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Soykan MN, Gunes S. Overexpression of Klotho gene using CRISPR/Cas9 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell motility in the human colorectal cancer cells. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300496. [PMID: 38403402 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in early detection and treatment, colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. The klotho (KL) gene plays a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. This study investigates the role of the KL gene in colorectal cancer by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to overexpress and knock out (KO) the KL gene in human colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2). The effects of the changes were assessed by gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, scratch wound closure assays, colony formation assays, and immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that overexpression of the KL gene increased apoptosis and decreased cell motility in cancer cells, whereas knockout of the KL gene had the opposite role. The present study elucidates the mechanisms underlying this role and highlights the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as a gene editing tool in cancer research. Our data suggest that activation of the KL gene may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy and biomarker for studies in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Soykan
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Gunes
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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2
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Orlandi G, Roncucci L, Carnevale G, Sena P. Different Roles of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Development of Human Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10201. [PMID: 37373349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major life-threatening malignancy, despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts. Apoptosis and autophagy are two processes that share common signaling pathways, are linked by functional relationships and have similar protein components. During the development of cancer, the two processes can trigger simultaneously in the same cell, causing, in some cases, an inhibition of autophagy by apoptosis or apoptosis by autophagy. Malignant cells that have accumulated genetic alterations can take advantage of any alterations in the apoptotic process and as a result, progress easily in the cancerous transformation. Autophagy often plays a suppressive role during the initial stages of carcinogenicity, while in the later stages of cancer development it can play a promoting role. It is extremely important to determine the regulation of this duality of autophagy in the development of CRC and to identify the molecules involved, as well as the signals and the mechanisms behind it. All the reported experimental results indicate that, while the antagonistic effects of autophagy and apoptosis occur in an adverse environment characterized by deprivation of oxygen and nutrients, leading to the formation and development of CRC, the effects of promotion and collaboration usually involve an auxiliary role of autophagy compared to apoptosis. In this review, we elucidate the different roles of autophagy and apoptosis in human CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
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3
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Mabate B, Daub CD, Pletschke BI, Edkins AL. Comparative Analyses of Fucoidans from South African Brown Seaweeds That Inhibit Adhesion, Migration, and Long-Term Survival of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:203. [PMID: 37103342 PMCID: PMC10144773 DOI: 10.3390/md21040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is a recurrent, deadly malignant tumour with a high incidence. The incidence of CRC is of increasing alarm in highly developed countries, as well as in middle to low-income countries, posing a significant global health challenge. Therefore, novel management and prevention strategies are vital in reducing the morbidity and mortality of CRC. Fucoidans from South African seaweeds were hot water extracted and structurally characterised using FTIR, NMR and TGA. The fucoidans were chemically characterised to analyse their composition. In addition, the anti-cancer properties of the fucoidans on human HCT116 colorectal cells were investigated. The effect of fucoidans on HCT116 cell viability was explored using the resazurin assay. Thereafter, the anti-colony formation potential of fucoidans was explored. The potency of fucoidans on the 2D and 3D migration of HCT116 cells was investigated by wound healing assay and spheroid migration assays, respectively. Lastly, the anti-cell adhesion potential of fucoidans on HCT116 cells was also investigated. Our study found that Ecklonia sp. Fucoidans had a higher carbohydrate content and lower sulphate content than Sargassum elegans and commercial Fucus vesiculosus fucoidans. The fucoidans prevented 2D and 3D migration of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells to 80% at a fucoidan concentration of 100 µg/mL. This concentration of fucoidans also significantly inhibited HCT116 cell adhesion by 40%. Moreover, some fucoidan extracts hindered long-term colony formation by HCT116 cancer cells. In summary, the characterised fucoidan extracts demonstrated promising anti-cancer activities in vitro, and this warrants their further analyses in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Mabate
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Chantal Désirée Daub
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett Ivan Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
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4
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Fan S, Wu XL, Xue J, Xu DD, Han YJ, Li YR, Qu M. [Expression of Runt-related Transcription Factor 3 in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT-116 Resistant to 5-Fluorouracil and the Mechanism of Drug Resistance]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2021; 43:706-715. [PMID: 34728031 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish a human colon cancer cell line HCT-116/5-FU resistant to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)and explore the relationship between runt-related transcription factor 3(RUNX3)and drug resistance of colorectal cancer.Methods The human colon cancer cell line HCT-116/5-FU with resistance to 5-FU was established by low concentration gradient increment combined with high-dose intermittent shock.CCK-8 method was used to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 5-FU on the parent line HCT-116 and drug-resistant line HCT-116/5-FU.The cell growth curve was established for the calculation of population doubling time(TD).The mRNA levels and protein levels of RUNX3,P-glycoprotein(P-gp),multidrug resistance-associated protein 1(MRP1),and lung resistance-related protein(LRP)in HCT-116 and HCT-116/5-FU cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The RUNX3 expression in HCT-116 cells was knocked down by siRNA technique,and the cells were divided into RUNX3 knockdown groups(si-RUNX3-1 group and si-RUNX3-2 group)and negative control group(si-NC group).The knockdown efficiency was verified by qRT-PCR at the mRNA level and Western blotting at the protein level.The IC50 in si-RUNX3 groups and si-NC group was determined with CCK-8 method,and the expression of P-gp,MRP1,and LRP in the two groups was detected by Western blotting.Results A stable human colon cancer drug-resistant cell line HCT-116/5-FU was successfully constructed.HCT-116/5-FU showed the TD 1.38 times as long as that of HCT-116(P=0.002)and changed morphology.The mRNA level of RUNX3 in HCT-116/5-FU cells was significantly lower than that in HCT-116 cells(P=0.048),and those of P-gp(P=0.008),MRP1(P=0.001),and LRP(P=0.001)showed the opposite trend.The protein level of RUNX3 in HCT-116/5-FU cells was significantly lower than that in HCT-116(P<0.001),and those of P-gp,MRP1,and LRP presented the opposite trend(all P<0.001).The HCT-116 cell model with low expression of RUNX3 was successfully established.The mRNA level of RUNX3 had no significant difference between si-RUNX3-1 group and si-NC group(P=0.064),while the level in si-RUNX3-2 group was significantly lower than that in si-NC group(P=0.034).The protein levels of RUNX3 in si-RUNX3-1 group and si-RUNX3-2 group were lower than that in si-NC group(both P<0.001).The results demonstrated higher knocking efficiency in si-RUNX3-2 group,which was thus selected to complete the follow-up test.The IC50 of si-RUNX3 group was significantly higher than that of si-NC group(P<0.001),which indicated that the down-regulated expression of RUNX3 could reduce the sensitivity of HCT-116 cells to 5-FU.The relative protein levels of P-gp,MRP1,and LRP in si-RUNX3 group were significantly higher than those in si-NC group(all P<0.001).Conclusion The down-regulation of RUNX3 expression can reduce the sensitivity of HCT-116 cells to 5-FU,which is considered to be related to the up-regulated expression of P-gp,MRP1,and LRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
| | - Xue-Liang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- Central Laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
| | - Yan-Jun Han
- Graduate School of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
| | - Yuan-Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710000,China
| | - Ming Qu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
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5
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Shi Y, Wang X, Meng Y, Ma J, Zhang Q, Shao G, Wang L, Cheng X, Hong X, Wang Y, Yan Z, Cao Y, Kang J, Fu C. A Novel Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and c-Myc-Degradation-Mediated Therapeutic Benefits of Antineurokinin-1 Receptor Drugs in Colorectal Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101936. [PMID: 34605226 PMCID: PMC8564433 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists are approved as treatment for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. The emerging role of the substance P-NK-1R system in oncogenesis raises the possibility of repurposing well-tolerated NK-1R antagonists for cancer treatment. This study reports that human colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with high NK-1R expression have poor survival, and NK-1R antagonists SR140333 and aprepitant induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells and inhibit CRC xenograft growth. This cytotoxicity induced by treatment with NK-1R antagonists is mediated by induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress triggers calcium release, resulting in the suppression of prosurvival extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-c-Myc signaling. Along with ER calcium release, one ER stress pathway mediated by protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) is specifically activated, leading to increased expression of proapoptotic C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, NK-1R antagonists enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by increasing the sensitivity and overcoming resistance to 5-fluorouracil in CRC cells through the induction of sustained ER stress and the consequent suppression of ERK-c-Myc signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the efficacy of NK-1R antagonists either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of OncologyNo. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Yueming Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Gang Shao
- Department of OncologyNo. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of OncologyNo. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceXi Hu Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Xurui Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Xiangyu Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Jian Kang
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control ProgramPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre305 Grattan StreetMelbourneVictoria3000Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3000Australia
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and BiomedicineCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
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Mei Y, Xiao W, Hu H, Lu G, Chen L, Sun Z, Lü M, Ma W, Jiang T, Gao Y, Li L, Chen G, Wang Z, Li H, Wu D, Zhou P, Leng Q, Jia G. Single-cell analyses reveal suppressive tumor microenvironment of human colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e422. [PMID: 34185431 PMCID: PMC8181206 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Profiling heterologous cell types within tumors is essential to decipher tumor microenvironment that shapes tumor progress and determines the outcome of therapeutic response. Here, we comprehensively characterized transcriptomes of 34,037 single cells obtained from 12 treatment-naïve patients with colorectal cancer. Our comprehensive evaluation revealed attenuated B-cell antigen presentation, distinct regulatory T-cell clusters with different origin and novel polyfunctional tumor associated macrophages associated with CRC. Moreover, we identified expanded XCL1+ T-cell clusters associated with tumor mutational burden high status. We further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by profiling epigenetic landscape and inferring transcription factor motifs using single-cell ATAC-seq. Our dataset and analysis approaches herein provide a rich resource for further study of the impact of immune cells and translational research for human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiation OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Hu
- Endoscopy CenterZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guanming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryAffiliated hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxiChina
| | - Lingdan Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhun Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengdie Lü
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - YuanHong Gao
- Department of Radiation OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - LiRen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanjie Li
- Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy CenterZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qibin Leng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Guangshuai Jia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
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Abdelghany L, El-Mahdy N, Kawabata T, Goto S, Li TS. Dipyridamole induces the phosphorylation of CREB to promote cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:251. [PMID: 33664815 PMCID: PMC7882894 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipyridamole, a traditional anti-platelet drug, has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of dipyridamole as an adjuvant of chemotherapy by enhancing the cytotoxicity of an anti-cancer drug. The cytotoxicity of colorectal cancer cells (HCT-8), CD133+/CD44+ stem-like subpopulation of HCT-8 cells and lymphoma cells (U937) to dipyridamole and/or doxorubicin was evaluated using MTT proliferation and colony forming assays. The expression levels of phosphorylated cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (pCREB) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in cells were analyzed via western blotting and immunofluorescence. The present study reported controversial data regarding the anti-cancer effect of dipyridamole. Dipyridamole increased, rather than inhibited, the proliferation of HCT-8 and U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that dipyridamole significantly increased the expression levels of pCREB and PARP-1. However, the combined usage of dipyridamole significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin to HCT-8 cells at particular doses. Based on the current findings, dipyridamole likely induces the phosphorylation of CREB to promote the proliferation of cancer cells, but may enhance the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs at particular doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abdelghany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nageh El-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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8
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Lin PM, Lee HM, Huang CI, Tai TS, Chen JH, Chen CI, Su YC. Synergistic Antiproliferative Effect of Ribociclib (LEE011) and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Colorectal Cancer. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:6265-6271. [PMID: 33109564 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of the combination treatment of Ribociclib (LEE011) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on CRC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HT-29 and SW480 cells were treated with LEE011, 5-FU, or the combination of LEE011 and 5-FU. Cell viability and cycle were investigated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. The expression of cell cycle-related proteins was determined through western blot. RESULTS The combined treatment of LEE011 with 5-FU synergistically reduced cell viability in HT-29 and SW480 cells. Specifically, it induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, down-regulated the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and the expression of p53. CONCLUSION LEE011 exhibited potential as an effective therapeutic inhibitor for the combination treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Mei Lin
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Ming Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-I Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Tai
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jian-Han Chen
- Bariatric and Metabolism International Surgery Center, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-I Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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9
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Haak F, Obrecht I, Tosti N, Weixler B, Mechera R, Däster S, von Strauss M, Delko T, Spagnoli GC, Terracciano L, Sconocchia G, von Flüe M, Kraljević M, Droeser RA. Tumor Infiltration by OX40+ Cells Enhances the Prognostic Significance of CD16+ Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820903383. [PMID: 32107932 PMCID: PMC7053789 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820903383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Analysis of tumor immune infiltration has been suggested to outperform tumor,
node, metastasis staging in predicting clinical course of colorectal cancer
(CRC). Infiltration by cells expressing OX40, a member of the tumor necrosis
factor receptor family, or CD16, expressed by natural killer cells,
monocytes, and dendritic cells, has been associated with favorable prognosis
in patients with CRC. We hypothesized that assessment of CRC infiltration by
both OX40+ and CD16+ cells might result in enhanced prognostic
significance. Methods: Colorectal cancer infiltration by OX40 and CD16 expressing cells was
investigated in 441 primary CRCs using tissue microarrays and specific
antibodies, by immunohistochemistry. Patients’ survival was evaluated by
Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Multivariate Cox regression analysis,
hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were also used to evaluate
prognostic significance of OX40+ and CD16+ cell infiltration. Results: Colorectal cancer infiltration by OX40+ and CD16+ cells was subclassified
into 4 groups with high or low infiltration levels in all possible
combinations. High levels of infiltration by both OX40+ and CD16+ cells were
associated with lower pT stage, absence of peritumoral lymphocytic (PTL)
inflammation, and a positive prognostic impact. Patients bearing tumors with
high infiltration by CD16+ and OX40+ cells were also characterized by
significantly longer overall survival, as compared with the other groups.
These results were confirmed by analyzing an independent validation
cohort. Conclusions: Combined infiltration by OX40+ and CD16+ immune cells is an independent
favorable prognostic marker in CRC. The prognostic value of CD16+ immune
cell infiltration is significantly improved by the combined analysis with
OX40+ cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Haak
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Obrecht
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Tosti
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco von Strauss
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Delko
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus von Flüe
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Kraljević
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Bai N, Ma Y, Zhao J, Li B. Knockdown of lncRNA HCP5 Suppresses the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by miR-299-3p/PFN1/AKT Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4747-4758. [PMID: 32606965 PMCID: PMC7310975 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s255866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. The lncRNA HCP5 has been reported to affect the progression of tumor in several types of cancer. Here, in this research, we focus on the role and function of lncRNA HCP5 in human colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients were used for detecting the expression of HCP5 by qRT-PCR. Proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptotic cells were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assays and flow cytometry in SW480 and HCT-116 cells. The interactions between miR-299-3p and HCP5 or PFN1 were analyzed and confirmed by online database and luciferase reporter assays. The changes in PFN1 and AKT proteins were measured by Western blot. In vivo experiment was used to confirm the role of HCP5 in CRC. RESULTS The expression of HCP5 had a higher level in colorectal cancer samples and cells by qRT-PCR, comparing with the normal colorectal tissues and human normal colon epithelial cell. It was revealed that knockdown of HCP5 inhibited viabilities, migration and invasion, while inducing apoptosis in SW480 and HCT-116 cells. Then, HCP5 negatively regulated the expressions of miR-299-3p, which negatively regulated the expressions of PFN1 by targeting PFN1. Furthermore, miR-299-3p inhibitor could alleviate the inhibiting effect by si-HCP5 on cell process of SW480 and HCT-116 cells. In addition, the lncHCP5/miR-299-3p/PFN1 axis could affect the progression of CRC through activating the AKT signaling. Last, we confirmed that knockdown of HCP5 inhibited the progression of CRC with an in vivo experiment. CONCLUSION The experiments and analyses support our hypothesis that knockdown of lncRNA HCP5 suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer by miR-299-3p/PFN1/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xi’an Centre Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xi’an Centre Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xi’an Centre Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Xi’an Centre Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi710003, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Mohammadian Gol T, Rodemann HP, Dittmann K. Depletion of Akt1 and Akt2 Impairs the Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks via Homologous Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246316. [PMID: 31847370 PMCID: PMC6941063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and alternative NHEJ are major pathways that are utilized by cells for processing DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs); their function plays an important role in the radiation resistance of tumor cells. Conflicting data exist regarding the role of Akt in homologous recombination (HR), i.e., the regulation of Rad51 as a major protein of this pathway. This study was designed to investigate the specific involvement of Akt isoforms in HRR. HCT116 colon cancer cells with stable AKT-knock-out and siRNA-mediated AKT-knockdown phenotypes were used to investigate the role of Akt1 and Akt2 isoforms in HR. The results clearly demonstrated that HCT116 AKT1-KO and AKT2-KO cells have a significantly reduced Rad51 foci formation 6 h post irradiation versus parental cells. Depletion of Akt1 and Akt2 protein levels as well as inhibition of Akt kinase activity resulted in an increased number of residual-γH2AX in CENP-F positive cells mainly representing the S and G2 phase cells. Furthermore, inhibition of NHEJ and HR using DNA-PK and Rad51 antagonists resulted in stronger radiosensitivity of AKT1 and AKT2 knockout cells versus wild type cells. These data collectively show that both Akt1 and Akt2 are involved in DSBs repair through HRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mohammadian Gol
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.P.R.); (K.D.); Tel.: +49-70-7129-87465 (K.D.); Fax: +49-70-7129-5900 (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.P.R.); (K.D.); Tel.: +49-70-7129-87465 (K.D.); Fax: +49-70-7129-5900 (K.D.)
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12
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Yang G, Amidi E, Chapman W, Nandy S, Mostafa A, Abdelal H, Alipour Z, Chatterjee D, Mutch M, Zhu Q. Co-registered photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of human colorectal cancer. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-13. [PMID: 31746155 DOI: 10.1117/12.2507638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
<p>Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy diagnosed globally. Critical gaps exist in diagnostic and surveillance imaging modalities for colorectal neoplasia. Although prior studies have demonstrated the capability of photoacoustic imaging techniques to differentiate normal from neoplastic tissue in the gastrointestinal tract, evaluation of deep tissue with a fast speed and a large field of view remains limited. To investigate the ability of photoacoustic technology to image deeper tissue, we conducted a pilot study using a real-time co-registered photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasound (US) system. A total of 23 <italic>ex vivo</italic> human colorectal tissue samples were imaged immediately after surgical resection. Co-registered photoacoustic images of malignancies showed significantly increased PAT signal compared to normal regions of the same sample. The quantitative relative total hemoglobin (rHbT) concentration computed from four optical wavelengths, the spectral features, such as the mean spectral slope, and 0.5-MHz intercept extracted from PAT and US spectral data, and image features, such as the first- and second-order statistics along with the standard deviation of the mean radon transform of PAT images, have shown statistical significance between untreated colorectal tumors and the normal tissue. Using either a logistic regression model or a support vector machine, the best set of parameters of rHbT and PAT intercept has achieved area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of 0.97 and 0.95 for both training and testing data sets, respectively, for prediction of histologically confirmed invasive carcinoma.</p>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Washington Univ. in St. Louis, United States
| | | | - William Chapman
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis, United States
| | | | | | - Heba Abdelal
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis, United States
| | - Zahra Alipour
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis, United States
| | | | - Matthew Mutch
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis, United States
| | - Quing Zhu
- Washington Univ. in St. Louis, United States
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis, United States
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13
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Yang G, Amidi E, Chapman WC, Nandy S, Mostafa A, Abdelal H, Alipour Z, Chatterjee D, Mutch M, Zhu Q. Co-registered photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of human colorectal cancer. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-13. [PMID: 31746155 PMCID: PMC6861706 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
<p>Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy diagnosed globally. Critical gaps exist in diagnostic and surveillance imaging modalities for colorectal neoplasia. Although prior studies have demonstrated the capability of photoacoustic imaging techniques to differentiate normal from neoplastic tissue in the gastrointestinal tract, evaluation of deep tissue with a fast speed and a large field of view remains limited. To investigate the ability of photoacoustic technology to image deeper tissue, we conducted a pilot study using a real-time co-registered photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasound (US) system. A total of 23 <italic>ex vivo</italic> human colorectal tissue samples were imaged immediately after surgical resection. Co-registered photoacoustic images of malignancies showed significantly increased PAT signal compared to normal regions of the same sample. The quantitative relative total hemoglobin (rHbT) concentration computed from four optical wavelengths, the spectral features, such as the mean spectral slope, and 0.5-MHz intercept extracted from PAT and US spectral data, and image features, such as the first- and second-order statistics along with the standard deviation of the mean radon transform of PAT images, have shown statistical significance between untreated colorectal tumors and the normal tissue. Using either a logistic regression model or a support vector machine, the best set of parameters of rHbT and PAT intercept has achieved area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of 0.97 and 0.95 for both training and testing data sets, respectively, for prediction of histologically confirmed invasive carcinoma.</p>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Eghbal Amidi
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - William C. Chapman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Atahar Mostafa
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Heba Abdelal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Zahra Alipour
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Matthew Mutch
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Quing Zhu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Address all correspondence to Quing Zhu,
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14
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Wu Z, Ichinose T, Naoe Y, Matsumura S, Villalobos IB, Eissa IR, Yamada S, Miyajima N, Morimoto D, Mukoyama N, Nishikawa Y, Koide Y, Kodera Y, Tanaka M, Kasuya H. Combination of Cetuximab and Oncolytic Virus Canerpaturev Synergistically Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer Growth. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 13:107-115. [PMID: 31193737 PMCID: PMC6539424 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring oncolytic herpes simplex virus canerpaturev (C-REV), formerly HF10, proved its therapeutic efficacy and safety in multiple clinical trials against melanoma, pancreatic, breast, and head and neck cancers. Meanwhile, patients with colorectal cancer, which has increased in prevalence in recent decades, continue to have poor prognosis and morbidity. Combination therapy has better response rates than monotherapy. Hence, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of cetuximab, a widely used anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, and C-REV, either alone or in combination, in vitro and in an in vivo human colorectal xenograft model. In human colorectal cancer cell lines with different levels of EGFR expression (HT-29, WiDr, and CW2), C-REV exhibited cytotoxic effects in a time- and dose-dependent manner, irrespective of EGFR expression. Moreover, cetuximab had no effect on viral replication in vitro. Combining cetuximab and C-REV induced a synergistic antitumor effect in HT-29 tumor xenograft models by promoting the distribution of C-REV throughout the tumor and suppressing angiogenesis. Application of cetuximab prior to C-REV yielded better tumor regression than administration of the drug after the virus. Thus, cetuximab represents an ideal virus-associated agent for antitumor therapy, and combination therapy represents a promising antitumor strategy for human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wu
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toru Ichinose
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsumura
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itzel Bustos Villalobos
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Ragab Eissa
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyajima
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daishi Morimoto
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mukoyama
- Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koide
- Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maki Tanaka
- Takara Bio Inc., 7-4-38, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-0058, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideki Kasuya
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
- Corresponding author: Hideki Kasuya, MD, PhD, FACS, Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan.
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15
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Chen Y, Zheng K, Chen Z, Feng H, Fang W, Huang Z. [ADAM17 knockdown increases sensitivity of SW480 cells to cetuximad]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:1366-1371. [PMID: 30514687 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between expression of ADAM17 and cetuximad resistance in human colorectal cancer SW480 cells. METHODS The expression of ADAM17 was detected using Western blotting in different human colorectal cancer cell lines, and the cells highly expressing ADAM17 were selected as the target cells. SW480 cells were transfected with ADAM17-siRNA 1 and ADAM17-siRNA 2 and the changes in the expression of ADAM17 protein were detected using Western blotting. SW480 cells were exposed to cetuximad for 24 h and the cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used to examine the migration ability of SW480 cells with different expression levels of ADAM17; Western blotting was used to analyze the changes in the expressions of AKT signaling pathway-related proteins in the treated cells. RESULTS The baseline expressions of ADAM17 were significantly higher in SW480 cells than in the other human colorectal cancer cell lines tested (P < 0.05). Both ADAM17-siRNA 1 and 2 effectively reduced the expression of ADAM17 protein in SW480 cells. Knockdown of ADAM17 with siRNA 1 significantly increased the sensitivity of SW480 cells to tocetuximad (P < 0.05), obviously inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and significantly reduced the expressions of p-EGFR and p-AKT in the cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ADAM17 knockdown obviously inhibits EGFR-AKT signaling pathway and increases the sensitivity of SW480 cells to tocetuximad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kehong Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Haizhan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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16
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Wang Y, Fan L, Cui C, Wang Y, Liang T. EZH2 inhibition promotes methyl jasmonate-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1231-6. [PMID: 30061944 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate potentially induces the differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells and inhibits their proliferation; it may induce the differentiation and apoptosis of human lymphocytic leukemia cells, but does not exert a damaging effect on normal lymphocytes. In the present study, the anticancer effect of methyl jasmonate on human colorectal cancer cells was investigated. Cell viability and apoptosis was assessed using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Methyl jasmonate suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, methyl jasmonate increased the activation of caspase-3, inhibited the expression levels of enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human colorectal cancer. Downregulation of EZH2 expression enhanced the anticancer effect of methyl jasmonate on human colorectal cancer cells through suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, EZH2 downregulation promotes the anticancer effect of methyl jasmonate by inducing apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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17
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Zhang J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Liu T, Li C, Wang L. Oncogenic role of microRNA-532-5p in human colorectal cancer via targeting of the 5'UTR of RUNX3. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7215-7220. [PMID: 29849790 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). To the best of our knowledge, the function and regulatory role of miR-532-5p in human CRC remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the role and regulation of miR-532-5p in CRC. Using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, it was demonstrated that miR-532-5p was upregulated, whereas runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was downregulated in CRC tissues. The upregulated miR-532-5p was associated with the downregulated RUNX3. Furthermore, the two biomarkers were associated with numerous clinicopathological characteristics of CRC, including tumor stage, lymph node involvement, differentiation, vessel invasion and tumor recurrence. The in vitro luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that transfection with miR-532-5p mimic markedly downregulated the RUNX3 mRNA and protein levels, via specific binding to the 5'-untranslated region of RUNX3 in human HT-29 CRC cells. In addition, an MTT assay and a colony formation assay demonstrated that miR-532-5p overexpression led to increased tumor cell viability and colony formation ability of HT-29 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that miR-532-5p may function as an oncogenic miRNA by promoting cell growth in human CRC cells, and such promotion is associated with the targeted inhibition of RUNX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chenyao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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18
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Fagoonee S, Picco G, Orso F, Arrigoni A, Longo DL, Forni M, Scarfò I, Cassenti A, Piva R, Cassoni P, Silengo L, Tolosano E, Aime S, Taverna D, Pandolfi PP, Brancaccio M, Medico E, Altruda F. The RNA-binding protein ESRP1 promotes human colorectal cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10007-24. [PMID: 28052020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is an epithelial cell-specific RNA binding protein that controls several key cellular processes, like alternative splicing and translation. Previous studies have demonstrated a tumor suppressor role for this protein. Recently, however, a pro-metastatic function of ESRP1 has been reported. We thus aimed at clarifying the role of ESRP1 in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) by performing loss- and gain-of-function studies, and evaluating tumorigenesis and malignancy with in vitro and in vivo approaches. We found that ESRP1 plays a role in anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells. ESRP1-overexpressing cells grown in suspension showed enhanced fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1/2) signalling, Akt activation, and Snail upregulation. Moreover, ESRP1 promoted the ability of CRC cells to generate macrometastases in mice livers. High ESRP1 expression may thus stimulate growth of cancer epithelial cells and promote colorectal cancer progression. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into a previously unreported, pro-oncogenic role for ESRP1 in CRC, and suggest that fine-tuning the level of this RNA-binding protein could be relevant in modulating tumor growth in a subset of CRC patients.
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Chandrasekaran KS, Sathyanarayanan A, Karunagaran D. miR-214 activates TP53 but suppresses the expression of RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3 in human cervical and colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:464-471. [PMID: 29023799 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) was identified as a target of miR-214 in human cervical and colorectal cancers (CaCx and CRC) in a previous study. While the expression of miR-214 remains suppressed, HMGA1 behaves as a potent oncogene and plays crucial roles in several aberrant signalling pathways by interacting with intermediates like RELA, CTNNB1, STAT3, and TP53 in CaCx and CRC. Hypothetically, miR-214 should be able to regulate the stabilization of some of these intermediates through the regulation of HMGA1. This was assessed by ectopically expressing miR-214 or complementarily, by inhibiting the expression of HMGA1. In promoter luciferase assays, miR-214 inhibited NF-κB and Wnt activities but elevated TP53 activity in cancer cells. Further, miR-214 suppressed the expression of HMGA1, RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3 while elevating TP53 levels, similar to when small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HMGA1 was used, as revealed by Western blotting. It is suggested that poor expression of miR-214, commonly reported in CaCx and CRC tissues, may not only result in the sustained expression of HMGA1 but also that of RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3, and a congruent suppression of TP53 during cancer initiation/progression. These several states are, however, reversed when miR-214 is reintroduced and could explain the tumour suppressive functions observed in earlier studies. Further studies are, however, required to reveal how microRNA-mediated regulation of HMGA1 expression may affect individual signalling pathways in CaCx and CRC. Current results reveal that miR-214 is not only able to regulate the expression of its direct target, HMGA1, but also that of a few signalling intermediates like TP53, RELA, CTNNB1, and STAT3, with which HMGA1 interacts. These intermediates play crucial roles in signalling pathways commonly deregulated in human CaCx and CRC. Hence, it is proposed that miR-214 might act as a tumour suppressor by regulating several aberrant signalling pathways through HMGA1. This knowledge has the potential to help design novel therapeutic strategies in CaCx and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Subramanian Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Sathyanarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Liu L, Gao H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Lin S, Wang H, Wu Q, Guo J. Catalpol promotes cellular apoptosis in human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells via microRNA-200 and the downregulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3741-3747. [PMID: 28927141 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol is an effective active ingredient that functions as a diuretic and laxative, and exhibits blood sugar-lowering, liver protective, anti-aging and anticancer effects. In traditional Chinese medicine, catalpol is believed to be Yin nourishing. The anticancer effect of catalpol on human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were investigated and the mechanism of action was evaluated. Cellular viability was detected using an MTT assay. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, cellular apoptosis and nucleic morphology were analyzed using caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity assay kits, flow cytometric assays and DAPI staining assay, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-Akt) and Akt. Expression of microRNA-200 was detected using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HCT116 cells were incubated with PI3K inhibitors in order to analyze the effect of catalpol on cell proliferation. Catalpol was able to inhibit HCT116 cell proliferation. Furthermore, catalpol induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, which depended on the increased activities of caspase-3 and -9. In addition, catalpol reduced the expression of PI3K, p-Akt and Akt in HCT116 cells. However, downregulation of PI3K/Akt decreased the viability of HCT116 cells following treatment with catalpol and enhanced microRNA-200 expression. Catalpol promoted cellular apoptosis in human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells through upregulation of microRNA-200 expression, which depended on a downregulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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21
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Hu G, Li Z, Wang S. Tumor-infiltrating FoxP3 + Tregs predict favorable outcome in colorectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75361-75371. [PMID: 29088871 PMCID: PMC5650426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (FoxP3+ Tregs) are considered to be a key mediator in immune escape and tumor progression. However, the role of FoxP3+ Tregs in human colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis including 17 published studies with 3811 patients identified from PubMed and EBSCO to assess the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ Tregs in human CRC. We found FoxP3+ Tregs infiltrating into both intraepithelium and stroma within tumor were significantly positively correlated with 1, 3, 5 and 10-year overall survival (OS), but not with 1, 3, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of patients. Interestingly, in stratified analyses by compartments within tumor FoxP3+ Tregs infiltrating into, FoxP3+ Tregs invading stromal compartment significantly improved 3 and 5-year OS, yet OS wasn’t improved when FoxP3+ Tregs infiltrated into intraepithelium only. Furthermore, FoxP3+ Tregs invading both intraepithelium and stroma significantly inversely correlated with TNM stage of CRC. In conclusion, High density of FoxP3+ Tregs within tumor especially at stromal compartment leads to a favorable outcome in CRC, implicating FoxP3+ Tregs are one of valuable indexes for prognostic prediction in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, 312000, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhi'an Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaoxing Second Hospital, 312000, Shaoxing, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, 312000, Shaoxing, China
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22
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Chen AD, Li H, Li YC, Zeng H. Naphthazarin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via the B-cell lymphoma 2/B-cell associated X protein signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5211-5216. [PMID: 28101239 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer in the USA. Naphthazarin, one of the naturally available 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, is a natural bioactive molecule that exhibits an antitumor effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the anticancer effect of naphthazarin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human SW480 colorectal cancer cells. In the present study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to assess the effect of napthazarin on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of SW430 cells, respectively. In addition, an Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis assay and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used to analyze cell and nuclei apoptosis of SW480 cells, respectively, following treatment with naphthazarin. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell associated X protein (Bax) protein expression was analyzed by western blot. Furthermore, caspase-3 activation was analyzed using a commercial kit. The results revealed that naphthazarin exhibited cell growth inhibition, an increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in SW480 cells, which was associated with activation of the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway and cleaved caspase-3 activation. However, no significant differences in PARP expression were identified following treatment with naphthazarin in SW480 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that naphthazarin decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of SW480 cells, indicating that naphthazarin may present a potential therapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Dong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Li
- Department of Second General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zeng
- Department of Second General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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23
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Wu S, Guo Z, Hopkins CD, Wei N, Chu E, Wipf P, Schmitz JC. Bis-cyclopropane analog of disorazole C1 is a microtubule-destabilizing agent active in ABCB1-overexpressing human colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40866-79. [PMID: 26506423 PMCID: PMC4747374 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel, chemically stabilized disorazole analog, (−)-CP2-disorazole C1 (1) displayed potent anti-proliferative activity against a broad-spectrum of human colorectal cancer cells. HCT15 and H630R1 cell lines expressing high basal levels of the ABCB1 protein, known to cause multi-drug resistance, were also sensitive to growth inhibition by 1 but were resistant to both vincristine and docetaxel, two commonly used microtubule inhibitors. Compound 1 exhibited strong inhibition of tubulin polymerization at a level comparable to vincristine. In addition, treatment with 1 resulted in decreased protein levels of β-tubulin but not α-tubulin. An analysis of cellular proteins known to interact with microtubules showed that 1 caused decreased expression of c-Myc, APC, Rb, and additional key cellular signaling pathways in CRC cells. Treatment with compound 1 also resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, but not senescence. Furthermore, endothelial spheroid sprouting assays demonstrated that 1 suppressed angiogenesis and can, therefore, potentially prevent cancer cells from spreading and metastasizing. Taken together, these findings suggest that the microtubule disruptor 1 may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chad D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ning Wei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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24
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Ali I, Medegan B, Braun DP. Wnt9A Induction Linked to Suppression of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:495. [PMID: 27049382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies of Wnt signaling in malignant tissues have focused on the canonical Wnt pathway (CWP) due to its role in stimulating cellular proliferation. The role of the non-canonical Wnt pathway (NCWP) in tissues with dysregulated Wnt signaling is not fully understood. Understanding NCWP’s role is important since these opposing pathways act in concert to maintain homeostasis in healthy tissues. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that LiCl inhibited proliferation of primary cells derived from colorectal cancer (CRC). Since LiCl stimulates cell proliferation in normal tissues and NCWP suppresses it, the present study was designed to investigate the impact of NCWP components in LiCl-mediated effects. LiCl-mediated inhibition of CRC cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and increased apoptosis (p < 0.01) coincided with 23-fold increase (p < 0.025) in the expression of the NCWP ligand, Wnt9A. LiCl also suppressed β-catenin mRNA (p < 0.03), total β-catenin protein (p < 0.025) and the active form of β-catenin. LiCl-mediated inhibition of CRC cell proliferation was partially reversed by IWP-2, and Wnt9A antibody. Recombinant Wnt9A protein emulated LiCl effects by suppressing β-catenin protein (p < 0.001), inhibiting proliferation (p < 0.001) and increasing apoptosis (p < 0.03). This is the first study to demonstrate induction of a NCWP ligand, Wnt9A as part of a mechanism for LiCl-mediated suppression of CRC cell proliferation.
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25
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Eo HJ, Kwon TH, Park GH, Song HM, Lee SJ, Park NH, Jeong JB. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Phlorofucofuroeckol A via Upregulation of Activating Transcription Factor 3 against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14040069. [PMID: 27043582 PMCID: PMC4849073 DOI: 10.3390/md14040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A), one of the phlorotannins found in brown algae, has been reported to exert anti-cancer property. However, the molecular mechanism for the anti-cancer effect of PFF-A has not been known. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been reported to be associated with apoptosis in colorectal cancer. The present study was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which PFF-A stimulates ATF3 expression and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. PFF-A decreased cell viability through apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. PFF-A increased ATF3 expression through regulating transcriptional activity. The responsible cis-element for ATF3 transcriptional activation by PFF-A was cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), located between positions −147 and −85 of the ATF3 promoter. Inhibition of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, and IκB kinase (IKK)-α blocked PFF-A-mediated ATF3 expression. ATF3 knockdown by ATF3 siRNA attenuated the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by PFF-A, while ATF3 overexpression increased PFF-A-mediated cleaved PARP. These results suggest that PFF-A may exert anti-cancer property through inducing apoptosis via the ATF3-mediated pathway in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Eo
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24234, Korea.
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea.
| | - Hun Min Song
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Dogye 25949, Korea.
| | - Nyun-Ho Park
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bioindustry, Uljin 36315, Korea.
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea.
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26
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Wei N, Chu E, Wu SY, Wipf P, Schmitz JC. The cytotoxic effects of regorafenib in combination with protein kinase D inhibition in human colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4745-56. [PMID: 25544765 PMCID: PMC4467112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a major public health problem, and diagnosis of metastatic disease is usually associated with poor prognosis. The multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib was approved in 2013 in the U.S. for the treatment of mCRC patients who progressed after standard therapies. However, the clinical efficacy of regorafenib is quite limited. One potential strategy to improve mCRC therapy is to combine agents that target key cellular signaling pathways, which may lead to synergistic enhancement of antitumor efficacy and overcome cellular drug resistance. Protein kinase D (PKD), a family of serine/threonine kinases, mediates key signaling pathways implicated in multiple cellular processes. Herein, we evaluated the combination of regorafenib with a PKD inhibitor in several human CRC cells. Using the Chou-Talalay model, the combination index values for this combination treatment demonstrated synergistic effects on inhibition of cell proliferation and clonal formation. This drug combination resulted in induction of apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry, increased PARP cleavage, and decreased activation of the anti-apoptotic protein HSP27. This combination also yielded enhanced inhibition of ERK, AKT, and NF-κB signaling. Taken together, PKD inhibition in combination with regorafenib appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shao-yu Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Däster S, Eppenberger-Castori S, Hirt C, Soysal SD, Delko T, Nebiker CA, Weixler B, Amicarella F, Iezzi G, Governa V, Padovan E, Mele V, Sconocchia G, Heberer M, Terracciano L, Kettelhack C, Oertli D, Spagnoli GC, von Holzen U, Tornillo L, Droeser RA. Absence of myeloperoxidase and CD8 positive cells in colorectal cancer infiltrates identifies patients with severe prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1050574. [PMID: 26587320 PMCID: PMC4635694 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) infiltration by cells expressing myeloperoxidase (MPO) or CD8 positive T lymphocytes has been shown to be independently associated with favorable prognosis. We explored the relationship occurring between CD8+ and MPO+ cell CRC infiltration, its impact on clinical-pathological features and its prognostic significance in a tissue microarray (TMA) including 1,162 CRC. We observed that CRC showing high MPO+ cell infiltration are characterized by a prognosis as favorable as that of cancers with high CD8+ T cell infiltration. However, MPO+ and CD8+ CRC infiltrating cells did not synergize in determining a more favorable outcome, as compared with cancers showing MPOhigh/CD8low or MPOlow/CD8high infiltrates. Most importantly, we identified a subgroup of CRC with MPOlow/CD8low tumor infiltration characterized by a particularly severe prognosis. Intriguingly, although MPO+ and CD8+ cells did not co-localize in CRC infiltrates, an increased expression of TIA-1 and granzyme-B was detectable in T cells infiltrating CRC with high MPO+ cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Däster
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Hirt
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Delko
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian A Nebiker
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amicarella
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Governa
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Padovan
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Mele
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine; National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Heberer
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Oertli
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, Indiana University Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
| | - Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Kim HY, Lee SG, Oh TJ, Lim SR, Kim SH, Lee HJ, Kim YS, Choi HK. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activity of Chamaecyparis obtusa Leaf Extract against the HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line and Investigation of the Bioactive Compound by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2015; 20:18066-82. [PMID: 26445036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) belongs to the Cupressaceae family, and it is found widely distributed in Japan and Korea. In this study, the anti-proliferative activities of the methanol and water extracts of CO leaves against a human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) were investigated. The methanol extract of CO leaves, at a concentration of 1.25 µg/mL, exhibited anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cells, while displaying no cytotoxicity against Chang liver cells. Comparative global metabolite profiling was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, and it was revealed that anthricin was the major compound contributing to the anti-proliferative activity. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases played a key role in the apoptotic effect of the methanol extract of CO leaves in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. These results suggest that the methanol extract and anthricin derived from CO leaves might be useful in the development of medicines with anti-colorectal cancer activity.
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29
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Hirt C, Eppenberger-Castori S, Sconocchia G, Iezzi G, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Spagnoli GC, Droeser RA. Colorectal carcinoma infiltration by myeloperoxidase-expressing neutrophil granulocytes is associated with favorable prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25990. [PMID: 24244897 PMCID: PMC3825723 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic relevance of innate immune cells infiltrating colorectal carcinoma lesions is highly debated. By evaluating the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a marker of neutrophil granulocytes in a large cohort of colorectal carcinoma specimens, we have observed that robust tumor-infiltration by MPO+ cells correlates with improved patient survival independently of other histopathological parameters, including disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hirt
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Basel; Basel, Switzerland ; Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management (ICFS) and Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel, Switzerland
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Li XL, Sun S, Du GJ, Qi LW, Williams S, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Effects of Oplopanax horridus on human colorectal cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:295-302. [PMID: 20332432 PMCID: PMC3057088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we investigated the inhibitive effects of Oplopanax horridus extract (OhE) and its fractions (OhF1, OhF2, OhF3, OhF4 and OhF5) on the growth of human colorectal cancer cells and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiproliferative effects were evaluated by MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) cell proliferation assay. Apoptotic effects and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with Annexin V/PI or PI/RNase. RESULTS After treatment for 48 h, OhE, OhF4 and OhF5 (10-100 microg/ml) inhibited proliferation of HCT-116, SW-480 and HT-29 cell lines, and cell growth decreased most with the treatment of OhF4. On the other hand, OhF1, OhF2 and OhF3 were not observed to have obvious suppressive effects on these cell lines at concentrations of 10-100 microg/ml. OhE, OhF4 and OhF5 (1-10 microg/ml) noticeably induced apoptosis time- and concentration-dependently compared to the control at the same time point. Treatment with OhE, OhF4 or OhF5 (1-10 microg/ml) for 24 h distinctly induced a G(2)/M-phase arrest of the cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. The trend of increasing cyclin A and cyclin B1 were similar to the increase of G(2)/M phase cells in all treated groups. CONCLUSION These results showed that OhE had potential antiproliferative effects on human colorectal cancer cells, and the active components are enriched in the OhF4 and OhF5 fractions. The anticancer mechanism of OhE, OhF4 and OhF5 might be attributed to the induction of apoptosis and the regulation of cell cycle transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Luo X, Wang CZ, Chen J, Song WX, Luo J, Tang N, He BC, Kang Q, Wang Y, Du W, He TC, Yuan CS. Characterization of gene expression regulated by American ginseng and ginsenoside Rg3 in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2008; 32:975-983. [PMID: 18425323 PMCID: PMC2677725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L., Araliaceae) possesses anti-cancer potential and is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in the United States. Ginsenoside Rg3, one of the saponins in American ginseng, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In this study, we sought to characterize the downstream genes targeted by American ginseng extracts in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. We first demonstrated that the content of Rg3 in American ginseng steamed at 120 degrees C for 2 h (referred to as S2h) was significantly increased when compared with that of the unsteamed ginseng. Both S2h and Rg3 exhibited antiproliferative effects on HCT-116 cells. Using the Affymetrix high density genechips containing more than 40,000 genes and ESTs, the gene expression profiling of HCT-116 cells were assayed. Microarray data indicated that the expression levels of 76 genes were changed significantly after treatment with S2h or Rg3, whereby it was found that 52 of the 76 genes were up-regulated while the remaining 24 were down-regulated. Ingenuity pathways analysis of top functions affected by both S2h and Rg3 were carried out. The most effected pathway is the Ephrin receptor pathway. To validate the microarray data, quantitative real-time PCR of six candidate target genes was conducted, whereby it was found that three genes were up-regulated (AKAPA8L, PMPCB and PDE5A) and three were down-regulated (PITPNA, DUS2L and RIC8A). Although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action, our findings should expand the understanding of the molecular framework of American ginseng as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Bras-Gonçalves RA, Rosty C, Laurent-Puig P, Soulié P, Dutrillaux B, Poupon MF. Sensitivity to CPT-11 of xenografted human colorectal cancers as a function of microsatellite instability and p53 status. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:913-23. [PMID: 10732766 PMCID: PMC2374412 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological parameters influencing the response of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) to CPT-11, a topoisomerase 1 (top1) inhibitor, were investigated using a panel of nine CRCs xenografted into nude mice. CRC xenografts differed in their p53 status (wt or muf) and in their microsatellite instability phenotype (MSI+ when altered). Five CRC xenografts were established from clinical samples. All five had a functional p53, two were MSI+ and three were MSI-. Tumour-bearing nude mice were treated intraperitonealy (i.p.) with CPT-11. At 10 mg kg(-1) of CPT-11, four injections at 4-day intervals, four of the five xenografts responded to CPT-11 (growth delay of up to 10 days); the non-responder tumour was MSI-. At 40 mg kg(-1) of CPT-11, six injections at 4-day intervals, the five CRCs displayed variable but marked responses with complete regressions. In order to assess the role of p53 status in CPT-11 response, four CRC lines were used. HT29 cell line was MSI-/Ala273-mutp53, its subclone HT29A3 being transfected by wtp53. LoVo cell line was MSI+/wtp53, its subclone X17LoVo dominantly expressed Ala273-mutp53 after transfection. LoVo tumours (MSI+/mutp53) were more sensitive than X17LoVo (MSI+/mutp53. HT 29 tumours (MSI-Imutp53), were refractory to CPT-11 while HT29A3 tumours (MSI-/wtp53) were sensitive, showing that wtp53 improves the drug-response in these MSI- tumours. Levels of mRNA expression of top1, fasR, TP53 and mdr1 were semi-quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. None of these parameters correlated with CPT-11 response. Taken together, these observations indicate that MSI and p53 alterations could be associated with different CPT-11 sensitivities; MSI phenotype moderately influences the CPT-11 sensitivity, MSI+ being more sensitive than MSI(-)CRC freshly obtained from patients, mutp53 status being associated with a poor response to CPT-11.
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Smith K, Bui TD, Poulsom R, Kaklamanis L, Williams G, Harris AL. Up-regulation of macrophage wnt gene expression in adenoma-carcinoma progression of human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:496-502. [PMID: 10507776 PMCID: PMC2362915 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the APC-beta-catenin pathway are common in colon cancer. We investigated whether aberrant regulation of upstream ligands stimulating this pathway occur in colon cancer. Using RNAase protection analysis, six out of eight wnt genes were expressed in 14 matched cases of normal, adenomatous and malignant colorectal tissues. Wnt 2 and wnt 5a were significantly up-regulated in the progression from normal through adenoma to carcinoma. Transcripts for wnts 4, 7b, 10b and 13, but not wnt 2 and wnt 5a were detected in several colorectal cell lines. In situ hybridization demonstrated that wnt 2 and wnt 5a transcripts were mainly in the lamina propria/stroma region with labelling predominantly in macrophages. Immunostaining with CD68 confirmed the wnt-expressing cells as macrophages. These results show a major difference in wnt expression in colon cancer compared to colon adenomas and suggest stromal wnt expression may play a role in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smith
- ICRF Molecular Oncology Laboratory, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Fogler WE, Sun LK, Klinger MR, Ghrayeb J, Daddona PE. Biological characterization of a chimeric mouse-human IgM antibody directed against the 17-1A antigen. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1989; 30:43-50. [PMID: 2598174 PMCID: PMC11038658 DOI: 10.1007/bf01665029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/1989] [Accepted: 03/15/1989] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A chimeric antibody was constructed in which the murine H- and L-chain variable regions of mAb 17-1A, raised against human colorectal cancer cells, were joined with the human constant mu and kappa regions. Transfection of these constructs into the murine myeloma Sp2/0 resulted in the expression and secretion of a pentameric Ig, designated chimeric 17-1A IgM. The chimeric 17-1A IgM was subsequently compared to a previously described chimeric 17-1A IgG1 for biological activities. Both chimeric mAbs were equally effective (weight basis) in competing against the binding of murine 125I-17-1A to cultures of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. The calculated association constants for the chimeric 17-1A IgM and IgG1 were 1.63 x 10(8) l/mol and 3.41 x 10(7) l/mol, respectively. Unlike chimeric 17-1A IgG1, the chimeric 17-1A IgM was able to render colon carcinoma target cells susceptible to lysis by both xenogeneic (rabbit) and human complement. The extent of complement-mediated lysis dependent upon chimeric 17-1A IgM was correlated to 17-1A antigen expression on target cells. HT-29 colon carcinoma cells treated with chimeric 17-1A IgM did not directly result in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by human peripheral blood monocytes. However, chimeric 17-1A IgM greatly enhanced the deposition of C3 on complement-treated HT-29 cells, and concomitant incubation with monocytes resulted in heightened lysis of the tumor cells. The feasibility of enhancing host defense against gastrointestinal malignancies by the administration of this chimeric 17-1A IgM may have certain clinical advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Fogler
- Department of Immunology, Centocor Inc., Malvern, PA 19355
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Takamuku K, Akiyoshi T, Tsuji H. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using a murine monoclonal antibody against human colorectal cancer in cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1987; 25:137-40. [PMID: 3664531 PMCID: PMC11038845 DOI: 10.1007/bf00199954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/1986] [Accepted: 05/18/1987] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by a murine monoclonal antibody against human colorectal carcinoma, antibody 19-9, with human effector cells was tested in 33 patients with various carcinomas, 16 patients with benign lesions, and 13 normal controls, using a 12-h 51Cr release assay using human colorectal cancer cells as targets. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from these groups of patients and normal controls achieved moderate levels of target cell lysis in the presence of the monoclonal antibody at the high effector to target cell ratio of 200:1. The ADCC activity of PBM in cancer patients was significantly higher than that in either normal persons or patients with benign lesions. Since the ADCC was shown to be mainly mediated by adherent monocytes in the PBM, ADCC activity of monocytes from cancer patients was compared to those from control groups at an effector to target cell ratio of 30:1. The results also showed that the lytic capacity of monocytes was significantly higher in cancer patients than that in the control populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takamuku
- Department of Surgery, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Japan
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Kuppner M, Wilkinson S, Casson E, Eremin O. In vitro generation of tumour-specific lymphocyte reactivity to colonic carcinoma cells. Comparison with normal colonic mucosa cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1987; 25:209-14. [PMID: 3499984 PMCID: PMC11037975 DOI: 10.1007/bf00199149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/1986] [Accepted: 06/09/1987] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purified tumour cells and normal mucosa cells from fresh human colorectal cancer resection specimens, and T-cell-enriched autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, were mixed in short-term (6 day) mixed lymphocyte-tumour cell (MLTC) microcultures. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake, and a stimulation index (SI = [lymphocytes vs tumour cells (cpm)-tumour cells (cpm)]/[lymphocytes (cpm)] greater than 3 was regarded as significant. Significant lymphocyte reactivity was found in 10/15 patients with colon carcinoma. However, 1 patient with autologous tumour reactivity, also showed significant stimulation against autologous normal mucosa cells, suggesting tumour-associated reactivity. Maximum stimulation occurred most frequently at a lymphocyte:tumour cell ratio of 2:1 and with nylon wool-passaged lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuppner
- Department of Surgery, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
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