nAChRs in hippocampal interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon J López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edwin G Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jesús García-Colunga
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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▼Umeclidinium: another LAMA for COPD. Drug Ther Bull 2015; 53:81-4. [PMID: 26159701 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2015.7.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects around 64 million people worldwide and is the fourth leading cause of death.(1) It is thought that 3 million people have COPD in the UK, with about 900,000 having been diagnosed and an estimated 2.1 million with disease that remains undiagnosed.(2) In addition, premature mortality from COPD in the UK is almost double the European average and as a result there has been considerable focus on improving outcomes for patients.(3)One of the options for maintenance pharmacological treatment of COPD is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA).(4) DTB has previously reviewed three inhaled LAMAs licensed in the UK for use by people with COPD: tiotropium and ▼glycopyrronium (both administered once daily), and ▼aclidinium bromide (administered twice daily).(5-8) ▼Umeclidinium bromide (Incruse) is another once daily LAMA, delivered using the Ellipta inhaler device, and is indicated as maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with COPD.(9) Here we review the evidence for its use in the management of COPD.
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Fisher A, Abraham S, Lachman C, Lass Y, Akselrod S, Akerman E, Cohen S. Does rigidity in structure of muscarinic agonists and antagonists reflect drug specificity? Monogr Neural Sci 2015; 7:41-54. [PMID: 7231438 DOI: 10.1159/000388813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work is an attempt to elucidate: (1) whether highly rigid structural analogs of acetylcholine are still capable of activating the muscarinic receptor; (2) whether such analogs, be they agonists or antagonists, discriminate among the various ACh-mediated functions, thereby providing a tool for the study of a possible receptor heterogeneity; (3) whether structural rigidity is a significant factor in the kinetics of drug-receptor interaction. To this end, we investigated some properties of drugs in the spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-4,3')-quinuclidine system (SDQ) which embodies the muscarinic pharmacophore in a framework of utmost rigidity. Wherever possible, these properties were compared with those of a closely related but more flexible analog. Variation in effect between members of a rigid-flexible pair or among drugs of varying rigidity is considered to reflect varying affinities towards various sites of action. 2-Methyl-spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-4,3')-quinuclidine (AF-30) is a weak but selective muscarinic agonist. It can be viewed as a highly rigid version of 3-acetoxyquinuclidine (3-AcQ) and it can be used as a probe for detection of heterogeneity among muscarinic receptors. AF-30 is equipotent with 3-AcQ in causing tremors (mice), but has 1/17th the activity of 3-AcQ in the guinea-pig ileum, 1/30th in lowering blood pressure (cats) and 1/10th in inducing analgesia (mice). 2-Diphenylmethyl-spiro(1,3-dioxolane-4',3)-quinuclidine (AF-41) and 2.2-diphenyl-spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-4,3')-quinuclidine (AF-32 are potent antagonists and possess KD values in the same range as those of the more flexible congener 3-diphenylacetoxy-quinuclidine (AF-43) and atropine (0.6--2 nM) but with koff = 0.1 msec-1 (AF-41) and koff = 1 msec-1 (AF-43) (carp atrium). Thus, duration of drug action of drug action at the receptor is a function of structural rigidity in the drug molecule, termination of action being fastest with the flexible molecules. Differences in rigidity among various antagonists also find expression in an unequal distribution of potencies in various tests; thus the rigid antagonists differentiate between two central effects in mice, viz., prevention of oxotremorine-induced tremors and fall from the rotating rod by a factor of 1:20 (especially AF-41 versus AF-43), whereas the more flexible antagonists (AF-43, atropine or even 3-quinuclidinyl-benzilate) do not show such as a selectivity. The existence of heterogenous muscarinic receptors can be inferred from data presented. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Tsukahara K, Nakamura K, Motohashi R, Sato H, Endo M, Katsube Y, Ueda Y, Suzuki M. Antiemetic therapy of fosaprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for head and neck carcinomas. Acta Otolaryngol 2014; 134:1198-204. [PMID: 25315920 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.913314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Concomitant antiemetic therapy comprising fosaprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone is effective for head and neck carcinoma. OBJECTIVE A patient diary was constructed to determine the effectiveness of concomitant antiemetic therapy with a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (fosaprepitant), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist (palonosetron), and dexamethasone in accordance with guidelines. METHODS Subjects comprised 41 patients who received 71 courses of chemotherapy, along with fosaprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone. A patient diary was compiled concerning the presence/absence of vomiting, vomiting episodes, presence/absence of rescue therapy, food intake, presence/absence of nausea, and general condition. RESULTS The frequency of the primary end point of complete response in the overall phase was 69.0%. The proportion of patients with no vomiting in the overall phase was 90.1%. In the acute phase, the proportion of no nausea and slight nausea together was 91.5%, no change in and slightly reduced food intake together was 87.3%, and the proportion of good general condition and relatively good general condition was 85.9%. In the delayed phase, the proportion of no nausea and slight nausea together was 56.3%, no change in and slightly reduced food intake together was 43.7%, and the proportion of good general condition and relatively good general condition together was 53.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Tsukahara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center , Tokyo
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Franks LN, Ford BM, Madadi NR, Penthala NR, Crooks PA, Prather PL. Characterization of the intrinsic activity for a novel class of cannabinoid receptor ligands: Indole quinuclidine analogs. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 737:140-8. [PMID: 24858620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory recently reported that a group of novel indole quinuclidine analogs bind with nanomolar affinity to cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors. This study characterized the intrinsic activity of these compounds by determining whether they exhibit agonist, antagonist, or inverse agonist activity at cannabinoid type-1 and/or type-2 receptors. Cannabinoid receptors activate Gi/Go-proteins that then proceed to inhibit activity of the downstream intracellular effector adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, intrinsic activity was quantified by measuring the ability of compounds to modulate levels of intracellular cAMP in intact cells. Concerning cannabinoid type-1 receptors endogenously expressed in Neuro2A cells, a single analog exhibited agonist activity, while eight acted as neutral antagonists and two possessed inverse agonist activity. For cannabinoid type-2 receptors stably expressed in CHO cells, all but two analogs acted as agonists; these two exceptions exhibited inverse agonist activity. Confirming specificity at cannabinoid type-1 receptors, modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by all proposed agonists and inverse agonists was blocked by co-incubation with the neutral cannabinoid type-1 antagonist O-2050. All proposed cannabinoid type-1 receptor antagonists attenuated adenylyl cyclase modulation by cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940. Specificity at cannabinoid type-2 receptors was confirmed by failure of all compounds to modulate adenylyl cyclase activity in CHO cells devoid of cannabinoid type-2 receptors. Further characterization of select analogs demonstrated concentration-dependent modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity with potencies similar to their respective affinities for cannabinoid receptors. Therefore, indole quinuclidines are a novel structural class of compounds exhibiting high affinity and a range of intrinsic activity at cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Chemical Phenomena
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Humans
- Indoles/chemistry
- Ligands
- Mice
- Quinuclidines/chemistry
- Quinuclidines/metabolism
- Quinuclidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirit N Franks
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Ford
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Nikhil R Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Narsimha R Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Shang N, Li Q, Ko TP, Chan HC, Li J, Zheng Y, Huang CH, Ren F, Chen CC, Zhu Z, Galizzi M, Li ZH, Rodrigues-Poveda CA, Gonzalez-Pacanowska D, Veiga-Santos P, de Carvalho TMU, de Souza W, Urbina JA, Wang AHJ, Docampo R, Li K, Liu YL, Oldfield E, Guo RT. Squalene synthase as a target for Chagas disease therapeutics. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004114. [PMID: 24789335 PMCID: PMC4006925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are the causative agents of many neglected tropical diseases and there is currently considerable interest in targeting endogenous sterol biosynthesis in these organisms as a route to the development of novel anti-infective drugs. Here, we report the first x-ray crystallographic structures of the enzyme squalene synthase (SQS) from a trypanosomatid parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. We obtained five structures of T. cruzi SQS and eight structures of human SQS with four classes of inhibitors: the substrate-analog S-thiolo-farnesyl diphosphate, the quinuclidines E5700 and ER119884, several lipophilic bisphosphonates, and the thiocyanate WC-9, with the structures of the two very potent quinuclidines suggesting strategies for selective inhibitor development. We also show that the lipophilic bisphosphonates have low nM activity against T. cruzi and inhibit endogenous sterol biosynthesis and that E5700 acts synergistically with the azole drug, posaconazole. The determination of the structures of trypanosomatid and human SQS enzymes with a diverse set of inhibitors active in cells provides insights into SQS inhibition, of interest in the context of the development of drugs against Chagas disease. Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and affects eight million individuals, primarily in Latin America. Currently there is no cure for chronic T. cruzi infections. Unlike humans, this parasite use a variety of sterols (e.g. ergosterol, 24-ethyl-cholesta-5,7,22-trien-3 beta ol, and its 22-dihydro analogs), rather than cholesterol in their cell membranes, so inhibiting endogenous sterol biosynthesis is an important therapeutic target. Here, we report the first structure of the parasite's squalene synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in sterol biosynthesis, as well as the structures of a broad range of squalene synthase inhibitors active against the clinically relevant intracellular stages, opening the way to new approaches to treating this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qian Li
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chien Chan
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jikun Li
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Hsiang Huang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zhu-Hong Li
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Rodrigues-Poveda
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores Gonzalez-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
| | - Phercyles Veiga-Santos
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, CCS, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Diretoria de Programa, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tecia Maria Ulisses de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, CCS, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Diretoria de Programa, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, CCS, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Diretoria de Programa, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio A. Urbina
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EO); (RTG)
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (EO); (RTG)
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Park EM, Nguyen LN, Lim YS, Hwang SB. Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 regulates hepatitis C virus propagation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1813-20. [PMID: 24690320 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To identify the novel genes involved in lipid metabolism and lipid droplet formation that may play important roles in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) propagation, we have screened the small interfering RNA library using cell culture derived HCV (HCVcc)-infected cells. We selected and characterized the gene encoding farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1). siRNA-mediated knockdown of FDFT1 impaired HCV replication in both subgenomic replicon and HCVcc infected cells. Moreover, YM-53601, an inhibitor of FDFT1 enzyme activity, abrogated HCV propagation. HCV infection increased FDFT1 protein level but not FDFT1 mRNA level. These results suggest that HCV may modulate FDFT1 protein level to facilitate its own propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mee Park
- National Research Laboratory of Hepatitis C Virus and Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang 431-060, South Korea
| | - Lam N Nguyen
- National Research Laboratory of Hepatitis C Virus and Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang 431-060, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Lim
- National Research Laboratory of Hepatitis C Virus and Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang 431-060, South Korea
| | - Soon B Hwang
- National Research Laboratory of Hepatitis C Virus and Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang 431-060, South Korea.
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Merdad A, Karim S, Schulten HJ, Dallol A, Buhmeida A, Al-Thubaity F, Gari MA, Chaudhary AG, Abuzenadah AM, Al-Qahtani MH. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in primary human breast cancer: MMP-9 as a potential biomarker for cancer invasion and metastasis. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:1355-1366. [PMID: 24596383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in Saudi women. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases with the ability to degrade extracellular matrix proteins. In healthy individual tissue disruption is prevented by precised regulation of MMPs; however, in cancer a number of MMPs are overexpressed causing tissue disruption and making tumor cells capable of invasion and metastasis. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of BCs are classified into grade 1 (G1), grade 2 (G2) and grade 3 (G3) tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a transcriptomic profiling of 38 surgically-resected breast tumors (4 G1, 17 G2 and 17 G3) using Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST microarrays. Differentially expressed genes for each grade were identified by the Partek Genomic Suite 6.4 and expression analysis results were validated by immunohistochemistry at the protein level. Pathway analyses and establishment of clinical significance of findings were performed using the appropriate software. RESULTS We identified 1,593 differentially expressed genes in BC grades in comparison to normal samples using a cut-off of p<0.05 and fold change >2. Out of these genes 429 were expressed throughout in all grades along with tumor progression while many others associated with specific grades (440 genes in G1, 203 in G2 and 394 in G3 only) were exclusively. Microarray results indicate that mRNA expression of MMP-1, -9,-11,-12, and -13 were up-regulated in higher BC grades when compared to normal breast tissues. MMP-9 was expressed in most IDC (97.5%) samples and was highly expressed in 55% of the tumors. Differential expression of MMP-9 significantly correlated with histological BC grades of (p=0.03) and strongly correlated with overall survival (p=0.08). CONCLUSION Gene expression signatures are unique for specific grades. Overexpression of MMPs in higher grades might be associated with BC tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, MMPs, and MMP-9 in particular, are reliable candidates for diagnostic biomarker and drug target and further functional analyses have to be performed in order to confirm their role in BC. Our results also suggest the incidence of MMP-9 expression is high in IDC, but it is of limited prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Merdad
- King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel: +966 126401000 ext 25123, ;
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Malki A, El Ashry ES. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a novel quinuclidinone derivative against breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:1367-1376. [PMID: 24596384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, our laboratory reported on novel quinuclidinone derivatives that cause cytotoxicity in human non-small lung carcinoma epithelial cells null for p53 (H1299). The current study aims to investigate the effect of novel designed quinuclidinone derivatives on cytotoxicity towards human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-12a) and an animal model of breast cancer. Quinuclidinone 2 induced growth inhibition mainly through apoptosis in breast cancer cells (MCF-7), with less cytotoxic effects towards normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-12a) compared to the other derivatives. Our novel quinuclidinone-2 increased expression of p53 and cyclin-D and reduced expression levels of (Mdm2), (Bcl-2) and (Akt). It also reduced expression of (Bax) as down stream target of p53 at both RNA and protein levels. Additionally, quinuclidinone 2 induced G1 phase arrest presumably sensitizing breast cancer cells to apoptosis by increasing expression of p21. In vivo studies were performed to assess the anticancer effect of quinuclidinone 2 on N-Nitroso-N-methylurea-induced breast cancer in female rats by evaluating physiological processes and the expression levels of β-catenin and E-cadherin. The approximate lethal dose of quinuclidinone 2 was determined to be 90 mg/kg and it led to significant reduction in tumor size compared to the untreated group. In vivo studies revealed that quninuclidinone derivative 6 does not induce any apparent toxicity towards the treated hosts and under the present experimental set up seems to be a promising candidate for further evaluation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Malki
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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47
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Matera C, Tata AM. Pharmacological approaches to targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov 2014; 9:85-100. [PMID: 25413004 DOI: 10.2174/1574889809666141120131238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cholinergic system markers and muscarinic receptor subtypes in several tissues also of nonneuronal type has been largely demonstrated. Acetylcholine, synthesized in the nervous system, can locally contribute to modulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Considering that the cholinergic system functions are impaired in a number of disorders, the identification of new drugs regulating these functions appears of great clinical relevance. The possible involvement of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in different pathologies has been proposed in recent years and is becoming an important area of study. However, the lack of selective muscarinic receptor ligands has for long time limited the therapeutic treatment based on muscarinic receptors as targets. To date, some muscarinic ligands such as xanomeline (patent, US5980933) or cevimeline (patents US4855290, US5571918) have been developed for the treatment of several pathologies (Alzheimer's and Sjogren's diseases). The present review will be focused on the potential effects produced by muscarinic receptor activation in different pathologies, including tumors. In fact, the potential use of muscarinic ligands in therapeutic protocols in cancer therapy will be discussed, considering that several muscarinic antagonists, already used in the treatment of genitourinary diseases (e.g. darifenacin, patent, US5096890, US6106864), have also been demonstrated to arrest the tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, the contribution of muscarinic receptors to analgesia is also reviewed. Finally, some of the most significant achievements in the field of bitopic/dualsteric ligands will be discussed and the molecules patented so far will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ada M Tata
- Dept. of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Research Center of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza, University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy.
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48
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Sosnovskiĭ SO, Kheĭfets VK, Kagan OF. [Peculiarities of clinical course, diagnostics and treatment of overactive bladder in men older than 60 years]. Adv Gerontol 2014; 27:537-543. [PMID: 25827003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the issues of the characteristics of the course, diagnostics and treatment of hyperactive urinary bubble in older men. Conservative treatment of urinary incontinence includes changes in lifestyle, behavioural and medical therapy with m-anticholinergic drugs. The combination solifenacini in a dose of 5 mg/day and α1-adrenoceptor blocking agent terasolini in a dose of 2 mg/day significantly improves the results of treatment and well tolerated.
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Del Cadia M, De Rienzo F, Weston DA, Thompson AJ, Menziani MC, Lummis SC. Exploring a potential palonosetron allosteric binding site in the 5-HT(3) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7523-8. [PMID: 24128813 PMCID: PMC3898987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Palonosetron (Aloxi) is a potent second generation 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist whose mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. Palonosetron acts at the 5-HT(3) receptor binding site but recent computational studies indicated other possible sites of action in the extracellular domain. To test this hypothesis we mutated a series of residues in the 5-HT3A receptor subunit (Tyr(73), Phe(130), Ser(163), and Asp(165)) and in the 5-HT3B receptor subunit (His(73), Phe(130), Glu(170), and Tyr(143)) that were previously predicted by in silico docking studies to interact with palonosetron. Homomeric (5-HT(3)A) and heteromeric (5-HT(3)AB) receptors were then expressed in HEK293 cells to determine the potency of palonosetron using both fluorimetric and radioligand methods to test function and ligand binding, respectively. The data show that the substitutions have little or no effect on palonosetron inhibition of 5-HT-evoked responses or binding. In contrast, substitutions in the orthosteric binding site abolish palonosetron binding. Overall, the data support a binding site for palonosetron at the classic orthosteric binding pocket between two 5-HT3A receptor subunits but not at allosteric sites previously identified by in silico modelling and docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Cadia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca De Rienzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - David A. Weston
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Maria Cristina Menziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Sarah C.R. Lummis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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50
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Peng X, Zhang MQZ, Conserva F, Hosny G, Selivanova G, Bykov VJN, Arnér ESJ, Wiman KG. APR-246/PRIMA-1MET inhibits thioredoxin reductase 1 and converts the enzyme to a dedicated NADPH oxidase. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e881. [PMID: 24157875 PMCID: PMC3920950 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The low-molecular-weight compound APR-246 (PRIMA-1(MET)) restores wild-type conformation and function to mutant p53, and triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. We show here that APR-246 also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance. APR-246 inhibited both recombinant TrxR1 in vitro and TrxR1 in cells. A Sec-to-Cys mutant of TrxR1 was not inhibited by APR-246, suggesting targeting of the selenocysteine residue in wild-type TrxR1. Preheated APR-246 and its conversion product methylene quinuclidinone (MQ) were much more efficient TrxR1 inhibitors than APR-246 itself, indicating that MQ is the active compound responsible for TrxR1 enzyme inhibition. TrxR1 inhibited by MQ was still functional as a pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase. Knockdown of TrxR1 caused a partial and reproducible attenuation of APR-246-induced tumor cell death independently of p53 status. Cellular TrxR1 activity was also inhibited by APR-246 irrespective of p53 status. We show that APR-246 can directly affect cellular redox status via targeting of TrxR1. Our findings provide an explanation for the previously observed effects of APR-246 on tumor cells lacking mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Peng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M-Q-Z Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Conserva
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hosny
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Selivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V J N Bykov
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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