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Chen D, Wang L, Wei J, Jiao T, Chen Q, Oyama M, Chen Q, Chen X, Chen X. Metal-organic framework-based multienzyme cascade bioreactor for sensitive detection of methyl parathion. Food Chem 2024; 442:138389. [PMID: 38219569 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a cascade nanobioreactor was developed for the highly sensitive detection of methyl parathion (MP) in food samples. The simultaneous encapsulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (CHO) in a zeolitic imidazole ester backbone (ZIF-8) effectively improved the stability and cascade catalytic efficiency of the enzymes. In addition, glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) were encapsulated in ZIF-8 by ligand self-assembly, conferring excellent fluorescence properties. Acetylcholine (ATCh) is catalyzed by a cascade of AChE/CHO@ZIF-8 as well as Fe(II) to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) with strong oxidizing properties. The ·OH radicals then oxidize Au(0) in GSH-AuNCs@ZIF-8 to Au(I), resulting in fluorescence quenching. MP, as an inhibitor of AChE, hinders the cascade reaction and thus restores the fluorescence emission, enabling its quantitative detection. The limit of detection of the constructed nanobioreactor for MP was 0.23 µg/L. This MOF-based cascade nanobioreactor has great potential for the detection of trace hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Lewis A. A hypothesis of teleological evolution, via endogenous acetylcholine, nitric oxide, and calmodulin pathways. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2024; 188:68-76. [PMID: 38552848 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) addresses the issues in evolutionary biology which cannot be explained by neo-Darwinian theory. The EES paradigm recognises teleology and agency in living systems, and identifies that organisms can directly affect their evolutionary trajectory in a goal-directed manner, yet the physiological pathways via which this occurs remain unidentified. Here, I propose a physiological pathway via which organisms can alter their genotype and phenotype by making behavioural decisions with respect their activity levels, partitioning of resources either toward growth, defence against disease, or their behavioural response to stressors. Specifically, I hypothesize that agential, teleological decisions mediated by acetylcholine result in induced nitric oxide (NO) activity, which regulates metabolism, blood flow, and immune response. Nitric oxide, however, is also a key epigenetic molecule, being involved in DNA acetylation, methylation, and de-methylation. Further, NO alters the histone complexes which scaffold nuclear DNA strands, and is thus a good candidate in identifying a system which allows an organisms to make teleological genetic changes. The proposed mechanisms of inheritance of these genetic changes is via the paternal line, whereby epigenetic changes in the somatic Sertoli cells in animals are transcribed by mRNA and included in the germline cells - the male gametes. The microsporangium in plants, and the sporophore cells in fungi, meanwhile, are proposed to form similar systems in response to sensory detection of stressors. Whilst the hypothesis is presented as a simplified model for future testing, it opens new avenues for study in evolutionary biology.
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3
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Ma B, Zhao X, Zhang X, Yang B, Cai Z, Xing Z, Xu M, Mi L, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu X. The acute neurotoxicity of inorganic mercury in Mactra chinensis philippi. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 270:106896. [PMID: 38490093 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury (IHg) is hazardous to marine organisms especially resulting in neurotoxicity, bivalves are sensitive to pollutants as "ocean sentinel", but data on the neurotoxicity of IHg in bivalves are sparse. So we chosed M. chinensis philippi with typical neural structures in bivalves to investigate the neurotoxicity of IHg, which could be helpful to understand the specificity of neural regulation and the response characteristics of bivalves. After acute exposed to IHg (HgCl2) for 24 h, the metabolites of ganglion tissues in M. chinensis philippi were evaluated using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomics; Ca2+, neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, glutamate, acetylcholine) and related enzymes (calcineurin, nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholinesterase) were measured using biochemical detection. Compared to the control group, the levels of the nitric oxide (81.04 ± 12.84 μmol/g prot) and acetylcholine (30.93 ± 12.57 μg/mg prot) in M. chinensis philippi of IHg-treated were decreased, while glutamate (2.11 ± 0.61 mmol/L) increased significantly; the activity of nitric oxide synthase (679.34 ± 135.33 U/mg prot) was increased, while acetylcholinesterase (1.39 ± 0.44 U/mg prot) decreased significantly, and the activity of calcineurin (0.52 ± 0.02 U/mg prot) had a statistically insignificant increasing tendency. The concentration of Ca2+ (0.92 ± 0.46 mmol/g prot) in the IHg-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. OPLS-DA was performed to reveal the difference in metabolites between the control and IHg-challenged groups, the metabolites of glucose, glutamine, inosine, succinate, glutamate, homarine, and alanine were sensitive to IHg, subsequently metabolic pathways that were affected including glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, Krebs cycle, amino acid metabolism and osmotic regulation. In our study, IHg interfered with metabolites in M. chinensis philippi, thus the corresponding metabolic pathways were changed, which influenced the neurotransmitters subsequently. Furthermore, Ca2+overload affected the synthesis or degradation of the neurotransmitters, and then the altered neurotransmitters involved in changes in metabolic pathways again. Overall, we hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of IHg on bivalve were in close contact with metabolism, neurotransmitters, related enzymes and Ca2+, which could be effective neurotoxic biomarkers for marine environmental quality assessment, and also provide effective data for the study of the regulatory mechanism of the nervous system in response to IHg in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangguo Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Zimin Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Zihan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Liuya Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yancui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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Yang J, Ding J, Lu Z, Zhu B, Lin S. Digestive and Absorptive Properties of the Antarctic Krill Tripeptide Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) and Its Auxiliary Memory-Enhancing Effect. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8491-8505. [PMID: 38587859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging and stress have contributed to the development of memory disorders. Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) was identified with high stability by mass spectrometry from simulated gastrointestinal digestion and everted gut sac products of the Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) which was found to have a positive impact on memory enhancement. This study investigated the digestive stability, absorption, and memory-enhancing effects of FPF using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, in vivo fluorescence distribution analysis, mouse behavioral experiments, acetylcholine function, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. FPF crossed the blood-brain barrier into the brain after digestion, significantly reduced shock time, working memory errors, and reference memory errors, and increased the recognition index. Additionally, FPF elevated ACh content; Nissl body counts; and CREB, SYN, and PSD-95 expression levels, while reducing AChE activity (P < 0.05). This implies that FPF prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and provides a basis for future research on memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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5
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Bove M, Palmieri MA, Santoro M, Agosti LP, Gaetani S, Romano A, Dimonte S, Costantino G, Sikora V, Tucci P, Schiavone S, Morgese MG, Trabace L. Amygdalar neurotransmission alterations in the BTBR mice model of idiopathic autism. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:193. [PMID: 38632257 PMCID: PMC11024334 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are principally diagnosed by three core behavioural symptoms, such as stereotyped repertoire, communication impairments and social dysfunctions. This complex pathology has been linked to abnormalities of corticostriatal and limbic circuits. Despite experimental efforts in elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind these abnormalities, a clear etiopathogenic hypothesis is still lacking. To this aim, preclinical studies can be really helpful to longitudinally study behavioural alterations resembling human symptoms and to investigate the underlying neurobiological correlates. In this regard, the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice are an inbred mouse strain that exhibits a pattern of behaviours well resembling human ASD-like behavioural features. In this study, the BTBR mice model was used to investigate neurochemical and biomolecular alterations, regarding Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), together with GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmissions and their metabolites in four different brain areas, i.e. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. In our results, BTBR strain reported decreased noradrenaline, acetylcholine and GABA levels in prefrontal cortex, while hippocampal measurements showed reduced NGF and BDNF expression levels, together with GABA levels. Concerning hypothalamus, no differences were retrieved. As regarding amygdala, we found reduced dopamine levels, accompanied by increased dopamine metabolites in BTBR mice, together with decreased acetylcholine, NGF and GABA levels and enhanced glutamate content. Taken together, our data showed that the BTBR ASD model, beyond its face validity, is a useful tool to untangle neurotransmission alterations that could be underpinned to the heterogeneous ASD-like behaviours, highlighting the crucial role played by amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Palmieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Santoro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Pia Agosti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, 40007, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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6
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Woudstra J, Feenstra RGT, Vink CEM, Marques KMJ, Boerhout CKM, de Jong EAM, de Waard GA, van de Hoef TP, Chamuleau SAJ, Eringa EC, Piek JJ, Appelman Y, Beijk MAM. Comparison of the Diagnostic Yield of Intracoronary Acetylcholine Infusion and Acetylcholine Bolus Injection Protocols During Invasive Coronary Function Testing. Am J Cardiol 2024; 217:49-58. [PMID: 38417650 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) and coronary artery spasm (CAS) are causes of angina with no obstructive coronary arteries in patients. Both can be diagnosed by invasive coronary function testing (ICFT) using acetylcholine (ACh). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a 3-minute ACh infusion as compared with a 1-minute ACh bolus injection protocol in testing CED and CAS. We evaluated 220 consecutive patients with angina and no obstructive coronary arteries who underwent ICFT using continuous Doppler flow measurements. Per protocol, 110 patients were tested using 3-minute infusion, and thereafter 110 patients using 1-minute bolus injections, because of a protocol change. CED was defined as a <50% increase in coronary blood flow or any epicardial vasoconstriction in reaction to low-dose ACh and CAS according to the Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group (COVADIS) criteria, both with and without T-wave abnormalities, in reaction to high dose ACh. The prevalence of CED was equal in both protocols (78% vs 79%, p = 0.869). Regarding the endotypes of CAS according to COVADIS, the equivocal endotype was diagnosed less often in the 3 vs 1-minute protocol (24% vs 44%, p = 0.004). Including T-wave abnormalities in the COVADIS criteria resulted in a similar diagnostic yield of both protocols. Hemodynamic changes from baseline to the low or high ACh doses were comparable between the protocols for each endotype. In conclusion, ICFT using 3-minute infusion or 1-minute bolus injections of ACh showed a similar diagnostic yield of CED. When using the COVADIS criteria, a difference in the equivocal diagnosis was observed. Including T-wave abnormalities as a diagnostic criterion reclassified equivocal test results into CAS and decreased this difference. For clinical practice, we recommend the inclusion of T-wave abnormalities as a diagnostic criterion for CAS and the 1-minute bolus protocol for practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Woudstra
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rutger G T Feenstra
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlin E M Vink
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen M J Marques
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen K M Boerhout
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elize A M de Jong
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A de Waard
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim P van de Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A M Beijk
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Chakraborty S, Lee SK, Arnold SM, Haast RAM, Khan AR, Schmitz TW. Focal acetylcholinergic modulation of the human midcingulo-insular network during attention: Meta-analytic neuroimaging and behavioral evidence. J Neurochem 2024; 168:397-413. [PMID: 37864501 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons provide acetylcholine to the cortex via large projections. Recent molecular imaging work in humans indicates that the cortical cholinergic innervation is not uniformly distributed, but rather may disproportionately innervate cortical areas relevant to supervisory attention. In this study, we therefore reexamined the spatial relationship between acetylcholinergic modulation and attention in the human cortex using meta-analytic strategies targeting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological neuroimaging studies. We found that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine evoked both increased activity in the anterior cingulate and decreased activity in the opercular and insular cortex. In large independent meta-analyses of non-pharmacological neuroimaging research, we demonstrate that during attentional engagement these cortical areas exhibit (1) task-related co-activation with the basal forebrain, (2) task-related co-activation with one another, and (3) spatial overlap with dense cholinergic innervations originating from the basal forebrain, as estimated by multimodal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, we provide meta-analytic evidence that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine also induces a speeding of responses to targets with no apparent tradeoff in accuracy. In sum, we demonstrate in humans that acetylcholinergic modulation of midcingulo-insular hubs of the ventral attention/salience network via basal forebrain afferents may coordinate selection of task relevant information, thereby facilitating cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesna Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun Kyun Lee
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Arnold
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy A M Haast
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- CRMBM, CNRS UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Kovarik Z, Moshitzky G, Maček Hrvat N, Soreq H. Recent advances in cholinergic mechanisms as reactions to toxicity, stress, and neuroimmune insults. J Neurochem 2024; 168:355-369. [PMID: 37429600 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent studies of the chemical and molecular regulators of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling and the complexity of the small molecule and RNA regulators of those mechanisms that control cholinergic functioning in health and disease. The underlying structural, neurochemical, and transcriptomic concepts, including basic and translational research and clinical studies, shed new light on how these processes inter-change under acute states, age, sex, and COVID-19 infection; all of which modulate ACh-mediated processes and inflammation in women and men and under diverse stresses. The aspect of organophosphorus (OP) compound toxicity is discussed based on the view that despite numerous studies, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is still a vulnerable target in OP poisoning because of a lack of efficient treatment and the limitations of oxime-assisted reactivation of inhibited AChE. The over-arching purpose of this review is thus to discuss mechanisms of cholinergic signaling dysfunction caused by OP pesticides, OP nerve agents, and anti-cholinergic medications; and to highlight new therapeutic strategies to combat both the acute and chronic effects of these chemicals on the cholinergic and neuroimmune systems. Furthermore, OP toxicity was examined in view of cholinesterase inhibition and beyond in order to highlight improved small molecules and RNA therapeutic strategies and assess their predicted pitfalls to reverse the acute toxicity and long-term deleterious effects of OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gilli Moshitzky
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Rinaldi R, Colucci M, Torre I, Ausiello D, Bonanni A, Basile M, Salzillo C, Sanna T, Liuzzo G, Leone AM, Burzotta F, Trani C, Lanza GA, Niccoli G, Crea F, Montone RA. Predicting the response to acetylcholine in ischemia or infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: The ABCD score. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117503. [PMID: 38447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acetylcholine (ACh) provocation testing can detect vasomotor disorders in patients with ischemia and non-obstructed coronary arteries (INOCA) or myocardial infarction and non-obstructed coronary arteries (MINOCA). We aimed to derive and validate a simple risk score to predict a positive ACh test response. METHODS We prospectively enrolled consecutive INOCA and MINOCA patients undergoing ACh provocation testing. Patients were split in two cohorts (derivation and validation) according to time of enrolment. The score was derived in 386 patients (derivation cohort) and then validated in 165 patients (validation cohort). RESULTS 551 patients were enrolled, 371 (67.3%) INOCA and 180 (32.7%) MINOCA. ACh test was positive in 288 (52.3%) patients. MINOCA, myocardial bridge (MB), C-reactive protein (CRP) and dyslipidaemia were independent predictors of a positive ACh test in the derivation cohort. The ABCD (Acute presentation, Bridge, CRP, Dyslipidaemia) score was derived: 2 points were assigned to MINOCA, 3 to MB, 1 to elevated CRP and 1 to dyslipidaemia. The ABCD score accurately identified patients with a positive ACh test response with an AUC of 0.703 (CI 95% 0.652-0.754,p < 0.001) in the derivation cohort, and 0.705 (CI 95% 0.626-0.784, p < 0.001) in the validation cohort. In the whole population, an ABCD score ≥4 portended 94.3% risk of a positive ACh test and all patients with an ABCD score ≥6 presented a positive test. CONCLUSIONS The ABCD score could avoid the need of ACh provocation testing in patients with a high score, reducing procedural risks, time, and costs, and allowing the implementation of a tailored treatment strategy. These results are hypothesis generating and further research involving larger cohorts and multicentre trials is needed to validate and refine the ABCD score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Colucci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Torre
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ausiello
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Basile
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Salzillo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sanna
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio M Leone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Trani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano A Lanza
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco A Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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The following article for this Special Issue was previously published and can be found in its respective issue online: " Acetylcholine release from striatal cholinergic interneurons is controlled differently depending on the firing pattern". J Neurochem 2024; 168:e4. [PMID: 38607972 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine release from striatal cholinergic interneurons is controlled differently depending on the firing pattern (Published in JNC 167.1 issue) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jnc.15950.
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Holly EN, Galanaugh J, Fuccillo MV. Local regulation of striatal dopamine: A diversity of circuit mechanisms for a diversity of behavioral functions? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102839. [PMID: 38309106 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine governs a wide range of behavioral functions, yet local dopamine concentrations can be dissociated from somatic activity. Here, we discuss how dopamine's diverse roles in behavior may be driven by local circuit mechanisms shaping dopamine release. We first look at historical and recent work demonstrating that striatal circuits interact with dopaminergic terminals to either initiate the release of dopamine or modulate the release of dopamine initiated by spiking in midbrain dopamine neurons, with particular attention to GABAergic and cholinergic local circuit mechanisms. Then we discuss some of the first in vivo studies of acetylcholine-dopamine interactions in striatum and broadly discuss necessary future work in understanding the roles of midbrain versus striatal dopamine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Holly
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. https://twitter.com/ENHolly
| | - Jamie Galanaugh
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/jamie_galanaugh
| | - Marc V Fuccillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, Sayed AS. Fused thiophene as a privileged scaffold: A review on anti-Alzheimer's disease potentials via targeting cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and Aβ aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131018. [PMID: 38518928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
As a "silent threat," Alzheimer's disease (AD) is quickly rising to the top of the list of costly and troublesome diseases facing humanity. It is growing to be one of the most troublesome and expensive conditions, with annual health care costs higher than those of cancer and comparable to those of cardiovascular disorders. One of the main pathogenic characteristics of AD is the deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) which plays a vital role in memory, learning, and attention. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) play a crucial role in hydrolyzing ACh. Consequently, a frequent therapy approach for AD is the suppression of AChE and BChE to improve cholinergic neurotransmission and reduce cognitive symptoms. The accumulation of amyloid plaques (Aβ) is a primary factor contributing to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3-β) is regarded as a pivotal player in the pathophysiology of AD since dysregulation of this kinase affects all major hallmarks of the disease, such as tau phosphorylation, Aβ aggregation, memory, neurogenesis, and synaptic function. One of the most challenging and risky issues in modern medicinal chemistry is the urgent and ongoing need for the study and development of effective therapeutic candidates for the treatment of AD. A significant class of heterocyclic molecules that can target the complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of AD are fused thiophene derivatives. The goal of the current review is to demonstrate the advancements made in fused thiophene derivatives' anti-AD activity. It also covers their mechanisms of action and studies of the structure-activity relationships in addition to the compilation of significant synthetic routes for fused thiophene derivatives with anti-AD potential. This review is intended to stimulate new ideas in the search for more rationale designs of derivatives based on fused thiophene, hoping to be more potent in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ehab M Gedawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
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Vulin M, Muller A, Drenjančević I, Šušnjara P, Mihaljević Z, Stupin A. High dietary salt intake attenuates nitric oxide mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increases oxidative stress in pregnancy. J Hypertens 2024; 42:672-684. [PMID: 38230612 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary salt intake during normal pregnancy on maternal microvascular and macrovascular endothelium-dependent reactivity and oxidative stress level. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, based on their 24-h urinary sodium excretion, pregnant women (37-40 weeks of gestation) were divided into three groups: normal salt (<5.75 g/day, N = 12), high salt (5.75-10.25 g/day, N = 36), and very high salt (VHS;>10.25 g/day, N = 17). Forearm skin microvascular reactivity in response to vascular occlusion, local heating (LTH) and iontophoresis of acetylcholine (AChID), as well as brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) were measured. Serum nitric oxide, endocan, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay were measured as biomarkers of endothelial function/activation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Brachial artery FMD, microvascular AChID, and LTH were significantly decreased in VHS compared with NS group, while LTH was also decreased in normal salt compared with high salt group. Nitric oxide was significantly decreased in both high salt and VHS groups compared with normal salt. Endocan, 8-iso-PGF2α, and TBARS were significantly increased in VHS compared with the normal salt group. CONCLUSION High dietary salt intake is associated with decreased nitric oxide mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in peripheral microcirculation and macrocirculation of healthy pregnant women due to increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vulin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Centre Osijek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek
| | - Andrijana Muller
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Centre Osijek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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The following article for this Special Issue was previously published and can be found in its respective issue online: "How can I measure brain acetylcholine levels in vivo? Advantages and caveats of commonly used approaches". J Neurochem 2024; 168:e1. [PMID: 38607971 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
How can I measure brain acetylcholine levels in vivo? Advantages and caveats of commonly used approaches (Published in JNC 167.1 issue) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jnc.15943.
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Sugitha SKJ, Venkatesan R, Latha RG, Vetcher AA, Al-Asbahi BA, Kim SC. A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Jasminum sambac (L. Aiton). Molecules 2024; 29:1464. [PMID: 38611744 PMCID: PMC11012760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with Jasminum sambac (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific Shodhan vidhi method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution's potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Johnsy Sugitha
- Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India;
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - R. Gladis Latha
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil 629002, India
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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Fu Y, Shen K, Wang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhu L, Zheng Y, Zou T, Ci H, Dong Q, Qin LX. Alpha5 nicotine acetylcholine receptor subunit promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:63. [PMID: 38453934 PMCID: PMC10920868 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter-initiated signaling pathway were reported to play an important role in regulating the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. Cancer cells could exhibit a "neural addiction" property and build up local nerve networks to achieve an enhanced neurotransmitter-initiated signaling through nerve growth factor-mediated axonogenesis. Targeting the dysregulated nervous systems might represent a novel strategy for cancer treatment. However, whether intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) could build its own nerve networks and the role of neurotransmitters in the progression ICC remains largely unknown. Immunofluorescence staining and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggested that ICC cells and the infiltrated nerves could generate a tumor microenvironment rich in acetylcholine that promotes ICC metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Acetylcholine promoted ICC metastasis through interacting with its receptor, alpha 5 nicotine acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5). Furthermore, acetylcholine/CHRNA5 axis activated GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway partially through the influx of Ca2+-mediated activation of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKII). In addition, acetylcholine signaling activation also expanded nerve infiltration through increasing the expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which formed a feedforward acetylcholine-BDNF axis to promote ICC progression. KN93, a small-molecule inhibitor of CAMKII, significantly inhibited the migration and enhanced the sensitivity to gemcitabine of ICC cells. Above all, Acetylcholine/CHRNA5 axis increased the expression of β-catenin to promote the metastasis and resistance to gemcitabine of ICC via CAMKII/GSK3β signaling, and the CAMKII inhibitor KN93 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for combating ICC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyu Shen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Zou
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfei Ci
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Yu Y, Wang LY, Liu YC, Cui H, Yuan C, Wang CX. Acetylcholine Analog-Modified Albumin Nanoparticles for the Enhanced and Synchronous Brain Delivery of Saponin Components of Panax Notoginseng. Pharm Res 2024; 41:513-529. [PMID: 38383935 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are commonly used first-line drugs for treating cerebral thrombosis and stroke in China. However, the synchronized and targeted delivery of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) poses a significant challenge for modern TCM formulations. METHODS Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was modified using 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), an analog of acetylcholine, and subsequently adsorbed the major PNS onto the modified albumin to produce MPC-BSA@PNS nanoparticles (NPs). This novel delivery system facilitated efficient and synchronized transport of PNS across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through active transport mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrated that the transport rates of R1, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd across the BBB were relatively synchronous in MPC-BSA@PNS NPs compared to those in the PNS solution. Additionally, animal experiments revealed that the brain-targeting efficiencies of R1 + Rg1 + Rb1 in MPC-BSA@PNS NPs were 2.02 and 7.73 times higher than those in BSA@PNS NPs and the free PNS group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a simple and feasible approach for achieving the targeted delivery of complex active ingredient clusters in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Li Yun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Chi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan, Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Gabalski AH, Tynan A, Tsaava T, Li JH, Lee D, Hepler TD, Hide D, George S, Iñiguez CEB, Thompson DA, Zhu C, Wang H, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Circulating extracellular choline acetyltransferase regulates inflammation. J Intern Med 2024; 295:346-356. [PMID: 38011942 PMCID: PMC10922394 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is required for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine, the molecular mediator that inhibits cytokine production in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway of the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex. Abundant work has established the biology of cytoplasmic ChAT in neurons, but much less is known about the potential presence and function of ChAT in the extracellular milieu. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the hypothesis that extracellular ChAT activity responds to inflammation and serves to inhibit cytokine release and attenuate inflammation. METHODS After developing novel methods for quantification of ChAT activity in plasma, we determined whether ChAT activity changes in response to inflammatory challenges. RESULTS Active ChAT circulates within the plasma compartment of mice and responds to immunological perturbations. Following the administration of bacterial endotoxin, plasma ChAT activity increases for 12-48 h, a time period that coincides with declining tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels. Further, a direct activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway by vagus nerve stimulation significantly increases plasma ChAT activity, whereas the administration of bioactive recombinant ChAT (r-ChAT) inhibits endotoxin-stimulated TNF production and anti-ChAT antibodies exacerbate endotoxin-induced TNF levels, results of which suggest that ChAT activity regulates endogenous TNF production. Administration of r-ChAT significantly attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and disease activity in the dextran sodium sulfate preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, plasma ChAT levels are also elevated in humans with sepsis, with the highest levels observed in a patient who succumbed to infection. CONCLUSION As a group, these results support further investigation of ChAT as a counter-regulator of inflammation and potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle H. Gabalski
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Aisling Tynan
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jian Hua Li
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Diana Lee
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Tyler D. Hepler
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Daniel Hide
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Sam George
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Carlos E. Bravo Iñiguez
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Dane A Thompson
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Cassie Zhu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Nunes Torres JA, de Lima DCA, Moraes VGDS, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, de Araújo Ribeiro LA, Silva FS, de Queiroz DB. Maternal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide causes vascular dysfunction in offspring female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116873. [PMID: 38417591 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed how glyphosate exposure in the gestational period affects vascular function in their female offspring and whether oxidative stress is involved in this effect. To this, pregnant Wistar rats were exposed through drinking water to 0.2% of a glyphosate commercial formulation, and we analyzed the response to acetylcholine and phenylephrine in the aorta from offspring of Glyphosate-based herbicide (O-GBH) and controls (O-CON) rats at six months of age. Relaxation to acetylcholine was reduced in O-GBH than in O-CON. Acute Indomethacin and Apocynin increased relaxation to acetylcholine in O-GBH. The aorta from O-GBH was hyperactive to phenylephrine; the preincubation with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increased contraction to phenylephrine more in O-CON than O-GBH. TEMPOL similarly reduced phenylephrine response, and L-NAME prevented this effect. The TBARS and GSH levels were increased in O-GBH than in O-CON. Results reinforce the concept that oxidative stress during the perinatal period contributes to the development of vascular changes in adulthood. Results also reveal that oxidative stress parameters altered, and the current levels considered safe for exposure to Glyphosate deserve further investigation, especially in the female gender.
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Hayashi R, Srisomboon Y, Iijima K, Maniak PJ, Tei R, Kobayashi T, Matsunaga M, Luo H, Masuda MY, O'Grady SM, Kita H. Cholinergic sensing of allergen exposure by airway epithelium promotes type 2 immunity in the lungs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:793-808.e2. [PMID: 38000698 PMCID: PMC10939907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonneuronal cells, including epithelial cells, can produce acetylcholine (ACh). Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists are used clinically to treat asthma and other medical conditions; however, knowledge regarding the roles of ACh in type 2 immunity is limited. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the roles of epithelial ACh in allergic immune responses. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were cultured with allergen extracts, and their ACh production and IL-33 secretion were studied in vitro. To investigate immune responses in vivo, naive BALB/c mice were treated intranasally with different muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists and then exposed intranasally to allergens. RESULTS At steady state, HBE cells expressed cellular components necessary for ACh production, including choline acetyltransferase and organic cation transporters. Exposure to allergens caused HBE cells to rapidly release ACh into the extracellular medium. Pharmacologic or small-interfering RNA-based blocking of ACh production or autocrine action through the M3 muscarinic ACh receptors in HBE cells suppressed allergen-induced ATP release, calcium mobilization, and extracellular secretion of IL-33. When naive mice were exposed to allergens, ACh was quickly released into the airway lumen. A series of clinical M3 muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists inhibited allergen-induced IL-33 secretion and innate type 2 immune response in the mouse airways. In a preclinical murine model of asthma, an ACh receptor antagonist suppressed allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. CONCLUSIONS ACh is released quickly by airway epithelial cells on allergen exposure, and it plays an important role in type 2 immunity. The epithelial ACh system can be considered a therapeutic target in allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Hayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Yotesawee Srisomboon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Rinna Tei
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mayumi Matsunaga
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mia Y Masuda
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minn; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minn; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
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21
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Saud A, Krishnaraju V, Taha A, Kalpana K, Malarkodi V, Durgaramani S, Vinoth Prabhu V, Saleh FA, Ezhilarasan S. Potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2522-2537. [PMID: 38567612 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified by neuropathological symptoms, and there is now no effective treatment for the condition. A lack of the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been related to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to an inactive form and causes the death of cholinergic neurons. Conventional treatments were used but had less effectiveness. Therefore, there is a crucial need to identify alternative compounds with potential anti-cholinesterase agents and minimal undesirable effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluoroquinolones and benzimidazole-benzothiazole derivatives offer antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer activities. To enhance the chemical portfolio of cholinesterase inhibitors, a variety of fluoroquinolones and benzimidazole-benzothiazole compounds were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. For this purpose, molecular docking and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology ADMET models were used for in-silico studies for both AChE and BChE enzymes to investigate possible binding mechanisms and drug-likeness of the compounds. The inhibitory effect of docked heterocyclic compounds was also verified in vitro against AChE and BChE enzymes. Fluoroquinolones (Z, Z3, Z4, Z6, Z8, Z12, Z15, and Z9) and benzimidazole-benzothiazole compounds (TBIS-16, TBAF-1 to 9) passed through the AChE inhibition assay and their IC50 values were calculated. RESULTS The compound 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-(2-(4-nitrophenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-yl) -4-oxo-1,4 di-hydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-N'-(3-bromobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-thiochromene-3-carbohydrazide 1,1-dioxide (Z-9 and TBAF-6) showed the lowest IC50 values against AChE/BChE (0.37±0.02/2.93±0.03 µM and 0.638±0.001/1.31±0.01 µM, respectively) than the standard drug, donepezil (3.9±0.01/4.9±0.05 µM). During the in-vivo investigation, behavioral trials were performed to analyze the neuroprotective impact of Z-9 and TBAF-6 compounds on AD mouse models. The groups treated with Z-9 and TBAF-6 compounds had better cognitive behavior than the standard drug. CONCLUSIONS This study found that Z-9 (Fluoroquinolones) and TBAF-6 (benzimidazole-benzothiazole) compounds improve behavioral and biochemical parameters, thus treating neurodegenerative disorders effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saud
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Winther JB, Morgen JJ, Skov M, Broch-Lips MG, Nielsen OB, Overgaard K, Pedersen TH. Role of recovery of acetylcholine release in compromised neuromuscular junction function. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 36:48-59. [PMID: 38359767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Everyday physical activities, such as walking, are enabled by repeated skeletal muscle contractions and require a well-functioning neuromuscular transmission. In myasthenic disorders, activities of daily living are debilitated by a compromised neuromuscular transmission leading to muscle weakness and fatiguability in patients. To enable physical activity, acetylcholine (ACh) is released repeatedly from the motor nerve, however, the role of the nerve terminals' capacity to sustain ACh release to support repetitive contractions under compromised neuromuscular transmission remains unclear. To explore this, we studied synaptic and contractile function during repeated contractions in healthy rat skeletal muscles under conditions of pharmacological induced compromised neuromuscular transmission. Using recordings of endplate potentials, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and force production in isolated skeletal muscles and living, anesthetized animals, we found that force and CMAP were markedly reduced by even very light activity performed up to 5 s prior to contraction showing that recovery of ACh release was insufficient to maintain synaptic transmission strength. Our results suggest that the timing of depletion and restoration of ACh release may impact clinical signs of weakness and fatigability in patients with impaired neuromuscular transmission and affect the sensitivity of electromyographic recordings in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Skov
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Bækgaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Holm Pedersen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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23
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Wang J, Yang Y, Shi Y, Wei L, Gao L, Liu M. Oxidized/unmodified-polyethylene microplastics neurotoxicity in mice: Perspective from microbiota-gut-brain axis. Environ Int 2024; 185:108523. [PMID: 38484610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are inevitably oxidized in the environment, and their potential toxicity to organisms has attracted wide attention. However, the neurotoxicity and mechanism of oxidized polyethylene (Ox-PE) MPs to organisms remain unclear. Herein, we prepared oxidized low-density polyethylene (Ox-LDPE) and established a model of MPs exposure by continuously orally gavage of C57BL/6 J mice with LDPE-MPs/Ox-LDPE-MPs for 28 days with or without oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 and galactooligosaccharides (DP189&GOS). The experimental results indicated that LDPE-MPs or Ox-LDPE-MPs caused several adverse effects in mice, mainly manifested by behavioral changes, disruption of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and simultaneous oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and pathological damage in the brain and intestines. Brain transcriptomic analysis revealed that the cholinergic synaptic signaling pathways, which affect cognitive function, were significantly disrupted after exposure to LDPE-MPs or Ox-LDPE-MPs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western Blotting results further demonstrated that the critical genes (Slc5a7, Chat and Slc18a3) and proteins (Chat and Slc18a3) in the cholinergic synaptic signaling pathway were significantly down-regulated after exposure to LDPE-MPs or Ox-LDPE-MPs. These alterations lead to reduced acetylcholine concentration, which causes cognitive dysfunction in mice. Importantly, the DP189&GOS interventions effectively mitigated the MPs-induced cognitive dysfunction and intestinal microbiota alteration, improved intestinal and BBB integrity, attenuated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and also saw a rebound in the release of acetylcholine. These results indicated that LDPE-MPs and Ox-LDPE-MPs exert neurotoxic effects on mice by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and dysregulation of cholinergic signaling pathways in the mouse brain. That probiotic supplementation is effective in attenuating MPs-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Overall, this study reveals the potential mechanisms of neurotoxicity of LDPE-MPs and Ox-LDPE-MPs on mice and their improvement measures, necessary to assess the potential risks of plastic contaminants to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yongpeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Mingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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24
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Rajagopal L, Huang M, Mahjour S, Ryan C, Elzokaky A, Svensson KA, Meltzer HY. The dopamine D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, DETQ, improves cognition and social interaction in aged mice and enhances cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine efflux. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114766. [PMID: 38048913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors (Rs) are critical for cognitive functioning. D1 positive allosteric modulators (D1PAMs) activate D1Rs without desensitization or an inverted U-shaped dose response curve. DETQ, [2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-((1S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethan-1-one] is highly selective for the human D1Rs as shown in humanized D1R knock-in (hD1Ki) mice. Here, we have ascertained the efficacy of DETQ in aged [13-23-month-old (mo)] hD1Ki mice and their corresponding age-matched wild-type (WT; C57BL/6NTac) controls. We found that in aged mice, DETQ, given acutely, subchronically, and chronically, rescued both novel object recognition memory and social behaviors, using novel object recognition (NOR) and social interaction (SI) tasks, respectively without any adverse effect on body weight or mortality. We have also shown, using in vivo microdialysis, a significant decrease in basal DA and norepinephrine, increase in glutamate (Glu) and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) efflux with no significant changes in acetylcholine (ACh) levels in aged vs young mice. In young and aged hD1Ki mice, DETQ, acutely and subchronically increased ACh in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal regions in aged hD1Ki mice without affecting Glu. These results suggest that the D1PAM mechanism is of interest as potential treatment for cognitive and social behavioral deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders including but not restricted to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sanaz Mahjour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chelsea Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ahmad Elzokaky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kjell A Svensson
- Neuroscience Discovery, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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25
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Possible role of exercise therapy on depression: Effector neurotransmitters as key players. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114791. [PMID: 38048912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
About 280 million people suffer from depression as the most common neurological disorder and the most common cause of death worldwide. Exercise with serotonin released in the brain by the 5-HT3-IGF-1 mechanism can lead to antidepressant effects. Swimming exercise has antidepressant effects by increasing the sensitivity of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, increasing 5-HT and 5HIAA levels, increasing TPH and serotonin, and decreasing inflammatory levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Anaerobic and aerobic exercises increase beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin and have antidepressant effects. Exercise by increasing dopamine, D1R, and D2R leads to the expression of BDNF and activation of TrkB and has antidepressant behavior. Exercise leads to a significant increase in GABAAR (γ2 and α2 subunits) and reduces neurodegenerative disorders caused by GABA imbalance through anti-inflammatory pathways. By increasing glutamate and PGC1α and reducing glutamatergic neurotoxicity, exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis and prevents neurodegeneration and the onset of depression. Irisin release during exercise shows an important role in depression by increasing dopamine, BDNF, NGF, and IGF-1 and decreasing inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-1β. In addition, exercise-induced orexin and NPY can increase hippocampal neurogenesis and relieve depression. After exercise, the tryptophan to large neutral amino acids (TRP/LNAA) ratio and the tryptophan to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ratio increase, which may have antidepressant effects. The expression of M5 receptor and nAChR α7 increases after exercise and significantly increases dopamine and acetylcholine and ameliorates depression. It appears that during exercise, muscarinic receptors can reduce depression through dopamine in the absence of acetylcholine. Therefore, exercise can be used to reduce depression by affecting neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, cytokines, and/or neurotrophins.
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26
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Kanaji Y, Ahmad A, Sara JDS, Ozcan I, Akhiyat N, Prasad A, Raphael CE, Kakuta T, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Coronary Vasomotor Dysfunction Is Associated With Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 17:474-487. [PMID: 38418053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary vasomotor dysfunction (CVDys) can be comprehensively classified on the basis of anatomy and functional mechanisms. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different CVDys phenotypes and outcomes in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA). METHODS Patients with ANOCA who underwent coronary reactivity testing using an intracoronary Doppler guidewire to assess microvascular and epicardial coronary endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function were enrolled. Endothelium-dependent microvascular and epicardial coronary dysfunction were defined as a <50% change in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary acetylcholine (Ach) infusion and a <-20% change in coronary artery diameter in response to Ach. Endothelium-independent microvascular and epicardial coronary dysfunction were defined as coronary flow reserve < 2.5 during adenosine-induced hyperemia and change in cross-sectional area in response to intracoronary nitroglycerin administration < 20%. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, heart failure, stroke, and late revascularization) served as clinical outcomes. RESULTS Among the 1,196 patients with ANOCA, the prevalence of CVDys was 24.5% and 51.8% among those with endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent microvascular dysfunction, respectively, and 47.4% and 25.4% among those with endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent epicardial coronary dysfunction, respectively. During 6.3 years (Q1-Q3: 2.5-12.9 years) of follow-up, patients with endothelium-dependent microvascular dysfunction, endothelium-dependent epicardial coronary dysfunction, or endothelium-independent microvascular dysfunction showed significantly higher event rates compared with those without (19.5% vs 12.0% [P < 0.001], 19.7% vs 14.6% [P = 0.038] and 22.2% vs 13.8% [P = 0.001], respectively). Coronary flow reserve (HR: 0.757; 95% CI: 0.604-0.957) and percentage change in coronary blood flow in response to Ach infusion (HR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996-0.999) remained significant predictors of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event after adjustment for conventional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS CVDys phenotype is differentially associated with worse outcomes, and endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent microvascular function provide independent prognostic information in patients with ANOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kanaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ilke Ozcan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nadia Akhiyat
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abhiram Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claire E Raphael
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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27
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Schindler H, Jawinski P, Arnatkevičiūtė A, Markett S. Molecular signatures of attention networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26588. [PMID: 38401136 PMCID: PMC10893969 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention network theory proposes three distinct types of attention-alerting, orienting, and control-that are supported by separate brain networks and modulated by different neurotransmitters, that is, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine. Here, we explore the extent of cortical, genetic, and molecular dissociation of these three attention systems using multimodal neuroimaging. We evaluated the spatial overlap between fMRI activation maps from the attention network test (ANT) and cortex-wide gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. The goal was to identify genes associated with each of the attention networks in order to determine whether specific groups of genes were co-expressed with the corresponding attention networks. Furthermore, we analyzed publicly available PET-maps of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters to investigate their spatial overlap with the attention networks. Our analyses revealed a substantial number of genes (3871 for alerting, 6905 for orienting, 2556 for control) whose cortex-wide expression co-varied with the activation maps, prioritizing several molecular functions such as the regulation of protein biosynthesis, phosphorylation, and receptor binding. Contrary to the hypothesized associations, the ANT activation maps neither aligned with the distribution of norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine receptor and transporter molecules, nor with transcriptomic profiles that would suggest clearly separable networks. Independence of the attention networks appeared additionally constrained by a high level of spatial dependency between the network maps. Future work may need to reconceptualize the attention networks in terms of their segregation and reevaluate the presumed independence at the neural and neurochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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28
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Kumari M, Khatoon N, Sharma R, Adusumilli S, Auerbach A, Kashyap HK, Nayak TK. Mechanism of hydrophobic gating in the acetylcholine receptor channel pore. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202213189. [PMID: 38153395 PMCID: PMC10757554 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are hetero-pentameric, ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to two target sites promotes a global conformational change of the receptor that opens the channel and allows ion conduction through the channel pore. Here, by measuring free-energy changes from single-channel current recordings and using molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidate how a constricted hydrophobic region acts as a "gate" to regulate the channel opening in the pore of AChRs. Mutations of gate residues, including those implicated in congenital myasthenia syndrome, lower the permeation barrier of the channel substantially and increase the unliganded gating equilibrium constant (constitutive channel openings). Correlations between hydrophobicity and the observed free-energy changes, supported by calculations of water densities in the wild-type versus mutant channel pores, provide evidence for hydrophobic wetting-dewetting transition at the gate. The analysis of a coupled interaction network provides insight into the molecular mechanism of closed- versus open-state conformational changes at the gate. Studies of the transition state by "phi"(φ)-value analysis indicate that agonist binding serves to stabilize both the transition and the open state. Intersubunit interaction energy measurements and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that channel opening involves tilting of the pore-lining M2 helices, asymmetric outward rotation of amino acid side chains, and wetting transition of the gate region that lowers the barrier to ion permeation and stabilizes the channel open conformation. Our work provides new insight into the hydrophobic gate opening and shows why the gate mutations result in constitutive AChR channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadira Khatoon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachita Sharma
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushanth Adusumilli
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Anthony Auerbach
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapan K. Nayak
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Liu L, Huang QM, Liu QG. In vitro culture of muscle cells derived from myofascial trigger points. Acupunct Med 2024; 42:39-43. [PMID: 37916461 DOI: 10.1177/09645284231207872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine for the in vitro existence of contractile nodules on the taut band of muscle fibers where myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are located (using cell culture). METHODS Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A blunt striking injury and eccentric exercise were applied to the gastrocnemius muscle of rats in the experimental group once a week for 8 weeks to establish an MTrP model. Subsequently, the rats were reared normally and rested for 4 weeks. After modeling, the skeletal muscles at the MTrPs (and non-MTrPs at the same anatomical position) were extracted from the two groups of rats for in vitro cell culture experiments of single muscle fibers. Potential contractile nodules in the MTrP group were exposed to different concentrations of acetylcholinesterase, whereas non-MTrP cells were exposed to acetylcholine. The morphological changes of muscle cells in each group were observed. RESULTS By culturing MTrP cells in vitro, large contractile nodules remained in single MTrP muscle fibers, whereas some contractile nodules were twisted and deformed. After the addition of different acetylcholinesterase concentrations, no obvious morphological changes were observed in the contractile nodules in the MTrP group. After the non-MTrP cells were exposed to different acetylcholine concentrations, no significant morphological changes were observed in the single muscle fibers. CONCLUSION MTrP cells can continue to maintain contractile morphology in vitro, but whether the recovery of such contractile nodules is related to acetylcholine remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang-Min Huang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yiyang TCM Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Guang Liu
- International College of Football, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ji Y, Chen J, Pang L, Chen C, Ye J, Liu H, Chen H, Zhang S, Liu S, Liu B, Cheng C, Liu S, Zhong Y. The Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor Amitriptyline Ameliorates TNF-α-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:43-56. [PMID: 36103099 PMCID: PMC10876840 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation associated endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is key to atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies have demonstrated a protective role of amitriptyline in cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. However, the mechanism by which amitriptyline regulates the inflammatory reaction in ECs remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether amitriptyline protects against inflammation in TNF-α-treated ECs. METHODS HUVECs were incubated with amitriptyline (2.5 μM) or TNF-α (20 ng/ml) for 24 h. EdU, tube formation, transwell, DHE fluorescence staining, and monocyte adhesion assays were performed to investigate endothelial function. Thoracic aortas were isolated from mice, and vascular tone was measured with a wire myograph system. The levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, phosphorylated MAPK and NF-κB were detected using western blotting. RESULTS Amitriptyline increased the phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the release of NO. Amitriptyline significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced increases in ASMase activity and the release of ceramide and downregulated TNF-α-induced expression of proinflammatory proteins, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1 in ECs, as well as the secretion of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. TNF-α treatment obviously increased monocyte adhesion and ROS production and impaired HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation, while amitriptyline rescued proliferation, migration, and tube formation and decreased monocyte adhesion and ROS production. Additionally, we demonstrated that amitriptyline suppressed TNF-α-induced MAPK phosphorylation as well as the activity of NF-κB in HUVECs. The results showed that the relaxation response of aortic rings to acetylcholine in the WT-TNF-α group was much lower than that in the WT group, and the sensitivity of aortic rings to acetylcholine in the WT-TNF-α group and WT-AMI-TNF-α group was significantly higher than that in the WT-TNF-α group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that amitriptyline reduces endothelial inflammation, consequently improving vascular endothelial function. Thus, the identification of amitriptyline as a potential strategy to improve endothelial function is important for preventing vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Changnong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Songhui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Benrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanfang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang F, Guo L, Shi J, Jiang H, Zhou F, Zhou Y, Lv B, Xu M. Choline metabolism in regulating inflammatory bowel disease-linked anxiety disorders: A multi-omics exploration of the gut-brain axis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106390. [PMID: 38145852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) negatively affect the mental health of patients. Emerging studies have demonstrated that the gut-brain axis (GBA) mediates IBD-induced mood disorders, but the underlying mechanisms of these findings remain unknown. Therefore, it's vital to conduct comprehensive research on the GBA in IBD. Multi-omics studies can provide an understanding of the pathological mechanisms of the GBA in the development of IBD, helping to uncover the mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of the disease. Thus, we analyzed the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS)-induced IBD mice using transcriptomics and metabolomics. We observed increased mRNA related to acetylcholine synthesis and secretion, along with decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels in the PFC of DSS group compared to the control group. Fecal metagenomics also revealed abnormalities in the microbiome and lipid metabolism in the DSS group. Since both acetylcholine and PC are choline metabolites, we posited that the DSS group may experience choline deficiency and choline metabolism disorders. Subsequently, when we supplemented CDP-choline, IBD mice exhibited improvements, including decreased anxiety-like behaviors, reduced PC degradation, and increased acetylcholine synthesis in the PFC. In addition, administration of CDP-choline can restore imbalances in the gut microbiome and disruptions in lipid metabolism caused by DSS treatment. This study provides compelling evidence to suggest that choline metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of mood disorders in IBD. Choline and its metabolites appear to have a significant role in maintaining the stability of the GBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lingnan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Feini Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Maosheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Kiss T, Ungvari A, Gulej R, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Tarantini S, Benyo Z, Csik B, Yabluchanskiy A, Mukli P, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Whole brain irradiation-induced endothelial dysfunction in the mouse brain. GeroScience 2024; 46:531-541. [PMID: 37953375 PMCID: PMC10828224 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole brain irradiation (WBI), also known as whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), is a well-established treatment for multiple brain metastases and as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of recurrence after surgical removal of a cerebral metastasis. However, WBI has been found to lead to a gradual decline in neurocognitive function in approximately 50% of patients who survive the treatment, significantly impacting their overall quality of life. Recent preclinical investigations have shed light on the underlying mechanisms of this adverse effect, revealing a complex cerebrovascular injury that involves the induction of cellular senescence in various components of the neurovascular unit, including endothelial cells. The emergence of cellular senescence following WBI has been implicated in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and impairment of neurovascular coupling responses following irradiation. Building upon these findings, the present study aims to test the hypothesis that WBI-induced endothelial injury promotes endothelial dysfunction, which mimics the aging phenotype. To investigate this hypothesis, we employed a clinically relevant fractionated WBI protocol (5 Gy twice weekly for 4 weeks) on young mice. Both the WBI-treated and control mice were fitted with a cranial window, enabling the assessment of microvascular endothelial function. In order to evaluate the endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses, we topically administered acetylcholine and ATP, and measured the resulting changes using laser Doppler flowmetry. We found that the increases in regional CBF induced by acetylcholine and ATP were significantly diminished in mice subjected to WBI. These findings provide additional preclinical evidence supporting the notion that WBI induces dysfunction in cerebrovascular endothelial cells, which in turn likely contributes to the detrimental long-term effects of the treatment. This endothelial dysfunction resembles an accelerated aging phenotype in the cerebrovascular system and is likely causally linked to the development of cognitive impairment. By integrating these findings with our previous results, we have deepened our understanding of the lasting consequences of WBI. Moreover, our study underscores the critical role of cerebromicrovascular health in safeguarding cognitive function over the long term. This enhanced understanding highlights the importance of prioritizing cerebromicrovascular health in the context of preserving cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Ungvari
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Souza-Silva IM, Peluso AA, Mortensen C, Nazarova AL, Stage TB, Sumners C, Katritch V, Steckelings UM. Development of an automated, high-throughput assay to detect angiotensin AT 2-receptor agonistic compounds by nitric oxide measurements in vitro. Peptides 2024; 172:171137. [PMID: 38142816 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin AT2-receptor (AT2R) agonists have shown a wide range of protective effects in many preclinical disease models. However, the availability of AT2R-agonists is very limited due to the lack of high-throughput assays for AT2R-agonist identification. Therefore, we aimed to design and validate an assay for high-throughput screening of AT2R-agonist candidates. The assay is based on nitric oxide (NO) release measurements in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), in AT2R-transfected CHO cells (AT2R-CHO) or in non-transfected CHO cells (Flp-CHO) using the fluorescent probe DAF-FM diacetate. It is run in 96-well plates and fluorescence signals are semi-automatically quantified. The assay was tested for sensitivity (recognition of true positive results), selectivity (recognition of true negative results), and reliability (by calculating the repeatability coefficient (RC)). The high-throughput, semi-automated method was proven suitable, as the NO-releasing agents C21, CGP42112A, angiotensin-(1-7) and acetylcholine significantly increased NO release from HAEC. The assay is sensitive and selective, since the established AT2R-agonists C21, CGP42112A and angiotensin II significantly increased NO release from AT2R-CHO cells, while the non-AT2R-agonists angiotensin-(1-7) and acetylcholine had no effect. Assay reliability was shown by high-throughput screening of a library comprised of 40 potential AT2R-agonists, of which 39 met our requirements for reliability (RC ≤ 20% different from RC for C21). Our newly developed high-throughput method for detection of AT2R-agonistic activity was proven to be sensitive, selective, and reliable. This method is suitable for the screening of potential AT2R-agonists in future drug development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maciel Souza-Silva
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Augusto Peluso
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Antonina L Nazarova
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Yu HM, Liang GX, Wang HY, Hang XM, Wang HH, Peng JX, Wang L. A MnO 2 nanosheet-mediated CRISPR/Cas12a system for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water. Analyst 2024; 149:729-734. [PMID: 38131397 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02020g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, easy, convenient, and sensitive sensing strategies are still critical for organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. Herein, a novel organophosphorus pesticide (OP) assay based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a MnO2 nanosheet-mediated CRISPR/Cas12a reaction is reported. The single-strand DNA (ssDNA) activator of CRISPR/Cas12a was simply adsorbed on the MnO2 nanosheets as the nanoswitches of the assay. In the absence of target OPs, AChE hydrolyzed acetylcholine (ATCh) to thiocholine (TCh), which reduced the MnO2 nanosheets to Mn2+, resulting in the release of the activator followed by activation of the CRISPR/Cas12a system. The activated Cas12a thereafter nonspecifically cleaved the FAM/BHQ1-labeled ssDNA (FQ-reporter), producing a fluorescence signal. Upon the addition of target OPs, the hydrolysis of ATCh by AChE was inhibited owing to OPs combining with AChE, and thus effective quantification of OPs could be achieved by measuring the fluorescence changes of the system. As a proof of concept, dichlorvos (DDVP) was chosen as a model OP analyte to address the feasibility of the proposed method. Attributed to the excellent trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a, the fluorescent biosensor exhibits a satisfactory limit of detection (LOD) for DDVP at 0.135 ng mL-1. In addition, the excellent recoveries for the detection of DDVP in environmental water samples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed assay in real sample research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Yu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xi Liang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Min Hang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Xin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
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Lucas-Herald AK, Montezano AC, Alves-Lopes R, Haddow L, O’Toole S, Flett M, Lee B, Amjad SB, Steven M, McNeilly J, Brooksbank K, Touyz RM, Ahmed SF. Effects of Sex Hormones on Vascular Reactivity in Boys With Hypospadias. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e735-e744. [PMID: 37672642 PMCID: PMC10795938 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteries from boys with hypospadias demonstrate hypercontractility and impaired vasorelaxation. The role of sex hormones in these responses in unclear. AIMS We compared effects of sex steroids on vascular reactivity in healthy boys and boys with hypospadias. METHODS Excess foreskin tissue was obtained from 11 boys undergoing hypospadias repair (cases) and 12 undergoing routine circumcision (controls) (median age [range], 1.5 [1.2-2.7] years) and small resistance arteries were isolated. Vessels were mounted on wire myographs and vascular reactivity was assessed in the absence/presence of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone. RESULTS In controls, testosterone and 17β-estradiol increased contraction (percent of maximum contraction [Emax]: 83.74 basal vs 125.4 after testosterone, P < .0002; and 83.74 vs 110.2 after estradiol, P = .02). 17β-estradiol reduced vasorelaxation in arteries from controls (Emax: 10.6 vs 15.6 to acetylcholine, P < .0001; and Emax: 14.6 vs 20.5 to sodium nitroprusside, P < .0001). In hypospadias, testosterone (Emax: 137.9 vs 107.2, P = .01) and 17β-estradiol (Emax: 156.9 vs 23.6, P < .0001) reduced contraction. Androgens, but not 17β-estradiol, increased endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation in cases (Emax: 77.3 vs 51.7 with testosterone, P = .02; and vs 48.2 with DHT to acetylcholine, P = .0001; Emax: 43.0 vs 39.5 with testosterone, P = .02; and 39.6 vs 37.5 with DHT to sodium nitroprusside, P = .04). CONCLUSION In healthy boys, testosterone and 17β-estradiol promote a vasoconstrictor phenotype, whereas in boys with hypospadias, these sex hormones reduce vasoconstriction, with androgens promoting vasorelaxation. Differences in baseline artery function may therefore be sex hormone-independent and the impact of early-life variations in androgen exposure on vascular function needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, 1001 Boul Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Laura Haddow
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Stuart O’Toole
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Martyn Flett
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Boma Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - S Basith Amjad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Mairi Steven
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Jane McNeilly
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Katriona Brooksbank
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, 1001 Boul Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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Morales-Casado MI, Diezma-Martín AM, Muñoz-Escudero F, Ronsenstone-Calvo S, Mondéjar-Marín B, Vadillo-Bermejo A, Marsal-Alonso C, Beneyto-Martín P. Association between myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurol 2024; 78:41-46. [PMID: 38223947 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7802.2023120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two of the most important diseases where the dysregulation of acetylcholine activity plays a crucial role. In the first, this dysregulation happens at the level of the neu-romuscular junction and in the second, in the central nervous system (CNS). AIM To analyze the possible relationship between these two pathologies, analyzing the prevalence and the odds ratio of AD within patients previously diagnosed with MG. We will compare these data with respect to the prevalence of AD in the general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the data obtained by the electronic medical records of patients in the health care system of Castilla La Mancha using the Natural Language Process provided by a clinical platform of artificial intelligence known as the Savana Manager?. RESULTS We identified 970,503 patients over the age of 60 years, of which 1,028 were diagnosed with MG. The proportion of the patients diagnosed with AD within this group (4.28%) was greater than the rest of the population (2.82%) (p = 0,0047) with an odds ratio of 1.54 (confidence interval at 95% 1.13-2.08; p = 0.0051) without finding significant differences in the bivariate analysis for the rest of the most important actual known risk factors for AD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there might be an increase in the prevalence of AD in patients previously diagnosed with MG.
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Yang Y, Xu J, Shu S, Wang P, Liang Y, Liu B, Yang B, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zhao Z, Luo Q, Liu Z, Zeng Q, Xiong C. Circulating acetylcholine serves as a potential biomarker role in pulmonary hypertension. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38229103 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased acetylcholine (ACh) level in the right ventricle tissue of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was revealed, which indicated the important role of ACh in disease pathogenesis. However, the relationship between plasma ACh levels and disease conditions and patients' prognosis has not been investigated. We aimed to explore the association between plasma ACh levels and the prognosis of patients with PH. We also discussed the feasibility of plasma ACh as a biomarker, which may contribute to the management of PH patients in the future. METHODS Patients with confirmed PH in Fuwai Hospital from April 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled. The primary clinical outcome in this study was defined as a composite outcome, including death/lung transplantation, heart failure, and worsening of symptoms. Fasting plasma was collected to detect the ACh levels. The association between ACh levels and patients' prognosis was explored. RESULTS Finally, four hundred and eight patients with PH were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 2.5 years. Patients in the high ACh group had worse World Health Organization Functional Class (WHO-FC), lower 6-minute walk distance (6 MWD), and higher N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Notably, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in the high metabolite group also suggested a worse disease condition compared with the low ACh group. After adjusting for confounders, compared with low ACh patients, those with high metabolite levels still have worse prognoses characterized as elevated risk of mortality, heart failure, and symptoms worsening. CONCLUSION High circulating ACh levels were associated with severe PH conditions and poor prognosis, which might serve as a potential biomarker in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Yang
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Songren Shu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Peizhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yanru Liang
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Beilan Yang
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qixian Zeng
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Changming Xiong
- Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Sinha A, Dutta U, Demir OM, De Silva K, Ellis H, Belford S, Ogden M, Li Kam Wa M, Morgan HP, Shah AM, Chiribiri A, Webb AJ, Marber M, Rahman H, Perera D. Rethinking False Positive Exercise Electrocardiographic Stress Tests by Assessing Coronary Microvascular Function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:291-299. [PMID: 38199706 PMCID: PMC10790243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise electrocardiographic stress testing (EST) has historically been validated against the demonstration of obstructive coronary artery disease. However, myocardial ischemia can occur because of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the specificity of EST to detect an ischemic substrate against the reference standard of coronary endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent microvascular function in patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). METHODS Patients with ANOCA underwent invasive coronary physiological assessment using adenosine and acetylcholine. CMD was defined as impaired endothelium-independent and/or endothelium-dependent function. EST was performed using a standard Bruce treadmill protocol, with ischemia defined as the appearance of ≥0.1-mV ST-segment depression 80 ms from the J-point on electrocardiography. The study was powered to detect specificity of ≥91%. RESULTS A total of 102 patients were enrolled (65% women, mean age 60 ± 8 years). Thirty-two patients developed ischemia (ischemic group) during EST, whereas 70 patients did not (nonischemic group); both groups were phenotypically similar. Ischemia during EST was 100% specific for CMD. Acetylcholine flow reserve was the strongest predictor of ischemia during exercise. Using endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent microvascular dysfunction as the reference standard, the false positive rate of EST dropped to 0%. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ANOCA, ischemia on EST was highly specific of an underlying ischemic substrate. These findings challenge the traditional belief that EST has a high false positive rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aish Sinha
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/AishSinha1
| | - Utkarsh Dutta
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan M Demir
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalpa De Silva
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Ellis
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Belford
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ogden
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Li Kam Wa
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly P Morgan
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Webb
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Marber
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Rahman
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Divaka Perera
- British Heart Foundation Center of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/divaka_perera
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Thakur B, Hasooni LP, Gera R, Mitra S, Björndahl L, Darreh-Shori T. Presence of key cholinergic enzymes in human spermatozoa and seminal fluid†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:63-77. [PMID: 37741056 PMCID: PMC10790344 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the non-neuronal spermic cholinergic system, which may regulate sperm motility and the acrosome reaction initiation process. We investigated the presence of the key acetylcholine (ACh)-biosynthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and the acetylcholine-degrading enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and two ACh-receptors in human spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Fresh ejaculates were used for intra- and extracellular flow cytometric analysis of ChAT, AChE, BChE, and alpha-7-nicotinic and M1-muscarinic ACh-receptors in sperm. For determining the source of soluble enzymes, frozen seminal samples (n = 74) were selected on two bases: (1) from vasectomized (n = 37) and non-vasectomized (n = 37) subjects and (2) based on levels of alpha-glucosidase, fructose, or zinc to define sample subgroups with high or low fluid contribution from the epididymis and seminal vesicle, and prostate, respectively. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that ChAT was expressed intracellularly in essentially all spermatozoa. ChAT was also present in a readily membrane-detachable form at the extracellular membrane of at least 18% of the spermatozoa. These were also highly positive for intra- and extracellular BChE (>83%) and M1 (>84%) and α7 (>59%) ACh-receptors. Intriguingly, the sperm was negative for AChE. Analyses of seminal plasma revealed that spermatozoa and epididymides were major sources of soluble ChAT and BChE, whereas soluble AChE most likely originated from epididymides and seminal vesicles. Prostate had relatively minor contribution to the pool of the soluble enzymes in the seminal fluid. In conclusion, human spermatozoa exhibited a cholinergic phenotype and were one of the major sources of soluble ChAT and BChE in ejaculate. We also provide the first evidence for ChAT as an extracellularly membrane-anchored protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banita Thakur
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laila Pamela Hasooni
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruchi Gera
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sumonto Mitra
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Björndahl
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Madaj R, Gostyński B, Chworos A, Cypryk M. Novichok Nerve Agents as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase-In Silico Study of Their Non-Covalent Binding Affinity. Molecules 2024; 29:338. [PMID: 38257251 PMCID: PMC10819560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In silico studies were performed to assess the binding affinity of selected organophosphorus compounds toward the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Quantum mechanical calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) with molecular mechanics Generalized-Born surface area (MM/GBSA) were applied to assess quantitatively differences between the binding energies of acetylcholine (ACh; the natural agonist of AChE) and neurotoxic, synthetic correlatives (so-called "Novichoks", and selected compounds from the G- and V-series). Several additional quantitative descriptors like root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) and the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) were briefly discussed to give-to the best of our knowledge-the first quantitative in silico description of AChE-Novichok non-covalent binding process and thus facilitate the search for an efficient and effective treatment for Novichok intoxication and in a broader sense-intoxication with other warfare nerve agents as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Madaj
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (R.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gostyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (R.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (R.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Marek Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (R.M.); (A.C.)
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Pérez-Silanes S, Martisova E, Moreno E, Solas M, Plano D, Sanmartin C, Ramírez MJ. Novel Pitolisant-Derived Sulfonyl Compounds for Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:799. [PMID: 38255872 PMCID: PMC10815131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, behavioral changes, and other neurological symptoms. Considering the urgent need for new AD therapeutics, in the present study we designed, synthesized, and evaluated multitarget compounds structurally inspired by sulfonylureas and pitolisant with the aim of obtaining multitarget ligands for AD treatment. Due to the diversity of chemical scaffolds, a novel strategy has been adopted by merging into one structure moieties displaying H3R antagonism and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Eight compounds, selected by their binding activity on H3R, showed a moderate ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro, and two of the compounds (derivatives 2 and 7) were also capable of increasing acetylcholine release in vitro. Among the tested compounds, derivative 2 was identified and selected for further in vivo studies. Compound 2 was able to reverse scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits with results comparable to those of galantamine, a drug used in clinics for treating AD. In addition to its efficacy, this compound showed moderate BBB permeation in vitro. Altogether, these results point out that the fragment-like character of compound 2 leads to an optimal starting point for a plausible medicinal chemistry approach for this novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Javier Ramírez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.P.-S.); (E.M.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (D.P.); (C.S.)
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Casertano M, Fryganas C, Valentino V, Troise AD, Vitaglione P, Fogliano V, Ercolini D. Gut production of GABA by a probiotic formula: an in vitro study. Benef Microbes 2024; 15:67-81. [PMID: 38350463 DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic formula on the production of neuroactive compounds in different parts of the colon in batch culture and in vitro gut simulator experiments. Thirteen lactic acid bacterial strains, belonging to the species Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus thermophilus, were characterised for their in vitro ability to produce neurotransmitters. L. brevis P30021 and L. plantarum P30025 were selected based on their capability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine in vitro. A probiotic formulation with potential psychobiotic activity was prepared and tested in a batch culture of human microbiota monitoring the formation of GABA and acetylcholine. Samples of the three colonic tracts were taken from the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbiota (SHIME®) evaluating the production of GABA and other neurotransmitters by LC-MS. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by GC and microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were also determined. Probiotic supplementation led to the formation of GABA and acetylcholine with a decrease in glutamate concentrations in the in vitro batch fermentation. Production of GABA after the treatment with probiotics was confirmed in the SHIME® short-term experiment. No differences in short-chain fatty acids were observed up to 72 h of fermentation. Different microbiota composition was found in the three different parts of the colon, with a higher abundance of Veillonellaceae in the ascending colon vessels. The probiotic-exposed microbiota showed higher levels of Bacteroides, a gut microbe associated with anti-inflammatory activities and a potential GABA producer. Results demonstrate the impact of the tested probiotic formula on gut microbiota structure and GABA production. In conclusion, the probiotic treatment changed the microbiota composition and increased neuroactive metabolites production, indicating promising potential as psychobiotics, even if further clinical evidence is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these probiotics in improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casertano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - C Fryganas
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - V Valentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - A D Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - P Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - V Fogliano
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - D Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Mishra W, Kheradpezhouh E, Arabzadeh E. Activation of M1 cholinergic receptors in mouse somatosensory cortex enhances information processing and detection behaviour. Commun Biol 2024; 7:3. [PMID: 38168628 PMCID: PMC10761830 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimise sensory representations based on environmental demands, the activity of cortical neurons is regulated by neuromodulators such as Acetylcholine (ACh). ACh is implicated in cognitive functions including attention, arousal and sleep cycles. However, it is not clear how specific ACh receptors shape the activity of cortical neurons in response to sensory stimuli. Here, we investigate the role of a densely expressed muscarinic ACh receptor M1 in information processing in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex and its influence on the animal's sensitivity to detect vibrotactile stimuli. We show that M1 activation results in faster and more reliable neuronal responses, manifested by a significant reduction in response latencies and the trial-to-trial variability. At the population level, M1 activation reduces the network synchrony, and thus enhances the capacity of cortical neurons in conveying sensory information. Consistent with the neuronal findings, we show that M1 activation significantly improves performances in a vibriotactile detection task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wricha Mishra
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ehsan Kheradpezhouh
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Rehan R, Beltrame J, Yong A. Insights into the invasive diagnostic challenges of coronary artery vasospasm - A systematic review. J Cardiol 2024; 83:8-16. [PMID: 37541429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary provocation testing is an essential diagnostic procedure when evaluating vasospastic angina. Invasive methods using acetylcholine or ergonovine are considered the current gold standard. Despite efforts from global cardiovascular institutions, current protocols vary in dosage, administration time, and procedural approach. In addition, concerns over the specificity of findings and potential complications have limited routine uptake of this procedure in clinical practice. This systematic review evaluates current diagnostic protocols, focusing on invasive provocation testing. We included studies using intracoronary provocation testing with acetylcholine or ergonovine for the assessment of coronary artery vasospasm that detailed specific elements of the procedure (dosage, administration time, etc.) and included ≥50 patients. A total of 28 articles met strict inclusion criteria. Our review highlights the heterogeneity between current diagnostic protocols for invasive provocation testing. We believe standardization of a diagnostic protocol will encourage both current and future cardiologists to incorporate such procedures in the evaluation of variant angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Rehan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Beltrame
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andy Yong
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Burashnikov A, Di Diego JM, Patocskai B, Echt DS, Belardinelli L, Antzelevitch C. Effect of Flecainide and Ibutilide Alone and in Combination to Terminate and Prevent Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012454. [PMID: 38146652 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for improved approaches to rhythm control therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS The effectiveness of flecainide (1.5 µmol/L) and ibutilide (20 nmol/L), alone and in combination, to cardiovert and prevent AF recurrence was studied in canine-isolated coronary-perfused right atrioventricular preparations. We also examined the safety of the combination of flecainide (1.5 µmol/L) and ibutilide (50 nmol/L) using canine left ventricular wedge preparations. RESULTS Sustained AF (>1 hour) was inducible in 100%, 60%, 20%, and 0% of atria in the presence of acetylcholine alone, acetylcholine+ibutilide, acetylcholine+flecainide, and acetylcholine+ibutilide+flecainide, respectively. When used alone, flecainide and ibutilide cardioverted sustained AF in 40% and 20% of atria, respectively, but in 100% of atria when used in combination. Ibutilide prolonged atrial and ventricular effective refractory period by 15% and 8%, respectively, at a cycle length of 500 ms (P<0.05 for both). Flecainide increased the effective refractory period in atria by 27% (P<0.01) but by only 2% in the ventricles. The combination of the 2 drugs lengthened the effective refractory period by 42% in atria (P<0.01) but by only 7% (P<0.05) in the ventricles. In left ventricular wedges, ibutilide prolonged QT and Tpeak-Tend intervals by 25 and 55%, respectively (P<0.05 for both; cycle length, 2000 ms). The addition of flecainide (1.5 µmol/L) partially reversed these effects (P<0.05 for both parameters versus ibutilide alone). Torsades de Pointes score was relatively high with ibutilide alone and low with the drug combination. CONCLUSIONS In our experimental model, a combination of flecainide and ibutilide significantly improves cardioversion and prevents the recurrence of AF compared with monotherapies with little to no risk for the development of long-QT-mediated ventricular proarrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burashnikov
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (A.B., J.M.D.D., B.P., C.A.)
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B., C.A.)
| | - José M Di Diego
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (A.B., J.M.D.D., B.P., C.A.)
| | - Bence Patocskai
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (A.B., J.M.D.D., B.P., C.A.)
| | - Debra S Echt
- InCarda Therapeutics, Inc, Newark, CA (D.S.E., L.B.)
| | | | - Charles Antzelevitch
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (A.B., J.M.D.D., B.P., C.A.)
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B., C.A.)
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, PA (C.A.)
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Gott JA, Stücker S, Kanske P, Haaker J, Dresler M. Acetylcholine and metacognition during sleep. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103608. [PMID: 38042119 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator involved in a variety of cognitive functions. Additionally, acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of REM sleep: cholinergic neurons in the brainstem and basal forebrain project to and innervate wide areas of the cerebral cortex, and reciprocally interact with other neuromodulatory systems, to produce the sleep-wake cycle and different sleep stages. Consciousness and cognition vary considerably across and within sleep stages, with metacognitive capacity being strikingly reduced even during aesthetically and emotionally rich dream experiences. A notable exception is the phenomenon of lucid dreaming-a rare state whereby waking levels of metacognitive awareness are restored during sleep-resulting in individuals becoming aware of the fact that they are dreaming. The role of neurotransmitters in these fluctuations of consciousness and cognition during sleep is still poorly understood. While recent studies using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors suggest a potential role of acetylcholine in the occurrence of lucid dreaming, the underlying mechanisms by which this effect is produced remains un-modelled and unknown; with the causal link between cholinergic mechanisms and upstream psychological states being complex and elusive. Several theories and approaches targeting the association between acetylcholine and metacognition during wakefulness and sleep are highlighted in this review, moving through microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels of analysis to detail this phenomenon at several organisational scales. Several exploratory hypotheses will be developed to guide future research towards fully articulating how metacognition is affected by activity at the acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Gott
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sina Stücker
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Haaker
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Žunec S, Vadlja D, Ramić A, Zandona A, Maraković N, Brekalo I, Primožič I, Katalinić M. Profiling Novel Quinuclidine-Based Derivatives as Potential Anticholinesterase Drugs: Enzyme Inhibition and Effects on Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:155. [PMID: 38203326 PMCID: PMC10778980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system, relying on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), plays a significant role in muscle contraction, cognition, and autonomic nervous system regulation. The enzymes acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, responsible for hydrolyzing ACh, can fine-tune the cholinergic system's activity and are, therefore, excellent pharmacological targets to address a range of medical conditions. We designed, synthesized, and profiled 14 N-alkyl quaternary quinuclidines as inhibitors of human AChE and BChE and analyzed their impact on cell viability to assess their safety in the context of application as potential therapeutics. Our results showed that all of the 14 tested quinuclidines inhibited both AChE and BChE in the micromolar range (Ki = 0.26 - 156.2 μM). The highest inhibition potency was observed for two bisquaternary derivatives, 7 (1,1'-(decano)bis(3-hydroxyquinuclidinium bromide)) and 14 (1,1'-(decano)bis(3-hydroxyiminoquinuclidinium bromide)). The cytotoxic effect within 7-200 μM was observed only for monoquaternary quinuclidine derivatives, especially those with the C12-C16 alkyl chain. Further analysis revealed a time-independent mechanism of action, significant LDH release, and a decrease in the cells' mitochondrial membrane potential. Taking all results into consideration, we can confirm that a quinuclidine core presents a good scaffold for cholinesterase binding and that two bisquaternary quinuclidine derivatives could be considered as candidates worth further investigations as drugs acting in the cholinergic system. On the other hand, specific cell-related effects probably triggered by the free long alkyl chain in monoquaternary quinuclidine derivatives should not be neglected in future N-alkyl quaternary quinuclidine derivative structure refinements. Such an effect and their potential to interact with other specific targets, as indicated by a pharmacophore model, open up a new perspective for future investigations of these compounds' scaffold in the treatment of specific conditions and diseases other than cholinergic system-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Žunec
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Donna Vadlja
- Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia, Trg Kralja Petra Krešimira IV br. 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Alma Ramić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.R.); (I.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Antonio Zandona
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Iva Brekalo
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.R.); (I.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Ines Primožič
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.R.); (I.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.Ž.); (A.Z.); (N.M.)
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Costa SO, Chaves WF, Lopes PKF, Silva IM, Burguer B, Ignácio-Souza LM, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Rodrigues HG, Desai M, Ross MG, Torsoni MA. Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet modulates the inflammatory response in their offspring, mediated by the M1 muscarinic receptor. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273556. [PMID: 38193079 PMCID: PMC10773672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with various metabolic disorders and diseases. Both pre-pregnancy and maternal obesity can have long-term consequences on offspring health. Furthermore, consuming an HFD in adulthood significantly increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, an intriguing phenomenon known as the obesity paradox suggests that obesity may confer a protective effect on mortality outcomes in sepsis. In sepsis, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) can help mitigate systemic inflammation. We employed a metabolic programming model to explore the relationship between maternal HFD consumption and offspring response to sepsis. Methods We fed female mice either a standard diet (SC) or an HFD during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods. Subsequently, we evaluated 28-day-old male offspring. Results Notably, we discovered that offspring from HFD-fed dams (HFD-O) exhibited a higher survival rate compared with offspring from SC-fed dams (SC-O). Importantly, inhibition of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (m1mAChR), involved in the CAP, in the hypothalamus abolished this protection. The expression of m1mAChR in the hypothalamus was higher in HFD-O at different ages, peaking on day 28. Treatment with an m1mAChR agonist could modulate the inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. Specifically, CAP activation was greater in the liver of HFD-O following agonist treatment. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge failed to induce a more inflammatory state in HFD-O, in contrast to SC-O, and agonist treatment had no additional effect. Analysis of spleen immune cells revealed a distinct phenotype in HFD-O, characterized by elevated levels of CD4+ lymphocytes rather than CD8+ lymphocytes. Moreover, basal Il17 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were lower while Il22 mRNA levels were higher in HFD-O, and we observed the same pattern after LPS challenge. Discussion Further examination of myeloid cells isolated from bone marrow and allowed to differentiate showed that HFD-O macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, treatment with the m1mAChR agonist contributed to reducing inflammatory marker levels in both groups. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HFD-O are protected against LPS-induced sepsis, and this protection is mediated by the central m1mAChR. Moreover, the inflammatory response in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow-differentiated macrophages is diminished. However, more extensive analysis is necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which m1mAChR modulates the immune response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyma Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Wenicios Ferreira Chaves
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Iracema M. Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Burguer
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leticia M. Ignácio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Michael Glenn Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Yamazaki T, Saito Y, Kitahara H, Kobayashi Y. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame Count for Coronary Blood Flow Evaluation during Interventional Diagnostic Procedures. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2185. [PMID: 38138288 PMCID: PMC10744905 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An interventional diagnostic procedure (IDP), including intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation and coronary physiological testing, is recommended as an invasive diagnostic standard for patients suspected of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). Recent guidelines suggest Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count (TFC) as an alternative to wire-based coronary physiological indices for diagnosing coronary microvascular dysfunction. We evaluated trajectories of TFC during IDP and the impact of ACh provocation on TFC. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients who underwent IDP to diagnose INOCA were included and divided into two groups according to the positive or negative ACh provocation test. Wire-based invasive physiological assessment was preceded by ACh provocation tests and intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). We evaluated TFC at three different time points during IDP; pre-ACh, post-ISDN, and post-hyperemia. Results: Of 104 patients, 58 (55.8%) had positive ACh provocation test. In the positive ACh group, resting mean transit time (Tmn) and baseline resistance index were significantly higher than in the negative ACh group. Post-ISDN TFC was significantly correlated with resting Tmn (r = 0.31, p = 0.002). Absolute TFC values were highest at pre-ACh, followed by post-ISDN and post-hyperemia in both groups. All between-time point differences in TFC were statistically significant in both groups, except for the change from pre-ACh to post-ISDN in the positive ACh group. Conclusions: In patients suspected of INOCA, TFC was modestly correlated with Tmn, a surrogate of coronary blood flow. The positive ACh provocation test influenced coronary blood flow assessment during IDP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.K.)
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50
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Szadkowska D, Chłopecka M, Strawa JW, Jakimiuk K, Augustynowicz D, Tomczyk M, Mendel M. Effects of Cirsium palustre Extracts and Their Main Flavonoids on Colon Motility-An Ex Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17283. [PMID: 38139112 PMCID: PMC10743795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, various species from the genus Cirsium have been utilized in traditional medicine worldwide. A number of ethnopharmacological reports have pointed out that Cirsium plants can be applied to diminish digestive problems. Among them, Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) stands out as a promising herbal drug candidate because its constituents exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, as evidenced by ethnopharmacological reports. As a result, the species is particularly intriguing as an adjunctive therapy for functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders. Our research goal was to verify how the extracts, fractions, and main flavonoids of C. palustre affect colon contractility under ex vivo conditions. An alternative model with porcine-isolated colon specimens was used to identify the effects of C. palustre preparations and their primary flavonoids. LC-ESI-MS was utilized to evaluate the impacts of methanol (CP1), methanolic 50% (CP2), and aqueous (CP3) extracts as well as diethyl ether (CP4), ethyl acetate (CP5), and n-butanol (CP6) fractions. Additionally, the impacts of four flavonoids, apigenin (API), luteolin (LUT), apigenin 7-O-glucuronide (A7GLC), and chrysoeriol (CHRY), on spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced motility were assessed under isometric conditions. The results showed that C. palustre extracts, fractions, and their flavonoids exhibit potent motility-regulating effects on colonic smooth muscle. The motility-regulating effect was observed on spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractility. All extracts and fractions exhibited an enhancement of the spontaneous contractility of colonic smooth muscle. For acetylcholine-induced activity, CP1, CP2, and CP4 caused a spasmolytic effect, and CP5 and CP6 had a spasmodic effect. LUT and CHRY showed a spasmolytic effect in the case of spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced activity. In contrast, API and A7GLC showed a contractile effect in the case of spontaneous and pharmacologically induced activity. Considering the results obtained from the study, C. palustre could potentially provide benefits in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by hypomotility and hypermotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Szadkowska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Jakub W. Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Daniel Augustynowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Mendel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.C.)
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